TED@Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Ilona Stengel: The role of human emotions in science and research
伊蘿娜史丹吉爾: 在科學和研究中，人類的情緒扮演的是什麼角色？
Filmed:
Readability: 4.6
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在科學和研究中，人類情緒扮演著什麼角色？材料研究者伊蘿娜史丹吉爾指出，情緒和邏輯並非對立的，它們能互補且強化彼此。她分享了一項各案研究，說明如何妥善運用情緒（比如，賦予一種能投入心血在有意義的事情上的感覺）就能提升團隊合作以及個人發展──並催化科學突破和創新。
Ilona Stengel - Material researcher
Ilona Stengel focuses her work on the synthesis of new organic molecules, stemming from her passion for organic chemistry. Full bio
Ilona Stengel focuses her work on the synthesis of new organic molecules, stemming from her passion for organic chemistry. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'm a scientist,
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我是科學家，
00:14
and I'm a big fan of Star Trek,
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我也是《星際爭霸戰》的死忠影迷，
00:18
especially of Mr. Spock.
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最喜歡的角色是史巴克。
00:21
Mr. Spock is a scientist as well,
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史巴克也是科學家，
00:23
and at the same time,
he's the first [officer]
he's the first [officer]
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同時，他也是企業號太空船的大副，
00:26
of the starship Enterprise,
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00:29
and during the adventures
of the Enterprise crew,
of the Enterprise crew,
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在企業號船員的冒險過程中，
00:32
he and his colleagues are dealing a lot
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他和他的同事常常要處理
00:34
with the presence or absence
of Mr. Spock's emotions.
of Mr. Spock's emotions.
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史巴克變化無常的情緒。
00:39
Mr. Spock is half-human and half-Vulcan,
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史巴克是半人類、半瓦肯族人，
00:43
and Vulcans are an alien race
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瓦肯族是一個外星種族，
00:46
who learn to control
and suppress their feelings
and suppress their feelings
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他們能夠控制和壓抑他們的感受，
00:49
and to act purely out of logic.
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完全只依照邏輯來行事。
00:51
As Mr. Spock is only half-Vulcan,
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因為史巴克只是半個瓦肯族人，
00:54
he sees himself constantly in conflict
in between logic and emotions,
in between logic and emotions,
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他常常會發現自己在
邏輯和情緒之間產生矛盾，
邏輯和情緒之間產生矛盾，
01:00
and as he's part of a team,
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且因為他是團隊的一份子，
01:02
the whole crew is struggling with,
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全體船員都要面對
01:05
is analyzing,
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這種矛盾，分析它，
01:07
and is making fun of this conflict.
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並拿它開玩笑。
01:09
And also the fans of Star Trek
watch with amusement
watch with amusement
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而《星際爭霸戰》粉絲
是抱著娛樂的心態
是抱著娛樂的心態
01:12
this seemingly contradictory behavior.
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在看這種似乎很矛盾的行為。
01:15
They find it quite fascinating.
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他們覺得這行為挺迷人的。
01:19
And the matter is a golden thread
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而這個問題，是從六十年代至今，
01:21
through the whole Star Trek series
and movies from the '60s until today.
and movies from the '60s until today.
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貫穿了整個《星際爭霸戰》
影集和電影的故事線。
影集和電影的故事線。
01:25
And that's actually
what I want to talk about today:
what I want to talk about today:
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那其實就是我今天想談的主題；
01:27
the role of emotions in science.
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情緒在科學中的角色。
01:31
We tend to think that science
is all about facts and logic
is all about facts and logic
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我們通常會認為，科學的
重點就是事實和邏輯，
重點就是事實和邏輯，
01:35
and human feelings are often neglected
or considered an obstacle to get rid of.
or considered an obstacle to get rid of.
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而人類的感受，通常會被忽略，
或被視為是障礙而被擺脫掉。
或被視為是障礙而被擺脫掉。
01:40
I would like to suggest that emotions
are as important in science
are as important in science
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我想提出的是，
情緒在科學中的重要性，
情緒在科學中的重要性，
01:45
as they are in any other part
of our lives.
of our lives.
