TEDxSydney
Bronwyn King: You may be accidentally investing in cigarette companies
布朗溫金恩: 你可能在不知不覺間投資了菸草公司
Filmed:
Readability: 4.5
2,880,250 views
香菸每年會造成七百萬人死亡——而我們當中有許多人共謀的程度遠超過自己的所知。在這場大膽的演說中，布朗溫金恩醫生告訴我們她如何發現菸草產業和全球金融部門之間的緊密關係，金融部門透過大銀行、保險業者以及退休基金，將我們的資金投資給菸草公司。來了解金恩醫生如何點燃一個全球運動，帶動不投資在菸草公司的運動，以及若要終止這種流行病，我們每個人應該扮演什麼角色。
Bronwyn King - Oncologist, tobacco-free advocate
Dr. Bronwyn King on a mission to save a billion lives -- from tobacco, the greatest preventable cause of premature death. Full bio
Dr. Bronwyn King on a mission to save a billion lives -- from tobacco, the greatest preventable cause of premature death. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
In 2001, I was a brand new, shiny doctor,
planning to save the world.
planning to save the world.
0
1540
5368
2001 年，我是位閃亮的
醫界新星，打算要來拯救世界。
醫界新星，打算要來拯救世界。
00:19
My first job was working for three months
on a lung cancer unit.
on a lung cancer unit.
1
7563
4267
我的第一份工作是為
一個肺癌單位工作三個月。
一個肺癌單位工作三個月。
00:24
Nearly all of my patients
were smokers or ex-smokers,
were smokers or ex-smokers,
2
12241
3396
我的病人幾乎全都是抽菸者
或過去曾是抽菸者，
或過去曾是抽菸者，
00:27
and most of them had started
smoking when they were children
smoking when they were children
3
15661
3516
且大部分都從小時候或青少年時期
00:31
or in their early teens.
4
19201
1722
就開始抽菸了。
00:33
And despite living
in a beautiful, wealthy country,
in a beautiful, wealthy country,
5
21427
3587
儘管住在一個美麗、富裕的國家，
00:37
with access to the most
sophisticated medicines,
sophisticated medicines,
6
25038
3738
能夠取得最精密的醫學，
00:40
nearly every single one
of my patients died.
of my patients died.
7
28800
3000
我的病人還是幾乎全都死亡了。
00:44
Everyone knows tobacco is bad,
8
32331
1945
人人都知道香菸不好，
00:46
but when you see the impact
firsthand, day-by-day,
firsthand, day-by-day,
9
34300
3055
但當你每天都能
第一手看到抽菸的影響，
第一手看到抽菸的影響，
00:49
it leaves a very deep impression.
10
37379
2420
會留下非常深的印象。
00:52
Ten years later,
I'm a radiation oncologist,
I'm a radiation oncologist,
11
40895
3277
十年後，我成了
一位放射線腫瘤學家，
一位放射線腫瘤學家，
00:56
fully aware of the suffering
caused by tobacco.
caused by tobacco.
12
44196
3301
我非常清楚知道
香菸所帶來的苦難。
香菸所帶來的苦難。
00:59
I'm sitting at the hospital cafeteria,
having my first ever meeting
having my first ever meeting
13
47990
3999
我坐在醫院內的咖啡廳，
這是我第一次
這是我第一次
01:04
with a representative
from my superannuation fund.
from my superannuation fund.
14
52013
3072
和我的退休基金的代表人會面。
01:07
It was thrilling,
I'm sure you can imagine.
I'm sure you can imagine.
15
55109
2071
會面非常扣人心弦，
相信各位都能想像。
相信各位都能想像。
01:09
(Laughter)
16
57204
1540
（笑聲）
01:10
He tells me I'm in the default option.
17
58768
2611
他告訴我，我用的是預設的選項。
01:13
And I said, "Option? Does that mean
there are other options?"
there are other options?"
18
61403
3157
我說：「選項？意思是說
還有其他的選項？」
還有其他的選項？」
01:16
He looked at me,
rolled his eyes, and said,
rolled his eyes, and said,
19
64584
3722
他看著我，轉動了
他的眼睛，然後說：
他的眼睛，然後說：
01:20
"Well, there is this one greenie option
20
68330
2976
「嗯，是有另一個
比較綠色環保的選項，
比較綠色環保的選項，
01:23
for people who have a problem with
investing in mining, alcohol or tobacco."
investing in mining, alcohol or tobacco."
21
71330
4619
可以給對投資礦業、
菸酒產業有意見的人。」
菸酒產業有意見的人。」
01:29
I said, "Did you just say tobacco?"
22
77307
1699
我說：「你剛說菸業？」
01:31
He said, "Yes."
23
79030
1150
他說：「是的。」
01:32
I said, "So, are you telling me
I'm currently investing in tobacco?"
