ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James Cameron - Director
James Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul.

Why you should listen

James Cameron has written and directed some of the largest blockbuster movies of the last 20 years, including The Terminator, Aliens, The Abyss, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Titanic, and Avatar. His films  pushed the limits of special effects, and his fascination with technical developments led him to co-create the 3-D Fusion Camera System. He has also contributed to new techniques in underwater filming and remote vehicle technology.

Although now a major filmmaker, Cameron's first job was as a truck driver and he wrote only in his spare time. After seeing Star Wars, he quit that job and wrote his first science fiction script for a ten-minute short called Xenogenesis. Soon after, he began working with special effects, and by 1984 he had written and directed the movie that would change his life -- The Terminator. Today, he has received three Academy Awards, two honorary doctorates and sits on the NASA Advisory Council. 

Read more about Cameron's planned trip to the Challenger Deep, the deepest point yet reached in the ocean »

More profile about the speaker
James Cameron | Speaker | TED.com
TED2010

James Cameron: Before Avatar ... a curious boy

詹姆士.柯麥隆:阿凡達之前...一個好奇的男孩

Filmed:
2,210,851 views

詹姆士.柯麥隆有史以來耗資最鉅(也最賣座)的電影,創造了一個想像的世界。在本次演說中,他揭露從孩提時代起,他就著迷的事--科幻小說和深海潛水,最終,他所著迷的事帶領他完成了影史鉅片"異形"、"魔鬼終結者"、"鐵達尼號"和"阿凡達"。
- Director
James Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I grew成長 up on a steady穩定 diet飲食 of science科學 fiction小說.
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我在科幻的滋潤下成長。
00:20
In high school學校, I took a bus總線 to school學校
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高中時,我每天坐巴士上學,
00:23
an hour小時 each way every一切 day.
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單趟就要一個小時。
00:25
And I was always absorbed吸收 in a book,
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而我常常沉醉於書本中 --
00:27
science科學 fiction小說 book,
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科幻書籍,
00:29
which哪一個 took my mind心神 to other worlds世界,
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它會把我的思想帶領到其他世界中,
00:32
and satisfied滿意, in a narrative敘述 form形成,
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用文字的方式,
00:36
this insatiable貪心 sense of curiosity好奇心 that I had.
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滿足我貪得無厭的求知慾。
00:41
And you know, that curiosity好奇心 also manifested表現 itself本身
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你要知道,我的好奇心很強烈,
00:44
in the fact事實 that whenever每當 I wasn't in school學校
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當我不在學校時,
00:47
I was out in the woods樹木,
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我就在樹林中,
00:49
hiking徒步旅行 and taking服用 "samples樣本" --
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遠足和收集樣本 --
00:53
frogs青蛙 and snakes and bugs蟲子 and pond池塘 water --
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青蛙,蛇,昆蟲和池塘水 --
00:55
and bringing使 it back, looking at it under the microscope顯微鏡.
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然後把它帶回家中放在顯微鏡下觀看。
00:58
You know, I was a real真實 science科學 geek極客.
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我是一個典型的科學怪胎。
01:00
But it was all about trying to understand理解 the world世界,
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但這全因為我想瞭解世界,
01:03
understand理解 the limits範圍 of possibility可能性.
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瞭解所有可能發生的事的極限。
01:07
And my love of science科學 fiction小說
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我對科學的鍾愛,
01:11
actually其實 seemed似乎 mirrored鏡像 in the world世界 around me,
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實際上可反映在我週圍的世界中,
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because what was happening事件, this was in the late晚了 '60s,
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因為在六十年代末發生了許多事,
01:16
we were going to the moon月亮,
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包括人類登陸月球、
01:19
we were exploring探索 the deep oceans海洋.
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探索海洋的深處。
01:21
Jacques雅克· Cousteau庫斯托 was coming未來 into our living活的 rooms客房
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傑克.庫斯托(著名深海探險家)拍攝了
01:24
with his amazing驚人 specials特價 that showed顯示 us
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奇妙的電視特輯 --
01:27
animals動物 and places地方 and a wondrous奇妙 world世界
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包括我們從前從未想像過的
01:29
that we could never really have previously先前 imagined想像.
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動物、景點及奇妙的世界。
01:32
So, that seemed似乎 to resonate諧振
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所以這好像
01:34
with the whole整個 science科學 fiction小說 part部分 of it.
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與整個科幻領域產生共鳴。
01:37
And I was an artist藝術家.
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當時我是一位藝術家,
01:39
I could draw. I could paint塗料.
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我會畫,也會上色。
01:41
And I found發現 that because there weren't video視頻 games遊戲
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我發現我繪畫是因為那時沒有電視遊戲,
01:44
and this saturation飽和 of CGCG movies電影 and all of this
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沒有這些色彩飽和的電腦動畫電影,
01:48
imagery意象 in the media媒體 landscape景觀,
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更沒有現代媒體所創造的影像,
01:51
I had to create創建 these images圖片 in my head.
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我需要在我的腦中創造出那些影像。
01:53
You know, we all did, as kids孩子 having to
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就像小孩讀書一樣,我們所做的,
01:55
read a book, and through通過 the author's作者 description描述,
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是透過作者的描述,
01:58
put something on the movie電影 screen屏幕 in our heads.
