ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com
TED Fellows Retreat 2015

Cesar Harada: How I teach kids to love science

塞萨尔·原田: 我是怎么让孩子们爱上科学的

Filmed:
1,776,679 views

在香港的港口小学,塞萨尔·原田教科学和发明课,来培养下一代的环境学家。他把他的教室搬到了一个多用途工业场地,在那里孩子们可以做木工、金工,做化学、生物和光学实验,并且偶尔他们也做一些电动工具来解决我们面对的海洋问题。在那里,他给学生们灌输着他小时候父母告诉他的至理名言:“你可以把东西搞得一团糟,但是之后你必须收拾好。”
- Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
When I was a kid孩子,
my parents父母 would tell me,
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当我还是个孩子时,
我父母告诉我,
00:16
"You can make a mess食堂,
but you have to clean清洁 up after yourself你自己."
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“你可以把东西搞得一团糟,
但是之后你必须收拾好。”
00:20
So freedom自由 came来了 with responsibility责任.
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所以自由和责任其实是伴随发生的。
00:23
But my imagination想像力 would take me
to all these wonderful精彩 places地方,
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我的想象力会把我带到
一个什么都可以发生的,
00:27
where everything was possible可能.
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神奇的地方。
00:29
So I grew成长 up in a bubble泡沫 of innocence无辜 --
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我在一个充满天真的世界中成长——
00:32
or a bubble泡沫 of ignorance无知, I should say,
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或者应该说是一个无知的世界,
00:34
because adults成年人 would lie谎言 to us
to protect保护 us from the ugly丑陋 truth真相.
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因为大人们会对我们说谎,
来避免我们接触到丑恶的现实。
当我们逐渐长大,我发现
其实大人们的世界一团糟,
00:39
And growing生长 up, I found发现 out
that adults成年人 make a mess食堂,
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00:43
and they're not very good
at cleaning清洁的 up after themselves他们自己.
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而且他们并不善于收拾烂摊子。
00:47
Fast快速 forward前锋, I am an adult成人 now,
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现在,我变成了个大人,
00:49
and I teach citizen公民 science科学 and invention发明
at the Hong香港 Kong Harbour港口 School学校.
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我在香港港口小学教科学和发明课。
00:54
And it doesn't take too long
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没过多久,
我的学生们走在海滩上的时候,
就发现了成堆的垃圾。
00:55
before my students学生们 walk步行 on a beach海滩
and stumble绊倒 upon piles of trash垃圾.
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01:00
So as good citizens公民,
we clean清洁 up the beaches海滩 --
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作为好公民,我们清理了海滩——
不,他不是在喝酒,
就算是,酒也不是我给的。
01:02
and no, he is not drinking alcohol,
and if he is, I did not give it to him.
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01:07
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:09
And so it's sad伤心 to say,
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很遗憾地说,
如今超过80%的海洋里有塑料制品。
01:11
but today今天 more than 80 percent百分
of the oceans海洋 have plastic塑料 in them.
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这是个很可怕的事实。
01:15
It's a horrifying可怕的 fact事实.
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01:16
And in past过去 decades几十年,
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在过去的几十年里,
01:18
we've我们已经 been taking服用 those big ships船舶 out
and those big nets,
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我们用这些大船拖着大网把垃圾捞出来,
01:21
and we collect搜集 those plastic塑料 bits
that we look at under a microscope显微镜,
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我们把塑料垃圾收集起来,
用显微镜观察,
01:25
and we sort分类 them,
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然后把它们分类,
之后我们把这些数据写在了一张地图上。
01:26
and then we put this data数据 onto a map地图.
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01:28
But that takes forever永远,
it's very expensive昂贵,
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但那要花很长时间,成本也非常高,
而且开那些大船是很危险的。
01:30
and so it's quite相当 risky有风险
to take those big boats out.
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01:33
So with my students学生们, ages年龄 six to 15,
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所以我,和我的6到15岁的学生们,
01:36
we've我们已经 been dreaming做梦
of inventing发明了 a better way.
