TED2019
Jacqueline Woodson: What reading slowly taught me about writing
杰奎琳·伍德森: 关于写作，慢读教会了我什么？
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1,877,936 views
慢读——用手指点着一字一句地读，甚至被告知不能这么做的时候——让杰奎琳·伍德森（Jacqueline Woodson）带我们进入了一个品味写书的生活。在这场生动的演讲中，她邀请我们放慢速度，欣赏那些故事——能够带领我们去到从未想过的地方、介绍我们认为不可能认识的人的故事。“这难道不就是找到了在一天即将结束时，不再感到孤单的方法，一种在我们离开之前创造改变的方法吗？”她这么说道。
Jacqueline Woodson - Writer
For Jacqueline Woodson, writing is a gift of joy not only to herself but also to her readers, who span all ages and backgrounds. Full bio
For Jacqueline Woodson, writing is a gift of joy not only to herself but also to her readers, who span all ages and backgrounds. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
A long time ago, there lived a Giant,
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在很久很久以前，有一个巨人，
00:16
a Selfish Giant, whose stunning garden
was the most beautiful in all the land.
was the most beautiful in all the land.
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一个拥有世界上最美花园
的自私巨人。
的自私巨人。
00:22
One evening, this Giant came home
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一天晚上，
巨人回到家里发现
巨人回到家里发现
00:24
and found all these children
playing in his garden,
playing in his garden,
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孩子们在他花园里嬉闹玩耍，
00:26
and he became enraged.
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他很生气。
00:28
"My own garden is my own garden!"
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“我的花园只属于我！”
00:32
the Giant said.
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巨人说道。
00:34
And he built this high wall around it.
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于是他在花园周围立起了高墙。
00:37
The author Oscar Wilde wrote the story
of "The Selfish Giant" in 1888.
of "The Selfish Giant" in 1888.
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这是奥斯卡·王尔德1888年写的
《自私的巨人》里的内容。
《自私的巨人》里的内容。
00:43
Almost a hundred years later, that Giant
moved into my Brooklyn childhood
moved into my Brooklyn childhood
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一百年后，这个“巨人”住进了
我在布鲁克林时的儿童时光后
我在布鲁克林时的儿童时光后
00:49
and never left.
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就再没有离开过。
00:51
I was raised in a religious family,
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我成长于一个宗教家庭，
00:53
and I grew up reading
both the Bible and the Quran.
both the Bible and the Quran.
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同时阅读了《圣经》和《古兰经》。
00:56
The hours of reading,
both religious and recreational,
both religious and recreational,
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我花在阅读以及理解宗教的时间，
出于宗教和娱乐目的，
出于宗教和娱乐目的，
01:00
far outnumbered the hours
of television-watching.
of television-watching.
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比看电视的时间都多。
01:03
Now, on any given day,
you could find my siblings and I
you could find my siblings and I
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无论何时，我和我的兄弟姐妹
01:06
curled up in some part
of our apartment reading,
of our apartment reading,
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都蜷在公寓的一个小角落进行阅读，
01:09
sometimes unhappily,
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有时并不开心，
01:11
because on summer days in New York City,
the fire hydrant blasted,
the fire hydrant blasted,
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因为在夏天，纽约市的消防栓
总会时不时地爆开，
总会时不时地爆开，
01:14
and to our immense jealousy,
we could hear our friends down there
we could hear our friends down there
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朋友们在楼下嬉戏玩耍的声音
沿着打开的窗户
沿着打开的窗户
01:18
playing in the gushing water,
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传到我们这边，
01:19
their absolute joy making its way up
through our open windows.
through our open windows.
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他们绝对的快乐
让我们非常地嫉妒。
让我们非常地嫉妒。
01:23
But I learned that the deeper
I went into my books,
I went into my books,
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但是后来我发现，
当我越来越专注于我手上的书本，
当我越来越专注于我手上的书本，
01:26
the more time I took with each sentence,
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花在每个句子上的时间越来越多时，
01:28
the less I heard the noise
of the outside world.
of the outside world.
