TED@Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Julian Burschka: What your breath could reveal about your health
朱利安·布爾施卡: 呼吸能透露你的身體狀況
Filmed:
Readability: 5.7
2,091,356 views
沒有任何一種方法比在病徵發生之前就發現及治療還來得有效，這也就是醫學篩檢
例如射線照相術、核磁共振成像以及抽血的用意。不過其實還有一種被大家忽略
且非常有潛力的方法：呼氣分析。技術專家朱利安·布爾施卡分享了一種最新的科技，也就是呼氣分析——你吐氣時的揮發性有機化合物——以及它是如何變身為在預測及預防疾病上，強而有力的工具。
Julian Burschka - Technologist
Driven by his curiosity, Julian Burschka is combining multiple technical disciplines with strong business acumen to drive innovation and enable new technological advancements. Full bio
Driven by his curiosity, Julian Burschka is combining multiple technical disciplines with strong business acumen to drive innovation and enable new technological advancements. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
我總喜歡先去設想最壞的結果，
00:12
I have a tendency to assume the worst,
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00:15
and once in a while,
this habit plays tricks on me.
this habit plays tricks on me.
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這種習慣偶爾會把我搞糊塗。
00:18
For example, if I feel
unexpected pain in my body
unexpected pain in my body
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如果我身體上有莫名的疼痛，
00:21
that I have not experienced before
and that I cannot attribute,
and that I cannot attribute,
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以前未曾經歷過，
我也找不到原因。
我也找不到原因。
00:25
then all of a sudden, my mind
might turn a tense back into heart disease
might turn a tense back into heart disease
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然後突然間，我可能會
將我僵直的背想成是心臟病。
將我僵直的背想成是心臟病。
00:30
or calf muscle pain
into deep vein thrombosis.
into deep vein thrombosis.
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或是將小腿肚疼痛，
想成是深部靜脈血栓。
想成是深部靜脈血栓。
00:33
But so far, I haven't been diagnosed
with any deadly or incurable disease.
with any deadly or incurable disease.
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不過到目前為止，我還沒有
被診斷出有致命的或不治之症。
被診斷出有致命的或不治之症。
00:37
Sometimes things just hurt
for no clear reason.
for no clear reason.
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有時我們就是會有不明原因的疼痛。
00:41
But not everyone is as lucky as me.
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但不是每個人都像我這麼幸運。
00:43
Every year, more than
50 million people die worldwide.
50 million people die worldwide.
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全世界每年有超過 5000 萬人死亡。
00:48
Especially in high-income
economies like ours,
economies like ours,
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特別在高所得國家，如我們國家；
00:51
a large fraction of deaths is caused
by slowly progressing diseases:
by slowly progressing diseases:
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進展緩慢的疾病
占了死亡人數的大部分。
占了死亡人數的大部分。
00:56
heart disease, chronic lung disease,
cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes,
cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes,
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例如：心臟病、慢性肺病、
癌症、阿茲海默症及糖尿病。
癌症、阿茲海默症及糖尿病。
01:00
just to name a few.
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但這只是少數的一些例子。
現今，人類在檢測及治療許多
這些疾病上，已經有了重大的進展。
這些疾病上，已經有了重大的進展。
01:03
Now, humanity has made tremendous progress
in diagnosing and treating many of these.
in diagnosing and treating many of these.
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01:08
But we are at a stage
where further advancement in health
where further advancement in health
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不過我們正處於
要在健康有更進一步的發展，
要在健康有更進一步的發展，
01:12
cannot be achieved only
by developing new treatments.
by developing new treatments.
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不能只靠研發新的療法的階段。
01:15
And this becomes evident
when we look at one aspect
when we look at one aspect
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當我們看到許多疾病有共同點的
這個方面時，
這個方面時，
01:17
that many of these
diseases have in common:
diseases have in common:
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這就變得更顯而易見了。
01:21
the probability for successful treatment
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這個共同點就是
疾病被治癒的機率，
疾病被治癒的機率，
01:24
strongly depends on
when treatment is started.
when treatment is started.
