ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco. 

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com
TED Salon Optum

Daniel Kraft: The pharmacy of the future? Personalized pills, 3D printed at home

丹尼尔 · 克拉夫特: 未来药房就在家中3D打印个性化药品

Filmed:
1,746,534 views

医生丹尼尔 · 克拉夫特说,我们需要改变开处方的方式——常常,药物的剂量会不正确,导致有毒副作用,或者根本不起作用。在这次演讲和一个概念演示中,克拉夫特分享了他对个性化药物未来的愿景,展示了一种3D打印机原型,它可以设计出适合我们个人需求的药片。
- Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
We live生活 in a medication药物治疗 nation国家.
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我们生活在一个药物王国。
00:16
Four point five billion十亿 drug药物 prescriptions处方
will be prescribed规定 by doctors医生 like me
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仅仅在美国,
今年就有45亿份的处方
00:21
this year, in the United联合的 States状态 alone单独.
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被像我这样的医生开出来。
00:23
That's 15 for every一切 man, woman女人 and child儿童.
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平均起来就是每个人15份。
00:25
And for most of us,
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对于大多数人来说,
00:27
our experience经验 with this medication药物治疗
is often经常 confusing扑朔迷离 number of pills,
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我们对药物的体验往往是
搞混药物剂量、
00:30
instructions说明, side effects效果,
one-size-fits-all一个尺寸适合所有人 dosing剂量,
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说明、副作用、
以及一刀切的剂量,
00:34
which哪一个 all too often经常
we aren't taking服用 as prescribed规定.
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我们也经常不按处方服药。
00:36
And this comes at tremendous巨大 expense费用,
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这也带来了非常昂贵的代价,
00:38
costing成本核算 us our time,
our money and our health健康.
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浪费了我们的时间、金钱和健康。
00:41
And in our now exponential指数,
connected连接的, data-driven数据驱动 age年龄,
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在我们这个指数、互联、
数据驱动的时代,
00:44
I think we can and we must必须 do better.
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我想我们可以并且必须做得更好。
00:47
So let's take a dive潜水
at some of the challenges挑战 we have
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让我们来深入的探讨
一下我们面临的挑战
00:51
and some potential潜在 solutions解决方案.
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以及潜在的解决方案。
00:54
Let's start开始 with the fact事实
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让我们先从一个事实开始,
00:55
that many许多 drugs毒品 don't work
for those who are prescribed规定 to them.
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那就是很多药物
对服用它们的人无效。
00:58
The top最佳 10 grossing票房 drugs毒品
in the United联合的 States状态 this year,
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美国今年最畅销的10种药物
01:03
they only benefit效益 one in four
to one in 23 of who take them.
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也只对1/4到1/23的服用者有效。
01:06
That's great if you're number one,
but what about everybody每个人 else其他?
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如果你是当中的那个1,
那当然很好,但其余的人呢?
01:11
And what's worse更差, drugs毒品,
when they sometimes有时 don't work,
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更糟糕的是,当药物没疗效时,
01:14
can still cause原因 side effects效果.
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它还能产生副作用。
01:15
Take aspirin阿司匹林 -- about one in four of us
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以服用阿司匹林为例
——大概每4个服用
01:17
who take aspirin阿司匹林 to reduce减少
our risk风险 of cardiovascular心血管 disease疾病,
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阿司匹林来降低心血管疾病风险
的人就有一个
01:20
are unknowingly不知 aspirin-resistant抗阿司匹林.
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会对阿司匹林产生未知的抗药性。
01:22
And still have the same相同 risks风险
of gastrointestinal胃肠道 bleeds出血
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而且还有胃肠出血的风险,
01:25
that kill thousands数千 every一切 year.
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而这每年也会导致数千人死亡。
01:28
It's adverse不利的 drug药物 reactions反应 like these
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这些药物的不良反应,
01:31
that are, by some estimates估计,
the number four leading领导 cause原因 of death死亡
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据估算,是美国境内的
第4大死因。
01:34
in the United联合的 States状态.
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我自己的爷爷就是在使用了
01:35
My own拥有 grandfather祖父 passed通过 away
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01:36
after a single dose剂量 of antibiotic抗生素
caused造成 his kidneys肾脏 to fail失败.
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单一抗生素后导致的肾衰竭
而逝世的。
01:40
Now, adverse不利的 drug药物 reactions反应
and side effects效果
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现在,药物不良反应和副作用
01:43
are often经常 tied to challenges挑战 in dosing剂量.