I'm currently investing in tobacco?"
24
80673
3444
我說：「你的意思是說，
我目前正在投資菸業？」
我目前正在投資菸業？」
01:36
And he said, "Oh, yes, everyone is."
25
84141
2928
他說：「喔，是啊，
大家都有投資菸業。」
大家都有投資菸業。」
01:40
When you invest in a company,
you own part of that company.
you own part of that company.
26
88292
3816
當你投資一家公司時，
就表示你擁有那家公司的一部分。
就表示你擁有那家公司的一部分。
01:44
You want that company to grow
and succeed and thrive.
and succeed and thrive.
27
92589
3460
你會希望那家公司能
成長、成功、茁壯。
成長、成功、茁壯。
01:48
You want that company
to attract new customers,
to attract new customers,
28
96073
2492
你會希望那家公司能吸引新客戶，
01:50
you want that company
to sell more of its products.
to sell more of its products.
29
98589
2643
你會希望那家公司
能賣出更多它的產品。
能賣出更多它的產品。
01:54
And when it comes to tobacco,
30
102046
1555
至於香菸，
01:55
I couldn't think of anything
that I wanted less.
that I wanted less.
31
103625
3267
它實在是我最不想要的東西了。
01:59
Now, I know you can only see
one person standing here
one person standing here
32
107846
2509
我知道你們只能看見
在這巨大舞台上
在這巨大舞台上
02:02
on this big red dot,
on this enormous stage.
on this enormous stage.
33
110379
3000
有個大紅點，
大紅點上站了一個人。
大紅點上站了一個人。
02:05
But instead, I would like you to imagine
34
113942
3092
但，我希望你們能想像一下，
02:09
that you're looking
at seven million people
at seven million people
35
117942
3572
想像你們正在看著七百萬人，
02:13
crammed up here beside me today.
36
121538
3039
今天在這裡擠在我旁邊。
02:17
Seven million people across the world
have died as a result of tobacco
have died as a result of tobacco
37
125538
6753
光是去年，全世界
因為香菸而死的人
因為香菸而死的人
02:24
in the past year alone.
38
132315
2357
就有七百萬人。
02:27
Just imagine, if a brand new industry
were launched today,
were launched today,
39
135776
2826
想像一下，如果有一個
全新的產業，今天才誕生，
全新的產業，今天才誕生，
02:30
and by the end of next June,
40
138626
1460
到明年六月時，
02:32
that industry's products
had killed seven million people.
had killed seven million people.
41
140110
4906
那個產業的產品
就殺死了七百萬人。
就殺死了七百萬人。
02:37
Would any of us invest
in that new, deadly industry?
in that new, deadly industry?
42
145539
4621
有任何人會想要投資
這個致命的新產業嗎？
這個致命的新產業嗎？
02:43
Tobacco is one of the most
pressing global issues of our time,
pressing global issues of our time,
43
151186
4079
在我們這個時代，
香菸是全球最迫切的議題之一，
香菸是全球最迫切的議題之一，
在這個問題上，我們大部分人
02:47
and most of us are far more complicit
in the problem than we may realize.
in the problem than we may realize.
44
155289
4859
身為共謀的成份
比我們所知道的還要高。
比我們所知道的還要高。
02:53
So, the super fund representative
explained to me
explained to me
45
161420
2485
這位退休基金代表人向我解釋說
02:55
that tobacco companies would be found
46
163929
1968
菸草公司有些資金
02:57
in the international shares portion
of my portfolio.
of my portfolio.
47
165921
4045
來自我的投資組合中的全球股票。
03:02
So I asked him, "Well,
which international shares do I have?"
which international shares do I have?"
48
170386
3337
於是我問他：「嗯，
我有哪些全球股票？」
我有哪些全球股票？」
03:06
He got back to me
two weeks later with this list:
two weeks later with this list:
49
174220
3048
他在兩星期後回覆我，
給了我這張清單：
給了我這張清單：
03:09
my number one holding
in international shares
in international shares
50
177292
3886
我的全球股票中，
股份排名第一的是
股份排名第一的是
03:13
was British American Tobacco.
51
181202
1933
英美菸草（公司）。
03:15
Number two, Imperial Tobacco.
52
183805
2420
第二名是帝國菸草（公司）。
03:18
Number four, Philip Morris.
53
186575
1991
第四名是菲利普莫里斯國際。
03:21
And number five,
the Swedish Match company.
the Swedish Match company.
54
189165
2721
第五名是瑞典火柴公司。
03:23
Four of the top five companies
were tobacco companies,
were tobacco companies,
55
191910
2699
排名前五的公司中
就有四家是菸草公司，
就有四家是菸草公司，
03:26
my investments, an oncologist.