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外界的声音就会越来越小。
01:31
And so, unlike my siblings,
who were racing through books,
who were racing through books,
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与其他快速读书的兄弟姐妹不同的是，
01:34
I read slowly --
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我读得很慢，
01:36
very, very slowly.
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非常非常慢，
01:39
I was that child with her finger
running beneath the words,
running beneath the words,
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我都是用手一个字一个字
顺着读下去的，
顺着读下去的，
01:43
until I was untaught to do this;
told big kids don't use their fingers.
told big kids don't use their fingers.
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直到我被告知，
大孩子在阅读时是不用手指的。
大孩子在阅读时是不用手指的。
01:48
In third grade, we were made to sit
with our hands folded on our desk,
with our hands folded on our desk,
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在三年级的时候，我们规定
要把双手叠放在课桌上，
要把双手叠放在课桌上，
01:51
unclasping them only to turn the pages,
then returning them to that position.
then returning them to that position.
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只有需要翻页时才能解除这个姿势，
然后翻完之后就要立马恢复原状。
然后翻完之后就要立马恢复原状。
01:57
Our teacher wasn't being cruel.
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我们的老师并不残忍。
01:59
It was the 1970s,
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那时是20世纪70年代，
02:01
and her goal was to get us reading
not just on grade level
not just on grade level
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老师的目标是让我们阅读
02:04
but far above it.
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超越本年级水平的书籍。
02:06
And we were always
being pushed to read faster.
being pushed to read faster.
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于是我们常常被老师要求
加快阅读速度。
加快阅读速度。
02:09
But in the quiet of my apartment,
outside of my teacher's gaze,
outside of my teacher's gaze,
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但是在老师触及不到的
我住的公寓里的一个安静角落，
我住的公寓里的一个安静角落，
02:13
I let my finger run beneath those words.
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我还是用手指着
一个字一个字地读书。
一个字一个字地读书。
02:15
And that Selfish Giant
again told me his story,
again told me his story,
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《自私的巨人》对我重述了他的故事，
02:18
how he had felt betrayed by the kids
sneaking into his garden,
sneaking into his garden,
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他是如何对这些偷溜进来的孩子
感到不尊重的，
感到不尊重的，
02:22
how he had built this high wall,
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他是如何建立起高高的围墙
02:24
and it did keep the children out,
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不让这些小孩子入内的，
02:27
but a grey winter fell over his garden
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而是同时，他的院子也因此变得荒芜，
02:29
and just stayed and stayed.
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这种情况也在一直持续下去。
02:32
With each rereading,
I learned something new
I learned something new
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每读一遍这个故事，
我都能发现一些新的东西
我都能发现一些新的东西
02:35
about the hard stones of the roads
that the kids were forced to play on
that the kids were forced to play on
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比如当孩子们被禁止进入花园时，
02:38
when they got expelled from the garden,
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他们是如何在碎石路上玩耍的，
02:41
about the gentleness of a small boy
that appeared one day,
that appeared one day,
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比如当某天那个小男孩出现时
所展示的礼貌，
所展示的礼貌，
02:44
and even about the Giant himself.
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甚至是巨人自己
所展示出的那种温柔。
所展示出的那种温柔。
02:46
Maybe his words weren't rageful after all.
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也许他的言辞并不是那么愤怒。
02:49
Maybe they were a plea for empathy,
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也许它们是一种对于同理心
02:52
for understanding.
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对于被理解的恳求。
02:54
"My own garden is my own garden."
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“我的花园只属于我。”
02:59
Years later, I would learn
of a writer named John Gardner
of a writer named John Gardner
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多年之后，我认识一位
名为约翰·加德纳的作者，
名为约翰·加德纳的作者，
03:02
who referred to this
as the "fictive dream,"
as the "fictive dream,"
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他把这种感觉称为“小说般的梦”，
03:04
or the "dream of fiction,"
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或者是“关于小说的梦”。
03:06
and I would realize that this
was where I was inside that book,
was where I was inside that book,
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这样的形容让我发现
我在书中就在这样的状态，
我在书中就在这样的状态，
03:09
spending time with the characters
and the world that the author had created
and the world that the author had created
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受邀与书中的角色一起
生活在作者所创造的世界中。
03:13
and invited me into.