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经常跟剂量相关。
01:46
I trained熟练 in pediatrics儿科 -- little people,
internal内部 medicine医学 -- big people,
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我受的训练是:儿科——小人儿,
内科——大人儿,
01:49
so one night I might威力 have been
on call in the NICUNICU,
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可能前一天晚上我还
在新生儿重症监护室
01:52
carefully小心 dosing剂量
to the fraction分数 of a milligram毫克,
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小心地调配着几分之一毫克的剂量
01:54
a medication药物治疗 for a NICUNICU baby宝宝.
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供新生儿重症监护室里的
某个婴儿使用的药物,
01:55
The next下一个 night --
on call in the emergency room房间,
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第二天晚上——我又在
急诊室治疗一个400磅
01:58
treating治疗 a 400-pound-磅 lineman前锋
or a frail脆弱 nursing-home养老院 patient患者,
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的线路工或一个疗养院里的虚弱的病人,
02:01
who, by most accounts账户, usually平时
would get the same相同 dose剂量 of medications药物治疗
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在大多数情况下,两者
都会得到处方一览表上
02:05
from the formulary规定.
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所规定的同样剂量的药物。
02:07
Which哪一个 would mean, most of the time
I would be underdosing给药 the lineman前锋,
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也就是说,多数情况下,
我可能给线路工
02:10
and overdosing过量 the nursing-home养老院 patient患者.
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的剂量不足,而又会给
疗养院的病人用药过量。
02:13
And beyond age年龄 and weight重量,
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除了年龄和体重,
02:14
we tend趋向 to ignore忽视 differences分歧
in sex性别 and race种族 in dosing剂量.
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我们在配药时还会忽略性别和种族。
02:18
Now, beyond this, we know
we have a massive大规模的 challenge挑战
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除此之外,我们还面临着病人
02:22
with noncompliance违规 or low adherence附着.
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不按时服药和较低的
持续治疗率的挑战。
02:25
Many许多 of us who need
to take our medications药物治疗
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我们许多需要用药的人
02:27
aren't taking服用 them
or are taking服用 them incorrectly不正确.
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不去用药或者不正确的用药。
02:30
You know, 40 percent百分
of adults成年人 in the US over 65
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要知道,在美国有40%
的65岁以上老人
02:32
are on five or more
prescription处方 medications药物治疗.
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需要要服用5种或以上的处方药。
02:35
Sometimes有时 15 or more.
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有时甚至是15种或者更多。
02:36
And even small improvements改进 in adherence附着
can dramatically显着 save保存 dollars美元 and lives生活.
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所以即便仅治疗依从性上提升一点,
能省下大量金钱并拯救很多的生命。
02:43
So, as we think into the future未来,
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因此,当我们想象未来时,
02:46
you think that where we are today今天,
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想想我们现在,
02:48
as we often经常 hear about smart聪明,
personalized个性化, targeted针对 drugs毒品,
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我们经常听到智能、
个性化、有针对性的药物、
02:52
Internet互联网 of Things, gene基因 therapy治疗, AIAI,
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物联网、基因疗法、人工智能,
02:54
that we'd星期三 already已经 arrived到达
in this era时代 of precision精确 medicine医学.
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似乎我们已经进入了
精准医疗的时代。
02:57
In reality现实, we still live生活 in an age年龄
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可事实上,我们仍然
生活在一个经验主义、
02:58
of empiric经验, trial-and-error试错
imprecision不精确 medicine医学.
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试错法、不精准治疗
大行其道的时代。
03:01
I think we can do better.
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我想我们可以做得更好。
03:03
What if we could reimagine重新构想 ways方法
to help make your medicine-taking吃药 easier更轻松?
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如果我们能重新想出
让你用药更方便的方法,
03:07
To get the right doses剂量
and combinations组合 to match比赛 you?
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配出适合你的剂量和
药物组合那将会怎样?
03:11
What if we could move移动 beyond
today's今天的 literal文字 cutting切割 edge边缘
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如果我们能够超越今天所谓的
03:13
of pill cutters切割机 and fax传真 machines,
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尖端药丸切割机和传真机,
03:16
to an era时代 where we could have
better outcomes结果, lower降低 costs成本,
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进入一个可以更好的
控制结果、节约成本、
03:19
saving保存 lives生活 and space空间
in your medicine医学 cabinet内阁?