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並不亞於它在我們人生中
其他部分的重要性。
其他部分的重要性。
01:48
Science is made by humans,
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科學是人造的，
01:50
and as human beings,
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而身為人類，
01:52
even if we try hard,
we cannot get rid of our emotions.
we cannot get rid of our emotions.
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不論如何努力，
我們都無法擺脫我們的情緒。
我們都無法擺脫我們的情緒。
01:56
So instead of fighting them,
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所以，我認為不要對抗感受，
01:58
I believe that even in science,
we should make use of our feelings,
we should make use of our feelings,
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反之，即使在科學中，
也應該要擅用我們的感受，
也應該要擅用我們的感受，
02:02
because for breakthroughs and innovation,
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因為，對於突破以及創新而言，
02:04
they are equally important
as facts and logic.
as facts and logic.
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感覺和事實及邏輯是同等重要的。
02:09
I will come back to Mr. Spock,
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我等會兒再來談史巴克，
02:11
but first let me share my experience
on the role of emotions and science,
on the role of emotions and science,
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但首先，先讓我分享我關於情緒
在科學中所扮演角色的經驗，
在科學中所扮演角色的經驗，
02:16
and one story in particular
kept me thinking about it
kept me thinking about it
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有一個故事，
特別讓我在過去數年間
不斷思考這一點。
不斷思考這一點。
02:19
for the last couple of years.
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02:21
I'm working in research
on organic light-emitting diodes,
on organic light-emitting diodes,
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我所研究的主題是有機發光二極體，
02:26
so-called OLEDs.
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也就是所謂的 OLED。
02:28
This is how you might know them,
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各位對 OLED 的認識可能是
02:30
as new generation of displays.
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新一代的顯示應用。
02:33
OLEDs are more and more used
in smartphone displays and TV screens.
in smartphone displays and TV screens.
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越來越多智慧手機顯示以及
電視螢幕開始採用 OLED。
電視螢幕開始採用 OLED。
02:37
They make them appear bright,
truly colorful and bendable.
truly colorful and bendable.
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OLED 讓顯示效果會更明亮，
顏色更豐富，還可以彎曲。
顏色更豐富，還可以彎曲。
在我的物理學家同事的
研究實驗室中，
研究實驗室中，
02:43
This is how they look like
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02:45
in the research lab
of my physicist colleagues.
of my physicist colleagues.
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它們看起來是這樣的。
02:48
And this is what I, as a chemist,
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而我身為一個化學家，
在思考 OLED 時腦中想的是這樣。
02:51
have in mind when I think about them.
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02:53
I've loved it ever since
I started to work on it.
I started to work on it.
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從我開始研究它，就愛上了它。
02:57
So I didn't really like the news
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所以，我很不樂意聽到
02:59
when the company I had been working for --
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我過去工作的公司──
03:01
that was my previous employer --
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也就是我的前僱主──
03:04
announced that they wanted
to stop OLED research.
to stop OLED research.
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宣佈他們想要終止 OLED 的研究。
03:08
At the time, the management
had reasons for this decision,
had reasons for this decision,
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當時管理階層做出
這個決策是有理由的，
這個決策是有理由的，
03:11
and the company handled it
very well, actually.
very well, actually.
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且公司其實把這件事處理得非常好。
03:13
Nobody lost their jobs,
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沒有人失業，
03:15
and everybody was rewarded
for their performed work.
for their performed work.
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每個人都依其所做的事
得到該有的獎勵。
得到該有的獎勵。
03:19
What I want to show you today
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今天，我想告訴各位
03:20
is what happened
with my scientist colleagues and me
with my scientist colleagues and me
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我的科學家同事和我在公司宣佈後
03:23
during the time in between
the announcement
the announcement
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一直到專案的最後一天之間，
03:26
and the last working day on our project.
