ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.

Why you should listen

By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)

In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.

More profile about the speaker
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Roger Ebert: Remaking my voice

羅傑·艾伯特(Roger Ebert ):重塑我的聲音。

Filmed:
1,268,513 views

影評人羅傑·艾伯特(Roger Ebert) 因為癌症失去了下顎,他不能咀嚼,也不能說話。但是,他的“聲音”還在。在下面這段感人的TED影片裡,請聽艾伯特和他的太太,以及幾位朋友娓娓道來他那不同尋常的故事。
- Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Roger羅傑 Ebert艾伯特: These are my words, but this is not my voice語音.
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下面的話是我說的,但卻不是我的聲音
00:18
This is Alex亞歷克斯, the best最好 computer電腦 voice語音
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聲音的名字叫 Alex,是我能找到的
00:20
I've been able能夠 to find,
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最好的電腦發音,
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which哪一個 comes as standard標準 equipment設備 on every一切 Macintosh蘋果.
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每台蘋果電腦上都有的基本功能
00:25
For most of my life,
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我的前半生,
00:27
I never gave a second第二 thought to my ability能力 to speak說話.
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從未擔心過自己說話的能力,
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It was like breathing呼吸.
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說話就像呼吸一樣自然。
00:32
In those days, I was living活的 in a fool's傻瓜的 paradise天堂.
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那些日子裡,我無憂無慮。
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After surgeries手術 for cancer癌症
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抗癌治療後,
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took away my ability能力 to speak說話, eat or drink,
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我失去了講話、咀嚼和喝水的能力。
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I was forced被迫 to enter輸入 this virtual虛擬 world世界
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我被迫進入了
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in which哪一個 a computer電腦 does some of my living活的 for me.
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電腦發音的虛擬世界。
00:45
For several一些 days now,
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幾天來﹐ 在TED,
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we have enjoyed享受 brilliant輝煌 and articulate說出 speakers音箱 here at TEDTED.
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我們聆聽那些精彩的、抑揚頓挫的演講。
00:50
I used to be able能夠 to talk like that.
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曾經,我也可以那樣演講。
00:52
Maybe I wasn't as smart聰明,
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就算我沒那麼聰敏,
00:54
but I was at least最小 as talkative貧嘴.
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但也算侃侃而談。
00:56
I want to devote奉獻 my talk today今天
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我多麼想用自己的聲音
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to the act法案 of speaking請講 itself本身,
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來做今天的演講,
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and how the act法案 of speaking請講 or not speaking請講
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然而,講與不能講,
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is tied so indelibly不可磨滅 to one's那些 identity身分
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是兩種極不同的身份,
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as to force the birth分娩 of a new person
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當你不能發出聲音,
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when it is taken採取 away.
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你被強迫變成另一個人。
01:08
However然而, I've found發現 that listening to a computer電腦 voice語音
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而我覺得聆聽電腦發音,
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for any great length長度 of time
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不論長短,
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can be monotonous單調.
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都很單調。
01:14
So I've decided決定 to recruit some of my TEDTED friends朋友
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所以我邀請一些我在TED的朋友,
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to read my words aloud高聲 for me.
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來口述我所想說的話。
01:19
I will start開始 with my wife妻子, Chaz查茲.
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先由我太太Chaz開始。
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Chaz查茲 Ebert艾伯特: It was Chaz查茲 who stood站在 by my side
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Chaz Ebert:“在我三次重建下巴,
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through通過 three attempts嘗試 to reconstruct重建 my jaw
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和重建談話能力的期間,
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and restore恢復 my ability能力 to speak說話.
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都是 Chaz 陪在我身旁。
01:34
Going into the first surgery手術
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我的第一次手術,
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for a recurrence循環 of salivary唾液 cancer癌症
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是唾液腺癌復發時,
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in 2006,
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當時是2006,
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I expected預期 to be out of the hospital醫院
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當時電視台在等我出院
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in time to return返回 to my movie電影 review評論 show顯示,
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回去主持我的影評節目
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'Ebert艾伯特 and RoeperRoeper at the Movies電影.'
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‘艾伯特和羅特論電影’
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I had pre-taped預錄製 enough足夠 shows節目
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為了應付我為期六週的手術,
01:50
to get me through通過 six weeks of surgery手術
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和之後的恢復期,
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and recuperation休養.
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已經預先錄了六週的節目。
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The doctors醫生 took a fibula腓骨 bone from my leg
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醫生從我腿上取走了一塊腓骨,
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and some tissue組織 from my shoulder
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從我肩膀裡取走了一些組織,
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to fashion時尚 into a new jaw.
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來重建我的下巴。
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My tongue, larynx and vocal聲音的 cords
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我的舌頭,喉嚨和聲帶,
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were still healthy健康 and unaffected未受影響.
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不受影響,仍然健康。
02:09
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
02:12
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
02:23
CECE: I was optimistic樂觀,
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當時我很樂觀,
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and all was right with the world世界.
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覺得一切都好。
02:27
The first surgery手術 was a great success成功.
