ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help

Аллисон Киллин: Үхэхэд илүү дээр зам бий, үүнд уран барилга тусална

Filmed:
1,316,847 views

Энэхүү богино боловч сонирхолтой илтгэлдээ архитектор Аллисон Киллин оршуулгын газар, эмнэлэг, гэр гэх мэт бидний нас бардаг барилгуудыг харуулж байна. Үхэл хүртэл өөрчлөгдөж байгаа энэ үед барилгууд ч гэсэн өөрчлөгдөх хэрэгтэй болов уу?
- Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to tell you a story
about death and architecture.
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Би та бүхэнд үхэл болоод уран барилгын
тухай түүх ярьж өгье.
00:16
A hundred years ago, we tended to die
of infectious diseases like pneumonia,
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Зуун жилийн өмнө, бид хатгаа мэтийн
халдварт өвчнөөс болж нас бардаг байсан.
00:21
that, if they took hold,
would take us away quite quickly.
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Хэрвээ нэг тусчихвал
удалгүй өнгөрдөг байв.
00:24
We tended to die at home,
in our own beds, looked after by family,
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Бид өөрсдийн гэртээ, орондоо,
гэр бүлийнхнээрээ сахиулан
нас бардаг байсан нь
бидэнд сонголт үгүй,
00:28
although that was the default option
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00:30
because a lot of people
lacked access to medical care.
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хүмүүс эмнэлгийн тусламж
авах боломжгүй байсных юм.
00:33
And then in the 20th century
a lot of things changed.
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Ингээд 20-р зуунд
олон зүйл өөрчлөгдсөн.
00:36
We developed new medicines like penicillin
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Бид пеницилин шиг эмийг шинээр бүтээн
00:38
so we could treat
those infectious diseases.
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халдварт өвчнийг эмчилж эхэлсэн.
00:40
New medical technologies
like x-ray machines were invented.
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Рентгений аппарат шиг шинэ технологийн
дэвшлүүд бүтээгдсэн.
00:44
And because they were
so big and expensive,
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Тэд маш овортой мөн үнэтэй байсан учир
00:46
we needed large, centralized
buildings to keep them in,
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тэднийг хадгалах том, нэгдсэн
барилгууд хэрэг болж,
00:49
and they became our modern hospitals.
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орчин үеийн эмнэлэг бий болсон.
00:51
After the Second World War,
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Дэлхийн II дайны дараа,
00:53
a lot of countries set up
universal healthcare systems
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ихэнх орнууд нэгдсэн
эрүүл мэндийн тогтолцоотой болж
00:55
so that everyone who needed
treatment could get it.
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хүн бүрт эмчлүүлэх боломж олгосон.
00:58
The result was that lifespans extended
from about 45 at the start of the century
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Үр дүнд нь зууны эхэнд
дундаж наслалт 45 байсан бол
01:02
to almost double that today.
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өнөөдөр хоёр дахин уртассан байна.
01:04
The 20th century was this time of huge
optimism about what science could offer,
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20-р зуун нь шинжлэх ухааны боломжуудын
талаарх өөдрөг үзлийг авчирсан ч
01:09
but with all of the focus on life,
death was forgotten,
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амьдруулах дээр хэтэрхий их анхаараад,
үхэл гэдэг зүйл мартагдаж эхэлсэн ба
01:12
even as our approach to death
changed dramatically.
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үхлийг хэрхэн хүлээн авах нь
хүртэл өөрчлөгдсөн.
01:15
Now, I'm an architect,
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Одоо би архитектор хүн,
01:16
and for the past year and a half
I've been looking at these changes
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өнгөрсөн жил хагасын турш би
эдгээр өөрчлөлтийг судалж
01:20
and at what they mean for architecture
related to death and dying.
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энэ нь архитекторын салбарт
юу гэсэн үг болохыг ойлгосон.
01:23
We now tend to die
of cancer and heart disease,
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Бид одоо хорт хавдар,
зүрхний өвчнөөр өнгөрдөг болсон,
01:26
and what that means is that many of us
will have a long period of chronic illness
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энэ нь бидний ихэнх нь амьдралынхаа
төгсгөлд хууч өвчнөөр
01:30
at the end of our lives.
