ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneer
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.

Why you should listen

Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.

More profile about the speaker
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxProvidence

Alyson McGregor: Why medicine often has dangerous side effects for women

Alyson McGregor: 為什麼女性服藥會有更嚴重的副作用

Filmed:
1,594,282 views

對過去近百年,允許上市的藥品都只在男性病人身上進行試驗,導致女性用藥時面臨劑量不當和不容許的副作用。女性和男性生理不同的重要性,最近才被考慮進醫學研究領域。急診醫生 Alyson McGregor 研究這些差異,並在這場精彩的演講中討論了男性如何成為醫學研究模式的歷史,以及如何藉由了解兩性的差異,促成對兩性更有效的治療方法。
- Women's health pioneer
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
We all go to doctors醫生.
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生病了我們都會去看醫生
00:16
And we do so with trust相信 and blind faith信仰
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因為我們深信不疑
00:21
that the test測試 they are ordering排序
and the medications藥物治療 they're prescribing處方
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醫生們所開出的檢查及用藥
00:25
are based基於 upon evidence證據 --
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都是基於
00:28
evidence證據 that's designed設計 to help us.
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為了要幫我們恢復健康
00:32
However然而, the reality現實 is that that hasn't有沒有
always been the case案件 for everyone大家.
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然而,事實並非全然如此
00:39
What if I told you
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如果我告訴你
00:40
that the medical science科學 discovered發現
over the past過去 century世紀
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過去一百年的醫學研究
00:44
has been based基於 on only
half the population人口?
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都只針對半數的人口,你會怎麼想?
00:48
I'm an emergency medicine醫學 doctor醫生.
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我是個急診醫生
00:50
I was trained熟練 to be prepared準備
in a medical emergency.
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我受的是醫療急救的專業訓練
00:54
It's about saving保存 lives生活. How cool is that?
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就是有關拯救生命的工作
聽起來很 “酷” 吧
01:00
OK, there's a lot of runny流鼻涕 noses鼻子
and stubbed存根 toes腳趾,
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好,那兒有很多流鼻水和腳趾踢傷的病人
01:03
but no matter who walks散步
through通過 the door to the ERER,
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但無論是那一個走進急診大門的病人
01:07
we order訂購 the same相同 tests測試,
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我們都開同樣的檢查
01:09
we prescribe規定 the same相同 medication藥物治療,
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開同樣的藥
01:11
without ever thinking思維 about the sex性別
or gender性別 of our patients耐心.
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連想都不去想病人的性別
01:17
Why would we?
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為什麼?
01:19
We were never taught that there were
any differences分歧 between之間 men男人 and women婦女.
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因為從來沒有人教過我們
男女病患會有什麼不一樣
01:22
A recent最近 Government政府 Accountability問責制 study研究
revealed透露 that 80 percent百分 of the drugs毒品
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最近一份政府責任署的統計調查顯示
01:27
withdrawn取消 from the market市場
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在所有下架的藥中有80%
01:29
are due應有 to side effects效果 on women婦女.
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是因為對女性有副作用
01:33
So let's think about that for a minute分鐘.
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所以讓我們想一下
01:35
Why are we discovering發現
side effects效果 on women婦女
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為什麼我們會在藥品上市之後
01:39
only after a drug藥物 has been
released發布 to the market市場?
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才發現它們會對女性有副作用?
01:43
Do you know that it takes years年份
for a drug藥物 to go from an idea理念
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要知道一種藥從一個概念
01:49
to being存在 tested測試 on cells細胞 in a laboratory實驗室,
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到在實驗室對細胞進行測試
01:52
to animal動物 studies學習,
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到對動物進行測試
01:54
to then clinical臨床 trials試驗 on humans人類,
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再到人體臨床測試
01:56
finally最後 to go through通過
a regulatory監管 approval贊同 process處理,
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最終到獲得上市許可
02:00
to be available可得到 for your doctor醫生
to prescribe規定 to you?