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第一次手術很成功。
02:30
I saw myself in the mirror鏡子
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我看看鏡子裡的自己,
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and I looked看著 pretty漂亮 good.
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看上去還不錯。
02:35
Two weeks later後來, I was ready準備 to return返回 home.
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兩周後,我準備回家時,
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I was using運用 my iPodiPod的
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我用我的iPod,
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to play the Leonard倫納德 Cohen科恩 song歌曲
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播放了Leonard Cohen的一首歌,
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'I'm Your Man'人'
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叫“我是你的男人”,
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for my doctors醫生 and nurses護士.
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放給我的醫生和護士聽。
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Suddenly突然, I had an episode插曲 of catastrophic災難性的 bleeding流血的.
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突然我開始大出血
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My carotid頸動脈 artery動脈 had ruptured破裂.
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我的頸動脈爆裂了。
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Thank God I was still in my hospital醫院 room房間
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謝天謝地,當時我還在醫院房間,
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and my doctors醫生 were right there.
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我的醫生都還在,
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Chaz查茲 told me
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太太Chaz告訴我,
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that if that song歌曲 hadn't有沒有 played發揮 for so long,
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要不是那首歌播的時間夠久,
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I might威力 have already已經 been in the car汽車, on the way home,
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我可能已經在回家的車上,
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and would have died死亡 right there and then.
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當場就把命丟了。
03:11
So thank you, Leonard倫納德 Cohen科恩,
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唉,謝謝 Leonard Cohen,
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for saving保存 my life.
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謝謝你救了我的命啊。
03:16
(Applause掌聲)
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(觀眾鼓掌)
03:20
There was a second第二 surgery手術 --
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再來是第二次手術,
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which哪一個 held保持 up for five or six days
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持續了五六天
03:24
and then it also fell下跌 apart距離.
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但後來還是失敗了。
03:27
And then a third第三 attempt嘗試,
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第三次手術,
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which哪一個 also patched修補 me back together一起 pretty漂亮 well,
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嘗試將我下巴修復,
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until直到 it failed失敗.
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但仍以失敗告終。
03:36
A doctor醫生 from Brazil巴西 said
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一個來自巴西的醫生說
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he had never seen看到 anyone任何人 survive生存
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他從沒見過我這種
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a carotid頸動脈 artery動脈 rupture破裂.
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頸動脈爆裂還活下來的人。
03:44
And before I left the hospital醫院,
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我在醫院整整待了一年
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after a year of being存在 hospitalized住院,
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才出院
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I had seven ruptures破裂
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總共經歷過7次
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of my carotid頸動脈 artery動脈.
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頸動脈爆裂。
03:54
There was no particular特定 day
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再也沒有
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when anyone任何人 told me
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任何人告訴我
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I would never speak說話 again;
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我能重新講話;
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it just sort分類 of became成為 obvious明顯.
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因為大家都看得出是怎麼回事。
04:03
Human人的 speech言語
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人類的聲音
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is an ingenious巧妙 manipulation操作 of our breath呼吸
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是由精密控制口腔
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within the sound聲音 chamber of our mouth
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和呼吸系統裡的呼吸
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and respiratory呼吸 system系統.
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而發出的。
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We need to be able能夠 to hold保持 and manipulate操作 that breath呼吸
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講話時,我們需要控制呼吸
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in order訂購 to form形成 sounds聲音.
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從而發聲。
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Therefore因此, the system系統
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因而,發聲系統
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must必須 be essentially實質上 airtight密閉
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必須緊密
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in order訂購 to capture捕獲 air空氣.
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才能控制空氣。
04:28
Because I had lost丟失 my jaw,
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而我失去了下顎,
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I could no longer form形成 a seal密封,
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我的口腔漏氣,
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and therefore因此 my tongue
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因此我的舌頭
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and all of my other vocal聲音的 equipment設備
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以及其他的發聲器官
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was rendered呈現 powerless無力.
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都無力回天。
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Dean院長 Ornish歐尼斯: At first for a long time,
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Dean Ornish: "有挺長的一段時間,
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I wrote messages消息 in notebooks筆記本電腦.
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我只能在本子上寫話。
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Then I tried試著 typing打字 words on my laptop筆記本電腦
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後來我試著在手提電腦上打字
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and using運用 its built內置 in voice語音.
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讓電腦裡的發音軟體來念。
04:49
This was faster更快,
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這快多了,
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and nobody沒有人 had to try to read my handwriting手寫.
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別人也不用再嘗試閱讀我的筆跡了。
04:53
I tried試著 out various各個 computer電腦 voices聲音 that were available可得到 online線上,
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我試遍了所有網上的電腦發音軟體,
04:56
and for several一些 months個月 I had a British英國的 accent口音,
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有段時間用的是英式發音的,
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which哪一個 Chaz查茲 called Sir先生 Lawrence勞倫斯."
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Chaz尊稱它Lawrence先生。
05:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
05:02
"It was the clearest最明顯 I could find.
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那是當時最清楚的一款發音了。
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Then Apple蘋果 released發布 the Alex亞歷克斯 voice語音,
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隨後,蘋果發佈了Alex版發音軟體,
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which哪一個 was the best最好 I'd heard聽說.
