ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2014

Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help

Alison Kiling (Alison Killing): Postoji bolji način da se umre, i arhitektura može da pomogne

Filmed:
1,316,847 views

U ovom kratkom, provokativnom govoru, arhitekta Alison Kiling posmatra zgrade gde se događa smrt i umiranje - groblja, bolnice, domove. Način na koji umiremo se menja, a način na koji gradimo za umiranje... možda bi i to trebalo da se menja. Ovo je iznenađujuće fascinantan osvrt na skrivene aspekte naši gradova i života.
- Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I'd like to tell you a storyприча
about deathсмрт and architectureархитектура.
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Želela bih da vam ispričam priču
o smrti i arhitekturi.
00:16
A hundredсто yearsгодине agoпре, we tendedUmiri to dieумрети
of infectiousinfektivne diseasesболести like pneumoniaупала плућа,
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Pre sto godina, umirali smo
od zaraznih bolesti, poput upale pluća,
00:21
that, if they tookузела holdдржати,
would take us away quiteприлично quicklyбрзо.
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koje su veoma brzo postajale fatalne,
ukoliko bismo ih dobili.
00:24
We tendedUmiri to dieумрети at home,
in our ownвластити bedskreveti, lookedпогледао after by familyпородица,
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Umirali smo kod kuće, u svojim krevetima,
dok je na nas pazila porodica,
00:28
althoughиако that was the defaultpodrazumevani optionопција
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mada to je bila ustaljena praksa,
00:30
because a lot of people
lackednedostajalo accessприступ to medicalмедицински careнега.
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pošto dosta ljudi nije imalo
pristup medicinskoj nezi.
00:33
And then in the 20thтх centuryвек
a lot of things changedпромењено.
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Onda se dosta toga promenilo u 20. veku.
00:36
We developedразвијен newново medicineslekove like penicillinpenicilin
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Razvili smo nove lekove, poput penicilina
00:38
so we could treatлијечити
those infectiousinfektivne diseasesболести.
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kako bismo lečili te zarazne bolesti.
00:40
NewNovi medicalмедицински technologiesтехнологије
like x-rayрентген machinesмашине were inventedизмишљен.
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Izmišljene su nove medicinske tehnologije,
poput rendgenskih zraka.
00:44
And because they were
so bigвелики and expensiveскупо,
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A pošto su bile tako velike i skupe,
00:46
we neededпотребно largeвелики, centralizedцентрализован
buildingsзграде to keep them in,
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za njih su nam bile potrebne
velike, centralizovane zgrade
00:49
and they becameпостао our modernмодеран hospitalsболнице.
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koje su postale moderne bolnice.
00:51
After the SecondDrugi WorldSvet WarRat,
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Nakon Drugog svetskog rata,
mnoge zemlje su uspostavile
jedinstvene sisteme zdravstvene nege
00:53
a lot of countriesземље setкомплет up
universalуниверзалан healthcareздравствена заштита systemsсистема
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00:55
so that everyoneсви who neededпотребно
treatmentтретман could get it.
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tako da bi negu mogao da dobije
svako kome je potrebna.
00:58
The resultрезултат was that lifespansживотни век extendedпродужено
from about 45 at the startпочетак of the centuryвек
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Kao posledica toga, životni vek
je porastao sa oko 45 na početku veka
01:02
to almostскоро doubleдвоструко that todayданас.
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do skoro duplo više danas.
01:04
The 20thтх centuryвек was this time of hugeогромно
optimismоптимизам about what scienceНаука could offerпонуда,
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20. vek je bio vreme ogromnog optimizma
u vezi sa tim šta nauka ima da ponudi,
01:09
but with all of the focusфокусирати on life,
deathсмрт was forgottenзаборављен,
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ali potpunim usredsređivanjem na život,
zaboravili smo smrt,
01:12
even as our approachприступ to deathсмрт
changedпромењено dramaticallyдраматично.
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iako se naš pristup smrti
promenio drastično.
01:15
Now, I'm an architectархитекта,
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Ja sam arhitekta
01:16
and for the pastпрошлост yearгодине and a halfпола
I've been looking at these changesПромене
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i proteklih godinu i po
posmatrala sam ove promene
01:20
and at what they mean for architectureархитектура
relatedповезан to deathсмрт and dyingумирање.
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i šta one znače za arhitekturu
vezanu za smrt i umiranje.
01:23
We now tendтенденција to dieумрети
of cancerрак and heartсрце diseaseболест,
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Sada umiremo od raka i bolesti srca
01:26
and what that meansзначи is that manyмноги of us
will have a long periodраздобље of chronichronične illnessболест
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i to znači da će mnogi od nas proći
kroz dug period hronične bolesti
01:30
at the endкрај of our livesживи.
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pred kraj naših života.
01:32
DuringTokom that periodраздобље,