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再被醫生開出處方
通常需要很多年的時間
02:06
Not to mention提到 the millions百萬 and billions數十億
of dollars美元 of funding資金
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更不用說在研究過程中
02:09
it takes to go through通過 that process處理.
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所投入數百萬、數十億的研究經費
02:13
So why are we discovering發現
unacceptable不可接受 side effects效果
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為什麼我們在經過以上所有程序後
02:16
on half the population人口
after that has gone走了 through通過?
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才發現有半數人口
無法容忍的副作用呢?
02:23
What's happening事件?
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出什麼問題了?
02:24
Well, it turns out that those cells細胞
used in that laboratory實驗室,
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原來是因為那些在實驗室
被用來做檢測的細胞
02:28
they're male cells細胞,
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都是男性的細胞
02:30
and the animals動物 used
in the animal動物 studies學習 were male animals動物,
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動物檢測用的細胞
也都是雄性動物的細胞
02:34
and the clinical臨床 trials試驗 have been
performed執行 almost幾乎 exclusively on men男人.
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就連臨床測試也幾乎都針對男性
02:41
How is it that the male model模型 became成為
our framework骨架 for medical research研究?
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男性為什麼會成為我們
醫療研究的主要對象?
02:46
Let's look at an example that has been
popularized推廣 in the media媒體,
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我們來看看這個
在媒體上很受歡迎的例子
02:50
and it has to do
with the sleep睡覺 aid援助 Ambien安必恩.
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幫助睡眠的安眠藥- Ambien
02:53
Ambien安必恩 was released發布 on the market市場
over 20 years年份 ago,
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這藥已經上市超過20年
02:58
and since以來 then, hundreds數以百計 of millions百萬
of prescriptions處方 have been written書面,
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從上市至今已開出數億的處方簽
03:03
primarily主要 to women婦女, because women婦女
suffer遭受 more sleep睡覺 disorders障礙 than men男人.
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大多都是開給女性
因為女性較易有睡眠問題
03:09
But just this past過去 year,
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但就在去年
03:11
the Food餐飲 and Drug藥物 Administration行政
recommended推薦的 cutting切割 the dose劑量 in half
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食品藥物管理局提出建議
03:14
for women婦女 only,
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女性病患用藥量應減半
03:17
because they just realized實現
that women婦女 metabolize代謝 the drug藥物
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因為他們發現女性代謝安眠藥的速度
03:20
at a slower比較慢 rate than men男人,
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比男性慢
03:23
causing造成 them to wake喚醒 up in the morning早上
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這使得女性病患在起床後
03:25
with more of the active活性 drug藥物
in their system系統.
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身體中仍有藥物作用
03:28
And then they're drowsy昏昏欲睡 and they're
getting得到 behind背後 the wheel of the car汽車,
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因此她們在開車時仍昏昏欲睡
03:32
and they're at risk風險
for motor發動機 vehicle車輛 accidents事故.
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有出車禍的風險
03:36
And I can't help but think,
as an emergency physician醫師,
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身為一個急診醫生,我不禁自問
03:40
how many許多 of my patients耐心
that I've cared照顧 for over the years年份
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多年來我所照顧過的
03:45
were involved參與 in a motor發動機 vehicle車輛 accident事故
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車禍病患
03:48
that possibly或者 could have been prevented防止
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有多少人其實是能避免意外發生的
03:52
if this type類型 of analysis分析 was performed執行
and acted行動 upon 20 years年份 ago
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如果早在藥物剛上市的20年前
03:57
when this drug藥物 was first released發布.
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就能做這樣的分析研究的話
04:01
How many許多 other things need
to be analyzed分析 by gender性別?
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還有多少其他事需要做性別分析?
04:05
What else其他 are we missing失踪?
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我們還遺漏了那些環節?