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拯救生命以及节省药柜空间
的时代会怎样?
03:23
Well, I think part部分 of the solution
is all the emerging新兴 ways方法
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我想部分的解决方案
就是所有这些
03:26
that we can measure测量 and connect
our health健康 care关心 information信息.
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能让我们测量并连接
我们的健康信息的方法。
03:29
Today今天, we pretty漂亮 much live生活
in a reactive反应, sick-care生病护理 world世界,
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今天,我们几乎
生活在一个被动的
03:32
siloed孤立 information信息 that doesn't flow.
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疾病照料的世界,
封闭的信息不能流通。
03:35
We have the potential潜在 to move移动
into more continuous连续, real-time即时的
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我们有潜力进入一个
更持续的,实时的,
03:38
proactive主动 world世界 of true真正 health健康 care关心.
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前瞻性的真实医疗保健的世界。
03:40
And part部分 of that starts启动 with
the emerging新兴 world世界 of quantified量化 self,
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这其中部分始于量化自身的新兴世界,
03:43
we can measure测量 so much
of our physiology生理 and behaviors行为 today今天,
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今天我们能很好的测量
我们的生理机能和行为,
03:46
and often经常 it's siloed孤立
on our phones手机 and scales,
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通常这些信息储存在
我们的手机和仪器中,
03:49
but it's starting开始 to connect
to our clinicians临床医生, our caregivers护理人员,
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但现在已经开始跟
医生的监护工连接,
03:52
so they can better optimize优化 prevention预防,
diagnostics诊断 and therapy治疗.
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使他们能更好的优化
预防措施、诊断和治疗。
03:56
And when we can do that,
we can do some interesting有趣 things.
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而当我们能做到这一点时,
我们就能做一些有趣的事。
03:59
Take, for example, hypertension高血压.
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举个例子,比如说高血压。
04:01
It's the number one risk风险 factor因子
for early death死亡 and morbidity发病率 worldwide全世界.
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它是全球头号致人早逝的
危险因素,发病率也第一。
04:05
Half of adult成人 Americans美国人,
on approximation近似, have hypertension高血压,
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约一半的美国成年人有高血压,
04:09
less than half have it well-controlled良好控制.
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而其中只有不到一半的人
能很好的控制病情。
04:11
It's often经常 because it takes two
or three different不同 classes of medications药物治疗,
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通常是因为它要使用
两到三种不同的药物,
04:14
it's tough强硬 to do adherence附着 and adjust调整
your blood血液 pressure压力 medications药物治疗.
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很难持续治疗并调整你的高血压药物。
04:17
We have 500 preventable预防的 deaths死亡
from noncontrolled不受控制 hypertension高血压
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在美国,每天有500个
本来可以预防的病人
04:20
in the US, every一切 day.
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因为不加控制的高血压而死亡。
04:22
But now we're in the era时代
of connected连接的 blood血液 pressure压力 cuffs袖口 --
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但是我们正处在一个
联网血压袖带时代——
04:25
the FDAFDA just approved批准
a blood血液 pressure压力 cuff袖口
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美国食品药品管理局刚批准了一个
能够连接智能手表的血压袖带。
04:27
that can go into your watch.
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04:29
There are now prototypes原型 of cuffless库弗利斯
radar-based以雷达为基础 blood血液 pressure压力 devices设备
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现在还有很多无袖带的、
使用雷达的血压测试设备的模型,
04:33
that can continuously一直 stream
your blood血液 pressure压力.
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它们能持续监测你的血压。
04:35
So, in the future未来, I could --
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所以,未来,我就可以——
04:37
instead代替 of spot-checking抽查
my blood血液 pressure压力 in the clinic诊所,
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不用去诊所现场测量血压,
我的医生能观测我的实时血压和动态,
04:39
my doctor医生 could see
my real-time即时的 numbers数字 and my trends趋势,
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04:42
and adjust调整 them as necessary必要,
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并且如果有必要就在
04:44
with the help of a blood血液 pressure压力
dosing剂量 algorithm算法,
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一个血压剂量算法的帮助下
04:47
or using运用 the Internet互联网 of Things.
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或者运用物联网进行调整。
04:49
Now, technology技术 today今天 can do even more.