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是我認為效果最好的一款
05:08
It knew知道 things like the difference區別
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Alex知道
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between之間 an exclamation感嘆 point and a question mark標記.
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驚歎號和問號的句子讀出來不一樣。
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When it saw a period, it knew知道 how to make a sentence句子
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看到句號時,它知道怎麼斷句
05:14
sound聲音 like it was ending結尾 instead代替 of staying up in the air空氣.
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讀出來的聲音就是降調的而不是繼續懸在空中。
05:18
There are all sorts排序 of htmlHTML codes代碼 you can use
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有各種HTML編碼
05:20
to control控制 the timing定時 and inflection拐點 of computer電腦 voices聲音,
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用來管理電腦發聲的時間和音調,
05:23
and I've experimented試驗 with them.
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那些我都試過。
05:25
For me, they share分享 a fundamental基本的 problem問題: they're too slow.
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但是對我來說,他們的共同問題是太慢了。
05:28
When I find myself in a conversational對話的 situation情況,
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比如我在跟人交流時,
05:31
I need to type類型 fast快速 and to jump right in.
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我就得打字飛快反應迅速。
05:35
People don't have the time or the patience忍耐
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但是別人沒時間或者耐心
05:37
to wait for me to fool傻子 around with the codes代碼
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等著我和那些代碼玩
05:39
for every一切 word or phrase短語.
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每個字每句話都得那樣
05:41
But what value do we place地點 on the sound聲音 of our own擁有 voice語音?
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但是我們自己的聲音價值何在呢?
05:44
How does that affect影響 who you are as a person?
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它對我們的形象有什麽影響?
05:47
When people hear Alex亞歷克斯 speaking請講 my words,
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每次人們聽到電腦Alex替我說話時,
05:49
do they experience經驗 a disconnect斷開?
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他們會不會覺得很遙遠生硬?
05:51
Does that create創建 a separation分割 or a distance距離
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會不會因此讓我
05:53
from one person to the next下一個?
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和人們產生距離或隔閡?
05:56
How did I feel not being存在 able能夠 to speak說話?
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不能講話的感受是怎樣的?
05:58
I felt, and I still feel,
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我能一直感覺到,
06:00
a lot of distance距離 from the human人的 mainstream主流.
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跟人群、社會脫節。
06:02
I've become成為 uncomfortable不舒服 when I'm separated分離 from my laptop筆記本電腦.
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一離開我的手提電腦我就不自在。
06:06
Even then, I'm aware知道的 that most people have little patience忍耐
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即使那樣,我也能感覺到人們對我講話障礙
06:08
for my speaking請講 difficulties困難.
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沒啥耐心
06:11
So Chaz查茲 suggested建議 finding發現 a company公司 that could make a customized定制 voice語音
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之後我的太太Chaz建議最好能找一家公司給我量身打造我的聲音
06:14
using運用 my TV電視 show顯示 voice語音
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從30年來
06:16
from a period of 30 years年份.
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我做的節目裡選我的聲音。
06:18
At first I was against反對 it.
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最開始我反對。
06:20
I thought it would be creepy爬行
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我覺得會害怕
06:22
to hear my own擁有 voice語音 coming未來 from a computer電腦.
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聽到自己的聲音從電腦裡出來。
06:24
There was something comforting欣慰的 about a voice語音 that was not my own擁有.
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我還是習慣電腦發出的聲音不是我自己的。
06:27
But I decided決定 then to just give it a try.
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但最後我還是決定試試。
06:29
So we contacted聯繫 a company公司 in Scotland蘇格蘭
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於是我們聯絡了一家在蘇格蘭的公司
06:31
that created創建 personalized個性化 computer電腦 voices聲音.
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他們的專業是個人化電腦發音。
06:34
They'd他們會 never made製作 one from previously-recorded之前錄製 materials物料.
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他們從來沒有從錄製資料裡提取過語音。
06:37
All of their voices聲音 had been made製作 by a speaker揚聲器
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他們所用的一般都是
06:39
recording記錄 original原版的 words in a control控制 booth.
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直接在他們的錄音室錄製的談話。
06:41
But they were willing願意 to give it a try.
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但他們決定一試。
06:43
So I sent發送 them many許多 hours小時 of recordings錄音 of my voice語音,
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於是我把以前我節目裡的的聲音發給他們,
06:46
including包含 several一些 audio音頻 commentary評論 tracks軌道
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包括一些電影DVD
06:48
that I'd made製作 for movies電影 on DVDsDVD光盤.
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裏面的一些我的評論。
06:51
And it sounded滿面 like me, it really did.
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確實聽著像我自己的聲音。
06:53
There was a reason原因 for that; it was me.
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因為那就是我啊。
06:56
But it wasn't that simple簡單.