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өвдөж байна гэсэн үг юм.
01:32
During that period,
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Энэ хугацааг бид
01:33
we'll likely spend a lot of time
in hospitals and hospices and care homes.
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ихэвчлэн эмнэлэг,
сувилалын газарт өнгөрөөдөг.
01:38
Now, we've all been in a modern hospital.
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Бид бүгд орчин үеийн эмнэлэгт орж үзсэн.
01:40
You know those fluorescent lights
and the endless corridors
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Та нар тод цагаан гэрэл,
урт хонгилуудыг мэднэ.
01:44
and those rows of uncomfortable chairs.
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Мөн тэр урт тухгүй сандлууд.
01:47
Hospital architecture
has earned its bad reputation.
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Эмнэлгийн барилгууд муухай нэртэй.
01:50
But the surprising thing is,
it wasn't always like this.
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Сонирхолтой нь энэ үргэлж ийм байгаагүй.
01:54
This is L'Ospedale degli Innocenti,
built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,
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Энэ 1419 онд Брунелескийн барьсан
Гэмгүйчүүдийн эмнэлэгийн барилга,
01:58
who was one of the most famous
and influential architects of his time.
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тэрээр тухайн цаг үеийн хамгийн
алдартай архитекторуудын нэг.
02:02
And when I look at this building
and then think about hospitals today,
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Энэ барилгыг хараад
орчин үеийн эмнэлэгүүдтэй харьцуулвал,
02:05
what amazes me is
this building's ambition.
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барилгын эрч хүч нь намайг
хамгийн ихээр гайхшруулдаг.
02:08
It's just a really great building.
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Энэ үнэхээр гайхалтай барилга.
02:10
It has these courtyards in the middle
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Голдоо ийм талбайтай болохоор
02:12
so that all of the rooms
have daylight and fresh air,
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өдөртөө өрөөнд нар тусч,
цэвэр агаар орж,
02:14
and the rooms are big
and they have high ceilings,
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өрөө нь зайтай бөгөөд
өндөр таазтай учраас
02:17
so they just feel
more comfortable to be in.
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дотор нь байхад илүү эвтэйхэн.
02:19
And it's also beautiful.
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Мөн их үзэсгэлэнтэй.
02:21
Somehow, we've forgotten
that that's even possible for a hospital.
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Ямартай ч бид эмнэлэг ч гэсэн
ийм гоёмсог байж болно гэдгийг мартсан.
02:25
Now, if we want better buildings
for dying, then we have to talk about it,
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Одоо бид үхэхдээ илүү сайхан барилгад
байхыг хүсвэл үүнийг ярих ёстой,
02:29
but because we find the subject
of death uncomfortable,
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гэхдээ бид үхлийн тухай ярих дургүй учир
02:31
we don't talk about it,
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үүнийг ярьдаггүй.
02:33
and we don't question how we
as a society approach death.
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Мөн бид нийгэм үхэлд хэрхэн
ханддаг талаар асуудаггүй.
02:36
One of the things that surprised me
most in my research, though,
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Миний судалгаанаас намайг хамгийн их
гайхшруулсан зүйл нь
02:39
is how changeable attitudes actually are.
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хандлага хэрхэн өөрчлөгддөг тухай юм.
02:42
This is the first crematorium in the U.K.,
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Энэ бол Их Британий анхны чандарлах газар,
02:44
which was built in Woking in the 1870s.
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1870-аад онд Уокинг барьсан.
02:47
And when this was first built,
there were protests in the local village.
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Анх баригдахад нь ойролцоох тосгонд
жагсаал болсон.
Тэр үед чандарлахыг хүлээн зөвшөөрдөггүй
нас барагсдын 99.8%-ийг оршуулдаг байсан.
02:50
Cremation wasn't socially acceptable,
and 99.8 percent of people got buried.
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02:55
And yet, only a hundred years later,
three quarters of us get cremated.
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Гэхдээ зуухан жилийн дараа
бидний 75% чандарлагддаг болсон.
Хүмүүс үнэндээ өөрчлөлтөнд
нээлттэй байдаг.
02:59
People are actually really open
to changing things
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03:02
if they're given the chance
to talk about them.