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把畫面呈現在我們腦海中的電影螢幕上。
02:02
And so, my response響應 to this was to paint塗料, to draw
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所以,我的作法就是把它描繪出來,
02:05
alien外僑 creatures生物, alien外僑 worlds世界,
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把外星生物、外星世界、
02:07
robots機器人, spaceships飛船, all that stuff東東.
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機械人、太空船等所有這些東西畫出來。
02:09
I was endlessly不休 getting得到 busted破獲 in math數學 class
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我不斷地在數學課中遭到挫敗,
02:12
doodling塗鴉 behind背後 the textbook教科書.
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只好躲在課本後面亂塗。
02:15
That was -- the creativity創造力
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這是創意,
02:18
had to find its outlet出口 somehow不知何故.
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需要找一些方式宣洩。
02:22
And an interesting有趣 thing happened發生: The Jacques雅克· Cousteau庫斯托 shows節目
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然後有一件有趣的事情發生了,傑克.庫斯托的節目
02:25
actually其實 got me very excited興奮 about the fact事實 that there was
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告訴我們地球上有一個外星世界存在,
02:28
an alien外僑 world世界 right here on Earth地球.
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這讓我感到興奮極了。
02:30
I might威力 not really go to an alien外僑 world世界
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我或許不會真的坐太空船
02:33
on a spaceship飛船 someday日後 --
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到外太空,
02:35
that seemed似乎 pretty漂亮 darn unlikely不會.
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看起來也真的不大可能,
02:38
But that was a world世界 I could really go to,
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但他所介紹的地方,是我真的可以去到的地方 --
02:40
right here on Earth地球, that was as rich豐富 and exotic異國情調
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就在這地球上,就和我讀科幻書
02:42
as anything that I had imagined想像
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幻想到的東西一樣豐富、
02:45
from reading these books圖書.
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一樣奇特。
02:47
So, I decided決定 I was going to become成為 a scuba水肺 diver潛水員
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所以,在我十五歲那年,
02:49
at the age年齡 of 15.
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我決定學會潛水。
02:51
And the only problem問題 with that was that I lived生活
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但唯一的問題是,
02:53
in a little village in Canada加拿大,
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我住在加拿大的一個小村莊,
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600 miles英里 from the nearest最近的 ocean海洋.
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離最近的海洋也有約一千公里之遠,
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But I didn't let that daunt嚇住 me.
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但我沒有被這嚇倒。
03:00
I pestered纏著 my father父親 until直到 he finally最後 found發現
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我苦苦糾纏我父親,後來他終於發現,
03:03
a scuba水肺 class in Buffalo水牛, New York紐約,
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紐約水牛城有開設一堂潛水課,
03:05
right across橫過 the border邊境 from where we live生活.
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從我們住的地方跨過邊境就到了。
03:07
And I actually其實 got certified認證
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而我真的在一個嚴寒的冬天裡,
03:10
in a pool at a YMCAYMCA in the dead of winter冬季
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在紐約水牛城女青年會裡的游泳池,
03:12
in Buffalo水牛, New York紐約.
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取得了潛水資格。
03:14
And I didn't see the ocean海洋, a real真實 ocean海洋,
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在那之前,我沒有見過真正的海洋,
03:17
for another另一個 two years年份,
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直到兩年後,
03:19
until直到 we moved移動 to California加州.
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我們搬到加州來。
03:21
Since以來 then, in the intervening介入
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從那時起,
03:24
40 years年份,
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四十年來,
03:26
I've spent花費 about 3,000 hours小時 underwater水下,
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我已在海底待了大約三千個小時,
03:30
and 500 hours小時 of that was in submersibles潛水.
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其中五百小時待在潛艇裡。
03:33
And I've learned學到了 that that deep-ocean深海 environment環境,
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我發現,不論是在深海
03:36
and even the shallow oceans海洋,
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或是淺海,
03:38
are so rich豐富 with amazing驚人 life
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都蘊藏了豐富且奇妙的生物,
03:42
that really is beyond our imagination想像力.
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遠遠超過我們所能想像。
03:45
Nature's自然的 imagination想像力 is so boundless漫漫
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大自然的想像力是無邊際的,
03:49
compared相比 to our own擁有
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相較之下,
03:51
meager微薄 human人的 imagination想像力.
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人類的想像力貧乏的可憐。
03:53
I still, to this day, stand in absolute絕對 awe威嚴
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直至今天,
03:55
of what I see when I make these dives潛水.
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我仍敬畏我在潛水時看到的景像。
03:58
And my love affair事務 with the ocean海洋 is ongoing不斷的,
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我對海洋的愛是持續的,
04:01
and just as strong強大 as it ever was.
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仍然和以往一樣強烈。
04:03
But when I chose選擇 a career事業 as an adult成人,
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但當我像其他成年人一樣選擇職業時,
04:06
it was filmmaking電影製作.
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我選擇了拍電影。
04:09
And that seemed似乎 to be the best最好 way to reconcile調和
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這好像是調和我想講故事與
04:12
this urge敦促 I had to tell stories故事
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我想創造影像這二種慾望
04:14
with my urges衝動 to create創建 images圖片.