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那是製作也沒那麼簡單。
06:58
The tapes磁帶 from my TV電視 show顯示 weren't very useful有用
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那些來自我電視節目的資料並不好用
07:01
because there were too many許多 other kinds of audio音頻 involved參與 --
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因為裏面夾雜太多別的聲音--
07:04
movie電影 soundtracks配樂, for example, or Gene基因 SiskelSiskel arguing爭論 with me --
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比如電影背景音或者Gene Siskel和我爭吵的聲音。
07:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
07:09
and my words often經常 had a particular特定 emphasis重點
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因為有時我說一些字句時特別用力
07:11
that didn't fit適合 into a sentence句子 well enough足夠.
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不太適合重新組合成新句子。
07:14
I'll let you hear a sample樣品 of that voice語音.
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我讓大家先聽聽當時製作的聲音。
07:16
These are a few少數 of the comments註釋 I recorded記錄 for use
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來自我和太太
07:19
when Chaz查茲 and I appeared出現 on the Oprah奧普拉 Winfrey溫弗瑞 program程序.
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有次參加Oprah Winfrey的節目。
07:22
And here's這裡的 the voice語音 we call Roger羅傑 JrJR.
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下面這段聲音我叫他 羅傑初級版,
07:24
or Roger羅傑 2.0.
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或者羅傑2.0版。
07:27
Roger羅傑 2.0: Oprah奧普拉, I can't tell you how great it is
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羅傑2.0版:Oprah,我無法形容
07:29
to be back on your show顯示.
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回到你節目有多麼棒。
07:32
We have been talking for a long time,
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我們以前聊過很多,
07:35
and now here we are again.
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現在又開聊啦。
07:37
This is the first version of my computer電腦 voice語音.
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這是我電腦發音的初級版。
07:40
It still needs需求 improvement起色,
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還需改進,
07:42
but at least最小 it sounds聲音 like me
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但是至少聽著像我了
07:44
and not like HALHAL 9000.
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而不是什麽HAL 9000。
07:47
When I heard聽說 it the first time,
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我第一次聽的時候,
07:49
it sent發送 chills畏寒 down my spine脊柱.
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一身雞皮疙瘩。
07:52
When I type類型 anything,
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我打字輸入,
07:54
this voice語音 will speak說話 whatever隨你 I type類型.
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它就按我打的開始念。
07:56
When I read something, it will read in my voice語音.
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我讀什麽,它就用我的聲音讀什麽。
07:59
I have typed類型 these words in advance提前,
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我把要說的提前打出來,
08:02
as I didn't think it would be thrilling驚險
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因為我覺得看一個人坐在那裡打字
08:04
to sit here watching觀看 me typing打字.
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不是什麼令人興奮的畫面。
08:06
The voice語音 was created創建 by a company公司 in Scotland蘇格蘭
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這個聲音是蘇格蘭一家公司為我定制,
08:09
named命名 CereProcCereProc.
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公司叫CereProc.
08:11
It makes品牌 me feel good
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我感覺還不錯
08:13
that many許多 of the words you are hearing聽力 were first spoken
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而且很多你們現在聽到的發音都是合成的
08:16
while I was commenting評論 on "Casablanca卡薩布蘭卡"
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用的是我在《卡撒布蘭卡》
08:19
and "Citizen公民 Kane凱恩."
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和《大國民》的錄音。
08:22
This is the first voice語音 they've他們已經 created創建 for an individual個人.
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這也是他們公司第一次為專人製作聲音。
08:25
There are several一些 very good voices聲音 available可得到 for computers電腦,
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雖然電腦發音好幾個版本都很好聽,
08:28
but they all sound聲音 like somebody else其他,
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但是都是別人的聲音啊。
08:31
while this voice語音 sounds聲音 like me.
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只有這個是我自己的。
08:34
I plan計劃 to use it on television電視, radio無線電
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於是我打算在電視、廣播
08:37
and the Internet互聯網.
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還有網上用。
08:39
People who need a voice語音 should know
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大家應該知道,
08:42
that most computers電腦 already已經 come with built-in內建的 speaking請講 systems系統.
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很多電腦都自帶發音系統。
08:45
Many許多 blind people use them
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很多盲人也用
08:47
to read pages網頁 on the Web捲筒紙 to themselves他們自己.
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有助於他們瀏覽網頁。
08:50
But I've got to say, in first grade年級,
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但我得說,一年级的时候
08:52
they said I talked too much,
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他們抱怨我話多,
08:54
and now I still can.
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我現在還是這樣。
08:56
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
08:59
Roger羅傑 Ebert艾伯特: As you can hear, it sounds聲音 like me,
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你聽,確實聽著像我,
09:02
but the words jump up and down.
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但是發音忽高忽低,
09:04
The flow isn't natural自然.
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語調不自然。
09:06
The good people in Scotland蘇格蘭 are still improving提高 my voice語音,
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蘇格蘭公司的人還在改進我的聲音,
09:09
and I'm optimistic樂觀 about it.
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我也很樂觀。
09:11
But so far, the Apple蘋果 Alex亞歷克斯 voice語音
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但目前,蘋果的Alex發音
09:13
is the best最好 one I've heard聽說.
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是我聽到的最好的了。
09:15
I wrote a blog博客 about it
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我發表過一篇部落格
09:17
and actually其實 got a comment評論 from the actor演員 who played發揮 Alex亞歷克斯.