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一直都梦想创造一个更好的办法。
01:39
So we've我们已经 transformed改造 our tiny
Hong香港 Kong classroom课堂 into a workshop作坊.
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于是,我们把在香港的
一个小教室变成了一个工作室。
01:43
And so we started开始 building建造
this small workbench工作台,
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然后我们就开始建造这个小工作台,
01:46
with different不同 heights高度,
so even really short kids孩子 can participate参加.
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把它们做成不同的高度,就算是个子矮的
小朋友也可以参加进来了。
01:49
And let me tell you, kids孩子 with power功率 tools工具
are awesome真棒 and safe安全.
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告诉你们吧,拿着电动工具的孩子们
其实很酷炫而且很安全。
01:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
开个玩笑。
01:55
Not really.
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咱们回到塑料制品那个话题。
01:56
And so, back to plastic塑料.
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01:58
We collect搜集 this plastic塑料 and we grind研磨 it
to the size尺寸 we find it in the ocean海洋,
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我们收集了一些塑料制品然后把它们
磨成了在海里找到它们时的大小,
02:01
which哪一个 is very small
because it breaks休息 down.
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特别特别小,因为它们在海里都分解了。
02:04
And so this is how we work.
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我们是这么做的。
02:05
I let the imaginations想象
of my students学生们 run wild野生.
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我让我的学生们充分发挥想象力。
02:08
And my job工作 is to try to collect搜集
the best最好 of each kid's孩子的 idea理念
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而我的工作就是尽量收集
每个孩子最好的想法,
02:12
and try to combine结合 it into something
that hopefully希望 would work.
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然后试着去把这些想法和一些
期望能行的通的东西结合起来。
02:17
And so we have agreed同意
that instead代替 of collecting搜集 plastic塑料 bits,
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之后我们就达成了一致,
我们不收集塑料品了,
02:21
we are going to collect搜集 only the data数据.
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我们决定仅仅收集数据。
02:23
So we're going to get an image图片
of the plastic塑料 with a robot机器人 --
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我们打算用机器人来获取
塑料制品的图片——
02:26
so robots机器人, kids孩子 get very excited兴奋.
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有了机器人,孩子们简直兴奋死了。
02:28
And the next下一个 thing we do --
we do what we call "rapid快速 prototyping原型."
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我们的下一步工作——
我们称之为“快速原型设计”。
我们的原型设计做得非常快,
02:31
We are so rapid快速 at prototyping原型
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02:33
that the lunch午餐 is still in the lunchbox便当盒
when we're hacking黑客 it.
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以至于我们午饭还没吃完,
饭盒就被征用了。
(笑声)
02:36
(Laughter笑声)
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02:37
And we hack table lamps灯具 and webcams摄像头,
into plumbing水暖 fixtures灯具
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我们把桌灯和网络摄像头
装到了卫生洁具上,
02:42
and we assemble集合 that into a floating漂浮的 robot机器人
that will be slowly慢慢地 moving移动 through通过 water
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然后把它们组装在漂浮机器人上,
机器人会在水面上缓缓移动,
02:47
and through通过 the plastic塑料
that we have there --
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穿过水面上的塑料漂浮物——
这就是我们用机器人得到的照片。
02:49
and this is the image图片
that we get in the robot机器人.
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我们可以看到塑料碎片缓缓地
流经感应器,
02:51
So we see the plastic塑料 pieces
floating漂浮的 slowly慢慢地 through通过 the sensor传感器,
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02:55
and the computer电脑 on board
will process处理 this image图片,
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内置的计算机就会分析这些影像,
并且计算出每个颗粒的大小,
02:58
and measure测量 the size尺寸 of each particle粒子,
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所以我们就能对水中塑料品的数量
有一个粗略的估计了。
03:00
so we have a rough estimate估计
of how much plastic塑料 there is in the water.
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03:05
So we documented记录
this invention发明 step by step
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我们在一个叫Instructables的
发明家网站上
03:08
on a website网站 for inventors发明家
called InstructablesInstructables,
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一步一步地记录下我们的发明,
希望有人可以继续完善它。
03:11
in the hope希望 that somebody
would make it even better.