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的最好方法。
04:18
And I was, as a kid孩子, constantly經常 drawing畫畫 comic滑稽 books圖書, and so on.
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當我還是小孩時,我經常畫漫畫之類的東西,
04:21
So, filmmaking電影製作 was the way to put pictures圖片 and stories故事
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而拍電影是把圖像、故事放在一起,
04:23
together一起, and that made製作 sense.
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那很有意義。
04:25
And of course課程 the stories故事 that I chose選擇 to tell
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當然,我想要講的故事
04:28
were science科學 fiction小說 stories故事: "Terminator終結者," "Aliens外星人"
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是科幻故事,像是"魔鬼終結者"、"異形"、
04:30
and "The Abyss深淵."
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和 "無底洞"等,
04:32
And with "The Abyss深淵," I was putting together一起 my love
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而在"無底洞"裡,我把我所愛的
04:35
of underwater水下 and diving潛水 with filmmaking電影製作.
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海底世界、潛水拍成電影,
04:37
So, you know, merging合併 the two passions激情.
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這等於是把兩種熱情融合在一起。
04:40
Something interesting有趣 came來了 out of "The Abyss深淵,"
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在拍攝"無底洞"時,發生了一些有趣的事情,
04:44
which哪一個 was that to solve解決 a specific具體 narrative敘述
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為了拍攝出影片裡所描述
04:47
problem問題 on that film電影,
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的某些特殊景像,
04:50
which哪一個 was to create創建 this kind of liquid液體 water creature生物,
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為了要創造出那個流體水怪,
04:54
we actually其實 embraced擁抱 computer電腦 generated產生 animation動畫, CGCG.
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我們確實運用了一些電腦動畫技術。
05:00
And this resulted導致 in the first soft-surface軟表面
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它是第一個在電影中,
05:05
character字符, CGCG animation動畫
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運用電腦動畫
05:08
that was ever in a movie電影.
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所繪製出的流體角色,
05:10
And even though雖然 the film電影 didn't make any money --
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雖然這部電影沒有賺錢,
05:12
barely僅僅 broke打破 even, I should say --
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或者應該說只是勉強打平而已,
05:15
I witnessed目擊 something amazing驚人, which哪一個 is that the audience聽眾,
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但我見證了一些奇妙的事 -- 就是觀眾,
05:17
the global全球 audience聽眾, was mesmerized如醉如痴
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包含世界各地的觀眾,
05:19
by this apparent明顯的 magic魔法.
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都被這個魔法迷住了。
05:21
You know, it's Arthur亞瑟 Clarke's克拉克 law
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你知道,這是亞瑟克拉克的定律,
05:23
that any sufficiently充分地 advanced高級 technology技術 is indistinguishable區分 from magic魔法.
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任何全然先進的科技都與魔法無異。
05:27
They were seeing眼看 something magical神奇.
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他們見到一些神奇的事物,
05:30
And so that got me very excited興奮.
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這令我很興奮。
05:33
And I thought, "Wow, this is something that needs需求 to be embraced擁抱
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而我想: "嘩! 這是一項值得運用在電影上
05:35
into the cinematic電影 art藝術."
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的科技。"
05:37
So, with "Terminator終結者 2," which哪一個 was my next下一個 film電影,
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所以在接下來的電影"魔鬼終結者2" 中,
05:39
we took that much farther更遠.
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我們更進一步與ILM合作,
05:41
Working加工 with ILMILM, we created創建 the liquid液體 metal金屬 dude花花公子
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我們在片中創造了液體金屬怪物,
05:44
in that film電影. The success成功 hung in the balance平衡
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成功則取決於那個效果
05:46
on whether是否 that effect影響 would work.
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是否能發揮作用。
05:48
And it did, and we created創建 magic魔法 again,
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那個效果真得很好,我們再次創造了魔法,
05:50
and we had the same相同 result結果 with an audience聽眾 --
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觀眾的反應還是一樣好,
05:52
although雖然 we did make a little more money on that one.
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我們也在這齣電影中賺了多一點的錢。
05:54
So, drawing畫畫 a line through通過 those two dots
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把這兩個經驗
05:59
of experience經驗
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結合起來,
06:02
came來了 to, "This is going to be a whole整個 new world世界,"
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可以讓我們看到一個全新的世界,
06:04
this was a whole整個 new world世界 of creativity創造力
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這是電影藝術
06:06
for film電影 artists藝術家.
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的全新世界。
06:09
So, I started開始 a company公司 with Stan斯坦 Winston溫斯頓,
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之後我便和史丹.溫斯頓成立一間公司。
06:11
my good friend朋友 Stan斯坦 Winston溫斯頓,
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我的好朋友史丹.溫斯頓,
06:13
who is the premier總理 make-up化妝 and creature生物 designer設計師
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當時是一名頂尖的化妝及怪獸設計師,
06:17
at that time, and it was called Digital數字 Domain.
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我們的公司名叫數碼領域。
06:20
And the concept概念 of the company公司 was
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公司的理念是要
06:22
that we would leapfrog蛙跳 past過去
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超越過去
06:25
the analog類似物 processes流程 of optical光纖 printers打印機 and so on,
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類比光學沖印之類的玩意兒,
06:28
and we would go right to digital數字 production生產.