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給Alex語音錄製聲音的人留言給我。
09:20
He said he recorded記錄 many許多 long hours小時 in various各個 intonations語調
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他說他錄製了很久,各種語調都錄
09:23
to be used in the voice語音.
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以備各種情況。
09:25
A very large sample樣品 is needed需要.
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需要大量發音樣本。
09:28
John約翰 Hunter獵人: All my life I was a motormouthmotormouth.
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John Hunter: "曾經的我多麼健談,
09:31
Now I have spoken my last words,
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而我也不記得何時,
09:34
and I don't even remember記得 for sure
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我說出了最後一句話
09:36
what they were.
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也不記得說了什麽。
09:38
I feel like the hero英雄 of that Harlan哈倫 Ellison埃利森 story故事
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我感覺像Harlan Ellison故事里的主人公
09:41
titled標題 "I Have No Mouth and I Must必須 Scream吶喊."
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“我沒有嘴,卻必須喊”
09:45
On Wednesday星期三, David大衛 Christian基督教 explained解釋 to us
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週三的時候,David Christian還給我們講過
09:48
what a tiny instant瞬間 the human人的 race種族 represents代表
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和浩翰的宇宙相比
09:51
in the time-span時間跨度 of the universe宇宙.
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人類文明史多麼短暫
09:53
For almost幾乎 all of its millions百萬 and billions數十億 of years年份,
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在它數百萬年﹐ 數十億年的歷史中
09:56
there was no life on Earth地球 at all.
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地球上沒有生命。
09:59
For almost幾乎 all the years年份 of life on Earth地球,
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而在地球有生命的時間裡,
10:02
there was no intelligent智能 life.
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也沒有高等生物。
10:04
Only after we learned學到了 to pass通過 knowledge知識
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而當人類開始傳承知識後
10:06
from one generation to the next下一個,
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一代又一代,
10:08
did civilization文明 become成為 possible可能.
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人類文明才得以發展。
10:10
In cosmological宇宙 terms條款,
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要是跟浩翰的宇宙比,
10:12
that was about 10 minutes分鐘 ago.
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那也不過是10分鐘之前的事。
10:15
Finally最後 came來了 mankind's人類的 most advanced高級 and mysterious神秘 tool工具,
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而現在居然誕生了人類最進步和神秘的工具,
10:19
the computer電腦.
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就是電腦。
10:21
That has mostly大多 happened發生 in my lifetime一生.
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基本上是我長大後才有。
10:24
Some of the famous著名 early computers電腦
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著名的早期電腦
10:26
were being存在 built內置 in my hometown家鄉 of Urbana厄巴納,
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在我故鄉厄巴纳製造,
10:29
the birthplace出生地 of HALHAL 9000.
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也是HAL 9000誕生之地。
10:32
When I heard聽說 the amazing驚人 talk
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週三時,
10:34
by Salman薩爾曼 Khan on Wednesday星期三,
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聽到Salman Khan的演講,
10:36
about the Khan Academy學院 website網站
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關於Khan學院網站
10:38
that teaches hundreds數以百計 of subjects主題 to students學生們 all over the world世界,
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給世界各地的學生傳授各種知識
10:41
I had a flashback倒敘.
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是我回憶起
10:43
It was about 1960.
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在1960年的時候
10:46
As a local本地 newspaper報紙 reporter記者 still in high school學校,
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當時我是一名新聞記者,仍在上高中
10:49
I was sent發送 over to the computer電腦 lab實驗室 of the University大學 of Illinois伊利諾伊
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我去了伊利諾伊大學的電腦室
10:52
to interview訪問 the creators創作者
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進行採訪
10:54
of something called PLATOPLATO.
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PLATO的開發者
10:56
The initials聲母 stood站在 for Programmed程序 Logic邏輯
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PLATO是自動教學程式的編寫邏輯
10:58
for Automated自動化 Teaching教學 Operations操作.
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的縮寫
11:02
This was a computer-assisted計算機輔助 instruction指令 system系統,
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是一種電腦輔助教學系統
11:05
which哪一個 in those days ran on a computer電腦 named命名 ILLIACILLIAC.
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當時在ILLIAC電腦上運行。
11:08
The programmers程序員 said it could assist助攻 students學生們 in their learning學習.
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開發者說那個系統可以協助學生學習。
11:12
I doubt懷疑, on that day 50 years年份 ago,
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我懷疑50年前的那天,
11:15
they even dreamed夢見 of what Salman薩爾曼 Khan has accomplished完成.
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他們想也想不到今日Salman Khan的成就。
11:19
But that's not the point.
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但這不是重點
11:21
The point is PLATOPLATO was only 50 years年份 ago,
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重點是PLATO系統僅僅50年前
11:24
an instant瞬間 in time.
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也是很短的時間
11:26
It continued繼續 to evolve發展 and operated操作 in one form形成 or another另一個
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但是PLATO就演變了好幾代
11:29
on more and more sophisticated複雜的 computers電腦,
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所用電腦系統也更加的複雜
11:32
until直到 only five years年份 ago.