56
194633
2253
身為腫瘤學家，這是我的投資。
03:29
And then I realized it wasn't just me.
57
197458
2302
接著，我發現
不只是我有這種狀況。
不只是我有這種狀況。
03:31
It was all members of my super fund.
58
199784
1888
這個退休基金的所有成員都一樣。
03:34
And then I realized it wasn't just
my super fund, it was all of them.
my super fund, it was all of them.
59
202125
3253
接著我發現不只是這個退休基金，
所有的退休基金都一樣。
所有的退休基金都一樣。
03:37
And then I realized,
it wasn't just superannuation funds,
it wasn't just superannuation funds,
60
205402
2684
接著我發現，不只是退休基金，
03:40
it was banks, insurers and fund managers.
61
208110
3094
還有銀行、保險業者，
和基金經理人。
和基金經理人。
03:43
And then I realized
it wasn't just Australia.
it wasn't just Australia.
62
211228
2873
接著我發現，不只是在澳洲。
03:46
It was the entire global finance sector,
63
214125
2912
全球的金融部門都一樣，
03:49
completely tangled up
with the tobacco industry.
with the tobacco industry.
64
217061
2635
完全和菸草產業糾纏在一起。
03:51
The industry that makes products
that kill seven million people every year.
that kill seven million people every year.
65
219720
5207
菸草產業的產品
每年會殺死七百萬人。
每年會殺死七百萬人。
03:57
So I started discussing the issue
with my superannuation fund,
with my superannuation fund,
66
225475
3167
所以我開始和我的退休基金
討論這個議題，
討論這個議題，
04:00
and I've been discussing it ever since.
67
228666
2110
從那之後我就一直在討論。
04:03
Finance leaders have many challenging
issues to deal with, these days.
issues to deal with, these days.
68
231125
3738
現今，金融領導者
有很多困難議題要處理。
有很多困難議題要處理。
04:06
So I suggest they adopt a framework
69
234887
2801
所以我建議他們採用一個架構，
04:09
that clearly articulates
why it is reasonable
why it is reasonable
70
237712
3119
這架構能清楚明確地表達
為什麼對於香菸
為什麼對於香菸
04:12
to take a strong position on tobacco.
71
240855
2381
採取強勢的立場是合理的。
04:15
I suggest finance leaders
ask a suite of three questions
ask a suite of three questions
72
243847
4602
我建議金融領導人，在把我們的錢
投資給任何一間公司時，
投資給任何一間公司時，
04:20
of any company in which
they might invest our money.
they might invest our money.
73
248473
3533
都要問那家公司三個問題。
04:24
Question one:
74
252465
1524
問題一：
04:26
Can the product made
by the company be used safely?
by the company be used safely?
75
254013
4617
該公司所製造的產品
是否能被安全地使用？
是否能被安全地使用？
04:31
"No" is the answer for tobacco companies.
76
259156
2880
如果是菸草公司，
答案就會是「不能」。
答案就會是「不能」。
04:34
Zero is the only safe number
of cigarettes for a human being.
of cigarettes for a human being.
77
262060
3422
對人類來說，唯一安全的
香菸數量就是零。
香菸數量就是零。
04:37
It could not be more black and white.
78
265506
2166
這是最黑白分明的了。
04:40
Question two:
79
268291
1524
問題二：
04:41
Is the problem caused by the company
so significant on a global level
so significant on a global level
80
269839
5048
該公司所造成的問題，
是否對全球有很大的影響，
是否對全球有很大的影響，
04:46
that it is subject
to a UN treaty or convention?
to a UN treaty or convention?
81
274911
3266
到了會受到聯合國條約
或公約來限制的程度？
或公約來限制的程度？
04:50
"Yes" is the answer for tobacco.
82
278974
2119
如果是菸草公司，
答案就會是「是」。
答案就會是「是」。
04:53
Indeed there is a UN tobacco treaty
83
281117
2984
聯合國的確有一條香菸條約，
04:56
that has been ratified by 180 countries.
84
284125
3426
已被 180 個國家正式批准。
05:00
The treaty was created
85
288215
1707
會創立這條條約，
05:01
because of the catastrophic
global impact of tobacco.
global impact of tobacco.
86
289946
3667
就是因為香菸在全球
造成嚴重的衝擊。
造成嚴重的衝擊。
05:06
The current forecast
is that the world is on track
is that the world is on track
87
294192
4044
目前的預測是，若繼續這樣下去，
05:10
for one billion tobacco-related
deaths this century.
deaths this century.
88
298260
4390
這個世紀全世界就會有
十億人的死亡和香菸有關。
十億人的死亡和香菸有關。
05:15
One billion deaths.
89
303292
1266
十億人的死亡。
05:16
There's only seven billion of us.