04:09
World世界 War戰爭 IIII changed a lot of things,
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第二次世界大戰改變了許多事情
04:13
and one of them was this need
to protect保護 people
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其中之一是保護人們
04:16
from becoming變得 victims受害者 of medical research研究
without informed通知 consent同意.
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免於在沒有 ‘知情同意’ 的情況下
成為醫學研究的受害者
04:21
So some much-needed急需 guidelines方針
or rules規則 were set into place地點,
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許多迫切需要的準則或規則被設定了
04:25
and part部分 of that was this desire慾望
to protect保護 women婦女 of childbearing生育 age年齡
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而其中就有一些旨在保護生育年齡女性
04:30
from entering進入 into any
medical research研究 studies學習.
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避免進入任何醫學研究中
04:34
There was fear恐懼: what if something
happened發生 to the fetus胎兒 during the study研究?
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因為害怕,如果胎兒在研究中受到傷害
04:39
Who would be responsible主管?
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要由誰負責?
04:41
And so the scientists科學家們
at this time actually其實 thought
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所以當時的科學家認為
04:44
this was a blessing祝福 in disguise偽裝,
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這是因禍得福
04:47
because let's face面對 it -- men's男裝 bodies身體
are pretty漂亮 homogeneous同質.
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因為事實上,
男性的生理非常平穩
04:52
They don't have the constantly經常
fluctuating波動 levels水平 of hormones激素
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他們不會有
賀爾蒙週期性波動的問題
04:56
that could disrupt破壞 clean清潔 data數據
they could get if they had only men男人.
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如果科學家只用純男性研究對象,
就不會因而干擾到研究數據。
05:01
It was easier更輕鬆. It was cheaper便宜.
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這樣比較簡單,也比較便宜
05:05
Not to mention提到, at this time,
there was a general一般 assumption假設
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更不用說在那時候社會普遍認為
05:08
that men男人 and women婦女
were alike一樣 in every一切 way,
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男女之間沒有太大的差別
05:12
apart距離 from their reproductive生殖 organs器官
and sex性別 hormones激素.
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除了生殖器官以及性賀爾蒙外
05:17
So it was decided決定:
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所以達成共識
05:21
medical research研究 was performed執行 on men男人,
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醫學研究只對男性進行測試
05:24
and the results結果 were later後來
applied應用的 to women婦女.
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研究結果再套用在女性身上
05:29
What did this do to the notion概念
of women's女士的 health健康?
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這對女性建康表達什麼樣的概念?
05:32
Women's女士的 health健康 became成為 synonymous代名詞
with reproduction再生產:
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女性健康成為生殖的代名詞:
05:37
breasts乳房, ovaries卵巢, uterus子宮, pregnancy懷孕.
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乳房、卵巢、子宮、懷孕。
05:42
It's this term術語 we now refer參考
to as "bikini比基尼泳裝 medicine醫學."
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我們現在通稱為「比基尼醫學」
05:46
And this stayed this way
until直到 about the 1980s,
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這樣的觀念一直持續到1980年代
05:49
when this concept概念 was challenged挑戰
by the medical community社區
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才有醫界以及
05:52
and by the public上市 health健康 policymakers政策制定者
when they realized實現 that
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公衛決策者對此提出質疑。
當他們了解
05:56
by excluding排除 women婦女
from all medical research研究 studies學習
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從所有醫學研究排除女性
06:01
we actually其實 did them a disservice幫倒忙,
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事實上是幫倒忙
06:04
in that apart距離 from reproductive生殖 issues問題,
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除了生殖議題外
06:06
virtually實質上 nothing was known已知
about the unique獨特 needs需求
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其實我們對女性病患的特殊需求
06:09
of the female patient患者.
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一無所知
06:12
Since以來 that time, an overwhelming壓倒 amount
of evidence證據 has come to light
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從那時起,大量的証據暴露無遺地
06:18
that shows節目 us just how different不同
men男人 and women婦女 are in every一切 way.