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知道5年前
11:34
I have learned學到了 from Wikipedia維基百科
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我從維基百科上獲知
11:36
that, starting開始 with that humble謙卑 beginning開始,
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他們從當時簡單的起點,
11:39
PLATOPLATO established既定 forums論壇, message信息 boards,
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到現在已經建立自己的論壇、留言板、
11:42
online線上 testing測試,
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線上測試、
11:44
email電子郵件, chat rooms客房,
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郵箱和聊天室
11:46
picture圖片 languages語言, instant瞬間 messaging消息,
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圖片文字、即時通訊,
11:49
remote遠程 screen屏幕 sharing分享
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遠距影片分享
11:51
and multiple-player多玩家 games遊戲.
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多人遊戲。
11:54
Since以來 the first Web捲筒紙 browser瀏覽器 was also developed發達 in Urbana厄巴納,
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還有第一個網頁瀏覽器的產地也是在Urbana
11:57
it appears出現 that my hometown家鄉
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所以我的家鄉
11:59
in downstate唐斯泰特 Illinois伊利諾伊
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即伊利諾伊南部
12:01
was the birthplace出生地
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居然是各種
12:03
of much of the virtual虛擬, online線上 universe宇宙 we occupy佔據 today今天.
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我們今天試用的網絡工具的誕生地。
12:06
But I'm not here from the Chamber商會 of Commerce商業.
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但我並不是代表我們商會來推銷啊。
12:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
12:10
I'm here as a man who wants to communicate通信.
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我來這裡是來交流的。
12:13
All of this has happened發生 in my lifetime一生.
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上述這些都是發生在我有生之年
12:16
I started開始 writing寫作 on a computer電腦 back in the 1970s
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我在70年代就開始在電腦上寫字
12:19
when one of the first Atech埃泰克 systems系統 was installed安裝
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那會用的還是第一代Atech系統
12:22
at the Chicago芝加哥 Sun-Times太陽時報.
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當時我在芝加哥太陽時報。
12:25
I was in line at Radio無線電 Shack窩棚
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我在Radio Shack商店排隊
12:27
to buy購買 one of the first Model模型 100's.
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購買第一代的Model 100's。
12:30
And when I told the people in the press room房間 at the Academy學院 Awards獎項
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我在奧斯卡金像獎被採訪的時候,
12:33
that they'd他們會 better install安裝 some phone電話 lines for Internet互聯網 connections連接,
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我告訴人們要裝一些電話撥號上網,
12:36
they didn't know what I was talking about.
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他們都不知道我在講什麽。
12:39
When I bought my first desktop桌面,
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我買第一台桌上型電腦時,
12:41
it was a DECDEC Rainbow彩虹.
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是一台DEC Rainbow機。
12:43
Does anybody任何人 remember記得 that?"
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還有誰記得它?
12:45
(Applause掌聲)
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(觀眾鼓掌)
12:48
"The Sun太陽 Times sent發送 me to the Cannes戛納電影節 Film電影 Festival
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太陽時報派我去坎城電影節
12:50
with a portable手提 computer電腦 the size尺寸 of a suitcase手提箱
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讓我帶著個像手提皮箱大小的“移動式”式電腦
12:54
named命名 the PorteramPorteram TelebubbleTelebubble.
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叫做Porteram Telebubble
12:56
I joined加盟 CompuServeCompuServe公司
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我還加入了Compuserve(美國信息服務機構)
12:58
when it had fewer numbers數字
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當時他們的會員很少
13:00
than I currently目前 have followers追隨者 on Twitter推特.
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還沒有我現在Twitter微博上關注我的人多呢。
13:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
13:06
CECE: All of this has happened發生
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太太:所有這一切
13:08
in the blink of an eye.
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彷彿發生在轉瞬間。
13:10
It is unimaginable不可思議
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難以想像,
13:12
what will happen發生 next下一個.
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以後會有什麽出現。
13:14
It makes品牌 me incredibly令人難以置信 fortunate幸運
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我非常幸運
13:17
to live生活 at this moment時刻 in history歷史.
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可以能活在這個歷史性的時刻。
13:19
Indeed確實, I am lucky幸運 to live生活 in history歷史 at all,
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說真的,能活在歷史裡已經很幸運了
13:22
because without intelligence情報 and memory記憶
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因為如果沒有智能和記憶
13:25
there is no history歷史.
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就沒有歷史。
13:27
For billions數十億 of years年份,
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億萬年來,
13:29
the universe宇宙 evolved進化
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整個宇宙自轉運作
13:31
completely全然 without notice注意.
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從來沒人注意過。
13:33
Now we live生活 in the age年齡 of the Internet互聯網,
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但現在我們活在網路時代,
13:36
which哪一個 seems似乎 to be creating創建 a form形成 of global全球 consciousness意識.
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全球化意識來臨
13:39
And because of it,
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也因為此,
13:41
I can communicate通信
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我可以如常
13:43
as well as I ever could.
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與人交流。
13:45
We are born天生 into a box
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我們這個時代像
13:47
of time and space空間.
