ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help

艾莉森·基林: 建築風格可以協助提供一個更好的死亡方式

Filmed:
1,316,847 views

在這短短的、具挑動性的演講中,艾莉森·基林研究死亡,即將死亡時,人們所處的建築物,如墓地、醫院和家裡。我們死亡的方式已在改變,我們建立的死亡方式等等。嗯,或許也應該要這麼做。這是一場令人驚訝且引發人們去思考我們的城市,我們的生活被隱藏的一面。
- Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to tell you a story故事
about death死亡 and architecture建築.
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我想和各位講一個
關於死亡和跟建築風格的故事。
00:16
A hundred years年份 ago, we tended往往 to die
of infectious傳染病 diseases疾病 like pneumonia肺炎,
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一百年前,
人們多死於傳染性疾病,如肺炎
00:21
that, if they took hold保持,
would take us away quite相當 quickly很快.
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一旦病情蔓延,
很快就會奪走我們的生命。
00:24
We tended往往 to die at home,
in our own擁有 beds, looked看著 after by family家庭,
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我們往往選擇死在家裡,
臨終前,在自己的床上,受家人照顧,
00:28
although雖然 that was the default默認 option選項
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雖然這是內定好的選擇
00:30
because a lot of people
lacked缺乏 access訪問 to medical care關心.
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因為很多人缺乏醫療照護。
00:33
And then in the 20th century世紀
a lot of things changed.
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接著到了二十世紀,一切大不同。
00:36
We developed發達 new medicines藥品 like penicillin青黴素
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研發出新的藥物像是盤尼西林
00:38
so we could treat對待
those infectious傳染病 diseases疾病.
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所以我們可以治療傳染性疾病。
00:40
New medical technologies技術
like x-rayX-射線 machines were invented發明.
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新的醫療科技,
像是 X 光機也在這時出現。
00:44
And because they were
so big and expensive昂貴,
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這些器材龐大且昂貴,
00:46
we needed需要 large, centralized集中
buildings房屋 to keep them in,
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需要放置在寬敞集中的場所,
00:49
and they became成為 our modern現代 hospitals醫院.
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這些地方漸漸形成現代的醫院。
00:51
After the Second第二 World世界 War戰爭,
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第二次世界大戰之後,
00:53
a lot of countries國家 set up
universal普遍 healthcare衛生保健 systems系統
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許多國家建立全民醫療照護系統
00:55
so that everyone大家 who needed需要
treatment治療 could get it.
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任何有需要的人都能接受治療。
00:58
The result結果 was that lifespans壽命 extended擴展
from about 45 at the start開始 of the century世紀
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結果人們的壽命
在這個世紀初以來
01:02
to almost幾乎 double that today今天.
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人們的壽命從 45 歲
到現在幾乎增加了兩倍。
01:04
The 20th century世紀 was this time of huge巨大
optimism樂觀 about what science科學 could offer提供,
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二十世是科學發展最為樂觀的時代,
01:09
but with all of the focus焦點 on life,
death死亡 was forgotten忘記了,
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人們一直關注壽命議題,
卻忽略死亡的議題,
01:12
even as our approach途徑 to death死亡
changed dramatically顯著.
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甚至死亡的方法也有戲劇性的改變。
01:15
Now, I'm an architect建築師,
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既然,我是個建築師,
01:16
and for the past過去 year and a half
I've been looking at these changes變化
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過去一年半來我關注這些改變
01:20
and at what they mean for architecture建築
related有關 to death死亡 and dying垂死.
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以及這些變化
對建築與死亡關連的意義。
01:23
We now tend趨向 to die
of cancer癌症 and heart disease疾病,
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現代人大多死於癌症或是心臟疾病,
01:26
and what that means手段 is that many許多 of us
will have a long period of chronic慢性 illness疾病
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也就是說,
大部分的人臨終前
01:30
at the end結束 of our lives生活.