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Tokom tog perioda,
01:33
we'llдобро likelyвероватно spendпотрошити a lot of time
in hospitalsболнице and hospicesdomovi and careнега homesдомови.
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verovatno ćemo provesti dosta vremena
u bolnicama i domovima za negu.
01:38
Now, we'veми смо all been in a modernмодеран hospitalболница.
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Svi smo bili u modernoj bolnici.
01:40
You know those fluorescentfluorescentna lightsсветла
and the endlessбескрајно corridorskoridori
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Znate ta fluorescentna svetla
i beskrajne hodnike
01:44
and those rowsRedovi of uncomfortableнеудобан chairsстолице.
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i redove neudobnih stolica.
01:47
HospitalBolnica architectureархитектура
has earnedзарадила its badлоше reputationрепутацију.
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Arhitektura bolnica zaslužila je
svoju lošu reputaciju.
01:50
But the surprisingизненађујуће thing is,
it wasn'tније always like this.
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Ali iznenađujuće je to
da nije bilo oduvek ovako.
01:54
This is L'OspedaleL'Ospedale deglidelji InnocentiInocenti,
builtизграђен in 1419 by BrunelleschiBruneleski,
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Ovo je "L'Ospedale degli Innocenti",
koju je 1419. sagradio Bruneleski,
01:58
who was one of the mostнајвише famousпознат
and influentialuticajni architectsархитекте of his time.
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koji je bio jedan od najpoznatijih
i najuticajnijih arhitekata svog vremena.
02:02
And when I look at this buildingзграде
and then think about hospitalsболнице todayданас,
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Kada pogledam ovu zgradu
i razmislim o bolnicama danas,
02:05
what amazesамазес me is
this building'szgrada je ambitionамбиција.
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zapanjuje me ambicija ove zgrade.
02:08
It's just a really great buildingзграде.
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To je prosto sjajna zgrada.
02:10
It has these courtyardsdvoriљtima in the middleсредина
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U sredini ima dvorišta
02:12
so that all of the roomsСобе
have daylightbela dana and freshсвеже airваздух,
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tako da sve sobe imaju
dnevnu svetlost i svež vazduh,
02:14
and the roomsСобе are bigвелики
and they have highвисоко ceilingsplafon,
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a sobe su prostrane i imaju visoke plafone
02:17
so they just feel
more comfortableудобан to be in.
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tako da je prosto udobnije
boraviti u njima.
02:19
And it's alsoтакође beautifulЛепа.
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Takođe je prelepa.
02:21
SomehowNekako, we'veми смо forgottenзаборављен
that that's even possibleмогуће for a hospitalболница.
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Nekako smo zaboravili da to i može
da bude slučaj sa bolnicom.
02:25
Now, if we want better buildingsзграде
for dyingумирање, then we have to talk about it,
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Ako želimo bolje zgrade u kojima se umire,
onda moramo da pričamo o tome,
02:29
but because we find the subjectпредмет
of deathсмрт uncomfortableнеудобан,
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ali pošto nam je tema smrti neprijatna,
02:31
we don't talk about it,
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ne pričamo o tome
02:33
and we don't questionпитање how we
as a societyдруштво approachприступ deathсмрт.
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i ne preispitujemo to kako mi
kao društvo pristupamo smrti.
Ipak, jedna od stvari koja me je najviše
iznenadila u mom istraživanju
02:36
One of the things that surprisedизненађени me
mostнајвише in my researchистраживање, thoughипак,
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02:39
is how changeablepromenljivo attitudesставови actuallyзаправо are.
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je koliko su stavovi promenljivi.
02:42
This is the first crematoriumkrematorijum in the U.K.,
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Ovo je prvi krematorijum
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,
02:44
whichкоја was builtизграђен in WokingWoking in the 1870s.
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koji je sagrađen u Voukingu 1870-tih.
02:47
And when this was first builtизграђен,
there were protestsпротести in the localлокално villageсело.
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Kada je sagrađen, u lokalnom selu
odvijali su se protesti.
Kremiranje nije bilo
društveno prihvatljivo
02:50
CremationKremiranje wasn'tније sociallyдруштвено acceptableприхватљив,
and 99.8 percentпроценат of people got buriedпокопан.
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i 99,8% ljudi je sahranjivano.
02:55
And yetјош увек, only a hundredсто yearsгодине laterкасније,
threeтри quartersчетврти of us get crematedкремиран.
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Ipak, samo sto godina kasnije,
tri četvrtine nas se kremira.
02:59
People are actuallyзаправо really openотворен
to changingпромена things
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Ljudi su zapravo
prilično otvoreni za promene,
03:02
if they're givenдато the chanceшанса
to talk about them.
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ukoliko imaju prilike da o njima pričaju.
03:04
So this conversationразговор
about deathсмрт and architectureархитектура