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時空交叉的盒子
13:50
We use words and communication通訊
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我們用文字和交流
13:52
to break打破 out of it
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來突破它
13:54
and to reach達到 out to others其他.
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來接觸到其他人
13:57
For me, the Internet互聯網 began開始
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對我來說,網路開始的時候
13:59
as a useful有用 tool工具
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只是一種工具
14:01
and now has become成為 something I rely依靠 on
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現在卻成了生活的依賴
14:04
for my actual實際 daily日常 existence存在.
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以維持我的存在
14:07
I cannot不能 speak說話;
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我不能講話,
14:09
I can only type類型 so fast快速.
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我只能飛快打字。
14:12
Computer電腦 voices聲音
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電腦發音的交流
14:14
are sometimes有時 not very sophisticated複雜的,
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有時候比較單調,
14:17
but with my computer電腦,
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但是我使用電腦,
14:19
I can communicate通信 more widely廣泛
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就可以更廣泛的與人交流
14:21
than ever before.
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這在以前可沒有。
14:23
I feel as if my blog博客,
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我的部落格
14:26
my email電子郵件, Twitter推特 and FacebookFacebook的
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我的電郵,推特和臉書
14:29
have given特定 me a substitute替代
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取代了我
14:31
for everyday每天 conversation會話.
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的日常對話。
14:34
They aren't an improvement起色,
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這不算什麼進步,
14:36
but they're the best最好 I can do.
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但已經是我有的最好的了。
14:38
They give me a way to speak說話.
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它們賦予我一種表達方式。
14:41
Not everybody每個人 has the patience忍耐
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並不是每個人都和我太太 Chaz 一樣
14:44
of my wife妻子, Chaz查茲.
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有耐心
14:48
But online線上,
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但是在網上,
14:49
everybody每個人 speaks說話 at the same相同 speed速度.
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大家書寫的速度是一樣的
14:54
This whole整個 adventure冒險
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這些嘗試
14:56
has been a learning學習 experience經驗.
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都是學習的過程。
14:58
Every一切 time there was a surgery手術 that failed失敗,
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每當我手術失敗的時候,
15:01
I was left with a little less flesh and bone.
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我下巴的肉和骨頭都更少了
15:04
Now I have no jaw left at all.
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現在根本就沒有下巴了
15:07
While harvesting收穫 tissue組織 from both my shoulders肩膀,
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手術移植我肩膀上的組織,
15:10
the surgeries手術 left me with back pain疼痛
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導致背痛
15:12
and reduced減少 my ability能力 to walk步行 easily容易.
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牽制了我的行走能力。
15:16
Ironic諷刺 that my legs are fine,
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諷刺的是我的腿還好,
15:18
and it's my shoulders肩膀 that slow up my walk步行.
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是我的肩膀使我行走困難。
15:21
When you see me today今天,
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看看今日的我
15:23
I look like the Phantom幻影 of the Opera歌劇.
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我簡直是《歌劇魅影》的主角
15:25
But no you don't.
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不,你不像。
15:27
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
15:29
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
15:39
It is human人的 nature性質 to look at someone有人 like me
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當人們看到我的模樣
15:42
and assume承擔 I have lost丟失 some of my marbles彈子.
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很自然地覺得我的只能也不如往常
15:46
People --
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人們...
15:57
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
16:03
People talk loudly高聲 --
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人們講話大聲
16:05
I'm so sorry.
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抱歉
16:07
Excuse藉口 me.
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抱歉
16:09
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
16:13
People talk loudly高聲 and slowly慢慢地 to me.
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人們把聲音放大,速度減低
16:17
Sometimes有時 they assume承擔 I am deaf.
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有時他們覺得我聾了。
16:20
There are people who don't want to make eye contact聯繫.
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有些人不願意和我做目光交流
16:24
Believe me, he didn't mean this as --
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相信我,他的意思不是 --
16:26
anyway無論如何, let me just read it.
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不管如何,讓我念完
16:28
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
16:33
You should never let your wife妻子 read something like this.
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沒有人應該讓自己的太太朗讀這種東西的。
16:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(觀眾笑)
16:40
It is human人的 nature性質
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人類的本性是
16:42
to look away from illness疾病.
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把頭在疾病面前別開
16:45
We don't enjoy請享用 a reminder提醒
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我們不喜歡有人來提醒
16:47
of our own擁有 fragile脆弱 mortality死亡.
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自己隨時可能面臨死亡的事實
16:50
That's why writing寫作 on the Internet互聯網
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所以在網路上寫作
16:52
has become成為 a lifesaver救星 for me.
380
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成了我的救命法寶
16:54
My ability能力 to think and write
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我思考和寫作的能力
16:57
have not been affected受影響.
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並不受影響
16:59
And on the Web捲筒紙, my real真實 voice語音 finds認定 expression表達.
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在網路上,我真正的話語有了表達的途徑
17:02
I have also met會見 many許多 other disabled people
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我也碰到了一些用這種方法溝通的
17:05
who communicate通信 this way.
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殘障人士
17:08
One of my Twitter推特 friends朋友
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我在推特上有一個好友
17:10
can type類型 only with his toes腳趾.