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直接進入數位製作時代。
06:30
And we actually其實 did that and it gave us a competitive競爭的 advantage優點 for a while.
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而我們的確做到了,還讓我們保持了好一陣子的競爭優勢。
06:34
But we found發現 ourselves我們自己 lagging滯後 in the mid '90s
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但在九十年代中期,我們發現自己
06:37
in the creature生物 and character字符 design設計 stuff東東
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在人物和角色設計上落後許多,
06:40
that we had actually其實 founded成立 the company公司 to do.
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那已經脫離了我們當時成立公司的目的。
06:43
So, I wrote this piece called "Avatar阿凡達,"
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所以,我寫了一個劇本 "阿凡達",
06:45
which哪一個 was meant意味著 to absolutely絕對 push the envelope信封
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我要把目前的
06:49
of visual視覺 effects效果,
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視覺效果、
06:51
of CGCG effects效果, beyond,
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電腦動畫效果推進到極限,
06:53
with realistic實際 human人的 emotive感情的 characters人物
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我要用電腦動畫畫出
06:57
generated產生 in CGCG,
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有真人情感的角色,
06:59
and the main主要 characters人物 would all be in CGCG,
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所有主角都是由電腦動畫繪製,
07:01
and the world世界 would be in CGCG.
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背景世界也是以電腦動畫繪製。
07:03
And the envelope信封 pushed back,
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但當時的技術做不到,
07:05
and I was told by the folks鄉親 at my company公司
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公司裡的同事們告訴我,
07:10
that we weren't going to be able能夠 to do this for a while.
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就算再過一段時間也無法做出這些。
07:12
So, I shelved擱置 it, and I made製作 this other movie電影 about a big ship that sinks.
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所以,我把它放回架上,然後做了那齣大船沈向海底的電影。
07:16
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
07:19
You know, I went and pitched傾斜的 it to the studio工作室 as "'Romeo“羅密歐 and Juliet'朱麗葉“ on a ship:
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你知道,我把這部片定調為在船上的羅密歐與朱麗葉,
07:22
"It's going to be this epic史詩 romance浪漫,
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這將會是部史詩般浪漫、
07:24
passionate多情 film電影."
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熱情的電影。
07:26
Secretly偷偷, what I wanted to do was
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其實,我心裡想做的,
07:28
I wanted to dive潛水 to the real真實 wreck破壞 of "Titanic泰坦尼克號."
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是潛入鐵達尼號的殘骸裡,
07:31
And that's why I made製作 the movie電影.
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那就是我拍那部電影的原因。
07:33
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
07:37
And that's the truth真相. Now, the studio工作室 didn't know that.
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這是事實,電影公司並不知道我的想法,
07:39
But I convinced相信 them. I said,
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但我說服他們,我說:
07:41
"We're going to dive潛水 to the wreck破壞. We're going to film電影 it for real真實.
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「我們潛入船體殘骸,拍些真實的畫面回來,
07:43
We'll be using運用 it in the opening開盤 of the film電影.
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把那些畫面當作電影的片頭,
07:46
It will be really important重要. It will be a great marketing營銷 hook."
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一定要這樣做,因為這是一個很好的賣點。」
07:48
And I talked them into funding資金 an expedition遠征.
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我說服他們資助我的這次探險。
07:50
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
07:52
Sounds聲音 crazy. But this goes back to that theme主題
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聽起來很瘋狂,但這和我剛才所講的一樣,
07:54
about your imagination想像力 creating創建 a reality現實.
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你的想像力可以創造出真實的東西,
07:57
Because we actually其實 created創建 a reality現實 where six months個月 later後來,
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而我們真的創造出真實的東西。在六個月之後,
07:59
I find myself in a Russian俄語 submersible潛水
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我乘坐俄羅斯的潛艇,
08:01
two and a half miles英里 down in the north Atlantic大西洋,
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來到北大西洋海平面四公尺以下的海裡,
08:04
looking at the real真實 Titanic泰坦尼克號 through通過 a view視圖 port港口.
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從舷窗裡看著真實的鐵達尼號,
08:06
Not a movie電影, not HDHD -- for real真實.
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那不是電影、也不是高畫質影像,那是真實的鐵達尼號。
08:09
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
08:12
Now, that blew自爆 my mind心神.
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那震撼了我!
08:14
And it took a lot of preparation製備, we had to build建立 cameras相機
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我們要做很多準備,我們要架設攝影機、
08:16
and lights燈火 and all kinds of things.
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燈光及其他所有的東西,
08:18
But, it struck來襲 me how much
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但這些深海潛水,
08:20
this dive潛水, these deep dives潛水,
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更令我吃驚,
08:22
was like a space空間 mission任務.
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因為要潛入海底,就像要去太空一樣,
08:24
You know, where it was highly高度 technical技術,
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是高科技,
08:26
and it required需要 enormous巨大 planning規劃.
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需要龐大的計劃。
08:28
You get in this capsule膠囊, you go down to this dark黑暗
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你進入潛水艙裡,下到這個漆黑的、
08:30
hostile敵對 environment環境
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不熟悉的環境裡,
08:33
where there is no hope希望 of rescue拯救
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如果自己不能返回陸地,
08:35
if you can't get back by yourself你自己.