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與開始治療的時間點有很大的關聯。
01:27
But a disease is typically only detected
once symptoms occur.
once symptoms occur.
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不過通常只有在症狀出現時
疾病才會被發現。
疾病才會被發現。
01:31
The problem here is that, in fact,
many diseases can remain asymptomatic,
many diseases can remain asymptomatic,
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問題是：其實許多疾病沒有症狀，
01:36
hence undetected,
for a long period of time.
for a long period of time.
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因此，疾病會有很長一段時間
沒有被發現。
沒有被發現。
01:39
Because of this, there is
a persisting need for new ways
a persisting need for new ways
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因此，我們必需有一個新的方法
01:43
of detecting disease at early stage,
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能在疾病早期以及症狀出現以前，
就檢測到疾病。
就檢測到疾病。
01:45
way before any symptoms occur.
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01:49
In health care, this is called screening.
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在醫療保健，這就是篩檢。
世界衛生組織對它的定義是：
01:51
And as defined by
the World Health Organization,
the World Health Organization,
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01:54
screening is "the presumptive
identification of unrecognized disease
identification of unrecognized disease
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「利用可迅速及簡單操作的檢查，
在看似健康的人身上
02:00
in an apparently healthy person,
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02:02
by means of tests ... that can be applied
rapidly and easily ..."
rapidly and easily ..."
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找出疑似的病症。」
02:07
That's a long definition,
so let me repeat it:
so let me repeat it:
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這個定義有點長，
我們再重複一次，篩選的定義是：
我們再重複一次，篩選的定義是：
「利用可迅速及簡單操作的檢查，
02:10
identification of unrecognized disease
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在看似健康的人身上
02:13
in an apparently healthy person
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找出疑似的病例。」
02:16
by means of tests that can be applied
both rapidly and easily.
both rapidly and easily.
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02:20
And I want to put special emphasis
on the words "rapidly" and "easily"
on the words "rapidly" and "easily"
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我想強調它所說的
「迅速」及「簡單」。
「迅速」及「簡單」。
因為與目前現行的篩檢相比，
02:23
because many of the existing
screening methods
screening methods
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02:25
are exactly the opposite.
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恰恰是完全相反的。
02:28
And those of you
who have undergone colonoscopy
who have undergone colonoscopy
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那些曾做過結腸鏡檢查，
02:30
as part of a screening program
for colorectal cancer
for colorectal cancer
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那是結腸癌篩選的其中一項，
02:34
will know what I mean.
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就知道我要表達的意思。
02:37
Obviously, there's a variety
of medical tools available
of medical tools available
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目前有許多可用的醫療工具種類，
02:40
to perform screening tests.
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能夠用來做篩檢。
02:42
This ranges from imaging techniques
such as radiography
such as radiography
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從醫療成像技術，如射線照相術，
02:46
or magnetic resonance imaging
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或是核磁共振成像，
02:48
to the analysis of blood or tissue.
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和血液分析及組織分析，
02:50
We have all had such tests.
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我們一直都有這些技術。
02:53
But there's one medium
that for long has been overlooked:
that for long has been overlooked:
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不過另外還有個篩選方法，
一直被我們給忽略了。
一直被我們給忽略了。
02:57
a medium that is easily accessible,
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一個更為容易取得的方法，
03:00
basically nondepletable,
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它的來源很充足，
03:02
and it holds tremendous promise
for medical analysis.
for medical analysis.
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而且它在醫學分析的前景很被看好，
03:06
And that is our breath.
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那就是我們的呼氣。
03:10
Human breath is essentially
composed of five components:
composed of five components:
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我們的呼氣主要由五種成分組成 ：
03:14
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide,
water and argon.
water and argon.
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氮氣、氧氣、二氧化碳、水及氬。
03:21
But besides these five, there are
hundreds of other components
hundreds of other components
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除了這主要的五種之外，
還有其他數百種極少量的成分。
03:24
that are present in very low quantity.