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03:15
What was really cool about this project项目
was that the students学生们 saw a local本地 problem问题,
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这个项目的精彩之处在于,
孩子们自己看到了当地的问题,
03:19
and boom繁荣 -- they are trying
to immediately立即 address地址 it.
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然后灵光一现——他们就马上开始
试着去解决这个问题了。
03:22
[I can investigate调查 my local本地 problem问题]
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(我可以研究本地的问题)
不过,我在香港的学生是
非常与时俱进的孩子。
03:24
But my students学生们 in Hong香港 Kong
are hyperconnected超级连接 kids孩子.
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他们常看新闻,
他们会上网,
03:28
And they watch the news新闻,
they watch the Internet互联网,
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然后他们就看到了这张照片。
03:30
and they came来了 across横过 this image图片.
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03:33
This was a child儿童, probably大概 under 10,
cleaning清洁的 up an oil spill bare-handed徒手,
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这是一个大概不到10岁的孩子,
在徒手清理流出的油污,
03:38
in the Sundarbans松达, which哪一个 is the world's世界
largest最大 mangrove红树 forest森林 in Bangladesh孟加拉国.
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地点在孟加拉国,拥有世界最大的
红树林的孙德尔本斯地区。
孩子们感到非常震惊,
03:43
So they were very shocked吃惊,
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因为这里的水就是当地人喝的水,
他们也常在这里洗澡,
03:45
because this is the water they drink,
this is the water they bathe洗澡 in,
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03:48
this is the water they fish in --
this is the place地点 where they live生活.
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在这里钓鱼——
这是他们赖以生存的地方。
03:52
And also you can see the water is brown棕色,
the mud is brown棕色 and oil is brown棕色,
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现在你们可以看到水是棕色的,
泥土是棕色的,油污也是棕色的,
当所有的东西都掺在一起时,
03:56
so when everything is mixed up,
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03:57
it's really hard to see
what's in the water.
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很难分清水里有什么东西。
04:00
But, there's a technology技术
that's rather simple简单,
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但是,有一项相当简单的技术,
叫做光谱测定法,
04:02
that's called spectrometry,
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可以让你看清水中物质的成分。
04:04
that allows允许 you see what's in the water.
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所以我们就做了一个分光仪的
简单原型,
04:06
So we built内置 a rough prototype原型
of a spectrometer光谱仪,
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04:09
and you can shine闪耀 light
through通过 different不同 substances物质
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让光线透过不同的物质,
04:12
that produce生产 different不同 spectrums频谱,
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产生不同的光谱,
04:14
so that can help you
identify鉴定 what's in the water.
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这样就能帮你分辨水里的东西了。
我们就把这个感应器的原型打包好,
04:18
So we packed打包 this prototype原型 of a sensor传感器,
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寄到了孟加拉国。
04:21
and we shipped it to Bangladesh孟加拉国.
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04:23
So what was cool about this project项目
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这个项目有意思的地方在于
这不只是解决一个本地问题,
04:25
was that beyond addressing解决
a local本地 problem问题,
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或者研究一个本地问题了,
04:28
or looking at a local本地 problem问题,
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04:30
my students学生们 used their empathy同情
and their sense of being存在 creative创作的
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我的学生们用他们的同情心
和丰富的想象力
远程帮助了其他的孩子。
04:34
to help, remotely远程, other kids孩子.
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04:36
[I can investigate调查 a remote远程 problem问题]
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(我可以解决一个远方的问题了)
04:38
So I was very compelled被迫
by doing the second第二 experiments实验,
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我做第二个实验时有一种
很强的使命感,
想要更进一步——
04:40
and I wanted to take it even further进一步 --
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04:43
maybe addressing解决 an even harder更难 problem问题,
and it's also closer接近 to my heart.
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或许我们可以解决一个更加困难,
同时也是我打心底里想研究的问题。
04:48
So I'm half Japanese日本 and half French法国,
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我是日法混血,
04:51
and maybe you remember记得 in 2011
there was a massive大规模的 earthquake地震 in Japan日本.
