TED2019
Moreangels Mbizah: How community-led conservation can save wildlife
摩安潔·比撒: 原住居民領導保育工作才能拯救野生動物
Filmed:
Readability: 4.2
1,405,511 views
保育人士及 TED 研究員摩安潔·比撒研究著名的塞西爾獅子，直到牠於 2015 年被戰利品獵人射殺而死。她思考「如果塞西爾獅子鄰近的居民參與保護牠的工作，會是什麼情況？」在此簡短的演講當中，比撒分享了她家鄉辛巴威的保育現況，以及為什麼她認為當地的原住居民因為與野生動物為鄰，所以最能夠幫助牠們。
Moreangels Mbizah - Lion conservationist
Moreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities. Full bio
Moreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm a lion conservationist.
0
1317
1968
我是個獅子保育人士。
00:15
Sounds cool, doesn't it?
1
3309
1857
聽起來很酷吧！
00:17
Some people may have no idea
what that means.
what that means.
2
5190
3191
有些人可能不了解那是什麼，
00:20
But I'm sure you've all heard
about Cecil the lion.
about Cecil the lion.
3
8405
3009
但我相信你們都聽過塞西爾獅子。
00:23
[Cecil the Lion (2002-2015)]
4
11438
1545
[ 塞西爾獅子（2002-2015）]
00:25
(Lion roaring)
5
13007
4989
（獅吼聲）
00:31
He roars no more.
6
19744
2276
牠的獅吼已成絕響，
2015 年 7 月 2 日，
00:34
On the second of July, 2015,
7
22044
2628
牠被一名戰利品獵人射殺而死。
00:36
his life was cut short
when he was killed by a trophy hunter.
when he was killed by a trophy hunter.
8
24696
3419
00:41
They say that you can become attached
to the animals you study.
to the animals you study.
9
29069
3344
有人說你會對研究的動物產生感情，
00:44
That was the case for me
with Cecil the lion,
with Cecil the lion,
10
32919
2722
我對塞西爾獅子就有這樣的感情。
00:47
having known him and studied him
for three years
for three years
11
35665
2301
我在辛巴威的萬基國家公園
認識並研究牠三年的時間，
認識並研究牠三年的時間，
00:49
in Hwange National Park.
12
37990
1541
00:52
I was heartbroken at his death.
13
40411
2066
牠的死讓我心痛萬分，
00:56
But the good thing
to come out of this tragedy
to come out of this tragedy
14
44061
2525
但在這場悲劇當中令人欣慰的是，
00:58
is the attention that the story brought
15
46610
2269
有關的報導讓更多人關注
受到威脅的野生動物所處的困境。
受到威脅的野生動物所處的困境。
01:00
towards the plight
of threatened wild animals.
of threatened wild animals.
16
48903
3174
01:04
After Cecil's death,
17
52101
2095
塞西爾死後，
01:06
I began to ask myself these questions:
18
54220
2802
我自問：
01:09
What if the community
that lived next to Cecil the lion
that lived next to Cecil the lion
19
57046
3987
如果塞西爾獅子鄰近的居民
參與保護牠的工作，
參與保護牠的工作，
01:13
was involved in protecting him?
20
61057
2066
事情會如何演變？
01:15
What if I had met Cecil
when I was 10 years old, instead of 29?
when I was 10 years old, instead of 29?
21
63572
5473
如果我在 10 歲而不是
29 歲時認識塞西爾，
29 歲時認識塞西爾，
01:21
Could I or my classmates
have changed his fate?
have changed his fate?
22
69458
2988
我或是班上同學
會不會改變牠的命運？
會不會改變牠的命運？
01:25
Many people are working
to stop lions from disappearing,
to stop lions from disappearing,
23
73212
3714
許多人都致力於不讓獅子消失，
01:28
but very few of these people
are native to these countries
are native to these countries
24
76950
3667
但其中多數人都並不是
那些國家的人或鄰近的居民，
那些國家的人或鄰近的居民，
01:32
or from the communities most affected.
25
80641
2533
01:35
But the communities
that live with the lions
that live with the lions
26
83601
2445
生活在獅子附近的居民
最適合就近來幫助這些獅子。
最適合就近來幫助這些獅子。
01:38
are the ones best positioned
to help lions the most.
to help lions the most.
27
86070
3673
01:42
Local people should be at the forefront
28
90268
2333
當地的人們應當站在前線，
為野生動物所面臨的挑戰解決問題。
為野生動物所面臨的挑戰解決問題。
01:44
of the solutions to the challenges
facing their wildlife.
facing their wildlife.
29
92625
3563
01:48
Sometimes, change can only come
30
96212
2095
有時候，變革只有在受到衝擊的人
站出來領導時才會發生。
站出來領導時才會發生。
01:50
when the people most affected
and impacted take charge.
and impacted take charge.