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03:27
These are called volatile
organic compounds,
organic compounds,
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這些被稱為「揮發性有機化合物」。
03:29
and we release hundreds,
even thousands of them
even thousands of them
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每當我們吐氣時，
我們釋放出成千上百種的
揮發性有機化合物。
揮發性有機化合物。
03:32
every time we exhale.
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03:35
The analysis of these volatile
organic compounds in our breath
organic compounds in our breath
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這些揮發性有機化合物的分析，
03:38
is called breath analysis.
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我們稱為呼氣分析。
03:41
In fact, I believe that many of you
have already experienced breath analysis.
have already experienced breath analysis.
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其實在場就有許多聽眾
做過這種呼氣分析。
做過這種呼氣分析。
03:45
Imagine: you're driving home
late at night,
late at night,
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想像一下：在深夜你驅車回家，
03:48
when suddenly, there's
a friendly police officer
a friendly police officer
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突然間有個友善的警察將你攔住，
03:51
who asks you kindly but firmly
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以和善但堅定的口氣，請你停車。
03:54
to pull over and blow
into a device like this one.
into a device like this one.
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請你對著類似這個裝置吐氣。
03:59
This is an alcohol breath tester
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這是一個酒精濃度探測器，
04:02
that is used to measure
the ethanol concentration in your breath
the ethanol concentration in your breath
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用來測量你體內的酒精濃度，
04:06
and determine whether driving
in your condition is a clever idea.
in your condition is a clever idea.
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以確認你目前的身體情況
是否適合開車。
是否適合開車。
04:10
Now, I'd say my driving was pretty good,
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我得說我的開車技術還算出色，
04:12
but let me check.
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不過讓我檢測看看。
04:14
(Beep)
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（嗶）
04:20
0.0, so nothing
to worry about, all fine.
to worry about, all fine.
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酒精濃度為零 ，
沒有什麼好擔心的。
沒有什麼好擔心的。
04:23
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:26
Now imagine a device like this one,
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想像一下類似這種的裝置，
04:28
that does not only measure
alcohol levels in your breath,
alcohol levels in your breath,
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它不只能夠檢測酒精濃度，
04:31
but that detects diseases
like the ones I've shown you
like the ones I've shown you
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還可以檢測我前面提到的疾病，
04:35
and potentially many more.
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甚至可能檢測到更多的疾病。
04:38
The concept of correlating
the smell of a person's breath
the smell of a person's breath
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一個人呼氣的氣味，
04:42
with certain medical conditions,
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與特定身體狀況有關聯的概念，
04:44
in fact, dates back to Ancient Greece.
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其實可以追朔到古希臘時期。
04:47
But only recently, research efforts
on breath analysis have skyrocketed,
on breath analysis have skyrocketed,
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不過一直到了最近，
呼氣分析的研究才有飛速的進展.
呼氣分析的研究才有飛速的進展.
04:52
and what once was a dream
is now becoming reality.
is now becoming reality.
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我們曾有的夢想已經實現。
04:57
And let me pull up this list again
that I showed you earlier.
that I showed you earlier.
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讓我們再看一次
我先前顯示在螢幕的列表。
我先前顯示在螢幕的列表。
05:01
For the majority of diseases listed here,
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在這清單內大多數的疾病，
05:04
there's substantial scientific evidence
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它們本質上的科學跡象，
05:06
suggesting that the disease
could be detected by breath analysis.
could be detected by breath analysis.
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顯示它們能以呼氣分析檢測出來。
05:11
But how does it work, exactly?
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這是如何運作的呢？
05:14
The essential part is a sensor device
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其中最重要的部分是，
一台能夠偵測
揮發性有機化合物的感測器。
揮發性有機化合物的感測器。
05:17
that detects the volatile
organic compounds in our breath.
organic compounds in our breath.
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05:21
Simply put: when exposed
to a breath sample,
to a breath sample,
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簡單來說：當偵測到呼氣樣本時，
05:24
the sensor outputs a complex signature
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來自我們呼氣裡的
揮發性有機化合物，
揮發性有機化合物，
05:27
that results from the mixture of volatile
organic compounds that we exhale.
organic compounds that we exhale.