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可能你们还记得在2011年
日本遭受了一次很强的地震。
04:57
It was so violent暴力 that it triggered触发
several一些 giant巨人 waves波浪 --
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地震破坏力很强,还引发了惊天巨浪——
05:00
they are called tsunami海啸 --
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也就是海啸——
05:02
and those tsunami海啸 destroyed销毁 many许多 cities城市
on the eastern coast of Japan日本.
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海啸破坏了日本东边沿海地区的
很多城市。
05:10
More than 14,000 people
died死亡 in an instant瞬间.
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一瞬间,超过一万四千人失去了生命。
05:15
Also, it damaged破损 the nuclear
power功率 plant of Fukushima福岛,
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而且,海啸还摧毁了福田核电站,
05:19
the nuclear power功率 plant just by the water.
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一个建在海边的核电站。
05:22
And today今天, I read the reports报告
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今天,我读了一些报告,
知道了大概300吨的核污水
05:24
and an average平均 of 300 tons
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从核电站流到了太平洋。
05:28
are leaking泄漏 from the nuclear power功率 plant
into the Pacific和平的 Ocean海洋.
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05:31
And today今天 the whole整个 Pacific和平的 Ocean海洋
has traces痕迹 of contamination污染 of cesium-铯-137.
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今天,整个太平洋都
受到了铯-137的污染。
如果你去美国的西海岸,
到处都能够发现福岛核泄露的痕迹。
05:38
If you go outside on the West西 Coast,
you can measure测量 Fukushima福岛 everywhere到处.
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05:42
But if you look at the map地图,
it can look like most of the radioactivity放射性
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但如果你从地图上看,
你会看到似乎大部分的放射物质
05:45
has been washed away
from the Japanese日本 coast,
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都从日本海岸冲走了,
现在核泄露的大部分——
看起来都是安全的,因为是蓝色的。
05:47
and most of it is now --
it looks容貌 like it's safe安全, it's blue蓝色.
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然而,现实要比这复杂得多。
05:50
Well, reality现实 is a bit
more complicated复杂 than this.
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自从那次事故以来,我每年都会去福岛,
05:54
So I've been going to Fukushima福岛
every一切 year since以来 the accident事故,
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我和其他的科学家一起,
在陆地上、在水里
05:57
and I measure测量 independently独立地
and with other scientists科学家们,
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进行独立调查——
06:00
on land土地, in the river --
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这次我想带上孩子们。
06:02
and this time we wanted to take the kids孩子.
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当然我们没有真的把孩子们带过去,
家长们不会让我们这样做的。
06:05
So of course课程 we didn't take the kids孩子,
the parents父母 wouldn't不会 allow允许 that to happen发生.
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(笑声)
06:08
(Laughter笑声)
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但每晚我们都要向“任务控制部”汇报,
06:10
But every一切 night we would report报告
to "Mission任务 Control控制" --
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他们带着不同的面具。
06:14
different不同 masks面具 they're wearing穿着.
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看起来好像他们并没有认真工作,
但其实不然,
06:16
It could look like they didn't take
the work seriously认真地, but they really did
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06:20
because they're going to have to live生活
with radioactivity放射性 their whole整个 life.
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因为他们一辈子都要在这种
放射性的环境下生活。
06:25
And so what we did with them
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我们跟他们一起做的工作
就是研究我们当天收集的数据,
06:27
is that we'd星期三 discuss讨论 the data数据
we collected that day,
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并且讨论我们下一步该做什么——
06:30
and talk about where
we should be going next下一个 --
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策略、行程等等······
06:32
strategy战略, itinerary行程, etc等等...
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06:34
And to do this, we built内置
a very rough topographical地形 map地图
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于是,我们做了一个
核电站周围区域的
很简单的地形图。
06:38
of the region地区 around
the nuclear power功率 plant.