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也沒有人會來救你。
08:37
And I thought like, "Wow. I'm like,
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我想: "嘩,我像是
08:39
living活的 in a science科學 fiction小說 movie電影.
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活在科幻電影中,
08:41
This is really cool."
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這真的很酷!"
08:43
And so, I really got bitten被咬 by the bug竊聽器 of deep-ocean深海 exploration勘探.
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我愛上了深海探險,
08:46
Of course課程, the curiosity好奇心, the science科學 component零件 of it --
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這裡面充滿好奇及科學的原素,
08:49
it was everything. It was adventure冒險,
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包含了一切。這是一種探險、
08:51
it was curiosity好奇心, it was imagination想像力.
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好奇心及想像力,
08:53
And it was an experience經驗 that
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這是好萊塢所不能
08:56
Hollywood好萊塢 couldn't不能 give me.
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給我的經驗。
08:58
Because, you know, I could imagine想像 a creature生物 and we could
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因為你知道,我可以想像出一個生物,
09:00
create創建 a visual視覺 effect影響 for it. But I couldn't不能 imagine想像 what I was seeing眼看
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也可以為它創造出視覺效果,但我卻想像不出我在海底
09:02
out that window窗口.
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所看到的生物。
09:04
As we did some of our subsequent隨後 expeditions探險,
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當我們後續再進行其他探險時,
09:07
I was seeing眼看 creatures生物 at hydrothermal熱液 vents通風口
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我看見有生物在深海溫泉附近活動,
09:09
and sometimes有時 things that I had never seen看到 before,
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有些是我以前從未看過的,
09:13
sometimes有時 things that no one had seen看到 before,
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有些則是以前沒有人看過的,
09:15
that actually其實 were not described描述 by science科學
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在我們看到這些生物之前,
09:17
at the time that we saw them and imaged成像 them.
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還沒有任何科學家描述過那些生物。
09:20
So, I was completely全然 smitten重拳出擊 by this,
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我被徹底的感動了,
09:23
and had to do more.
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我想要多做幾次深海探險,
09:25
And so, I actually其實 made製作 a kind of curious好奇 decision決定.
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所以我做了個令人驚訝的決定。
09:27
After the success成功 of "Titanic泰坦尼克號,"
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在鐵達尼號成功後,
09:29
I said, "OK, I'm going to park公園 my day job工作
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我說: "好,我要暫停我在好萊塢
09:32
as a Hollywood好萊塢 movie電影 maker製作者,
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的拍片工作,
09:34
and I'm going to go be a full-time全職 explorer探險者 for a while."
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這段時間,我要做一個全職探險家。"
09:38
And so, we started開始 planning規劃 these
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因此,我們開始計劃
09:40
expeditions探險.
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這些探險。
09:42
And we wound傷口 up going to the Bismark俾斯麥,
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我們很興奮地去找俾斯麥號,
09:44
and exploring探索 it with robotic機器人 vehicles汽車.
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用機械機具進行探索。
09:48
We went back to the Titanic泰坦尼克號 wreck破壞.
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我們回到鐵達尼號的殘骸,
09:50
We took little bots機器人 that we had created創建
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我們用自己製造的小機器人,
09:52
that spooled後台 a fiber纖維 optic視神經.
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將它捲在光纖上,
09:54
And the idea理念 was to go in and do an interior室內
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把這個機器放進船艙裡,
09:56
survey調查 of that ship, which哪一個 had never been doneDONE.
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探索船內的情況,這是從來沒有人做過的。
10:00
Nobody沒有人 had ever looked看著 inside the wreck破壞. They didn't have the means手段 to do it,
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沒有人看過殘骸裡的情況,沒有適當的工具可用,
10:02
so we created創建 technology技術 to do it.
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直到我們發明了這項科技。
10:05
So, you know, here I am now, on the deck甲板
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現在我在鐵達尼號的甲板上,
10:07
of Titanic泰坦尼克號, sitting坐在 in a submersible潛水,
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坐在潛艇中,
10:10
and looking out at planks木板 that look much like this,
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看著外面的地板,
10:13
where I knew知道 that the band had played發揮.
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我知道有樂隊曾在這裡演奏過。
10:16
And I'm flying飛行 a little robotic機器人 vehicle車輛
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而我控制著一個小機具,
10:18
through通過 the corridor走廊 of the ship.
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讓它穿過船的走廊,
10:21
When I say, "I'm operating操作 it,"
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當我說我在操作它時,
10:24
but my mind心神 is in the vehicle車輛.
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我的心其實是在機具裡。
10:27
I felt like I was physically物理 present當下
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我感覺有如置身在
10:29
inside the shipwreck沉船 of Titanic泰坦尼克號.
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鐵達尼號的殘骸中,
10:31
And it was the most surreal超現實主義 kind
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這是我從未有過的一種超現實、
10:33
of deja似曾相識 vu似曾相識 experience經驗 I've ever had,
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又似曾相識的經驗,
10:35
because I would know before I turned轉身 a corner
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在機具轉過某個轉角之前,
10:39
what was going to be there before the lights燈火
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在機具的燈光照射到某樣東西之前,
10:41
of the vehicle車輛 actually其實 revealed透露 it,
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我就已經知道那裡會有什麼,
10:43
because I had walked the set for months個月
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因為我在拍攝電影的幾個月時間裡,
10:45
when we were making製造 the movie電影.
