ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moriba Jah - Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable.

Why you should listen

All kinds of junk are floating around in space -- old satellites, rockets, other man-made debris -- that pose an increasing danger to space missions. Astrodynamicist Moriba Jah monitors this orbital debris with ASTRIAGraph, a software that tracks the positions and speeds of objects in Earth’s orbit. Jah's vision is for AstriaGraph to become a crowd-sourced citizen-science platform that will make information about space traffic openly available to future generations. His ultimate goal is to make space safe, secure and sustainable.

More profile about the speaker
Moriba Jah | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Moriba Jah: The world's first crowdsourced space traffic monitoring system

莫里巴·杰: 世界上第一个众包太空交通监控系统

Filmed:
1,581,310 views

“我们送到外太空的大部分东西再也不会回来了,”天体动力学家、TED 成员莫里巴·杰说道。在这篇前瞻性的演讲中,杰描述了环绕地球的太空高速公路,以及它们是如何被太空垃圾占据的。观看视频了解更多关于他开发和扩展世界上第一个众包空间交通监控系统的探索——以及这个系统如何帮助解决近地空间的碎片问题。
- Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
I am an astrodynamicist天体动力学家 --
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我是一个天体力学家,
00:15
you know, like that guy Rich丰富 Purnell珀内尔
in the movie电影 "The Martian火星."
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就像《火星救援》里的瑞奇·珀内尔。
00:19
And it's my job工作 to study研究 and predict预测
motion运动 of objects对象 in space空间.
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而我的工作就是研究并预测
太空中物体的运动轨迹。
00:27
Currently目前 we track跟踪 about one percent百分
of hazardous危险 objects对象 on orbit轨道 --
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当前我们正在追踪轨道上
大约百分之一的危险物体——
00:33
hazardous危险 to services服务 like location位置,
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那些比如威胁到定位服务、
00:36
agriculture农业, banking银行业,
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农业、银行业、
00:39
television电视 and communications通讯,
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通信与电话业、
00:41
and soon不久 -- very soon不久 --
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并且很快——比你想的要快,
00:43
even the internet互联网 itself本身.
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会威胁到互联网本身的物体。
00:45
Now these services服务 are not protected保护
from, roughly大致, half a million百万 objects对象
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目前这些服务设施
暴露在大约 50 万
00:52
the size尺寸 of a speck斑点 of paint涂料
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从一粒油漆
00:55
all the way to a school学校 bus总线 in size尺寸.
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直到校车大小物体的威胁中。
00:58
A speck斑点 of paint涂料,
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一点油漆
01:00
traveling旅行 at the right speed速度,
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以适当的速度运行时,
01:03
impacting影响 one of these objects对象,
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撞击其中一个设备,
01:04
could render给予 it absolutely绝对 useless无用.
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可能让它彻底报废。
01:08
But we can't track跟踪 things
as small as a speck斑点 of paint涂料.
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但我们无法跟踪像一块油漆
那么小的东西。
01:12
We can only track跟踪 things
as small as say, a smartphone手机.
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我们只能跟踪到小至,比如说
智能手机那样的东西。
01:17
So of this half million百万 objects对象
that we should be concerned关心 about,
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所以在这 50 万
我们应该关心的物体中,
01:22
we can only track跟踪
about 26,000 of these objects对象.
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我们只能跟踪其中的 26000 个。
01:26
And of these 26,000,
only 2,000 actually其实 work.
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而这 26000 个中,
只有 2000 个真正有用。
01:33
Everything else其他
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其他
01:35
is garbage垃圾.
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都是垃圾。
01:38
That's a lot of garbage垃圾.
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有很多的垃圾。
01:40
To make things a little bit worse更差,
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让事情变得更糟糕的是,
01:43
most of what we launch发射 into orbit轨道
never comes back.
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我们发射到轨道的
大部分物体永远不会返回。
01:49
We send发送 the satellite卫星 in orbit轨道,
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我们把卫星发射到轨道,
01:52
it stops停止 working加工, it runs运行 out of fuel汽油,
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它停止了工作,燃料用尽,
01:55
and we send发送 something else其他 up ...
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然后我们发射其他的上去……
01:57
and then we send发送 up something else其他 ...
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接着又发射其他的上去……
02:00
and then something else其他.
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一波接一波。
02:01
And every一切 once一旦 in a while,
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每隔一段时间,
02:03
two of these things
will collide碰撞 with each other
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其中两个物体会相互碰撞
02:05
or one of these things will explode爆炸,
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或者其中一个物体会爆炸,
02:07
or even worse更差,
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或者更糟糕,
02:08
somebody might威力 just happen发生 to destroy破坏
one of their satellites卫星 on orbit轨道,
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有人可能恰好在轨道
摧毁他们的一颗卫星,
02:13
and this generates生成 many许多, many许多 more pieces,
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这产生了更多的碎片,
02:17
most of which哪一个 also never come back.
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很多碎片再也不会回到地球。
02:20
Now these things are not
just randomly随机 scattered疏散 in orbit轨道.
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如今这些物体不仅只是
随机散落在轨道,
02:25
It turns out that given特定
the curvature曲率 of space-time时空,
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实际上,给定时空的曲率,
02:28
there are ideal理想 locations地点
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存在一些理想的位置
02:30
where we put some of these satellites卫星 --
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可以放置一些卫星——
02:32
think of these as space空间 highways公路.
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可以把这些位置
想象成太空高速公路。
02:37
Very much like highways公路 on earth地球,
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非常像地球上的高速公路,
02:39
these space空间 highways公路 can only take up
a maximum最大值 capacity容量 of traffic交通
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这些太空高速公路只能
占用最大的运输能力
02:44
to sustain支持 space-safe空间安全 operations操作.
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来维持空间的安全运作。
02:49
Unlike不像 highways公路 on earth地球,
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不像地球上的高速公路,
02:51
there are actually其实 no space空间 traffic交通 rules规则.
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这里事实上没有太空交通规则。