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我们做了这个高程图,
06:41
And so we built内置 the elevation海拔 map地图,
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在上面撒上颜料
来代表核放射的实时数据,
06:43
we sprinkled pigments颜料 to represent代表
real-time即时的 data数据 for radioactivity放射性,
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06:47
and we sprayed water
to simulate模拟 the rainfall雨量.
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我们还会喷水来模拟下雨。
用这种方法我们看到了放射性尘埃
06:52
And with this we could see
that the radioactive放射性的 dust灰尘
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被雨水从山顶冲到了河流里,
06:55
was washing洗涤 from the top最佳 of the mountain
into the river system系统,
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最后流向大海。
06:58
and leaking泄漏 into the ocean海洋.
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这只是个粗略的估算。
06:59
So it was a rough estimate估计.
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07:02
But with this in mind心神,
we organized有组织的 this expedition远征,
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基于这种方法,
我们组织了一次探索活动,
这也是公民们距离核电站
最近的一次了。
07:05
which哪一个 was the closest最近的 civilians老百姓 have been
to the nuclear power功率 plant.
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我们在离核电站1.5公里远的地方航行,
07:09
We are sailing帆船 1.5 kilometers公里 away
from the nuclear power功率 plant,
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在当地渔民的帮助下,
07:13
and with the help of the local本地 fisherman,
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我们用自己发明制作的
07:15
we are collecting搜集 sediment沉淀 from the seabed海底
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沉淀物采样器在海底
收集了一些沉淀物。
07:17
with a custom习惯 sediment沉淀 sampler取样器
we've我们已经 invented发明 and built内置.
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我们把这些沉淀物打成一个个的小包,
07:21
We pack the sediment沉淀 into small bags包装袋,
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然后把这数百个小包封装好
07:24
we then dispatch调度 them
to hundreds数以百计 of small bags包装袋
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寄给了很多大学,
07:26
that we send发送 to different不同 universities高校,
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我们做出了这个
海床放射活动的地图,
07:28
and we produce生产 the map地图
of the seabed海底 radioactivity放射性,
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特别是在鱼类繁殖的河口地区,
07:31
especially特别 in estuaries河口
where the fish will reproduce复制,
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我希望我们所做的这些
07:34
and I will hope希望 that we will have improved改善
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可以使当地的渔民和你们最爱的寿司
安全一点。
07:36
the safety安全 of the local本地 fishermen渔民
and of your favorite喜爱 sushi寿司.
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(笑声)
07:39
(Laughter笑声)
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07:40
You can see a progression级数 here --
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你们可以看到我们的进步——
我们从本地问题开始,
到外地的问题,最后再到世界问题。
07:42
we've我们已经 gone走了 from a local本地 problem问题
to a remote远程 problem问题 to a global全球 problem问题.
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07:47
And it's been super exciting扣人心弦
to work at these different不同 scales,
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做这些不同规模项目的感觉
真的特别爽,
我们使用的技术也是
非常简单和开源的。
07:50
with also very simple简单,
open-source开源 technologies技术.
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但同时,我们也逐渐地感觉有些沮丧,
07:53
But at the same相同 time,
it's been increasingly日益 frustrating泄气
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因为我们现在做的仅仅是测量
我们过去所造成的危害。
07:57
because we have only started开始 to measure测量
the damage损伤 that we have doneDONE.
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我们还没有开始解决这些问题。
08:00
We haven't没有 even started开始
to try to solve解决 the problems问题.
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08:05
And so I wonder奇迹
if we should just take a leap飞跃
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所以我想知道,
我们能不能有一个飞跃,
想出一些更好的办法来解决这些问题呢?
08:08
and try to invent发明 better ways方法
to do all these things.
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08:13
And so the classroom课堂
started开始 to feel a little bit small,
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然后教室就显得有点小了,
08:17
so we found发现 an industrial产业
site现场 in Hong香港 Kong,
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我们找了香港的一处废弃工厂,
然后把它变成了一个最大的多用空间,
08:19
and we turned转身 it into
the largest最大 mega-space大型空间
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专门来研究社会和环境影响。
08:23
focused重点 on social社会
and environmental环境的 impact碰撞.