31
98331
4182
01:54
Local communities play an important role
32
102537
2198
當地居民在對抗盜獵及野生動物
非法交易方面扮演很重要的角色，
非法交易方面扮演很重要的角色，
01:56
in fighting poaching
and illegal wildlife trade,
and illegal wildlife trade,
33
104759
3182
這些非法行為是獅子
和其他野生動物面臨的主要威脅。
和其他野生動物面臨的主要威脅。
01:59
which are major threats
affecting lions and other wildlife.
affecting lions and other wildlife.
34
107965
3717
02:04
Being a black African woman
in the sciences,
in the sciences,
35
112395
2825
身為非洲黑人女性科學家，
02:07
the people I meet
are always curious to know
are always curious to know
36
115244
2558
我認識的人總是很好奇地想知道，
02:09
if I've always wanted
to be a conservationist,
to be a conservationist,
37
117826
2640
我是不是原本就想從事保育工作，
02:12
because they don't meet
a lot of conservationists
a lot of conservationists
38
120490
2309
因為他們很少認識
長得像我一樣的保育人士。
長得像我一樣的保育人士。
02:14
who look like me.
39
122823
1381
02:16
When I was growing up,
40
124228
1151
成長過程中，我不知道
野生動物保育也是一種職業。
野生動物保育也是一種職業。
02:17
I didn't even know that wildlife
conservation was a career.
conservation was a career.
41
125403
3066
02:20
The first time I saw a wild animal
in my home country
in my home country
42
128800
3214
第一次在自己的國家
看到野生動物時，
看到野生動物時，
02:24
was when I was 25 years old,
43
132038
2626
我已經 25 歲了，
02:26
even though lions and African wild dogs
44
134688
2453
而獅子和非洲野生犬類卻居住在
離我家只有幾英里的地方，
離我家只有幾英里的地方，
02:29
lived just a few miles away from my home.
45
137165
2865
02:32
This is quite common in Zimbabwe,
46
140815
2326
這在辛巴威很常見，
02:35
as many people
are not exposed to wildlife,
are not exposed to wildlife,
47
143165
2666
因為即使野生動物
是我們的文化遺產，
是我們的文化遺產，
02:37
even though it's part of our heritage.
48
145855
2654
很多人並不會直接接觸到牠們；
02:40
When I was growing up,
49
148533
1539
我小時候根本不知道
獅子就住在我家後院。
獅子就住在我家後院。
02:42
I didn't even know
that lions lived in my backyard.
that lions lived in my backyard.
50
150096
3968
02:46
When I stepped into
Savé Valley Conservancy
Savé Valley Conservancy
51
154088
2730
當我踏進薩非谷保育區時，
02:48
on a cold winter morning 10 years ago
52
156842
3068
那是 10 年前一個寒冷的冬晨，
02:51
to study African wild dogs
for my master's research project,
for my master's research project,
53
159934
4184
我到那裡研究非洲野生犬類，
那是我碩士研究計畫的一部分，
那是我碩士研究計畫的一部分，
02:56
I was mesmerized by the beauty
and the tranquility that surrounded me.
and the tranquility that surrounded me.
54
164142
4091
我對於周遭的美和寧靜
感到目眩神迷，
感到目眩神迷，
03:00
I felt like I had found my passion
and my purpose in life.
and my purpose in life.
55
168701
3676
我覺得自己找到熱情和此生的目的。
03:04
I made a commitment that day
56
172401
1936
那天我做了一個承諾：
03:06
that I was going to dedicate my life
to protecting animals.
to protecting animals.
57
174361
3357
我要為保護動物奉獻一生。
03:09
I think of my childhood
school days in Zimbabwe
school days in Zimbabwe
58
177742
2873
我想起小時候在辛巴威上學的日子，
03:12
and the other kids I was in school with.
59
180639
2446
以及我同校的其他小孩，
03:15
Perhaps if we had a chance
to interact with wildlife,
to interact with wildlife,
60
183109
4206
如果我們當時有機會
與野生動物互動，
與野生動物互動，
03:19
more of my classmates
would be working alongside me now.
would be working alongside me now.
61
187339
3250
也許有很多同學
現在會與我並肩工作。
現在會與我並肩工作。
03:23
Unless the local communities
want to protect and coexist with wildlife,
want to protect and coexist with wildlife,
62
191458
4881
除非當地居民想保護野生動物，
並與牠們共存，
並與牠們共存，
03:28
all conservation efforts might be in vain.
63
196363
2733
所有在保育方面的努力
可能都會徒勞無功。
可能都會徒勞無功。
03:31
These are the communities
that live with the wild animals
that live with the wild animals
64
199616
2977
這些居民和野生動物
生活在同一個生態系中，
生活在同一個生態系中，
03:34
in the same ecosystem
65
202617
1635
03:36
and bear the cost of doing so.