90
304998
2200
全球人口也才只有七十億。
05:20
Question three relates
to the concept of engagement.
to the concept of engagement.
91
308085
3883
問題三和投入參與的概念有關。
05:24
Many financial organizations genuinely
want to be good corporate citizens.
want to be good corporate citizens.
92
312355
3817
許多金融組織真的想要
當良好企業公民。
當良好企業公民。
05:28
They want to use their shareholder power
93
316577
2746
他們想要用股東的力量，
05:31
to sit down with companies,
engage with them,
engage with them,
94
319347
2310
和其他公司坐下來談如何合作，
05:33
and encourage them to do better things.
95
321681
2126
並鼓勵這些公司去做更好的事。
05:35
So the question is:
96
323831
1556
所以，問題三就是：
05:37
Can engagement with the company
be an effective lever for change?
be an effective lever for change?
97
325411
4781
和該公司合作，
是否能夠有效地造成改變？
是否能夠有效地造成改變？
05:43
"No" is the answer for tobacco companies.
98
331026
2801
如果是菸草公司，
答案就會是「不能」。
答案就會是「不能」。
05:46
Engagement with
the tobacco industry is futile.
the tobacco industry is futile.
99
334153
2621
參與菸草公司是對社會無益的。
05:49
The only acceptable outcome would be
100
337157
1778
唯一能夠接受的成果就是
05:50
if tobacco companies ceased
their primary business.
their primary business.
101
338959
3334
讓菸草公司停止其主要業務。
05:54
In fact, engagement
with the tobacco industry
with the tobacco industry
102
342712
2680
事實上，參與菸草產業
05:57
has never led to less human death.
103
345416
3820
絕對不可能降低人類死亡率。
06:02
When we consider that framework,
three simple questions,
three simple questions,
104
350387
3277
當我們去思考那個架構，
三個簡單的問題，
三個簡單的問題，
06:05
we can see that is reasonable
and defensible
and defensible
105
353688
3405
我們就能了解到，
採取強勢的立場，
採取強勢的立場，
06:09
to take a strong position and exclude
investment in the tobacco industry.
investment in the tobacco industry.
106
357117
5176
將菸草公司排除在投資名單之外，
是合理且說得過去的。
是合理且說得過去的。
06:15
In addition to the UN tobacco treaty,
107
363663
2365
除了聯合國的香菸條約，
06:18
there is, in fact, another global treaty
that demands that we act on tobacco.
that demands that we act on tobacco.
108
366052
4322
事實上，還有另一條全球條約
要求我們針對香菸採取行動。
要求我們針對香菸採取行動。
06:22
In 2015, the UN adopted
the Sustainable Development Goals.
the Sustainable Development Goals.
109
370972
4772
2015 年，聯合國
採用了永續發展目標。
採用了永續發展目標。
我們在談香菸，
06:28
Now, we're talking about tobacco,
110
376069
1635
我知道你們會直接跳到目標三：
良好的健康環境。
良好的健康環境。
06:29
and I know you're going to jump
straight to number three:
straight to number three:
111
377728
2739
的確，若我們想要達成那個目標，
06:32
good health and well-being.
112
380491
1316
06:33
And indeed, ramping up
tobacco control regulation
tobacco control regulation
113
381831
2313
增加對香菸的管制是很重要的。
06:36
is essential if we're going
to achieve that goal.
to achieve that goal.
114
384168
2351
然而，再看深入一點，
06:38
However, look a bit more deeply,
115
386543
2336
06:40
and you will find that 13
of the 17 goals cannot be achieved
of the 17 goals cannot be achieved
116
388903
5031
你們會發現，十七項目標中
有十三項都無法達成，
有十三項都無法達成，
06:45
unless there is a major shake-up
of the tobacco industry.
of the tobacco industry.
117
393958
3596
除非菸草產業有重大的改變。
06:50
Personally, my favorite goal is number 17:
118
398323
2989
我個人最喜歡的目標是第十七項：
06:53
partnerships for the goals.
119
401336
1800
永續發展的合作。
06:55
At present, we have the entire global
health sector doing everything it can
health sector doing everything it can
120
403478
5682
目前，全球的健康部門都在盡全力
07:01
to help the tidal wave of patients
suffering as a result of tobacco.
suffering as a result of tobacco.
121
409184
3893
協助處理病人因為香菸
而受苦的浪潮。
而受苦的浪潮。
07:05
But that said, in the past year alone,
seven million people have died,
seven million people have died,
122
413450
3302
雖說如此，但單單在過去一年間，
就有七百萬人死亡，
就有七百萬人死亡，
07:08
so clearly, that is not enough.