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今天,科技能做到的甚至更多。
04:52
My smartwatch斯特沃特, already已经 today今天,
has an EKGEKG built内置 in,
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今天我的智能手表上,
已经植入了心电图,
04:55
that can be read
by artificial人造 intelligence情报.
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它能被人工智能读取。
04:58
I'm wearing穿着 a small, Band-Aid-sized带助手大小 patch补丁,
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我身上有一个小小的、
创可贴大小的贴片,
05:01
that is live-streaming即时串流
my vital重要 signs迹象 right now.
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它现在正现场直播着我的生命特征。
05:03
Let's take a look.
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让我们来看一看。
05:05
They're actually其实 a little
concerning关于 at the moment时刻.
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它们现在看起来的确有点令人担心。
05:07
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:09
Now, it's not just my real-time即时的 vitals命脉
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不仅能被我的医疗团队
05:12
that can be seen看到
by my medical team球队 or myself,
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和自己看到的我的实时生命特征,
05:14
it could be my retrospective回顾 data数据,
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它还是我的回顾性数据,
05:16
and again, that'd那会 be used to modify修改
dosing剂量 and medication药物治疗 going forward前锋.
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而且它还能被用于
进一步修正剂量和药物。
05:20
Even my weight重量 can be super-quantified超级量化.
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甚至我的体重还能超级量化。
05:22
My weight重量, now my shape形状,
how much body身体 mass, fat脂肪,
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我的体重、身形,
我的身体质量、脂肪,
05:27
muscle肌肉 mass I might威力 have,
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肌肉质量可能是多少,
05:28
and use that to optimize优化
my prevention预防 or therapy治疗.
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这些都能用来优化我的预防和治疗。
05:32
And it's not just for the tech-savvy技术娴熟.
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这不仅仅是为那些
懂科技的人准备的。
05:34
Now, MITMIT engineers工程师 have modified改性 wi-fi无线上网
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现在,麻省理工学院的
工程师们改进了无线网
05:37
so we can seamlessly无缝
connect and collect搜集 our vital重要 signs迹象,
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使我们能从已经连上的
戒指和智能订垫上,
05:41
from our connected连接的 rings戒指
and smart聪明 mattresses床垫,
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无缝地连接和获取我们的生命特征,
05:43
we can start开始 to share分享
this digital数字 exhaust排气, our digitome迪托梅,
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我们可以开始分享这个数字排放器,
我们的数字转换器,
05:46
and even potentially可能 crowdsource众包 it,
sharing分享 our health健康 information信息,
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甚至是潜在的众包它,
分享我们的健康信息,
05:49
just like we share分享
with our Google谷歌 Maps地图 and driving主动,
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就像我们在分享我们的
谷歌地图和驾驶信息一样,
05:52
to improve提高 our -- not our driving主动,
but our health健康 experience经验 globally全球.
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不是为了提高我们的驾驶技术,
而是为了提高我们的全球健康经验。
05:56
So, that's great.
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所以,这太好了。
05:58
We can potentially可能 now
collect搜集 this information信息.
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我们现在可以收集这些信息。
06:00
What if your labs实验室
can go from the central中央 lab实验室
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如果你的实验室可以从中心区域
06:04
to your home, to your phone电话,
to even inside our bodies身体
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到你家,甚至在你的手机上,
甚至在我们的身体里
06:07
to measure测量 drug药物 levels水平 or other varieties品种?
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来测量药品指数或者其它的变量呢?
06:10
And of course课程,
we're in the age年龄 of genomics基因组学.
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当然, 我们处在基因组学的时代。
06:12
I've been sequenced测序,
it's just less than 1,000 dollars美元 today今天.
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我已经做了测序,
价格还不到1000美元。
我开始明白了我的药物基因组学,
06:15
And I can start开始 to understand理解
my pharmacogenomics药物基因组学 --
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我的基因影响我是否需要高剂量,
还是低剂量,
06:17
how my genes基因 impact碰撞
whether是否 I need high dose剂量, low dose剂量,
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06:20
or maybe a different不同
medication药物治疗 altogether.