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顯示男女之間有顯著的不同
06:29
You know, we have this saying in medicine醫學:
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你知道,在醫學界有此一說
06:32
children孩子 are not just little adults成年人.
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小孩並不是“小大人”
06:36
And we say that to remind提醒 ourselves我們自己
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我們用此來提醒自己
06:38
that children孩子 actually其實 have
a different不同 physiology生理 than normal正常 adults成年人.
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小孩子與大人的生理不同
06:44
And it's because of this that the medical
specialty專業 of pediatrics兒科 came來了 to light.
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也因此小兒專科才獨立出來
06:49
And we now conduct進行 research研究 on children孩子
in order訂購 to improve提高 their lives生活.
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現在,我們從事兒童醫學研究
以改善他們的生活
06:57
And I know the same相同 thing
can be said about women婦女.
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而我知道,女性也是一樣情況
06:59
Women婦女 are not just men男人
with boobs胸部 and tubes.
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女人並不只是多了胸部及「生殖腔」的男人
07:06
But they have their own擁有
anatomy解剖學 and physiology生理
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她們有自己的
解剖構造和生理狀況
07:10
that deserves值得 to be studied研究
with the same相同 intensity強度.
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需要有相同關注來研究
07:15
Let's take the cardiovascular心血管
system系統, for example.
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我用心血管系統來說明
07:18
This area in medicine醫學 has doneDONE the most
to try to figure數字 out
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醫學界在這方面作很多努力,
試圖找出
07:22
why it seems似乎 men男人 and women婦女 have
completely全然 different不同 heart attacks攻擊.
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為什麼男性與女性
心臟病的發作完全不同
07:27
Heart disease疾病 is the number one killer兇手
for both men男人 and women婦女,
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心臟病是導致男性及女性死亡的第一號殺手
07:33
but more women婦女 die within the first year
of having a heart attack攻擊 than men男人.
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但是在心臟病發作的第一年內
女性死亡多於男性
07:39
Men男人 will complain抱怨
of crushing破碎 chest胸部 pain疼痛 --
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發病時,男性會抱怨
壓迫性的胸口劇痛
07:43
an elephant is sitting坐在 on their chest胸部.
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像是有隻大象坐在胸口一般
07:46
And we call this typical典型.
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我們稱之為典型心臟病
07:49
Women婦女 have chest胸部 pain疼痛, too.
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女性也會感到胸痛
07:52
But more women婦女 than men男人
will complain抱怨 of "just not feeling感覺 right,"
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但大多數女性只會說感覺「不對勁」
08:00
"can't seem似乎 to get enough足夠 air空氣 in,"
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「吸不到空氣」
08:03
"just so tired lately最近."
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「最近總是非常累」
08:07
And for some reason原因 we call this atypical非典型的,
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而不知道為什麼,即使女性占了半數人口
08:09
even though雖然, as I mentioned提到,
women婦女 do make up half the population人口.
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我們仍稱之為非典型心臟病
08:15
And so what is some of the evidence證據
to help explain說明 some of these differences分歧?
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所以有什麼證據能解釋這些差異呢?
08:21
If we look at the anatomy解剖學,
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讓我們看看解剖學
08:24
the blood血液 vessels船隻 that surround環繞 the heart
are smaller in women婦女 compared相比 to men男人,
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環繞在心臟周圍的血管,
女性比男性來得小
08:30
and the way that those blood血液 vessels船隻
develop發展 disease疾病 is different不同
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血管病變發展的方式
08:35
in women婦女 compared相比 to men男人.
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男女相比,也不一樣
08:37
And the test測試 that we use to determine確定
if someone有人 is at risk風險 for a heart attack攻擊,
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我們現在用來診斷潛在心臟病的方法
08:43
well, they were initially原來 designed設計
and tested測試 and perfected完善 in men男人,
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當然,它當初也是針對
男性完美設計及測試的
08:47
and so aren't as good
at determining決定 that in women婦女.