123
416776
1936
所以，很顯然，我們做的還不夠。
07:11
We also have governments
aligned on tobacco, 180 of them,
aligned on tobacco, 180 of them,
124
419323
3564
我們還有政府聯手對付香菸，
共有 180 個政府，
共有 180 個政府，
07:14
busily trying to implement
the provisions of the UN tobacco treaty.
the provisions of the UN tobacco treaty.
125
422911
3999
它們忙著試圖實行
聯合國香菸條約的條款。
聯合國香菸條約的條款。
07:18
But that, too, is not enough.
126
426934
2444
但，那樣還是不夠。
07:22
If the global finance sector continues
to lend money to tobacco companies,
to lend money to tobacco companies,
127
430038
6301
如果全球的金融部門
繼續借錢給菸草公司，
繼續借錢給菸草公司，
07:28
to invest in tobacco companies,
128
436363
2357
繼續投資菸草公司，
07:30
and to strive to profit
from tobacco companies,
from tobacco companies,
129
438744
2992
繼續努力從菸草公司獲益，
07:33
we are working against each other.
130
441760
2267
那麼我們就是在彼此對抗。
07:36
Now, if we are going to disrupt
131
444411
2388
如果我們要阻止
07:38
what doctors call
"the global tobacco epidemic,"
"the global tobacco epidemic,"
132
446823
3699
醫生所謂的「全球香菸大流行」，
07:42
we need every sector of society
to stand side by side
to stand side by side
133
450546
4118
那麼我們就需要社會的
每一個部門同心協力，
每一個部門同心協力，
07:46
and be part of the solution.
134
454688
1867
成為解決方案的一部分。
07:49
So I call on finance leaders
135
457385
2246
所以，我想請求金融的領導人，
07:51
to implement a framework
to deal with sensitive issues.
to deal with sensitive issues.
136
459655
3730
實行一個架構，
來處理敏感的議題。
來處理敏感的議題。
07:55
And I call on them to uphold
global conventions.
global conventions.
137
463409
3340
我也想請求他們支持全球公約。
07:59
But in addition, there are business risks.
138
467307
2691
但，此外，還有商業風險存在。
08:02
Pure financial risks, associated with
being invested in the tobacco industry
being invested in the tobacco industry
139
470022
4698
單純的財務風險，
和被投資到菸草產業有關的
和被投資到菸草產業有關的
08:06
over the long term,
140
474744
1412
長期風險，
08:08
and I ask finance leaders
to consider them.
to consider them.
141
476180
3069
我想請求金融領導人
考量這些風險。
考量這些風險。
08:12
The first risk is that fewer
and fewer people will smoke,
and fewer people will smoke,
142
480006
4091
第一個風險是，
如果加強香菸的管制，
如果加強香菸的管制，
08:16
as a result of increasing
tobacco regulation.
tobacco regulation.
143
484121
3067
抽菸的人就會越來越少。
08:19
When these warnings were put
on cigarette packets in Canada,
on cigarette packets in Canada,
144
487891
3695
在加拿大，當這些警告文字
被加到香菸包裝上時，
被加到香菸包裝上時，
08:23
[Tobacco can make you impotent]
145
491610
1562
【香菸會讓你陽痿】
08:25
the first response of smokers was
to give them right back to the salespeople
to give them right back to the salespeople
146
493196
3678
抽菸者的第一個反應就是
把香菸直接還給銷售員，
把香菸直接還給銷售員，
08:28
and say, "Could you please just give me
the ones that say they'll kill me?"
the ones that say they'll kill me?"
147
496898
3583
並說：「你能不能換給我
另一包寫著抽菸會致死的香菸？」
另一包寫著抽菸會致死的香菸？」
08:32
(Laughter)
148
500505
1553
（笑聲）
08:34
Regulation gets noticed,
regulation reduces consumption,
regulation reduces consumption,
149
502082
3737
管制會被注意到，
管制會減少消費，
管制會減少消費，
08:37
and we have 180 countries
committed to more regulation.
committed to more regulation.
150
505843
4464
有 180 個國家
都承諾要做更多管制。
都承諾要做更多管制。
08:43
Let's talk about litigation
and the risk that presents.
and the risk that presents.
151
511061
3127
咱們來談談訴訟及會遇到的風險。
08:46
At present, it's the business model
of the tobacco industry
of the tobacco industry
152
514664
4143
當前，菸草產業的商業模式
08:50
that is being challenged.
153
518831
1667
正在受到挑戰。
08:53
Currently, the tobacco industry
externalizes all of the health costs
externalizes all of the health costs
154
521133
4923
目前，菸草產業將所有
和香菸相關的健康成本
和香菸相關的健康成本
08:58
associated with tobacco.
155
526080
1904
都向外丟給其他人。
09:00
Governments pay,
communities pay, you pay, I pay.
communities pay, you pay, I pay.