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能夠使感測器
產生一種複雜的信號。
產生一種複雜的信號。
05:32
Now, this signature represents
a fingerprint of your metabolism,
a fingerprint of your metabolism,
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這種信號就像是體內的新陳代謝，
05:36
your microbiome
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、微生物、
05:37
and the biochemical processes
that occur in your body.
that occur in your body.
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以及生化過程的鑑別性標記。
05:41
If you have a disease,
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如果你的身上有疾病，
05:43
your organism will change,
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你身上的有機物將會產生變化，
05:45
and so will the composition
of your exhaled breath.
of your exhaled breath.
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其中也包括了
你呼氣時的氣體成分，
你呼氣時的氣體成分，
05:49
And then the only thing that is left to do
is to correlate a certain signature
is to correlate a certain signature
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最後你唯一要做的事就是
檢測那些特定的信號，
檢測那些特定的信號，
05:54
with the presence or absence
of certain medical conditions.
of certain medical conditions.
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查看它是否符合那些
特定的身體狀況。
特定的身體狀況。
05:59
The technology promises
several undeniable benefits.
several undeniable benefits.
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這種科技會帶來許多
不可否認的好處。
不可否認的好處。
06:03
Firstly, the sensor can be miniaturized
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首先，感測器能夠微型化，
06:06
and integrated into small,
handheld devices
handheld devices
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並結合至手提式的裝置，
06:09
like this alcohol breath tester.
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就像是酒精濃度探測器一樣。
06:12
This would allow the test to be used
in many different settings
in many different settings
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這使得我們能夠
在許多地點進行檢測，
在許多地點進行檢測，
06:15
and even at home,
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甚至在家裡也可以。
06:17
so that a visit at the doctor's office
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因此，我們再也不需要每當要檢測時，
06:19
is not needed each time
a test shall be performed.
a test shall be performed.
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就跑到診所或醫院進行。
06:22
Secondly, breath analysis is noninvasive
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其次，呼氣分析為非侵入式，
06:26
and can be as simple as blowing
into an alcohol breath tester.
into an alcohol breath tester.
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就像是對著
酒精濃度探測機呼氣那麼簡單。
酒精濃度探測機呼氣那麼簡單。
06:30
Such simplicity and ease of use
would reduce patient burden
would reduce patient burden
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如此簡單的使用方法
能夠減輕病人的負擔，
能夠減輕病人的負擔，
06:35
and provide an incentive
for broad adoption of the technology.
for broad adoption of the technology.
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同時也是一個能讓大家能
廣泛接受這項技術的誘因。
廣泛接受這項技術的誘因。
06:39
And thirdly, the technology is so flexible
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第三點，這項技術非常靈活。
06:44
that the same device could be used
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同部裝置，
06:46
to detect a broad range
of medical conditions.
of medical conditions.
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能夠同時被用來檢測
各式各樣的身體狀況。
各式各樣的身體狀況。
06:50
Breath analysis could be used to screen
for multiple diseases at the same time.
for multiple diseases at the same time.
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呼氣分析能同時篩檢多種疾病。
06:56
Nowadays, each disease typically requires
a different medical tool
a different medical tool
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現今，每種疾病通常需要
不同的醫療工具
不同的醫療工具
06:59
to perform a screening test.
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才能進行那個疾病的篩檢。
07:01
But this means you can only find
what you're looking for.
what you're looking for.
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但是這表示你只能篩檢出
你想找到的疾病。
你想找到的疾病。
07:06
With all of these features,
breath analysis is predestined
breath analysis is predestined
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有了這些特點
呼氣分析技術註定將取代
呼氣分析技術註定將取代
07:10
to deliver what many traditional
screening tests are lacking.
screening tests are lacking.
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那些傳統篩檢儀器所沒有的部分。
07:14
And most importantly,
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更重要的是，
07:16
all of these features should
eventually provide us
eventually provide us
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這些特點最終將提供給我們
07:19
with a platform for medical analysis
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一個醫療分析平台
能夠以吸引人的低廉價格做測試。
07:22
that can operate at attractively
low cost per test.
low cost per test.