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就曾走過這場景無數次。
10:48
And the set was based基於 as an exact精確 replica複製品
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我們是根據鐵達尼號的設計圖
10:50
on the blueprints藍圖 of the ship.
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複製出電影場景,
10:52
So, it was this absolutely絕對 remarkable卓越 experience經驗.
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所以這絕對是一個前所未有的經驗。
10:55
And it really made製作 me realize實現 that
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這確實使我瞭解到,
10:57
the telepresence網真 experience經驗 --
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這種遠程遙控科技
10:59
that you actually其實 can have these robotic機器人 avatars替身,
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可以讓你遙控機具,
11:01
then your consciousness意識 is injected注射 into the vehicle車輛,
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也可以將你的意識注入於機具之中,
11:06
into this other form形成 of existence存在.
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讓你以其他方式存在。
11:08
It was really, really quite相當 profound深刻.
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這對我產生了非常深刻的影響,
11:10
And it may可能 be a little bit of a glimpse一瞥 as to what might威力 be happening事件
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而我們或許可以從這裡看出幾十年後
11:13
some decades幾十年 out
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可能的發展,
11:15
as we start開始 to have cyborg半機械人 bodies身體
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那時我們可能會開發出半機械人的身體,
11:18
for exploration勘探 or for other means手段
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用來探險或當其他工具使用,
11:20
in many許多 sort分類 of
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這是我這個科幻迷
11:22
post-human後人類 futures期貨
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所能想像到的
11:24
that I can imagine想像,
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後人類時期
11:26
as a science科學 fiction小說 fan風扇.
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的未來。
11:28
So, having doneDONE these expeditions探險,
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在做了這些探險之後,
11:33
and really beginning開始 to appreciate欣賞 what was down there,
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我真的開始欣賞海底的世界,
11:37
such這樣 as at the deep ocean海洋 vents通風口
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例如在深海裡的火山口,
11:40
where we had these amazing驚人, amazing驚人 animals動物 --
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那裡有著稀奇古怪的動物,
11:43
they're basically基本上 aliens外星人 right here on Earth地球.
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牠們可以算是地球上的異形,
11:45
They live生活 in an environment環境 of chemosynthesis化學合成.
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牠們生活在化學合成的環境中,
11:48
They don't survive生存 on sunlight-based陽光為主
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牠們不像我們一樣
11:50
system系統 the way we do.
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需要陽光才能生存。
11:52
And so, you're seeing眼看 animals動物 that are living活的 next下一個 to
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而且,你會見到生活在攝氏五百度
11:54
a 500-degree-Centigrade-degree-攝氏度
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水蒸氣附近
11:56
water plumes羽毛.
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的生物,
11:58
You think they can't possibly或者 exist存在.
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你絕對不認為牠們能夠生存。
12:00
At the same相同 time
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但同時,
12:02
I was getting得到 very interested有興趣 in space空間 science科學 as well --
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我也對太空科技產生了極大的興趣,
12:05
again, it's the science科學 fiction小說 influence影響, as a kid孩子.
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這同樣是受到我孩提時代著迷於科幻的影響。
12:08
And I wound傷口 up getting得到 involved參與 with
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我興奮地參與
12:10
the space空間 community社區,
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太空社團的活動,
12:12
really involved參與 with NASANASA,
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也真的加入太空總署,
12:14
sitting坐在 on the NASANASA advisory諮詢 board,
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成為太空總署諮詢委員會的一員,
12:17
planning規劃 actual實際 space空間 missions任務,
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規劃真正的太空任務、
12:19
going to Russia俄國, going through通過 the pre-cosmonaut前宇航員
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去了俄羅斯、參與前太空人的
12:21
biomedical生物醫藥 protocols協議,
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生化醫學協議的制訂
12:23
and all these sorts排序 of things,
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等其他類似的事情,
12:25
to actually其實 go and fly to the international國際 space空間 station
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然後帶著我們的3D攝影機,
12:27
with our 3D camera相機 systems系統.
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飛往國際太空站。
12:29
And this was fascinating迷人.
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這實在太棒了!
12:31
But what I wound傷口 up doing was bringing使 space空間 scientists科學家們
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但讓我最興奮的,是帶著這些太空科學家
12:33
with us into the deep.
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與我們一同進入深海,
12:36
And taking服用 them down so that they had access訪問 --
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原本他們的工作是
12:39
astrobiologists太空生物學家, planetary行星 scientists科學家們,
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天文生物學家、星際科學家,
12:42
people who were interested有興趣 in these extreme極端 environments環境 --
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所以他們本來就對極端環境很感興趣,
12:45
taking服用 them down to the vents通風口, and letting出租 them see,
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我把他們帶到火山口,讓他們看看,
12:48
and take samples樣本 and test測試 instruments儀器, and so on.
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還讓他們蒐集樣本、攜帶測試器材等等。
12:50
So, here we were making製造 documentary記錄 films影片,
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雖然我們是在拍攝紀錄片,
12:52
but actually其實 doing science科學,
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但事實上我們是在研究科學,
12:54
and actually其實 doing space空間 science科學.