156
528326
3388
由政府支付、由社區支付、
由你支付、由我支付。
由你支付、由我支付。
09:04
The tobacco industry
externalizes all those costs,
externalizes all those costs,
157
532222
4027
菸草產業將所有
這些成本都向外丟，
這些成本都向外丟，
09:08
with an estimated one trillion
US dollars per year.
US dollars per year.
158
536273
3809
估計這些成本的總額
是一年一兆美元。
是一年一兆美元。
09:12
Yet they internalize
and privatize the profits.
and privatize the profits.
159
540527
3200
但它們卻把利潤佔為私有。
09:16
In 2015, in Quebec province,
160
544614
2906
2015 年，在魁北克省，
09:19
the courts determined
that the tobacco industry
that the tobacco industry
161
547544
2207
法庭判定菸草產業
09:21
was indeed responsible
for those health costs,
for those health costs,
162
549775
2800
確實要為這些健康成本負責，
09:24
and ordered them to pay
15 billion US dollars.
15 billion US dollars.
163
552599
2476
並下令要它們支付 150 億美元。
09:27
That case is under appeal.
164
555457
1779
那個案件還在上訴中。
09:29
But it begs the question,
why should any of us, in any country,
why should any of us, in any country,
165
557260
6119
但它讓人不禁想問，
不論在哪個國家，為什麼我們
不論在哪個國家，為什麼我們
09:35
be paying for the costs
of the tobacco industry?
of the tobacco industry?
166
563403
3475
要支付菸草產業的這些成本？
09:40
Let's move on to supply chain
and the risk there.
and the risk there.
167
568301
3761
咱們繼續來談談
供應鏈和那裡的風險。
供應鏈和那裡的風險。
09:44
It is not well known
168
572086
1873
並沒有很多人知道
09:45
that the tobacco industry
significantly relies on child labor.
significantly relies on child labor.
169
573983
5499
菸草產業非常依賴童工。
09:53
In March 2017, the International
Labour Organization
Labour Organization
170
581394
3374
2017 年三月，國際勞工組織
09:56
issued a report which stated:
171
584792
2786
提出一份報告，內容寫著：
09:59
"In tobacco-growing communities,
child labor is rampant."
child labor is rampant."
172
587602
5063
「在種植菸草的社區中，
童工非常猖獗。」
童工非常猖獗。」
10:05
The US Department of Labor
173
593499
1492
美國勞工部
10:07
currently lists 16 countries
that use children to produce tobacco leaf.
that use children to produce tobacco leaf.
174
595015
6484
目前列出了十六個用童工
來生產菸草葉的國家。
來生產菸草葉的國家。
10:14
Scrutiny of supply chains is intensifying,
175
602155
2468
對供應鏈的監督更加嚴密，
10:16
and that cannot continue
to escape public attention.
to escape public attention.
176
604647
3230
讓那種現象無法不被公眾的注意。
10:20
Finally, there is also
reputation risk to consider
reputation risk to consider
177
608218
3177
最後，還要考量名聲風險，
10:23
for individuals and organizations
that continue to maintain an affiliation
that continue to maintain an affiliation
178
611419
4991
個人和組織若持續維持
和菸草產業聯手，
和菸草產業聯手，
10:28
with the tobacco industry.
179
616434
1508
名聲會受影響。
10:29
In countless surveys,
180
617966
1721
在無數的調查中，
10:31
the tobacco industry ranks
as the world's least reputable industry.
as the world's least reputable industry.
181
619711
4200
將全世界的產業排名，
菸草產業的名聲是最差的。
菸草產業的名聲是最差的。
10:36
Let's just look at the impact on children.
182
624640
2279
咱們來看看它對於孩童的影響。
10:39
Globally, every single day,
183
627355
3628
全球，每一天，
10:43
it is estimated that
100,000 children start smoking.
100,000 children start smoking.
184
631007
5419
估計有十萬名孩童開始抽菸。
10:48
That's enough children to fit
inside the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
inside the Melbourne Cricket Ground.
185
636807
3841
十萬名孩童足以塞滿
整個墨爾本板球場。
整個墨爾本板球場。
10:53
And most of those children
are from the poorest communities on earth.
are from the poorest communities on earth.
186
641188
3611
這些孩童大部分都是來自
世界上最貧窮的社區。
世界上最貧窮的社區。
10:57
Here in Australia, the average age
that people start smoking
that people start smoking
187
645252
4698
在澳洲這裡，開始抽菸的平均年齡
11:01
is 16 years and two months.
188
649974
2571
是十六歲又兩個月。
11:05
They look pretty young to me,
but the worst thing here
but the worst thing here
189
653338
2541
就我看來是太早了，但最糟的是，
11:07
is that while we don't have
data from every country on earth,
data from every country on earth,
190
655903
2888
雖然我們沒有世界上
每個國家的資料，
每個國家的資料，
11:10
we believe that is the oldest age.