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07:27
On the contrary, existing medical tools
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相對地，現有的醫療工具，
07:30
often lead to rather high cost per test.
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單次使用的費用都相當高昂。
07:33
Then, in order to keep costs down,
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為了降低檢測的費用，
07:36
the number of tests
needs to be restricted,
needs to be restricted,
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篩檢的數量必須被限制，
07:39
and this means (a) that the tests
can only be performed
can only be performed
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這表示（ａ）：
只有少數的人，像是高風險族群，
才能夠接受篩檢。
才能夠接受篩檢。
07:42
on a narrow part of the population,
for example, the high-risk population;
for example, the high-risk population;
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07:47
and (b) that the number of tests
per person needs to be kept at a minimum.
per person needs to be kept at a minimum.
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以及（ｂ）：每個人的篩檢項目總數
必須盡量減到最低。
必須盡量減到最低。
07:53
But wouldn't it actually be beneficial
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如果能夠讓更多的民眾
07:55
if the test was performed
on a larger group of people,
on a larger group of people,
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在長時間內做更頻繁的篩檢
07:58
and more often and over a longer period
of time for each individual?
of time for each individual?
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實際上不是才更有益處嗎？
08:03
Especially the latter would give access
to something very valuable
to something very valuable
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尤其是後者會帶給
我們相當重要的價值，
我們相當重要的價值，
08:07
that is called longitudinal data.
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那就是長時間的數據。
08:10
Longitudinal data is a data set
that tracks the same patient
that tracks the same patient
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長時間的數據
是紀錄同一個病患的病況
是紀錄同一個病患的病況
數月甚至數年的資料庫。
08:15
over the course of many months or years.
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08:19
Nowadays, medical decisions
are often based on a limited data set,
are often based on a limited data set,
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現今，醫療決策通常是根據患者
08:24
where only a glimpse
of a patient's medical history
of a patient's medical history
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有限的醫療病史，
08:27
is available for decision-making.
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來決定的。
08:30
In such a case,
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在這種情況下，
08:32
abnormalities are typically detected
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我們只能藉由
08:35
by comparing a patient's health profile
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將患者的健康狀況
08:37
to the average health profile
of a reference population.
of a reference population.
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和平均參考人口的健康狀況做比較
來偵測到病患的異常狀態。
來偵測到病患的異常狀態。
08:42
Longitudinal data would
open up a new dimension
open up a new dimension
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長時間的數據
為我們打開了嶄新的空間，
為我們打開了嶄新的空間，
08:46
and allow abnormalities to be detected
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使我們能夠根據患者的醫療病史，
08:49
based on a patient's own medical history.
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檢測出患者身上的異常情況。
08:52
This will pave the way
for personalized treatment.
for personalized treatment.
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這將爲客製化的療程鋪路。
08:56
Sounds pretty great, right?
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聽起來很棒，不是嗎？
08:59
Now you will certainly have a question
that is something like,
that is something like,
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現在你們一定都有這個問題，如：
09:02
"If the technology is as great as he says,
then why aren't we using it today?"
then why aren't we using it today?"
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「如果這項技術真如你所說的這麼好，
為什麼現今還無人使用呢？」
為什麼現今還無人使用呢？」
09:07
And the only answer I can give you is:
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我只能給你們答案是：
09:09
not everything is as easy as it sounds.
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不是每件事都像
它聽起來的這麼簡單。
它聽起來的這麼簡單。
09:12
There are technical
challenges, for example.
challenges, for example.
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這中間存在了技術的挑戰，例如：
09:16
There's the need for
extremely reliable sensors
extremely reliable sensors
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我們需要一個極其可靠的感測器，
09:19
that can detect mixtures
of volatile organic compounds
of volatile organic compounds
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能夠偵測到揮發性
有機化合物的混合體，
有機化合物的混合體，
09:22
with sufficient reproducibility.
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並有著充足的再現性，
09:25
And another technical challenge is this:
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另一個技術的挑戰是：
09:28
How do you sample a person's breath
in a very defined manner
in a very defined manner
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你如何以非常明確的方式
採集患者的呼氣樣本，
採集患者的呼氣樣本，
09:33
so that the sampling process itself
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以使採集樣本的過程中，
09:35
does not alter the result of the analysis?