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03:15
As a child, I knew that stories
were meant to be savored,
were meant to be savored,
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当我还是一个孩子的时候，
我就知道故事是需要品味的，
我就知道故事是需要品味的，
03:18
that stories wanted to be slow,
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阅读故事需要慢，
03:20
and that some author had spent months,
maybe years, writing them.
maybe years, writing them.
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一些作者花了好几个月
也许好几年才书写完这些故事。
也许好几年才书写完这些故事。
03:25
And my job as the reader --
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而我作为一名读者——
03:26
especially as the reader who wanted
to one day become a writer --
to one day become a writer --
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尤其是还怀揣着一个作家梦的读者——
03:30
was to respect that narrative.
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是去尊重那些故事。
03:33
Long before there was cable
or the internet or even the telephone,
or the internet or even the telephone,
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在有线电视、互联网甚至是电话
还没有问世的时代，
还没有问世的时代，
03:39
there were people sharing ideas
and information and memory through story.
and information and memory through story.
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人们通过故事分享想法、信息
甚至是记忆。
甚至是记忆。
03:43
It's one of our earliest forms
of connective technology.
of connective technology.
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这是我们最早的一种连接方式。
03:47
It was the story of something
better down the Nile
better down the Nile
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这是一个因为
对尼罗河下游的美好向往
对尼罗河下游的美好向往
03:50
that sent the Egyptians moving along it,
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促使埃及人
沿着尼罗河前进的故事，
沿着尼罗河前进的故事，
03:52
the story of a better way
to preserve the dead
to preserve the dead
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一个关于如何更好地保存死者
03:55
that brought King Tut's remains
into the 21st century.
into the 21st century.
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将图坦卡蒙的遗物带入21世纪的故事。
03:58
And more than two million years ago,
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在两百多万年以前，
04:00
when the first humans
began making tools from stone,
began making tools from stone,
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当第一批人类开始使用石器的时候，
04:04
someone must have said, "What if?"
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肯定有人说过，
“如果…怎么办？”
“如果…怎么办？”
04:06
And someone else remembered the story.
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而另外一些人记住了这个故事。
04:09
And whether they told it through words
or gestures or drawings,
or gestures or drawings,
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不管他们是通过语言、手势
还是作画等方式进行传播，
还是作画等方式进行传播，
04:12
it was passed down; remembered:
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这个故事得以被传承记录：
04:15
hit a hammer and hear its story.
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敲着锤子，听听它的故事。
04:19
The world is getting noisier.
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这个世界正变得越来越嘈杂。
04:21
We've gone from boomboxes
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我们从大型手提式录音机
04:23
to Walkmen to portable CD players
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换到随身听、便携式CD播放器
04:27
to iPods
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再到iPods
04:29
to any song we want, whenever we want it.
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又到了现在随时随地能够
听到想要听到的歌曲。
听到想要听到的歌曲。
04:32
We've gone from the four
television channels of my childhood
television channels of my childhood
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从我小时候只能看4个频道的电视
04:35
to the seeming infinity
of cable and streaming.
of cable and streaming.
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到现在无限的有线电视和流媒体。
04:39
As technology moves us faster and faster
through time and space,
through time and space,
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当科技推动着我们在时间和
空间中越行越快的时候，
空间中越行越快的时候，
04:44
it seems to feel like story
is getting pushed out of the way,
is getting pushed out of the way,
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故事仿佛逐渐被我们所遗忘，
04:47
I mean, literally pushed out
of the narrative.
of the narrative.
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我的意思是，从叙述中被挤了出来。
04:50
But even as our engagement
with stories change,
with stories change,
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但即使我们对故事的
互动方式发生了改变，
互动方式发生了改变，
04:54
or the trappings around it morph from book
to audio to Instagram to Snapchat,
to audio to Instagram to Snapchat,
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或者故事的载体从书本
变成了音频、Instagram、Snapchat
诸如此类的社交软件，
诸如此类的社交软件，
04:59
we must remember our finger
beneath the words.
beneath the words.