191
658815
2158
但我們相信，這數字
是各國中最年長的。
是各國中最年長的。
11:13
Everywhere else is younger.
192
661427
2221
所有其他國家都更年輕就開始。
11:16
Now for the good news.
193
664760
1809
還是有好消息。
11:18
Things are changing.
194
666593
1309
狀況正在改變。
11:19
The finance sector is coming to the party.
195
667926
2675
金融部門要來參一腳了。
11:22
After around 2,000 meetings
with finance leaders,
with finance leaders,
196
670974
3238
我和金融領導人開了兩千多次會，
11:26
primarily in the cafés
of Melbourne and Sydney
of Melbourne and Sydney
197
674236
2540
主要是在墨爾本、
雪黎、倫敦、巴黎、
雪黎、倫敦、巴黎、
11:28
and London and Paris and New York
and all across the globe,
and all across the globe,
198
676800
3507
紐約，和全世界的咖啡廳，
開完這些會之後，
開完這些會之後，
11:32
momentum, moving away from investment
in the tobacco industry,
in the tobacco industry,
199
680331
3971
不要再投資菸草產業的這股勢力
11:36
is starting to snowball.
200
684326
1745
開始滾雪球。
11:38
Finance leaders are alarmed
when they're presented with the facts,
when they're presented with the facts,
201
686095
3191
金融領導人了解了
真相之後開始有警覺，
真相之後開始有警覺，
11:41
and overwhelmingly,
they want to be part of the solution.
they want to be part of the solution.
202
689310
3491
絕大多數的人
都希望參與解決方案。
都希望參與解決方案。
11:45
Here, in Australia, we now have
203
693357
2990
在澳洲這裡，我們現在已經有
11:48
10,636,101 superannuation accounts
204
696371
6651
10,636,101 個退休帳戶，
11:55
that are tobacco-free.
205
703046
1340
都沒有投資香菸。
11:56
That one is mine, by the way.
206
704410
1728
順便一提，我的也是。
11:58
(Applause)
207
706162
6915
（掌聲）
12:05
There is still a lot of work to be done,
208
713101
1913
還需要做很多的努力，
12:07
but I've watched the conversation go
from "Should we go tobacco-free?"
from "Should we go tobacco-free?"
209
715038
3618
但我已經看到了對談從
「我們是否不要再投資菸業？」
「我們是否不要再投資菸業？」
12:10
to "Why haven't we done it yet?"
210
718680
1920
變成「我們為什麼還沒完成？」
12:13
In the past year alone,
211
721174
1214
光是去年，
12:14
major tobacco-free moves have been made
by leading financial organizations
by leading financial organizations
212
722412
4254
就有八個國家的
金融組織巨頭開始採取
金融組織巨頭開始採取
12:18
in eight different countries.
213
726690
2095
脫離菸業的行動。
12:20
In Australia, New Zealand,
the Netherlands, Sweden,
the Netherlands, Sweden,
214
728809
3038
這八國為澳洲、
紐西蘭、荷蘭、瑞典、
紐西蘭、荷蘭、瑞典、
12:23
Denmark, France, Ireland and the USA.
215
731871
3063
丹麥、法國、愛爾蘭，以及美國。
12:26
By sovereign wealth funds,
fund managers, pension funds,
fund managers, pension funds,
216
734958
3302
參與的包括主權財富基金、
基金經理人、退休基金、
基金經理人、退休基金、
12:30
banks, insurers and reinsurers.
217
738284
2301
銀行、保險業者，及再保業者。
12:32
Since tobacco-free portfolios began,
218
740609
2135
從不投資菸草業的
投資組合開始後，
投資組合開始後，
12:34
more than six billion dollars
has been redirected
has been redirected
219
742768
3378
超過六十億美元已經
被轉移到其他地方，
被轉移到其他地方，
12:38
away from investment
in the tobacco industry.
in the tobacco industry.
220
746170
3137
不拿去投資菸草產業了。
12:41
The case study is well and truly proven.
221
749331
2667
個案研究是完善驗證過的。
12:45
When making the tobacco-free
announcement in March this year,
announcement in March this year,
222
753069
3103
AMP Capital（澳洲壽險集團）的
執行長在今年三月
執行長在今年三月
12:48
the CEO of AMP Capital said,
223
756196
2873
宣佈不投資菸草業時，他說：
12:51
"We are not prepared to deliver
investment returns
investment returns
224
759093
3706
「我們不準備以不惜社會成本的代價
12:54
at any cost to society."
225
762823
2325
去追逐投資利潤的回報。」
12:58
And that is the question
we need to ask ourselves.
we need to ask ourselves.