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或者换一种药物。
06:22
Let's imagine想像 if your physician医师
or your pharmacist药剂师,
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假设你的医生,或者你的药剂师,
06:25
had this information信息
integrated集成 into their workflow工作流程,
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将这个信息融入他们的工作流程,
06:27
augmented增强 with artificial人造 intelligence情报,
AIAI, or as I like to refer参考 to it, IAIA --
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加上人工智能,AI,或者
我喜欢这样称呼它,IA—
06:31
intelligence情报 augmentation增强,
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人类智能(与人工智能相对)
06:33
to leverage杠杆作用 that information信息,
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来处理这些信息,
06:34
to understand理解 of the 18,000
or more approved批准 drugs毒品,
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来利用这18000吨或
更多获批准的
06:37
which哪一个 would be the right dose剂量
and combination组合 for you.
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符合你计量和方法的药剂。
06:40
So great, now maybe we can
optimize优化 your drugs毒品 and your doses剂量,
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太棒了,也许我们可以
优化你的药物和剂量,
06:43
but the problem问题 today今天 is,
we're still using运用 this amazing惊人 technology技术
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但今天的问题是,我们仍然
在使用这项神奇的技术
06:46
to keep track跟踪 of our drugs毒品.
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来跟踪我们的药物。
06:48
And of course课程, these technologies技术 evolve发展,
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当然,这些技术在不断发展,
06:51
there's connected连接的 dispensers掌柜,
reminder提醒 apps应用,
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联网的配药器以及提醒应用,
06:54
smart聪明 pill bottle瓶子 caps帽子 that can text文本
or tweet鸣叫 you or your mother母亲
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智能药片瓶盖,这些应用可以发短信
或者发推特给你或者你妈妈,
06:57
if you haven't没有 taken采取 your medications药物治疗.
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假如你没有按时服药。
06:59
PillPack柱套 was just acquired后天 by Amazon亚马逊,
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PillPack刚刚被亚马逊收购,
07:01
so soon不久 we may可能 have same-day同一天 delivery交货
of our drugs毒品, delivered交付 by drone无人驾驶飞机.
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所以可能很快就会有无人机
当日送达我们的药物。
07:05
So, all these things are possible可能 today今天,
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因此,所有这些在今天都是可能的,
07:08
but we're still taking服用 multiple pills.
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但我们仍在服用多种药物。
07:09
What if we can make it simpler简单?
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那如果我们把它简化呢?
07:11
I think one of the solutions解决方案
is to make better use of the polypill波利皮勒.
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我认为其中一个解决方案
是更好地利用复方药。
07:14
A polypill波利皮勒 is the integration积分 of multiple
medications药物治疗 into a single pill.
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复方药是多种药物组合成一粒药丸。
07:18
And we have these today今天 in common共同,
over-the-counter在柜台 cold and flu流感 remedies补救措施.
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今天我们有这些常见的,
非处方的感冒和流感药物。
07:21
And there have been
prevention预防 polypill波利皮勒 studies学习 doneDONE,
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也有一些关于预防复方药的研究。
07:24
giving combinations组合
of statins他汀类药物, blood血液 pressure压力, aspirin阿司匹林,
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将抑制素,血压药,阿司匹林组合在一起,
07:26
which哪一个 in randomized随机 studies学习
have been shown显示
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随机抽样调查结果显示
07:28
to dramatically显着 reduce减少 risk风险,
compared相比 to placebo安慰剂.
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相比于安慰剂很大程度上减少了风险。
07:31
But these polypills波利皮尔斯 weren't personalized个性化,
they weren't optimized优化 to the individual个人.
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但是这些药丸不是个性化的,
它们没有针对个人进行优化。
如果我们可以优化你的
个性化的复方药呢?
07:35
What if we could optimize优化
your personalized个性化 polypill波利皮勒?
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07:37
So it would be built内置 for you,
based基于 on you, it could adapt适应 to you,
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将它们为适应你,
基于你的需求而生产,
07:41
even every一切 single day.
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甚至是每一天。
07:42
Well, we're now in the era时代 of 3D printing印花,
you can print打印 personalized个性化 braces背带,
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我们现在处在3D打印的时代,
你可以打印个性化的物品集合,
07:46
hearing听力 aids艾滋病, orthopedic骨科 devices设备,
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助听器、骨科器械、
07:48
even I've been scanned扫描
and had my jeans牛仔裤 tailored量身定制 to fit适合 to me.
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我甚至曾经也通过被
扫描来量身定做牛仔裤。
07:52
So this got me thinking思维,
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因此这使我思考,
07:53
what if we could 3D print打印
your personalized个性化 polypill波利皮勒?
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如果我们可以3D打印
属于你的复方药片呢?