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會長時間面臨慢性疾病。
01:32
During that period,
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在這段期間,
01:33
we'll likely容易 spend a lot of time
in hospitals醫院 and hospices收容所 and care關心 homes家園.
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我們大部份的時間在醫院裡、
安養院、居家照顧中心。
01:38
Now, we've我們已經 all been in a modern現代 hospital醫院.
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我們去過現代化的醫院。
01:40
You know those fluorescent lights燈火
and the endless無窮 corridors走廊
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你知道那些日光燈和沒有盡頭的長廊
01:44
and those rows of uncomfortable不舒服 chairs椅子.
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以及一排排坐起來不舒服的椅子。
01:47
Hospital醫院 architecture建築
has earned its bad reputation聲譽.
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醫院建築已擁有壞名聲。
01:50
But the surprising奇怪 thing is,
it wasn't always like this.
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但令人訝異的是
不是所有的醫院皆是如此。
01:54
This is L'OspedaleL'奧斯佩達萊(Ospedale) degli阿布魯 Innocenti因諾琴蒂,
built內置 in 1419 by Brunelleschi布魯內萊斯基,
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這是 1419 年由布魯內勒斯基
所建造的孤兒院,
01:58
who was one of the most famous著名
and influential有影響 architects建築師 of his time.
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他是當時最有名,
最有影響力的建築師之一。
02:02
And when I look at this building建造
and then think about hospitals醫院 today今天,
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當我看著這棟建築物
再想想現在的醫院建築,
02:05
what amazes驚訝 me is
this building's建築的 ambition志向.
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令我驚訝的是
這棟建築物的偉大目標。
02:08
It's just a really great building建造.
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真是一座偉大的建築物。
02:10
It has these courtyards庭院 in the middle中間
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中間有個庭院
02:12
so that all of the rooms客房
have daylight陽光 and fresh新鮮 air空氣,
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所以每個房間
都有陽光和新鮮空氣,
02:14
and the rooms客房 are big
and they have high ceilings天花板,
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房間很大,有很高的天花板,
02:17
so they just feel
more comfortable自在 to be in.
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住在裡面感到更加舒服。
02:19
And it's also beautiful美麗.
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這建築物也很美。
02:21
Somehow不知何故, we've我們已經 forgotten忘記了
that that's even possible可能 for a hospital醫院.
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不知怎麼地,
我們忘了這是一家醫院。
02:25
Now, if we want better buildings房屋
for dying垂死, then we have to talk about it,
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如果我們要死在比較好的地方,
那我們要來討論一下,
02:29
but because we find the subject學科
of death死亡 uncomfortable不舒服,
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因為我們發現死亡這個議題
讓人感到不舒服,
02:31
we don't talk about it,
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我們就逃避不想談,
02:33
and we don't question how we
as a society社會 approach途徑 death死亡.
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作為社會一份子
不去問死亡的方式。
02:36
One of the things that surprised詫異 me
most in my research研究, though雖然,
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在我的研究中,
最令我感到驚奇的一件事是
02:39
is how changeable多變 attitudes態度 actually其實 are.
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多變的態度實際上是如何變化的。
02:42
This is the first crematorium火葬場 in the U.K.,
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這是英國第一座火葬場,
02:44
which哪一個 was built內置 in Woking沃金 in the 1870s.
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於 1870 年建造於英國沃金。
02:47
And when this was first built內置,
there were protests抗議 in the local本地 village.
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在建造完成之初,
當地居民提出抗議。
02:50
Cremation火葬 wasn't socially社交上 acceptable接受,
and 99.8 percent百分 of people got buried隱藏.
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火葬不為當時的社會所接受,
有 99.8% 的人選擇土葬。
02:55
And yet然而, only a hundred years年份 later後來,
three quarters住處 of us get cremated火化.