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也在研究太空科學。
12:56
I'd completely全然 closed關閉 the loop循環
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我完全把孩提時代
12:58
between之間 being存在 the science科學 fiction小說 fan風扇,
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的科幻迷,
13:00
you know, as a kid孩子,
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和真實的科學研究
13:02
and doing this stuff東東 for real真實.
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結合在一起。
13:04
And you know, along沿 the way in this journey旅程
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一路走來,
13:07
of discovery發現,
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在探險的旅途中,
13:09
I learned學到了 a lot.
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我學會很多,
13:11
I learned學到了 a lot about science科學. But I also learned學到了 a lot
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我學會很多有關科學的事情,
13:13
about leadership領導.
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也學會很多關於領導的事情。
13:16
Now you think director導向器 has got to be a leader領導,
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你以為導演就一定是一個領袖,
13:18
leader領導 of, captain隊長 of the ship, and all that sort分類 of thing.
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好像船長一樣,領導所有的事情。
13:20
I didn't really learn學習 about leadership領導
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我不曾學過領導,
13:22
until直到 I did these expeditions探險.
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直到我進行這些探險之後,
13:25
Because I had to, at a certain某些 point, say,
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我才發現,有時我必須自問:
13:28
"What am I doing out here?
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"我現在在這裡幹什麼呢?
13:30
Why am I doing this? What do I get out of it?"
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為什麼我要這樣做呢?我能得到些什麼呢?"
13:33
We don't make money at these damn該死的 shows節目.
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我們拍的紀錄片不能賺錢,
13:36
We barely僅僅 break打破 even. There is no fame名譽 in it.
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只是勉強打平而已,也不能從中獲取名聲,
13:38
People sort分類 of think I went away
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人們大概以為,
13:40
between之間 "Titanic泰坦尼克號" and "Avatar阿凡達" and was buffing拋光 my nails釘子
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我在拍"鐵達尼號"與"阿凡達"中間躲了起來,
13:42
someplace某個地方, sitting坐在 at the beach海灘.
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坐在海灘,咬著手指。
13:44
Made製作 all these films影片, made製作 all these documentary記錄 films影片
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我們所拍的所有紀錄片,
13:47
for a very limited有限 audience聽眾.
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只有一小部分觀眾會看,
13:49
No fame名譽, no glory榮耀, no money. What are you doing?
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沒有名聲、沒有榮耀、沒有金錢,我究竟在做什麼?
13:52
You're doing it for the task任務 itself本身,
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我是為了任務本身、
13:54
for the challenge挑戰 --
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為了挑戰而拍片 --
13:56
and the ocean海洋 is the most challenging具有挑戰性的 environment環境 there is --
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海洋是最具挑戰的環境;
13:59
for the thrill顫抖 of discovery發現,
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因為想體驗發現後的顫慄,
14:02
and for that strange奇怪 bond that happens發生
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更因為想體驗由一小群人組成的緊密團體中,
14:05
when a small group of people form形成 a tightly緊緊 knit針織 team球隊.
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所形成的那種奇特的氛圍。
14:08
Because we would do these things with 10, 12 people,
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因為我們可以與十至十二人
14:11
working加工 for years年份 at a time,
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一起工作個幾年,
14:13
sometimes有時 at sea for two, three months個月 at a time.
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有時則在海裡待上兩三個月的時間,
14:17
And in that bond, you realize實現
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因此會產生的緊密的情感,
14:20
that the most important重要 thing
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而最重要的事情是
14:22
is the respect尊重 that you have for them
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你對他們的尊重,
14:24
and that they have for you, that you've doneDONE a task任務
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和他們對你的尊重,以及別人無法瞭解
14:27
that you can't explain說明 to someone有人 else其他.
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你所完成的工作的那種感覺。
14:29
When you come back to the shore支撐 and you say,
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當你回到岸上,你會說:
14:31
"We had to do this, and the fiber纖維 optic視神經, and the attentuationattentuation,
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我們得做這個,那個光纖,那個溶劑,
14:33
and the this and the that,
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這些和那些,
14:35
all the technology技術 of it, and the difficulty困難,
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這當中所有的科技,以及人類在海裡
14:37
the human-performance人體機能 aspects方面 of working加工 at sea,"
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工作的困難度,
14:40
you can't explain說明 it to people. It's that thing that
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你都很難讓別人瞭解。這種感覺就只有
14:42
maybe cops警察 have, or people in combat戰鬥 that have gone走了 through通過 something together一起
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警察或曾在一起參與戰爭的人,才會瞭解,
14:46
and they know they can never explain說明 it.
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而他們也知道無法向別人解釋這種感覺。
14:48
Creates創建 a bond, creates創建 a bond of respect尊重.
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這是一種緊密的情感聯繫,一種互敬的關係。
14:50
So, when I came來了 back to make my next下一個 movie電影,
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所以當我回來拍攝我的下一部電影時,
14:52
which哪一個 was "Avatar阿凡達,"
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也就是 "阿凡達",
14:55
I tried試著 to apply應用 that same相同 principle原理 of leadership領導,
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我嘗試使用相同的領導原則,
14:58
which哪一個 is that you respect尊重 your team球隊,
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也就是尊重你的團隊,
15:00
and you earn their respect尊重 in return返回.