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Želela sam da započnem ovaj razgovor
o smrti i arhitekturi kada sam uradila
svoju prvu izložbu na tu temu
03:07
was what I wanted to startпочетак
when I did my first exhibitionИзложба on it
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03:10
in VeniceVenecija in JuneJuna,
whichкоја was calledпозвани "DeathSmrt in VeniceVenecija."
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u Veneciji u junu, koja se zvala
"Smrt u Veneciji".
03:14
It was designedдизајниран to be quiteприлично playfulrazigrani
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Smišljena je da bude veoma razigrana
03:17
so that people would
literallyбуквално engageангажовати with it.
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kako bi ljudi bukvalno učestvovali u njoj.
03:19
This is one of our exhibitsizložbe,
whichкоја is an interactiveинтерактивни mapМапа of LondonLondon
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Ovo je jedna od naših izložbi
koja je interaktivna mapa Londona
03:22
that showsпоказује just how much
of the realправи estateнекретнине in the cityград
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gde se vidi koliko je zapravo
nekretnina u gradu
03:25
is givenдато over to deathсмрт and dyingумирање,
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namenjeno smrti i umiranju,
03:27
and as you waveталас your handруку acrossпреко the mapМапа,
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i kako prolazite rukom preko mape,
03:29
the nameиме of that pieceпиеце of realправи estateнекретнине,
the buildingзграде or cemeterygroblje, is revealedotkrivena.
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otkriva se ime te nekretnine,
zgrade ili groblja.
03:34
AnotherDrugi of our exhibitsizložbe
was a seriesсерије of postcardsразгледнице
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Naša druga izložba
predstavljala je niz razglednica
03:37
that people could take away with them.
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koje su ljudi mogli da uzmu.
03:39
And they showedпоказао people'sљуди homesдомови
and hospitalsболнице
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Prikazivale su domove ljudi i bolnice
03:41
and cemeteriesgroblja and mortuariesmrtvaиnice,
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i groblja i mrtvačnice
03:44
and they tell the storyприча
of the differentразличит spacesпросторе
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i pričaju priču o različitim mestima
03:46
that we passпасс throughкроз
on eitherили sideстрана of deathсмрт.
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kroz koja prolazimo sa obe strane smrti.
03:49
We wanted to showсхов
that where we dieумрети
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Hteli smo da pokažemo da je to gde umiremo
03:51
is a keyкључ partдео of how we dieумрети.
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ključni deo toga kako umiremo.
03:54
Now, the strangestnajčudnija thing was the way
that visitorsпосетиоци reactedreagovala to the exhibitionИзложба,
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Najčudnije je bilo to kako su posetioci
reagovali na izložbu,
03:59
especiallyпосебно the audio-visualsliku i zvuk worksИзвођење радова.
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naročito na audio-vizuelna dela.
04:02
We had people dancingплес
and runningтрчање and jumpingскакање
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Ljudi su plesali i trčali i skakali okolo
04:05
as they triedПокушали to activateAktiviranje
the exhibitsizložbe in differentразличит waysначини,
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u pokušaju da aktiviraju izložbu
na različite načine
04:08
and at a certainизвестан pointтачка
they would kindкинд of stop
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i u nekom trenutku bi zastali
04:11
and rememberзапамтити that they were in
an exhibitionИзложба about deathсмрт,
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i setili se da su na izložbi o smrti,
04:13
and that maybe that's not
how you're supposedпретпостављено to actчинити.
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i da možda ne bi trebalo
tako da se ponašaju.
Ali ja bih se zapravo pitala
da li postoji samo jedan način
04:16
But actuallyзаправо, I would questionпитање
whetherда ли је there is one way
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04:19
that you're supposedпретпостављено to actчинити around deathсмрт,
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na koji treba da se ponašate kod smrti,
04:21
and if there's not, I'd askпитати you to think
about what you think a good deathсмрт is,
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a ako ne postoji, pitala bih vas
da razmislite o tome šta je dobra smrt
04:26
and what you think that architectureархитектура
that supportspodržava a good deathсмрт mightМожда be like,
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i kako mislite da treba da izgleda
arhitektura koja podržava dobru smrt
04:29
and mightn'tZar ne bi it be a little lessмање like this
and a little more like this?
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i zar ne bi bila malo manje nalik na ovo,
a malo više nalik na ovo?
04:34
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:36
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Mile Živković
Reviewed by Milenka Okuka

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.

Why you should listen

Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.

Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.

More profile about the speaker
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com