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不會改變樣本分析的結果呢？
09:39
And there's the need for data.
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然後，我們需要數據資料。
09:41
Breath analysis needs
to be validated in clinical trials,
to be validated in clinical trials,
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呼氣分析需要用臨床實驗來佐證，
09:45
and enough data needs to be collected
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我們需要收集足夠多的數據資料，
09:48
so that individual conditions
can be measured against baselines.
can be measured against baselines.
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才能在基線資料上，
比較出個別患者的健康狀況。
比較出個別患者的健康狀況。
09:53
Breath analysis can only succeed
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呼氣分析只有在
09:55
if a large enough data set
can be generated
can be generated
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有足夠多的數據資料
09:58
and made available for broad use.
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並能被廣泛的使用下才能成功。
10:03
If breath analysis
holds up to its promises,
holds up to its promises,
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如果呼氣分析能實現它的承諾，
10:06
this is a technology
that could truly aid us
that could truly aid us
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這項技術將幫助我們
10:09
to transform our health care system --
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翻轉我們的醫療照護體系，
10:12
transform it from a reactive system
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從一個被動、
10:15
where treatment is triggered
by symptoms of disease
by symptoms of disease
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只有症狀出現時才會有反應的體系，
10:18
to a proactive system,
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成為能在早期發現疾病，
10:20
where disease detection,
diagnosis and treatment
diagnosis and treatment
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早在症狀開始之前，
10:24
can happen at early stage,
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就能先偵測、診斷和治療的
10:25
way before any symptoms occur.
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醫療照護體系。
10:29
Now this brings me to my last point,
and it's a fundamental one.
and it's a fundamental one.
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這把我們帶到了
最後且最核心的問題：
最後且最核心的問題：
10:33
What exactly is a disease?
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究竟什麼是疾病？
10:36
Imagine that breath analysis
can be commercialized as I describe it,
can be commercialized as I describe it,
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想像一下呼氣分析能夠商業化，
10:40
and early detection becomes routine.
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早期的篩檢變成常規的身體檢查，
10:44
A problem that remains
is, in fact, a problem
is, in fact, a problem
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剩下的一個問題，其實也是
10:46
that any screening activity has to face
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任何一個篩檢都要面對的問題，
10:49
because, for many diseases,
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就是疾病的種類極多，
10:51
it is often impossible to predict
with sufficient certainty
with sufficient certainty
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你不可能百分之百的確定
10:55
whether the disease
would ever cause any symptoms
would ever cause any symptoms
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你身上的疾病是否會出現症狀，
10:58
or put a person's life at risk.
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或者將置你於險地。
11:00
This is called overdiagnosis,
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我們將這稱之為過度診斷，
11:03
and it leads to a dilemma.
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這給了我們一個難題。
11:05
If a disease is identified,
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當我們診斷出有疾病時，
11:08
you could decide not to treat it
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你可以決定不去治療它，
11:10
because there's a certain probability
that you would never suffer from it.
that you would never suffer from it.
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因為你有可能不會有病痛。
11:14
But how much would you suffer
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但是當你得知
你身上有可能致死的疾病時，
你身上有可能致死的疾病時，
11:16
just from knowing that you have
a potentially deadly disease?
a potentially deadly disease?
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你的心理折磨
會被疾病本身來的小嗎？
會被疾病本身來的小嗎？
11:19
And wouldn't you actually regret
that the disease was detected
that the disease was detected
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你會不會後悔
當初你的病被診斷出來。
11:22
in the first place?
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11:25
Your second option
is to undergo early treatment
is to undergo early treatment
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你的第二種選擇
是去接受早期治療，
是去接受早期治療，
11:29
with the hope for curing it.
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並祈禱能夠治好它。
11:31
But often, this would not come
without side effects.
without side effects.