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所以在診斷女性病患就不甚理想
08:52
And then if we think
about the medications藥物治療 --
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然後我們討論到藥品
08:55
common共同 medications藥物治療
that we use, like aspirin阿司匹林.
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一般常用的成藥,像是阿斯匹林
08:59
We give aspirin阿司匹林 to healthy健康 men男人 to help
prevent避免 them from having a heart attack攻擊,
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我們給健康男性
阿斯匹林來預防心臟病
09:04
but do you know that if you
give aspirin阿司匹林 to a healthy健康 woman女人,
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但是你知道嗎?
給健康女性阿斯匹林
09:08
it's actually其實 harmful有害?
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其實是有害的
09:12
What this is doing is merely僅僅 telling告訴 us
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這些都是在告訴我們
09:14
that we are scratching搔抓 the surface表面.
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我們了解的實在很淺
09:19
Emergency medicine醫學
is a fast-paced快節奏 business商業.
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急診醫學是一種快節奏的醫療事務!
09:23
In how many許多 life-saving救生 areas of medicine醫學,
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在挽救生命的醫療領域裡
09:26
like cancer癌症 and stroke行程,
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像是癌症或中風
09:30
are there important重要 differences分歧 between之間
men男人 and women婦女 that we could be utilizing利用?
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有那些男女間重要差異
我們可用以改進醫學呢?
09:36
Or even, why is it that some people
get those runny流鼻涕 noses鼻子
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或甚至為什麼有些人
09:41
more than others其他,
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比別人更容易流鼻水
09:43
or why the pain疼痛 medication藥物治療 that we give
to those stubbed存根 toes腳趾
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或為什麼用在踢傷腳趾的止痛藥
09:46
work in some and not in others其他?
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在一些人身上有較好的效果?
09:53
The Institute研究所 of Medicine醫學 has said
every一切 cell細胞 has a sex性別.
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醫學研究所已經發現每個細胞都有生理性別
09:59
What does this mean?
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這代表什麼?
10:02
Sex性別 is DNA脫氧核糖核酸.
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生理性別取決於DNA
10:04
Gender性別 is how someone有人
presents禮物 themselves他們自己 in society社會.
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社會性別則是
人們在社會上如何表現自己
10:09
And these two may可能 not always match比賽 up,
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這兩者並沒有絕對的等號
10:12
as we can see with our
transgendered變性 population人口.
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所以社會上有跨性別的族群
10:16
But it's important重要 to realize實現
that from the moment時刻 of conception概念,
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但我們要了解,在受孕的那一刻
10:21
every一切 cell細胞 in our bodies身體 --
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我們身體上的每一個細胞
10:23
skin皮膚, hair頭髮, heart and lungs --
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皮膚、頭髮、心臟或肺臟
10:27
contains包含 our own擁有 unique獨特 DNA脫氧核糖核酸,
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都有專屬於你的DNA
10:30
and that DNA脫氧核糖核酸 contains包含
the chromosomes染色體 that determine確定
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而這些DNA則含有
10:34
whether是否 we become成為
male or female, man or woman女人.
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決定你是男性或女性、男人或女人的染色體
10:40
It used to be thought
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過去曾普遍認為
10:42
that those sex-determining性別決定
chromosomes染色體 pictured合照 here --
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照片上這個決定性別的染色體
10:46
XYXY if you're male, XXXX if you're female --
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男性是XY,女性是XX
10:49
merely僅僅 determined決心 whether是否 you
would be born天生 with ovaries卵巢 or testes睾丸,
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只決定你會有卵巢或睪丸
10:54
and it was the sex性別 hormones激素
that those organs器官 produced生成
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而這些性器官製造的性賀爾蒙
10:58
that were responsible主管 for the differences分歧
we see in the opposite對面 sex性別.
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則負責表現出我們看見的性別外貌
11:04
But we now know that
that theory理論 was wrong錯誤 --
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但我們現在知道這個理論是錯誤的-
11:09
or it's at least最小 a little incomplete殘缺.