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我们也应该记得
用我们的手指逐一阅读。
用我们的手指逐一阅读。
05:02
Remember that story,
regardless of the format,
regardless of the format,
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记住那个故事，不管它的形式如何，
05:05
has always taken us to places
we never thought we'd go,
we never thought we'd go,
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总是会把我们带到我们
从没想过要去的地方，
从没想过要去的地方，
05:08
introduced us to people
we never thought we'd meet
we never thought we'd meet
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让我们认识我们从没
想过要去认识的人，
想过要去认识的人，
05:11
and shown us worlds
that we might have missed.
that we might have missed.
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向我们展示我们可能会错过的世界。
05:15
So as technology keeps moving
faster and faster,
faster and faster,
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所以即使技术推着我们
越来越快地向前走，
越来越快地向前走，
05:18
I am good with something slower.
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我也可以和一些慢的
事情相处愉快。
事情相处愉快。
05:21
My finger beneath the words
has led me to a life of writing books
has led me to a life of writing books
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我的逐字阅读让我进入
为所有年龄层用户写书的生涯，
05:25
for people of all ages,
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05:27
books meant to be read slowly,
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写这些需要慢慢读的书，
05:29
to be savored.
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意味深长的书。
05:31
My love for looking deeply
and closely at the world,
and closely at the world,
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我喜欢深入和密切地观察这个世界，
05:35
for putting my whole self into it,
and by doing so,
and by doing so,
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喜欢全身心地投入其中，凭此，
05:38
seeing the many, many
possibilities of a narrative,
possibilities of a narrative,
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去看到一个故事中的许多可能性，
05:42
turned out to be a gift,
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这是一份馈赠，
05:44
because taking my sweet time
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因为我所花的这些时间
05:46
taught me everything
I needed to know about writing.
I needed to know about writing.
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教给了我写作所需要
了解的所有事情。
了解的所有事情。
05:49
And writing taught me everything
I needed to know about creating worlds
I needed to know about creating worlds
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而写作教会了我创造
人们可听见和看到的世界
人们可听见和看到的世界
05:52
where people could be seen and heard,
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所需要了解的知识，
05:56
where their experiences
could be legitimized,
could be legitimized,
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在那里他们的经历可以合理化，
05:59
and where my story,
read or heard by another person,
read or heard by another person,
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在那里，我的故事可以
被另一个人阅读和听到，
被另一个人阅读和听到，
06:03
inspired something in them
that became a connection between us,
that became a connection between us,
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激发他们身上的东西从而
在我们之间建立连接，
在我们之间建立连接，
06:06
a conversation.
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和对话。
06:08
And isn't that what this is all about --
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这难道不就是它的本意——
06:11
finding a way, at the end of the day,
to not feel alone in this world,
to not feel alone in this world,
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找到一种方式，在一天结束的时候，
在这个世界不会感到孤单，
在这个世界不会感到孤单，
06:15
and a way to feel like
we've changed it before we leave?
we've changed it before we leave?
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一种在我们离开之前
感觉我们已经改变它的方式？
感觉我们已经改变它的方式？
06:20
Stone to hammer, man to mummy,
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石对锤，人对木乃伊，
06:23
idea to story --
and all of it, remembered.
and all of it, remembered.
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想法到故事——所有这些，被记住。
06:28
Sometimes we read
to understand the future.
to understand the future.
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有时候我们通过阅读来理解未来。
06:32
Sometimes we read to understand the past.
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有时候我们通过阅读来理解过去。
06:35
We read to get lost, to forget
the hard times we're living in,
the hard times we're living in,
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我们通过阅读来迷失，
来忘记生活中的艰难，
来忘记生活中的艰难，
06:39
and we read to remember
those who came before us,
those who came before us,
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我们通过阅读来记住前人，
06:42
who lived through something harder.
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那些经历更艰难的人。
06:44
I write for those same reasons.