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他只能用腳趾打字
17:12
One of the funniest最有趣 blogs博客 on the Web捲筒紙
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網路上最搞笑的一個部落格
17:14
is written書面 by a friend朋友 of mine
389
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是我一個朋友寫的
17:16
named命名 Smartass聰明的驢子 Cripple削弱.
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他叫“殘而聰明”
17:18
(Laughter笑聲)
391
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(觀眾笑)
17:20
Google谷歌 him and he will make you laugh.
392
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試著Google他,他的部落格會博你一笑。
17:23
All of these people are saying, in one way or another另一個,
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這些人在各種場合都說
17:25
that what you see
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眼睛所能見到的
17:27
is not all you get.
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不是事物的全部。
17:29
So I have not come here to complain抱怨.
396
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我不是來這裡抱怨的
17:32
I have much to make me happy快樂 and relieved安心.
397
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我有很多讓我開心放鬆的東西
17:35
I seem似乎, for the time being存在,
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我似乎暫時
17:37
to be cancer-free癌症免費.
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沒有癌症威脅
17:39
I am writing寫作 as well as ever.
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我像以往一樣寫作
17:41
I am productive生產的.
401
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也很多產
17:43
If I were in this condition條件 at any point
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如果我現在的狀況
17:46
before a few少數 cosmological宇宙 instants瞬間 ago,
403
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在以前的話
17:49
I would be as isolated孤立 as a hermit隱士.
404
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那我會是獨居的隱者
17:52
I would be trapped被困 inside my head.
405
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自我糾結
17:54
Because of the rush of human人的 knowledge知識,
406
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正因為人類知識快速發展,
17:57
because of the digital數字 revolution革命,
407
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還有數位革命
17:59
I have a voice語音,
408
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才讓我有了“聲音”
18:01
and I do not need to scream驚叫.
409
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不用呐喊
18:05
RE回覆: Wait. I have one more thing to add.
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最後,我還有一事要說
18:10
A guy goes into a psychiatrist心理醫生.
411
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有一個人去找精神科醫生
18:12
The psychiatrist心理醫生 says, "You're crazy."
412
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精神病醫生對他說“你瘋了”
18:15
The guy says, "I want a second第二 opinion意見."
413
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那個人說“還有其它診斷嗎”
18:18
The psychiatrist心理醫生 says, "All right, you're ugly醜陋."
414
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精神病醫生對他說“好吧,你醜死了“
18:22
(Laughter笑聲)
415
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(觀眾笑)
18:25
You all know the test測試 for artificial人造 intelligence情報 -- the Turing圖靈 test測試.
416
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大家都知道這是人工智能搞的鬼--Turing測試
18:29
A human人的 judge法官 has a conversation會話
417
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如果是一個人嘗試分辨
18:31
with a human人的 and a computer電腦.
418
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人和機器的聲音
18:33
If the judge法官 can't tell the machine apart距離 from the human人的,
419
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如果分辨不出機器和人的話
18:36
the machine has passed通過 the test測試.
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機器不就蒙混過關了嗎
18:39
I now propose提出 a test測試 for computer電腦 voices聲音 -- the Ebert艾伯特 test測試.
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現在我用我的電腦發音參加Ebert測試
18:43
If a computer電腦 voice語音 can successfully順利 tell a joke玩笑
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如果電腦發音能成功的說個笑話
18:46
and do the timing定時 and delivery交貨 as well as Henny亨尼 Youngman年輕人,
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說笑的口氣和時機能像Henny Youngman一樣
18:49
then that's the voice語音 I want.
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那就是我想要的聲音了。
18:51
(Applause掌聲)
425
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Cindy Yang
Reviewed by Jenny Yang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Roger Ebert - Film critic and blogger
After losing the power to speak, legendary film critic Roger Ebert went on to write about creativity, race, politics and culture -- and film, just as brilliantly as ever.

Why you should listen

By any measure, Roger Ebert was a legend. The first person to win a Pulitzer for film criticism, as film critic for the Chicago Sun-Times, he was best known for his decades-long reign as the co-host of Sneak Previews, a TV show with fellow Chicago critic Gene Siskel. For 23 years and three title changes (finally settling on Siskel and Ebert and the Movies) the two critics offered smart, short-form film criticism that guided America's moviegoing. After Gene Siskel died in 1999, Ebert kept on with critic Richard Roeper. (And he was also the co-screenwriter of the Russ Meyer cult classic Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, a fact that astounded more than a few young film students.)

In 2006, Ebert began treatment for thyroid cancer. He told the story of his many surgeries and setbacks in an immensely-worth-reading Esquire story in 2010. Enduring procedure after procedure, he eventually lost the lower part of his jaw -- and with it his ability to eat and speak. Turning to his blog and to Twitter, he found a new voice for his film work and his sparkling thoughts on ... just about everything. He tried his hand as an Amazon affiliate, became a finalist in the New Yorker caption contest, and started a controversy or two. In 2013 Ebert passed away from cancer at the age of 70.

More profile about the speaker
Roger Ebert | Speaker | TED.com