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或者至少是不完整的
11:12
And thankfully感激地, scientists科學家們 like Dr博士. Page
from the Whitehead白石 Institute研究所,
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幸好有懷特黑德生物醫學研究所
的科學家們(如:Page博士)
11:16
who works作品 on the Y chromosome染色體,
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一直在研究Y染色體
11:18
and Doctor醫生 Yang from UCLA加州大學洛杉磯分校,
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以及來自加州大學洛杉磯分校的楊博士
11:21
they have found發現 evidence證據 that tells告訴 us
that those sex-determining性別決定 chromosomes染色體
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他們找到證據說明
決定我們性別的染色體
11:26
that are in every一切 cell細胞 in our bodies身體
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存在於身體裡的每一個細胞
11:29
continue繼續 to remain active活性
for our entire整個 lives生活
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終身活躍
11:36
and could be what's responsible主管
for the differences分歧 we see
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也能說明這些染色體和
11:40
in the dosing劑量 of drugs毒品,
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用藥劑量上的差異是有關的
11:42
or why there are differences分歧
between之間 men男人 and women婦女
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同時說明了為什麼男性和女性
11:45
in the susceptibility感受性
and severity嚴重 of diseases疾病.
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在疾病的敏感度和嚴重度是不同的
11:51
This new knowledge知識 is the game-changer改變遊戲規則,
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這個新知將徹底改變以往的認知
11:57
and it's up to those scientists科學家們
that continue繼續 to find that evidence證據,
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現在,科學家的責任
是要繼續發現証據
12:00
but it's up to the clinicians臨床醫生
to start開始 translating翻譯 this data數據
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而臨床醫生的責任是
要解讀運用這些數據
12:05
at the bedside床頭, today今天.
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在臨床上
12:09
Right now.
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現在
12:13
And to help do this, I'm a co-founder聯合創始人
of a national國民 organization組織
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為了協助這項研究,
我協同創立了一個全國性組織
12:16
called Sex性別 and Gender性別
Women's女士的 Health健康 Collaborative共同,
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生理性別和社會性別女性健康協會
12:19
and we collect蒐集 all of this data數據
so that it's available可得到 for teaching教學
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我們收集所有相關的
研究數據用於教學
12:24
and for patient患者 care關心.
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及病人照護
12:26
And we're working加工 to bring帶來 together一起
the medical educators教育工作者 to the table.
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我們努力聚集
醫學教育家們一起研議
12:31
That's a big job工作.
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這是一項大工程
12:34
It's changing改變 the way medical training訓練
has been doneDONE since以來 its inception成立.
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從成立日起,它正改變
醫學訓練的方式
12:41
But I believe in them.
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但我相信我們能成功
12:43
I know they're going to see the value
of incorporating結合 the gender性別 lens鏡片
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他們會看到將性別研究
12:49
into the current當前 curriculum課程.
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納入現有課程的意義所在
12:52
It's about training訓練 the future未來
health健康 care關心 providers供應商 correctly正確地.
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這事關正確教導未來的醫護人員
13:00
And regionally區域,
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在當地
13:01
I'm a co-creator聯合創始人 of a division within
the Department of Emergency Medicine醫學
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我是布朗大學急診醫學科的
13:05
here at Brown棕色 University大學,
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“生理和社會性别急救醫學部門”
13:07
called Sex性別 and Gender性別
in Emergency Medicine醫學,
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的聯合創始人
13:09
and we conduct進行 the research研究 to determine確定
the differences分歧 between之間 men男人 and women婦女
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我們致力於研究男性和女性
13:14
in emergent應急 conditions條件,
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在緊急情況下的不同反應
13:16
like heart disease疾病 and stroke行程
and sepsis膿血症 and substance物質 abuse濫用,
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比如心臟病和中風、
敗血症和藥物濫用
13:21
but we also believe
that education教育 is paramount最重要的.