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你就會贏得他們的尊重,
15:02
And it really changed the dynamic動態.
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這的確會改變我們的相處模式。
15:04
So, here I was again with a small team球隊,
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我再一次與一個小團隊
15:07
in uncharted未知 territory領土,
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踏上未知的領土,
15:09
doing "Avatar阿凡達," coming未來 up with new technology技術
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拍攝"阿凡達",以前所未有的
15:11
that didn't exist存在 before.
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新科技來拍攝。
15:13
Tremendously異常 exciting扣人心弦.
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真是超級興奮,
15:15
Tremendously異常 challenging具有挑戰性的.
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也超級具有挑戰性!
15:17
And we became成為 a family家庭, over a four-and-half四和半 year period.
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在超過四年半的時間裡,我們成了一個家庭,
15:19
And it completely全然 changed how I do movies電影.
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我拍攝電影的方法也完全改變。
15:22
So, people have commented評論 on how, "Well, you know,
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人們批評的重點是,
15:24
you brought back the ocean海洋 organisms生物
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我只不過是把海洋生物
15:27
and put them on the planet行星 of Pandora潘多拉."
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放在潘朵拉的星球裡罷了。
15:29
To me, it was more of a fundamental基本的 way of doing business商業,
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但對我來說,改變的不僅是電影本身,
15:31
the process處理 itself本身, that changed as a result結果 of that.
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而是拍電影的過程也一併改變了。
15:35
So, what can we synthesize合成 out of all this?
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那麼,我們該怎麼把這所有的東西綜合起來?
15:37
You know, what are the lessons教訓 learned學到了?
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我們又從中學到什麼教訓?
15:40
Well, I think number one is
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嗯,我想第一是
15:42
curiosity好奇心.
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好奇心。
15:44
It's the most powerful強大 thing you own擁有.
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這是你所擁有最具威力的東西。
15:47
Imagination想像力 is a force
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想像力也是一種力量,
15:50
that can actually其實 manifest表現 a reality現實.
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它可以讓我們在現實生活中創造東西。
15:54
And the respect尊重 of your team球隊
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而你對團隊的尊重,
15:58
is more important重要 than all the
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比世上所有的榮耀
16:00
laurels桂冠 in the world世界.
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都來得重要。
16:03
I have young年輕 filmmakers電影製片人
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有一些年輕的電影導演
16:05
come up to me and say, "Give me some advice忠告 for doing this."
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前來找我說: "可以給我一些建議嗎?"
16:09
And I say, "Don't put limitations限制 on yourself你自己.
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我說: "不要侷限你自己。
16:13
Other people will do that for you -- don't do it to yourself你自己,
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其他人會為你設限,你自己可別畫地自限。
16:15
don't bet賭注 against反對 yourself你自己,
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要對自己有信心,
16:17
and take risks風險."
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勇於冒險。"
16:19
NASANASA has this phrase短語 that they like:
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太空總署有一句話是這樣的:
16:22
"Failure失敗 is not an option選項."
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"失敗不是你的選項。"
16:24
But failure失敗 has to be an option選項
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但失敗卻是藝術家和
16:27
in art藝術 and in exploration勘探, because it's a leap飛躍 of faith信仰.
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探險家的選項,因為那可以幫助我們建立信心。
16:30
And no important重要 endeavor努力
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沒有任何一件
16:32
that required需要 innovation革新
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需要創新的事,
16:34
was doneDONE without risk風險.
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是沒有風險的。
16:36
You have to be willing願意 to take those risks風險.
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你必得要冒險。
16:39
So, that's the thought I would leave離開 you with,
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所以,我要告訴各位,
16:41
is that in whatever隨你 you're doing,
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無論你做什麼,
16:44
failure失敗 is an option選項,
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都有可能會失敗,
16:47
but fear恐懼 is not. Thank you.
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但你絕不能畏懼。謝謝。
16:50
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Jeannie Cheng
Reviewed by Marie Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
James Cameron - Director
James Cameron is the director of Avatar, Titanic, Terminator, The Abyss and many other blockbusters. While his outsize films push the bounds of technology, they're always anchored in human stories with heart and soul.

Why you should listen

James Cameron has written and directed some of the largest blockbuster movies of the last 20 years, including The Terminator, Aliens, The Abyss, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Titanic, and Avatar. His films  pushed the limits of special effects, and his fascination with technical developments led him to co-create the 3-D Fusion Camera System. He has also contributed to new techniques in underwater filming and remote vehicle technology.

Although now a major filmmaker, Cameron's first job was as a truck driver and he wrote only in his spare time. After seeing Star Wars, he quit that job and wrote his first science fiction script for a ten-minute short called Xenogenesis. Soon after, he began working with special effects, and by 1984 he had written and directed the movie that would change his life -- The Terminator. Today, he has received three Academy Awards, two honorary doctorates and sits on the NASA Advisory Council. 

Read more about Cameron's planned trip to the Challenger Deep, the deepest point yet reached in the ocean »

More profile about the speaker
James Cameron | Speaker | TED.com