07:56
So instead代替 of taking服用
six medications药物治疗, for example,
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比如说:将六种药物合成一种药物,
07:59
I could integrate整合 them into one.
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而不是分别服用六种药物。
08:00
So it would be easier更轻松 to take,
improve提高 adherence附着
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这样一来,服药者
便会很容易坚持服药,
08:03
and potentially可能, it could even
integrate整合 in supplements补品,
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集成药物甚至可能带来补药的作用。
08:05
like vitamin维他命 D or CoQcoq10.
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例如维生素D或者双酶。
08:09
So with some help --
I call these "IntelliMeds英泰利梅兹" --
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在一些帮助下,
我称之为“综合药物”--
08:12
and with the help of my
IntelliMedicine智能医疗 engineering工程 team球队,
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并且在我“综合药物”
工程组的帮助下,
08:14
we built内置 the first
IntelliMedicine智能医疗 prototype原型 printer打印机.
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我们建造了第一个
“综合药物”打印机的原型。
08:17
And here's这里的 how it works作品:
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它的具体工作是:
08:19
instead代替 of full充分 tablets平板电脑,
we have small micromeds,
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相比于整个药物,我们
选用了其中的一小部分,
08:21
one or two milligrams毫克 each,
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每个1或2毫克,
08:23
which哪一个 are sorted分类 and selected
based基于 on the dose剂量 and combination组合
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它们基于病人所需的
08:26
needed需要 for an individual个人.
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剂量和组合被选择及整理。
08:27
And of course课程, these would be
doses剂量 and combinations组合
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当然,这些根据剂量和
组合选择出来的药物
08:30
you could already已经 take together一起,
FDA-approvedFDA批准 drugs毒品.
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都是美国FDA通过的
你已经可以服用的药物。
08:32
We could change更改 the pharmacokinetics药 代 动力学
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我们可以通过对不同元素分类到
08:34
by professionally专业 layering分层 on different不同
elements分子 to the individual个人 micromeds.
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单个微小的药物来改变
药物(代谢)动力学。
08:39
And when we hit击中 print打印,
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当我们按下打印键时,
08:41
you print打印 your combination组合 of medications药物治疗
that might威力 be needed需要 by you
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你可以在任何时间根据自己的需要,
08:44
on any individual个人 day.
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打印药物组合。
08:46
And we'd星期三 start开始 with, again, generic通用 drugs毒品
for the most common共同 problems问题.
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之后,针对最常见的问题,
我们以仿制药为起始点。
08:50
About 90 percent百分 of prescribed规定 drugs毒品 today今天
are low-cost低成本 generics仿制药.
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现在大约90%的处方药
是低成本的仿制药。
08:53
And once一旦 we've我们已经 printed印刷的 the pill,
we can do some fun开玩笑 bells钟声 and whistles口哨.
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一旦我们打印出药片,
我们可以做一些有趣的事情。
08:57
We could print打印 the name名称 of the patient患者,
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我们可以打印出病人的名字,
08:59
the date日期, the day of the week, a QRqr code.
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日期,星期以及二维码。
09:02
We could print打印 different不同 meds吃药 for tapering尖细
for a patient患者 on a steroid类固醇 taper锥体,
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对于一个使用类固醇锥体的病人,
我们可以打印出不同的药物
09:06
or tapering尖细 from pain疼痛 medications药物治疗.
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或者逐渐减少止痛药的使用。
09:08
So, this is actually其实 a look at our
prototype原型 IntelliMedicine智能医疗 printer打印机.
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这实际上是我们的
综合药物打印机的原型。
09:13
See, unveil揭开 it here.
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看,在这里揭开真相。
09:15
It has about 16 different不同 silos筒仓,
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它有16个不同的筒仓,
09:18
each containing individual个人 micromeds.
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每个都包含单独的微型药物。
09:22
And I can now adjust调整 on the software软件
individual个人 dosings剂量.
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现在我可以调整软件上
的个人剂量。
09:26
And when I do that,
the robotic机器人 arm will adjust调整
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当我这样做的时候,
机器人手臂会调整
09:30
the height高度 of these spansules斯帕努莱斯
and the micromeds will release发布.
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这些扳手的高度,
然后微型药物就会释放。
09:33
I can now --
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我现在可以--
09:35
The automated自动化 process处理
would rotate回转 and cycle周期 through通过,
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自动化过程需要旋转和循环,
09:37
to make sure the micromeds are loaded.