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但我們始終相信
教育才是最重要的
13:27
We've我們已經 created創建 a 360-degree-度
model模型 of education教育.
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我們建立了全方位的教學模式
13:31
We have programs程式 for the doctors醫生,
for the nurses護士, for the students學生們
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我們有針對醫生、護士、學生
13:37
and for the patients耐心.
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以及病人的課程
13:39
Because this cannot不能 just be left up
to the health健康 care關心 leaders領導者.
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因為我們不能把問題
都留給醫療保健的管理者
13:44
We all have a role角色 in making製造 a difference區別.
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我們都有一份責任來改變現狀
13:48
But I must必須 warn警告 you: this is not easy簡單.
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但要提醒的是:改變並不簡單
13:53
In fact事實, it's hard.
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實際上,非常困難
13:57
It's essentially實質上 changing改變 the way
we think about medicine醫學
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基本上,它改變我們對醫學、健康和研究
14:01
and health健康 and research研究.
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的思考方式
14:05
It's changing改變 our relationship關係
to the health健康 care關心 system系統.
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它也正在改變我們和醫療保健系统之間的關係
14:09
But there's no going back.
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這已沒有退路可選
14:13
We now know just enough足夠
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我們現在知道的
14:17
to know that we weren't doing it right.
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僅能理解我們以前做的是錯誤的
14:21
Martin馬丁 Luther路德 King國王, JrJR. has said,
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馬丁路德金曾說過
14:24
"Change更改 does not roll in
on the wheels車輪 of inevitability必然性,
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改變並不會自然而然發生
14:28
but comes through通過 continuous連續 struggle鬥爭."
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而是經過持續不斷的奮鬥
14:32
And the first step
towards change更改 is awareness意識.
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改變的第一步就是覺醒
14:36
This is not just about improving提高
medical care關心 for women婦女.
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這不僅僅指改善女性的醫療保健
14:40
This is about personalized個性化,
individualized個性化 health健康 care關心 for everyone大家.
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更指的是每個人的個別化醫療保健
14:47
This awareness意識 has the power功率 to transform轉變
medical care關心 for men男人 and women婦女.
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覺醒的力量能轉變
對男性或女生的醫療照護
14:54
And from now on, I want you
to ask your doctors醫生
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從現在起
我希望你詢問你的醫生
15:00
whether是否 the treatments治療 you are receiving接收
are specific具體 to your sex性別 and gender性別.
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你所接受的治療是否是針對
你的生理和社會性別的
15:06
They may可能 not know the answer回答 --
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他們也許並不知道答案
15:08
yet然而.
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至少現在是
15:11
But the conversation會話 has begun開始,
and together一起 we can all learn學習.
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但至少這有了個開始,
我們可以一起學習
15:15
Remember記得, for me
and my colleagues同事 in this field領域,
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記住,對於我和我的同事而言
15:20
your sex性別 and gender性別 matter.
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你的性別是重要的
15:23
Thank you.
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謝謝
15:24
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Yujia Zhai
Reviewed by Max Chern

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alyson McGregor - Women's health pioneer
Alyson McGregor studies women's health, especially as it relates to emergency care -- when time-sensitive, life-or-death decisions are made using drugs and treatments mainly tested on men.

Why you should listen

Alyson J. McGregor MD is co-founder and director for the Sex and Gender in Emergency Medicine (SGEM) Division (formerly Women’s Health in Emergency Care) within the Department of Emergency Medicine at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.

Her group's aim is to establish research and educational endeavors that promote sex- and gender-specific medicine and women’s health as they relate to emergency care. Dr. McGregor received her medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine and residency training at Brown, where she continues to work as an attending physician at RI Hospital Emergency Department. Dr. McGregor is an Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and also serves as co-director for the SGEM Fellowship and co-founder of the national organization Sex and Gender Women’s Health Collaborative.

More profile about the speaker
Alyson McGregor | Speaker | TED.com