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100 年後的今天,
有四分之三的人選擇火葬。
02:59
People are actually其實 really open打開
to changing改變 things
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事實上,
人們是以開放的心態面對改變
03:02
if they're given特定 the chance機會
to talk about them.
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只要有機會去談論相關議題。
03:04
So this conversation會話
about death死亡 and architecture建築
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所以我以死亡和建築的對談
03:07
was what I wanted to start開始
when I did my first exhibition展覽 on it
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作為起點,
六月我在威尼斯
03:10
in Venice威尼斯 in June六月,
which哪一個 was called "Death死亡 in Venice威尼斯."
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舉辦我的第一場展覽,
稱為「魂斷威尼斯」
03:14
It was designed設計 to be quite相當 playful調皮
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這展覽設計得相當活潑
03:17
so that people would
literally按照字面 engage從事 with it.
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所以人們可以真正融入其中。
03:19
This is one of our exhibits展品,
which哪一個 is an interactive互動 map地圖 of London倫敦
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這是我們其中之一的展覽,
是一個互動式的倫敦地圖
03:22
that shows節目 just how much
of the real真實 estate房地產 in the city
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顯示倫敦市裡留給死人及垂死之人
03:25
is given特定 over to death死亡 and dying垂死,
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地產的數量。
03:27
and as you wave your hand across橫過 the map地圖,
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當你的手滑過地圖,
03:29
the name名稱 of that piece of real真實 estate房地產,
the building建造 or cemetery公墓, is revealed透露.
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就可以看到地產,建築物及公墓的名稱。
03:34
Another另一個 of our exhibits展品
was a series系列 of postcards明信片
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另一個展覽品
是一系列的明信片
03:37
that people could take away with them.
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可以免費自行拿取。
03:39
And they showed顯示 people's人們 homes家園
and hospitals醫院
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還顯示房子和醫院
03:41
and cemeteries墓地 and mortuaries殮房,
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公墓和太平間的位置,
03:44
and they tell the story故事
of the different不同 spaces空間
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他們也講述不同空間,
03:46
that we pass通過 through通過
on either side of death死亡.
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穿越時空到死亡的故事。
03:49
We wanted to show顯示
that where we die
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我們要展示的是
人們在哪裡死亡
03:51
is a key part部分 of how we die.
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是我們如何死亡的核心部分。
03:54
Now, the strangest奇怪 thing was the way
that visitors遊客 reacted反應 to the exhibition展覽,
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最奇怪的事情是
參觀者反應的方式,
03:59
especially特別 the audio-visual視聽 works作品.
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特別是視聽教學產品。
04:02
We had people dancing跳舞
and running賽跑 and jumping跳躍
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我們讓參觀者跳舞、奔跑和跳躍,
04:05
as they tried試著 to activate啟用
the exhibits展品 in different不同 ways方法,
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有如試著以不同方式
與展出的產品互動,
04:08
and at a certain某些 point
they would kind of stop
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在特定的時點上
參觀者會停止
04:11
and remember記得 that they were in
an exhibition展覽 about death死亡,
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記住他們是在參觀
一場有關死亡的展覽,
04:13
and that maybe that's not
how you're supposed應該 to act法案.
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或許這不是你應該去做事。
04:16
But actually其實, I would question
whether是否 there is one way
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事實上,我有個問題,
是否有一種方式
04:19
that you're supposed應該 to act法案 around death死亡,
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在死亡這個議題上,
有你應該去做的事,
04:21
and if there's not, I'd ask you to think
about what you think a good death死亡 is,
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若沒有,我要求你去想關於
什麼是好的死亡,
04:26
and what you think that architecture建築
that supports支持 a good death死亡 might威力 be like,
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以及你想到的
好的死亡場所的建築物是什麼樣子,
04:29
and mightn't可能不 it be a little less like this
and a little more like this?
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可能不是很少像是這樣,
多一點像這個樣子?
04:34
Thank you.
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謝謝。
04:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by Yamei Huang
Reviewed by Ashley Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com