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以保证微型药物被装载。
09:39
And when I hit击中 print打印,
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当我按下打印时,
09:41
these will all fall秋季 through通过 the device设备,
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这些都将通过设备,
09:43
I now pull out my
personalized个性化 printed印刷的 polypill波利皮勒,
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现在,我生成了我个性化
印出的复合药片,
09:47
with the doses剂量
and medications药物治疗 meant意味着 for me.
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其剂量和药物正好适合我。
09:51
And we can take a look,
if you look back to the slides幻灯片,
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如果你回头看幻灯片,我们看一下,
09:54
you can see the whole整个 process处理,
we can see the drug药物 silos筒仓 being存在 selected,
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你可以看到整个过程,
我们可以看到药物筒仓被选中,
09:58
the pills doing down the different不同 silos筒仓,
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药丸被装在不同的筒仓里,
10:00
and being存在 collected
in the individual个人 capsule胶囊.
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再被单独的每个胶囊收集。
10:02
Now, this is great,
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一切顺利,
10:04
I can potentially可能
print打印 my meds吃药 based基于 on me,
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可能的话,我可以打印出
任何我想要的药片。
10:06
instead代替 of taking服用 six pills.
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而不是服用六个药片。
10:08
I can now be looking
at my individual个人 dosing剂量,
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我现在可以看到我个人的剂量,
10:11
my smartwatch斯特沃特 is looking
at my blood血液 pressure压力,
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我的智能手表正在检测我的血压,
10:13
I needed需要 an adjustment调整
in my blood血液 pressure压力 medicines药品,
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我的血压药需要进行调整,
10:16
my coumadin香豆 level水平, my blood血液 is too thin,
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我的香豆素水平出了问题,
我的血液含量过于稀薄,
10:18
so I lower降低 my micromed米梅德
dose剂量 of coumadin香豆, a blood血液 thinner更薄.
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因此,我减少服用香豆素,
一种血液稀释剂。
10:22
So, this could be
smartly巧妙 adapted适应, day to day,
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智能适应每一天,
10:24
programmed程序 by my physician医师
or cardiologist心脏病.
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具体程序有我的医生
或者心脏病医生编写。
10:27
And you can imagine想像 that larger printers打印机,
fast快速 printers打印机 like this,
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你可以想象一个更大的打印机,
跟这个打印机一样快的打印机。
10:30
could be in your corner pharmacy药店,
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可以在你街角的药房,
10:33
in your doctor's医生 office办公室,
in a rural乡村 clinic诊所.
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在你医生的办公室,
在一个乡村诊所里。
10:35
But it could eventually终于 merge合并 and shrink收缩
to small ones那些, that could be in your home,
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它最终会出现并缩小到
可以被你的家所容纳,
10:39
with integrated集成 cartridges墨盒 like this,
that are delivered交付 by drone无人驾驶飞机.
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像这样由无人机运送的集成墨盒,
10:43
Could print打印 your personalized个性化 polypill波利皮勒,
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将有可能打印出为你
量身定制的复合药片,
10:45
each morning早上 on your kitchen厨房
or your bathroom浴室 cabinet内阁.
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每天早上在你的厨房
或者你的浴室橱柜。
10:48
And this could evolve发展, I think,
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并且我认为这可能会进化成
10:50
into an incredible难以置信 way to improve提高
adherence附着 in medications药物治疗 across横过 the globe地球.
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一种不可思议的方法来
改进全球药物依从性。
10:54
So, I hope希望 we can reimagine重新构想
the future未来 of medicine医学 in new ways方法,
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所以,我希望我们能切换视角,
重新想象医学的未来,
10:58
moving移动 from polypharmacy聚药业,
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从多药疗法,
10:59
one-size-fits-all一个尺寸适合所有人,
low adherence附着, complications并发症
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以一敌百的,依从性低的,并发症
11:03
to an era时代 of personalized个性化,
precise精确, on-demand一经请求 medications药物治疗,
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进入到个人的,精确的,
随需应变的药物的时代。
11:07
that can take us
and individualize赋予个性 our own拥有 health健康
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这可以让我们个性化我们自己的健康
11:10
and health健康 and medicine医学 around the planet行星.
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和地球上的健康和医学。
11:13
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
(掌声)
11:14
(Applause掌声)
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11:21
Host主办: Daniel丹尼尔, that's kind of awesome真棒.