66
204276
2201
必須付出必要的代價。
03:39
If they don't have a direct connection
67
207109
2278
如果他們與野生動物
沒有直接的關聯，也沒有因此受益，
沒有直接的關聯，也沒有因此受益，
03:41
or benefit from the animals,
68
209411
2166
03:43
they have no reason
to want to protect them.
to want to protect them.
69
211601
2549
就沒有理由要保護牠們。
03:46
And if local communities
don't protect their wildlife,
don't protect their wildlife,
70
214649
3111
如果當地社會不保護
他們的野生動物，
他們的野生動物，
03:49
no amount of outside
intervention will work.
intervention will work.
71
217784
3000
再多外來的干預
或援助都不會有效果。
或援助都不會有效果。
03:53
So what needs to be done?
72
221728
2182
所以現在需要做什麼？
03:56
Conservationists must prioritize
environmental education
environmental education
73
224688
3461
保育人士必須優先推行環境教育，
04:00
and help expand the community's skills
to conserve their wildlife.
to conserve their wildlife.
74
228173
3831
並幫助民眾發展更多技能
來保育野生動物。
來保育野生動物。
04:04
Schoolchildren and communities
must be taken to national parks,
must be taken to national parks,
75
232426
3651
我們必須將學童
和民眾帶到國家公園，
和民眾帶到國家公園，
04:08
so they get a chance
to connect with the wildlife.
to connect with the wildlife.
76
236101
3151
讓他們有機會與野生動物建立關係，
04:11
At every effort and every level,
77
239776
2682
在各個階層的各項努力當中，
04:14
conservation must include
the economies of the people
the economies of the people
78
242482
2993
保育計畫必須考量到
與野生動物共享家園人們的經濟。
04:17
who share the land with the wild animals.
79
245499
2734
04:20
It is also critical
that local conservationists
that local conservationists
80
248872
3127
另一個關鍵是，
當地的保育人士
必須參與每一項保育工作。
必須參與每一項保育工作。
04:24
be part of every conservation effort,
81
252023
3068
04:27
if we are to build trust and really embed
conservation into communities.
conservation into communities.
82
255115
4414
如果我們要建立彼此的信任
並將保育的觀念深植於民眾心裡，
並將保育的觀念深植於民眾心裡，
04:31
As local conservationists,
we face many hurdles,
we face many hurdles,
83
259974
3486
身為地方保育人士，
我們面臨很多阻礙，
我們面臨很多阻礙，
04:35
from outright discrimination
to barriers because of cultural norms.
to barriers because of cultural norms.
84
263484
4347
像是當面的歧視
一直到固有文化的隔閡。
一直到固有文化的隔閡。
04:40
But I will not give up my efforts
85
268133
2365
但我不會放棄我的努力，
04:42
to bring indigenous
communities to this fight
communities to this fight
86
270522
2543
我會繼續引導當地住民社會
共同來為地球的生存而奮鬥。
共同來為地球的生存而奮鬥。
04:45
for the survival of our planet.
87
273089
2067
04:47
I'm asking you to come
and stand together with me.
and stand together with me.
88
275712
3047
我請求大家來與我站在同一陣線，
04:50
We must actively dismantle
the hurdles we have created,
the hurdles we have created,
89
278783
3461
我們必須主動去除
這些我們自己造成的阻礙，
這些我們自己造成的阻礙，
04:54
which are leaving indigenous populations
out of conservation efforts.
out of conservation efforts.
90
282268
4182
也就是不要再將當地住民
排除在保育行列之外。
排除在保育行列之外。
04:58
I've dedicated my life
to protecting lions.
to protecting lions.
91
286474
3143
我奉獻我的一生來保護獅子，
05:01
And I know my neighbor would, too,
92
289641
2333
一旦我的鄰居認識了
住在隔壁的野生動物，
住在隔壁的野生動物，
05:03
if only they knew the animals
that lived next door to them.
that lived next door to them.
93
291998
4406
我知道他們也會願意
和我一樣這麼做。
和我一樣這麼做。
05:08
Thank you.
94
296984
1174
謝謝大家。
05:10
(Applause)
95
298182
4515
（掌聲）（歡呼聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Moreangels Mbizah - Lion conservationistMoreangels Mbizah is the founder of Wildlife Conservation Action, an organization dedicated to conserving biodiversity, promoting human-wildlife coexistence and empowering local communities.
Why you should listen
Besides identifying and addressing the threats to lions, other large carnivores and their habitat in Zimbabwe, Moreangels Mbizah also works to promote coexistence between wildlife and the communities that reside alongside wildlife habitats. Mbizah has dedicated her life to seeking ways to jointly address conservation and livelihoods issues to benefit both wildlife and the local communities who are living in abject poverty.
Moreangels Mbizah | Speaker | TED.com