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这是在香港市中心,
08:26
It's in central中央 Hong香港 Kong,
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是一个我们可以做木工、
金工和化学实验的地方,
08:27
and it's a place地点 we can work
with wood, metal金属, chemistry化学,
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还可以做一些生物学和光学的实验,
08:30
a bit of biology生物学, a bit of optics光学,
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在那里,基本上你什么都可以做。
08:32
basically基本上 you can build建立
pretty漂亮 much everything there.
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这是一个大人和孩子
可以一起玩的地方。
08:35
And its a place地点 where
adults成年人 and kids孩子 can play together一起.
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这是一个在大人的帮助下,
08:38
It's a place地点 where
kids'孩子们 dreams can come true真正,
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孩子们可以梦想成真的地方,
08:41
with the help of adults成年人,
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在这里,大人们也返老还童了。
08:43
and where adults成年人 can be kids孩子 again.
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08:44
Student学生: Acceleration促进! Acceleration促进!
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学生们:加油!加油!
塞萨尔·原田:
我们经常提出这样的问题,
08:48
Cesar塞萨尔 Harada原田: We're asking
questions问题 such这样 as,
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我们可以打造一个利用可再生能源的
移动设备的未来吗?
08:50
can we invent发明 the future未来 of mobility流动性
with renewable可再生 energy能源?
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这是一个例子。
08:53
For example.
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08:55
Or, can we help the mobility流动性
of the aging老化 population人口
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还有,我们能把非常常见的轮椅
变成很酷的电动车,
08:59
by transforming转型 very standard标准 wheelchairs轮椅
into cool, electric电动 vehicles汽车?
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让老年人的行动更加方便吗?
09:05
So plastic塑料, oil and radioactivity放射性
are horrible可怕, horrible可怕 legacies遗产,
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塑料制品、油污和核辐射
都是非常非常可怕的残留物,
但是最最可怕的
还是我们对孩子们说的谎话。
09:11
but the very worst最差 legacy遗产
that we can leave离开 our children孩子 is lies.
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09:16
We can no longer afford给予
to shield屏蔽 the kids孩子 from the ugly丑陋 truth真相
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我们不能再对孩子们隐瞒丑恶的真相了,
09:22
because we need their imagination想像力
to invent发明 the solutions解决方案.
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因为我们需要他们解决问题的想象力。
09:26
So citizen公民 scientists科学家们, makers制造商, dreamers梦想家 --
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所以,科学家们、制造商们、
梦想家们——
我们必须让我们的下一代开始
09:31
we must必须 prepare准备 the next下一个 generation
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关心现在的环境和人们,
09:34
that cares管它 about
the environment环境 and people,
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这样他们就可以采取行动解决问题了。
09:37
and that can actually其实
do something about it.
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09:40
Thank you.
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谢谢。
(掌声)
09:41
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Huazhe Xie

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Cesar Harada - Inventor, environmentalist, educator
TED Senior Fellow Cesar Harada aims to harness the forces of nature as he invents innovative remedies for man-made problems like oil spills and radioactive leaks.

Why you should listen

Cesar Harada believes that ocean currents, the wind and other naturally occuring phenomenon can provide unique inspiration and novel solutions to mankind’s worst disasters, like oil spills and radioactive leaks. A French-Japanese inventor and TED senior fellow, he is the creator of Protei, a revolutionary sailing technology -- featuring a front rudder, flexible hull and open-soure hardware -- that allows for efficient clean up of both oil and plastics from the sea. Currently based in London, Harada recently traveled to Japan and is designing Protei to measure radioactivity along the country's coast.

The general coordinator of the future International Ocean Station, Harada teaches at Goldsmiths University London. A former project leader at MIT, he graduated form the Royal College of Arts Design Interactions in London and worked at the Southampton University Hydrodynamics laboratory on wave energy. Harada has also studied animantion, and his films and installations have been seen at festivals and events across the world, from the United States to Japan.

More profile about the speaker
Cesar Harada | Speaker | TED.com