226
766117
2539
那正是我們得要自問的問題。
13:01
Is there no baseline standard
below which we will not sink
below which we will not sink
227
769030
4682
有沒有一個基線標準存在，
讓我們不能為了賺取利潤
讓我們不能為了賺取利潤
13:05
to make profit?
228
773736
1150
而沉淪到標準之下？
13:08
Along the way, I've had a lot of help
and incredible support.
and incredible support.
229
776363
2968
一路上，我得到了
許多協助和大力支持。
許多協助和大力支持。
13:11
Now, if you're trying to do something,
230
779355
1833
如果你試著想要做點什麼，
13:13
I highly recommend that you have
a princess on your team.
a princess on your team.
231
781212
2889
我非常建議要在你的
團隊中納入一位公主。
團隊中納入一位公主。
13:16
Her Royal Highness, Princess Dina Mired,
232
784871
2301
迪納米雷德公主殿下
13:19
is the global ambassador for this work.
233
787196
2841
是這項工作的全球大使。
13:22
We also have a lord,
a knight, a former premier,
a knight, a former premier,
234
790061
2851
我們也有一位主教、
一位爵士、一位前首相、
一位爵士、一位前首相、
13:24
a former federal minister
and a stack of CEOs.
and a stack of CEOs.
235
792936
3005
一位前聯邦部長，
和一大堆的執行長。
和一大堆的執行長。
13:28
But the capacity to change things
236
796373
2143
但若要造成改變，
13:30
does not rest exclusively
with these highly influential people.
with these highly influential people.
237
798540
3972
不能只靠這些有高度影響力的人。
13:34
The power to do that is with all of us.
238
802992
3031
我們每一個人都有
可以貢獻的力量。
可以貢獻的力量。
13:38
Everyone here can be part of the solution.
239
806696
2643
這裡的每一個人都可以
為解決方案盡一份心力。
為解決方案盡一份心力。
13:41
In fact, everyone here must be
part of the solution.
part of the solution.
240
809363
3900
事實上，這裡的每一個人
都必須要為解決方案盡一份心力。
都必須要為解決方案盡一份心力。
13:45
Most people in this room own companies
241
813809
4047
這間房間中的大多數人擁有公司，
13:49
via their superannuation funds,
their banks and their insurers.
their banks and their insurers.
242
817880
4267
透過他們的退休基金、銀行，
以及保險而擁有公司。
以及保險而擁有公司。
13:54
And it is time for us to ask them:
243
822483
2790
該是我們問他們這個問題的時候了：
13:57
Are they investing our money
in companies that make products
in companies that make products
244
825297
4252
他們是否將我們的錢
投資給那些製造出每年
投資給那些製造出每年
14:01
that kill seven million people every year?
245
829573
2745
會殺害七百萬人的產品的公司？
14:04
It's your money.
246
832342
1270
那是你的錢。
14:05
It's my money, it's our money.
247
833636
1687
那是我的錢，那是我們的錢。
14:07
And that is a very reasonable question.
248
835347
3198
那是個非常合理的問題。
14:11
Pretty cramped up here,
249
839379
1595
這裡相當擁擠，
14:13
with seven million people beside me today.
250
841824
2558
今天有七百萬人在我旁邊。
14:16
But if we don't act now, and act together,
251
844823
3269
但如果我們現在
不採取行動，不一起行動，
不採取行動，不一起行動，
14:20
we'll need to make way
for one billion people
for one billion people
252
848116
3380
在這世紀結束之前，我們就得要
14:23
before the end of this century.
253
851520
2067
讓出空間給十億人。
14:25
And this is a very big stage.
254
853960
2405
這是個很大的舞台。
14:28
But there is no more room.
255
856841
1960
但沒有更多空間了。
14:30
Thank you.
256
858825
1167
謝謝。
14:32
(Applause)
257
860016
4872
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bronwyn King - Oncologist, tobacco-free advocateDr. Bronwyn King on a mission to save a billion lives -- from tobacco, the greatest preventable cause of premature death.
Why you should listen
After stumbling upon what she calls "the missing piece of global tobacco control," Dr. Bronwyn King abandoned plans for a career in medicine to start Tobacco Free Portfolios, a charity that brings the reality of tobacco into corporate boardrooms across the globe.
By working collaboratively with the global finance sector -- big banks, insurers and pension funds -- Dr. King and her team have been instrumental in major financial organizations in a dozen countries moving to tobacco-free finance, shifting more than twelve billion US dollars away from investment in tobacco. And she is just getting started.
Dr. King previously worked as Team Doctor for the Australian Swimming Team, was listed in 2014 as one of the Westpac/Australian Financial Review 100 Women of Influence and has received a host of medals and awards for building a bridge between the global health and finance sectors.
Bronwyn King | Speaker | TED.com