02:53
None没有 whatsoever任何, OK?
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一点儿也没有。
02:57
Wow.
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喔。
03:00
What could possibly或者 go wrong错误 with that?
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这能有什么问题呢?
03:02
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:04
Now, what would be really nice不错
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如果我们有像太空交通地图
03:06
is if we had something
like a space空间 traffic交通 map地图,
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那样的东西会很棒,
03:10
like a Waze瓦泽 for space空间 that I could look up
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比如 Waze 太空地图可以让我
03:13
and see what the current当前
traffic交通 conditions条件 are in space空间,
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看到太空的交通状况,
甚至能进行预测。
03:16
maybe even predict预测 these.
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03:17
The problem问题 with that, however然而,
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但问题在于,
03:19
is that ask five different不同 people,
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问 5 个不同的人,
03:24
"What's going on in orbit轨道?
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“轨道现在怎样了?
03:25
Where are things going?"
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这些物体去哪了?”
03:27
and you're probably大概 going to get
10 different不同 answers答案.
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你可能会得到 10 个不同的答案。
03:29
Why is that?
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为什么会那样?
03:31
It's because information信息 about things
on orbit轨道 is not commonly常用 shared共享 either.
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因为轨道上物体的信息
并没有充分共享。
03:37
So what if we had a globally全球 accessible无障碍,
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那么,如果我们有一个
全球可访问的、
03:39
open打开 and transparent透明
space空间 traffic交通 information信息 system系统
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开放和透明的空间交通信息系统,
03:43
that can inform通知 the public上市
of where everything is located位于
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可以告知公众物体的位置,
03:46
to try to keep space空间 safe安全 and sustainable可持续发展?
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以保证太空安全和可持续会怎样呢?
03:49
And what if the system系统 could be used
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如果这个系统可以用来
03:52
to form形成 evidence-based循证
norms规范 of behavior行为 --
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形成以证据为基础的行为规范——
03:55
these space空间 traffic交通 rules规则?
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这些太空交通规则,会怎样呢?
03:57
So I developed发达 ASTRIAGraphASTRIAGraph,
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所以我开发了 ASTRIAGraph,
04:00
the world's世界 first crowdsourced众包,
space空间 traffic交通 monitoring监控 system系统
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在德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校
诞生的世界首个
04:03
at the University大学 of Texas德州 at Austin奥斯汀.
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众包的太空交通监控系统。
04:06
ASTRIAGraphASTRIAGraph combines联合收割机 multiple sources来源
of information信息 from around the globe地球 --
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ASTRIAGraph 结合了来自
全球各地的信息源——
04:12
government政府, industry行业 and academia学术界 --
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政府部门,工业界和学术界——
04:13
and represents代表 this in a common共同 framework骨架
that anybody任何人 can access访问 today今天.
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并用今天任何人都可以访问
的公共框架进行展示。
04:19
Here, you can see 26,000 objects对象
orbiting轨道 the earth地球,
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在这里,你可以看到有 26000 个
绕地球运行的物体,
04:23
multiple opinions意见,
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来自不同的角度,
04:25
and it gets得到 updated更新 in near real真实 time.
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并以接近实时的速度更新。
04:28
But back to my problem问题
of space空间 traffic交通 map地图:
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但回到我的空间交通地图问题:
04:32
What if you only had information信息
from the US government政府?
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如果你只有美国政府的信息会怎样?
04:36
Well, in that case案件, that's what
your space空间 traffic交通 map地图 would look like.
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在这种情况下,这是你的
太空交通地图的样子。
04:39
But what do the Russians俄罗斯 think?
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但俄罗斯人会怎么想?
04:45
That looks容貌 significantly显著 different不同.
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这看起来就明显不同。
04:47
Who's谁是 right? Who's谁是 wrong错误?
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谁是对的?谁是错的?
04:50
What should I believe?
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我应该相信什么?
04:51
What could I trust相信?
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我应该信任谁?
04:52
This is part部分 of the issue问题.
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这是一部分问题。
04:55
In the absence缺席 of this framework骨架
to monitor监控 space-actor空间演员 behavior行为,
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缺乏这个框架来
监控太空物体行为,
05:03
to monitor监控 activity活动 in space空间 --
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去监控太空活动——
05:05
where these objects对象 are located位于 --
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这些设备的位置——
05:07
to reconcile调和 these inconsistencies不一致性
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去调和这些矛盾
05:10
and make this knowledge知识 commonplace平凡,
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和让这些知识变得司空见惯,
05:12
we actually其实 risk风险 losing失去 the ability能力
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我们其实是冒着失去
05:17
to use space空间 for humanity's人类的 benefit效益.
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太空用于人类福祉的风险。
05:22
Thank you very much.
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谢谢大家。
05:23
(Applause掌声 and cheers干杯)
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(鼓掌并欢呼)
Translated by psjmz mz
Reviewed by Lipeng Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moriba Jah - Space environmentalist
TED Fellow Moriba Jah studies and predicts the motion of objects in space in an effort to make space safe, secure, and sustainable.

Why you should listen

All kinds of junk are floating around in space -- old satellites, rockets, other man-made debris -- that pose an increasing danger to space missions. Astrodynamicist Moriba Jah monitors this orbital debris with ASTRIAGraph, a software that tracks the positions and speeds of objects in Earth’s orbit. Jah's vision is for AstriaGraph to become a crowd-sourced citizen-science platform that will make information about space traffic openly available to future generations. His ultimate goal is to make space safe, secure and sustainable.

More profile about the speaker
Moriba Jah | Speaker | TED.com