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不過治療通常也伴隨著副作用，
11:37
To be precise:
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更準確地說，
11:39
the bigger problem is not overdiagnosis,
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更大的問題不是過度診斷，
11:42
it's overtreatment,
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而是過度治療。
11:43
because not every disease
has to be treated immediately
has to be treated immediately
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因為不是因為有治療方法，
11:46
just because a treatment is available.
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你就需要立即去醫治疾病。
11:51
The increasing adoption
of routine screening
of routine screening
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日益增加的常規篩檢，
11:54
will raise the question:
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將使另一個問題浮現：
11:57
What do we call a disease
that can rationalize treatment,
that can rationalize treatment,
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我們該如何看待一個疾病
是需要治療，
是需要治療，
還是不需要疑慮的身體異常而已？
12:01
and what is just an abnormality
that should not be a source of concern?
that should not be a source of concern?
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12:07
My hopes are that routine screening
using breath analysis
using breath analysis
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我希望，常規的呼氣分析篩檢
12:12
can provide enough data and insight
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能夠提供足夠的資料及見解
12:15
so that at some point,
we'll be able to break this dilemma
we'll be able to break this dilemma
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讓我們在未來能夠打破這種僵局，
12:19
and predict with sufficient certainty
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並且有十足的把握預測
12:22
whether and when to treat at early stage.
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它是否需要或何時
該進行早期的治療。
該進行早期的治療。
12:26
Our breath and the mixture of volatile
organic compounds that we exhale
organic compounds that we exhale
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我們吐氣時的揮發性有機化合物，
12:31
hold tremendous amounts of information
on our physiological condition.
on our physiological condition.
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蘊含著我們生理上的龐大資訊。
12:37
With what we know today,
we have only scratched the surface.
we have only scratched the surface.
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我們目前對它的理解只是冰山的一角。
12:41
As we collect more and more data
and breath profiles across the population,
and breath profiles across the population,
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當我們從更多人口中
收集更多數據資料，
收集更多數據資料，
12:46
including all varieties of gender,
age, origin and lifestyle,
age, origin and lifestyle,
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包括所有的性別、年齡、
民族及生活方式，
民族及生活方式，
12:50
the power of breath analysis
should increase.
should increase.
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呼氣分析的威力才能增強。
12:54
And eventually, breath analysis
should provide us with a powerful tool
should provide us with a powerful tool
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最後，呼氣分析應該不僅是
一個強而有力的工具，
一個強而有力的工具，
12:59
not only to proactively detect
specific diseases
specific diseases
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它還能幫助我們主動偵測特定疾病，
13:04
but to predict
and ultimately prevent them.
and ultimately prevent them.
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最終使我們能夠
預測以及預防疾病。
預測以及預防疾病。
13:09
And this should be enough motivation
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這些應該提供足夠的動機
13:11
to embrace the opportunities
and challenges
and challenges
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讓大家來擁抱這個呼氣分析
所帶來的機會和挑戰，
所帶來的機會和挑戰，
13:15
that breath analysis can provide,
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包括像我一樣的長期疑病症患者，
13:18
even for people that are not
part-time hypochondriacs like me.
part-time hypochondriacs like me.
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13:22
Thank you.
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謝謝。
13:23
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Burschka - TechnologistDriven by his curiosity, Julian Burschka is combining multiple technical disciplines with strong business acumen to drive innovation and enable new technological advancements.
Why you should listen
Julian Burschka has spent many years developing materials for efficient solar energy conversion. Notably he pioneered an elegant method to fabricate so-called perovskite solar cells -- seminal research that later was published in Nature and cited several thousand times since.
Born a scientist at heart, Burschka is constantly striving to expand his horizon and is thrilled by new technological discoveries that might fundamentally change our daily lives. More recently, his interest was sparked by ultra-sensitive gas sensors and the detection of volatile organic compounds for various applications.
In his current role as a senior project manager at Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Burschka is leading a multinational R&D team that develops smart material solutions to enable next-generation displays. He holds a Master of Business Administration and a PhD in chemistry, both of which he obtained following multilingual studies in Germany, France and Switzerland.
Julian Burschka | Speaker | TED.com