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我写作也是出于同样的理由。
06:47
Before coming to Brooklyn, my family
lived in Greenville, South Carolina,
lived in Greenville, South Carolina,
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在来到布鲁克林之前，我的家人
住在南卡罗来纳州的格林维尔里
住在南卡罗来纳州的格林维尔里
06:52
in a segregated neighborhood
called Nicholtown.
called Nicholtown.
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一个叫尼科尔敦的种族隔离社区。
06:55
All of us there were
the descendants of a people
the descendants of a people
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我们的祖先
06:58
who had not been allowed
to learn to read or write.
to learn to read or write.
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从来不被允许去学习阅读和写作。
07:01
Imagine that:
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想象那个时候：
07:03
the danger of understanding
how letters form words,
how letters form words,
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了解字母如何构成话语的危险，
07:07
the danger of words themselves,
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话语本身的危险，
07:10
the danger of a literate people
and their stories.
and their stories.
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文化人和他们故事的危险。
07:15
But against this backdrop
of being threatened with death
of being threatened with death
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但是在这样因为坚持叙述
07:18
for holding onto a narrative,
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而受到死亡威胁的背景下，
07:21
our stories didn't die,
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我们的故事没有消失，
07:23
because there is yet another story
beneath that one.
beneath that one.
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因为这个故事下面还有另一个故事。
07:26
And this is how it has always worked.
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这是它一直以来的运作方式。
07:28
For as long as we've been communicating,
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只要我们保持沟通，
07:30
there's been the layering
to the narrative,
to the narrative,
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故事就会有层次，
07:32
the stories beneath the stories
and the ones beneath those.
and the ones beneath those.
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一个故事孕育另一个故事，
一个故事接着一个故事。
一个故事接着一个故事。
07:36
This is how story has and will
continue to survive.
continue to survive.
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这是故事过去和未来的生存之道。
07:41
As I began to connect the dots
that connected the way I learned to write
that connected the way I learned to write
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当我开始连接那些
我习得的写作方式、
我习得的写作方式、
07:45
and the way I learned to read
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和阅读方法的小圆点，
07:47
to an almost silenced people,
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并将其带给那些沉默寡言的人们时，
07:50
I realized that my story was bigger
and older and deeper
and older and deeper
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我意识到我的故事比我
格局更大、更加悠远、更加深入。
07:55
than I would ever be.
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07:57
And because of that, it will continue.
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而正因为如此，故事得以延续。
08:00
Among these almost-silenced people
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在这些沉默寡言的人里，
08:03
there were the ones
who never learned to read.
who never learned to read.
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有一些从来没有学习过阅读的人。
08:07
Their descendants, now generations
out of enslavement,
out of enslavement,
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他们的后代，如今几代人不再受奴役，
08:11
if well-off enough,
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如果足够富裕的话，
08:12
had gone on to college,
grad school, beyond.
grad school, beyond.
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能上大学，研究生，甚至更远。
08:16
Some, like my grandmother and my siblings,
seemed to be born reading,
seemed to be born reading,
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有些人，比如我的祖母和兄弟姐妹，
似乎生来就喜欢读书，
似乎生来就喜欢读书，
08:20
as though history
stepped out of their way.
stepped out of their way.
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仿佛历史已经为他们开辟了道路。
08:23
Some, like my mother, hitched onto
the Great Migration wagon --
the Great Migration wagon --
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有些人，像我母亲，搭上了
大迁徙的马车——
大迁徙的马车——
08:27
which was not actually a wagon --
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实际上不是真的马车——
08:29
and kissed the South goodbye.
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与南方吻别。
08:32
But here is the story within that story:
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但是在故事里面还有故事：
08:35
those who left and those who stayed
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那些离开的人，和那些留下的人
08:37
carried with them
the history of a narrative,
the history of a narrative,
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带着一段叙述的历史，
08:40
knew deeply that writing it down wasn't
the only way they could hold on to it,
the only way they could hold on to it,
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深深地知道把它写下来并不是
坚持下去的唯一方法，
坚持下去的唯一方法，
08:44
knew they could sit on their porches
or their stoops at the end of a long day
or their stoops at the end of a long day
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知道他们可以在漫长的一天结束后
坐在门廊或门廊上
坐在门廊或门廊上
08:49
and spin a slow tale for their children.