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Гэхдээ үүний талаар ярих боломжтой үед л.
03:04
So this conversation
about death and architecture
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Тэгэхээр энэ үхэл болон
уран барилгын тухай
03:07
was what I wanted to start
when I did my first exhibition on it
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өөрийн үзэсгэлэнгээ анх
03:10
in Venice in June,
which was called "Death in Venice."
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"Венец дэх үхэл" нэртэйгээр
6 сард Венецт нээхдээ ярьсан.
03:14
It was designed to be quite playful
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Энэ нь хошин байхаар зохиогдсон ба
03:17
so that people would
literally engage with it.
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ингэж байж хүмүүсийг оролцуулахыг хүссэн.
03:19
This is one of our exhibits,
which is an interactive map of London
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Энэ бол манай үзэсгэлэнгийн нэг хэсэг
ба Лондонгийн газрын зураг ба
03:22
that shows just how much
of the real estate in the city
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үүнээс хотын хэдэн барилга
03:25
is given over to death and dying,
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үхлээр дамжигдан ирснийг харуулдаг.
03:27
and as you wave your hand across the map,
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Зураг дээр гараараа даллахад
03:29
the name of that piece of real estate,
the building or cemetery, is revealed.
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тухайн барилгын нэр,
мөн оршуулгын газрын нэр гарч ирнэ.
03:34
Another of our exhibits
was a series of postcards
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Өөр нэгэн үзэсгэлэн бол
цуврал ил захидлууд ба
03:37
that people could take away with them.
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хүмүүс үүнийг хүсвэл авч болно.
03:39
And they showed people's homes
and hospitals
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Үүн дээр хүмүүсийн гэр болон эмнэлэг
03:41
and cemeteries and mortuaries,
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мөн оршуулгын болон
цогцос хадгалах газрыг харуулж
03:44
and they tell the story
of the different spaces
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нас барах үедээ бидний дамжин өнгөрдөг
03:46
that we pass through
on either side of death.
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орон зайнуудын тухай түүхийг өгүүлдэг.
03:49
We wanted to show
that where we die
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Бид хаана үхэх нь
бидний амьдралын
03:51
is a key part of how we die.
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чухал хэсэг гэдгийг харуулахыг хүссэн.
03:54
Now, the strangest thing was the way
that visitors reacted to the exhibition,
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Зочид үзэсгэлэнд хэрхэн хандсан нь
хамгийн сонирхолтой байсан.
03:59
especially the audio-visual works.
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Ялангуяа дуу авиа болон харааны үзүүлэнд.
04:02
We had people dancing
and running and jumping
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Бид хүмүүсийг бүжиглүүлж,
харайлган, үсрүүлж
04:05
as they tried to activate
the exhibits in different ways,
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үзэсгэлэнг өөр өөр замаар
идэвхжүүлэхийг хичээсэн ба
04:08
and at a certain point
they would kind of stop
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тэд зарим үед нь түр зогсон,
04:11
and remember that they were in
an exhibition about death,
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үхлийн тухай үзэсгэлэн дээр
ирснээ санан,
04:13
and that maybe that's not
how you're supposed to act.
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магадгүй ингэж аашлах нь
зохисгүй хэрэг хэмээн боддог.
04:16
But actually, I would question
whether there is one way
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Гэхдээ бидэнд үнэндээ үхэлд
хэрхэн хандах ганцхан л зам би гэж үү.
04:19
that you're supposed to act around death,
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04:21
and if there's not, I'd ask you to think
about what you think a good death is,
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Хэрэв тийм биш бол, сайн үхэл гэж
юу вэ гэдгийг бодоосой гэж асууя.
04:26
and what you think that architecture
that supports a good death might be like,
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Мөн тэр үхлийг түших барилга
ямар байхыг бодоосой,
04:29
and mightn't it be a little less like this
and a little more like this?
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Илүү иймэрхүү эсвэл
нэг иймэрхүү байх уу?
04:34
Thank you.
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Баярлалаа.
04:36
(Applause)
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2020
(Алга ташилт)
Translated by Marla Munkh-Achit
Reviewed by Indra Ganzorig

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com