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主持人:丹尼尔,真是太棒了。
11:23
Really cool.
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太酷了。
11:25
Question for you, though虽然.
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不过我有个问题要问你。
11:26
How long is it until直到, say, that
nursing-home养老院 patient患者 that you mentioned提到
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比如说,你提到的那位
疗养院病人还要多久
11:30
is able能够 to print打印
their pills in their home?
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才能够在家中打印药物?
11:32
Daniel丹尼尔 Kraft卡夫: Well, again,
this is just a prototype原型.
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丹尼尔·克拉夫特: 嗯,
再次声明,这只是一个原型。
11:35
We think that the regulatory监管 route路线
be automated自动化 compounding复利,
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我们认为监管途径是自动复方,
11:38
and especially特别 in nursing看护 homes家园,
folks乡亲 are taking服用 multiple medications药物治疗,
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尤其是在养老院,人们正在服用多种药物,
而且那些药物经常会混在一起,
11:41
and they're often经常 mixed up,
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所以这是开始这些技术的最好地方。
11:43
so it would be a perfect完善 place地点
to start开始 with these technologies技术.
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它们一开始不会从
浴室柜台上开始进化。
11:46
These aren't going to evolve发展 and start开始
with printers打印机 on your bathroom浴室 counter计数器.
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我们需要在如何推广这些东西方面
变得聪明,
11:50
We need to be intelligent智能 and smart聪明
about how we roll these things out,
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但要意识到,在剂量、坚持治疗
和精确度方面存在如此多的挑战,
11:53
but realizing实现 there's so many许多 challenges挑战
with dosing剂量, adherence附着 and precision精确,
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现在我们有了这些惊人的新技术
11:57
and now that we have
all these amazing惊人 new technologies技术
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11:59
that can integrate整合 and be leveraged杠杆,
I think we need approaches方法 like this
to really catalyze催化 and foster培育
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可以被整合和利用。
我认为我们需要这样的方法
12:01
I think we need approaches方法 like this
to really catalyze催化 and foster培育
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来进行真正的催化和培养
12:04
a true真正 future未来 of health健康 and medicine医学.
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健康和医学的真正未来。
主持人:好的,谢谢。
丹尼尔·卡夫特: 谢谢。
12:06
Host主办: Great, thank you.
DKDK: Thanks谢谢.
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(掌声)
12:08
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Homer Li
Reviewed by jacks jun

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Kraft - Physician scientist
Daniel Kraft is a physician-scientist, inventor and entrepreneur. He is the founder and chair of Exponential Medicine and has served as faculty chair for Medicine at Singularity University since its inception, exploring the impact and potential of rapidly developing technologies as applied to health and medicine.

Why you should listen

Dr. Daniel Kraft is a Stanford and Harvard trained physician-scientist with more than 25 years of experience in clinical practice, biomedical research and innovation. He is Faculty Chair for Medicine at Singularity University and is the founder and chair for Exponential Medicine, a program which explores convergent, rapidly developing technologies and their potential to reshape the future of health and biomedicine.

After medical school at Stanford, Kraft was board certified in both Internal Medicine and Pediatrics following residency at the Massachusetts General Hospital & Boston Children's Hospital, and he completed Stanford fellowships in hematology/oncology & bone marrow transplantation. He is a member of the inaugural class of Aspen Institute Health Innovators Fellows.

Kraft has extensive research in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine with multiple scientific publications, medical device, immunology and stem cell-related patents through faculty positions with Stanford University School of Medicine and as clinical faculty for the pediatric bone marrow transplantation service at University of California San Francisco. 

Kraft recently founded IntelliMedicine, focused on connected, data-driven and integrated personalized medicine. He is the inventor of the MarrowMiner, an FDA-approved device for the minimally invasive harvest of bone marrow, and he founded RegenMed Systems, a company developing technologies to enable adult stem cell-based regenerative therapies. He is an advisor the XPRIZE (having conceived of the Medical Tricorder XPRIZE and is helping lead a new Cancer focused prize), and advises several digital health and technology companies.

Kraft is an avid pilot and served for 14 years as an officer and flight surgeon with F-15 and F-16 fighter squadrons in the Air National Guard. He has conducted research on aerospace medicine that was published with NASA, with whom he was a finalist for astronaut selection.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Kraft | Speaker | TED.com