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为孩子们编一个漫长的故事。
08:52
They knew they could sing their stories
through the thick heat of picking cotton
through the thick heat of picking cotton
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他们知道他们可以在摘棉花
和收割烟草的酷热中
和收割烟草的酷热中
08:56
and harvesting tobacco,
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歌唱他们的故事，
08:58
knew they could preach their stories
and sew them into quilts,
and sew them into quilts,
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知道他们可以讲述他们的故事，
并将其缝进被子里，
并将其缝进被子里，
09:02
turn the most painful ones
into something laughable,
into something laughable,
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把最痛苦的事情变成可笑的事情，
09:06
and through that laughter,
exhale the history a country
exhale the history a country
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通过那个笑声，面对国家
09:08
that tried again and again and again
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一次、一次又一次
09:11
to steal their bodies,
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试图偷走他们的身体、
09:13
their spirit
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他们的精神及故事时
09:14
and their story.
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呼出历史。
09:17
So as a child, I learned
to imagine an invisible finger
to imagine an invisible finger
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当我还是一个孩子的时候，
我学会了想像一个无形的指头
我学会了想像一个无形的指头
09:21
taking me from word to word,
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带着我一个一个单词地读下去，
09:24
from sentence to sentence,
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一个一个句子的读下去，
09:27
from ignorance to understanding.
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从无知到理解。
09:30
So as technology continues to speed ahead,
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所以当科技持续在快速发展的时候，
09:34
I continue to read slowly,
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我的阅读速度也依旧很慢，
09:38
knowing that I am respecting
the author's work
the author's work
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因为我知道我是在尊重
这位作者的作品
这位作者的作品
09:41
and the story's lasting power.
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以及故事所具有的持续性的力量。
09:44
And I read slowly to drown out the noise
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我慢慢读以压过噪声
09:47
and remember those who came before me,
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并记住那些早于我的人，
09:51
who were probably the first people
who finally learned to control fire
who finally learned to control fire
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他们可能是最早学会控制火，
09:57
and circled their new power
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环绕着他们的火焰、
10:00
of flame and light and heat.
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光和热的新力量的人。
10:05
And I read slowly to remember
the Selfish Giant,
the Selfish Giant,
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我慢读记住《自私的巨人》这个故事，
10:09
how he finally tore that wall down
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他是如何把这座墙拆掉，
10:11
and let the children run free
through his garden.
through his garden.
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让孩子在他的花园里自由奔跑的。
10:15
And I read slowly to pay homage
to my ancestors,
to my ancestors,
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我读得很慢，用以致敬我的祖先，
10:19
who were not allowed to read at all.
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那些被禁止阅读的祖先。
10:22
They, too, must have circled fires,
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他们肯定也绕着火堆绕了一圈，
10:24
speaking softly of their dreams,
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轻声诉说他们的梦想，
10:28
their hopes, their futures.
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他们的希望，他们的未来。
10:32
Each time we read, write or tell a story,
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每当我们阅读、书写
或者诉说一个故事的时候，
或者诉说一个故事的时候，
10:37
we step inside their circle,
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我们走进了他们的圈子里，
10:40
and it remains unbroken.
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而它们也没有被破坏。
10:43
And the power of story lives on.
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故事的力量也得以保存。
10:48
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:49
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Woodson - WriterFor Jacqueline Woodson, writing is a gift of joy not only to herself but also to her readers, who span all ages and backgrounds.
Why you should listen
Despite being raised by "old-school Southerners" who would've preferred she embarked on a sensible career, award-winning author Jacqueline Woodson tells us that "I've known I wanted to be a writer since I was around seven years old. I loved everything about stories -- how they made me feel and think, the joy good ones brought both the listener and the teller, the double and deeper meanings ... I knew writing made me happiest, and wrote as often as I could.
"Now, when I'm not writing, I'm out speaking about writing. I write for young people and old people. I write for magazines, newspapers. I write speeches and plays. I do this because it's never not joyful for me."
Jacqueline Woodson | Speaker | TED.com