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這段時間內發生了什麼事。
03:29
Consider it a small case study
on emotions in science.
on emotions in science.
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把它想成是一個小型個案
研究關於科學中的情緒。
研究關於科學中的情緒。
03:34
In 2015, our research team
had grown to more than 80 people,
had grown to more than 80 people,
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2015 年，我們的
研究團隊擴展到八十人，
研究團隊擴展到八十人，
03:39
and even after the announcement
that our project was discontinued,
that our project was discontinued,
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即使是已經宣佈了我們的
專案計畫不會再繼續下去，
專案計畫不會再繼續下去，
03:42
we could not stop working
from one day to another.
from one day to another.
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我們還是無法停止天天工作。
03:45
It took several months
to bring all activities to a sound end
to bring all activities to a sound end
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花了好幾個月，才把所有的活動
都畫下美好的句點，
都畫下美好的句點，
03:49
and to find new jobs
within the company for everyone.
within the company for everyone.
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並為每個人在公司內部找到新工作。
03:53
Here's what happened.
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這就是發生的情況。
03:54
Even though we knew
that we were working on a project
that we were working on a project
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即使我們知道我們所投身的
03:57
that was to be stopped,
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專案計畫將要被終止，
03:59
during those months
our output hit the roof.
our output hit the roof.
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在那幾個月當中，
我們的產出達到了頂峰。
我們的產出達到了頂峰。
04:03
We were actually working
on two different OLED projects:
on two different OLED projects:
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我們其實在進行兩個
不同的 OLED 專案計畫：
不同的 OLED 專案計畫：
04:06
first, the development of materials
for blue-shining OLEDs,
for blue-shining OLEDs,
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第一，開發藍光 OLED 的材料，
04:10
which had started in 2001;
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這個計畫始於 2001 年；
04:13
and second, materials for green OLEDs,
which had started in 2014.
which had started in 2014.
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第二，開發綠光 OLED 的材料，
這個計畫始於 2014 年。
這個計畫始於 2014 年。
04:19
And the results I show you here
concern the green OLED project.
concern the green OLED project.
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各位在這裡看到的結果，
是綠光 OLED 專案計畫的。
是綠光 OLED 專案計畫的。
04:23
In the graph, you can see
how the lifetime,
how the lifetime,
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在圖上可以看見「壽命」，
04:26
which is a crucial measure
for the durability of our devices,
for the durability of our devices,
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對於我們的裝置而言，
它是耐用度的重要測量指標，
它是耐用度的重要測量指標，
04:29
developed over time.
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隨時間，壽命越來越長。
04:32
In 2015, just half a year
into the project,
into the project,
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在 2015 年，
這個專案計畫開始才半年，
這個專案計畫開始才半年，
04:36
we were told to scale down,
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我們就被告知規模要縮小，
04:39
to stop working on the project
as soon as possible
as soon as possible
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盡快停止這項專案計畫的工作，
04:42
and to start over in other jobs.
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到其他的工作上重新開始。
04:44
Nevertheless, from this time on,
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然而，自此之後，
04:47
our results continued to improve rapidly.
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我們的結果持續快速進步。
04:52
How did that happen?
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那是怎麼發生的？
04:55
After the announcement, pretty quickly,
colleagues started leaving the team,
colleagues started leaving the team,
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宣佈計畫要終止之後，
很快同事就開始離開團隊，
很快同事就開始離開團隊，
04:59
and soon, we were left in a small group,
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沒多久，我們就只剩一小群人，
05:01
all pretty much sharing
the same attitude of,
the same attitude of,
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大致上都有著相同的態度：
05:04
"I'm going to be the last person
leaving the ship."
leaving the ship."
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「我要當最後一個離開沉船的人。」
05:08
What I mean is,
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我的意思是，
05:09
while the number of scientists
working on the project was decreasing,
working on the project was decreasing,
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雖然投入那個專案計畫的
科學家人數減少，
科學家人數減少，
05:13
the dedication of people remaining
grew dramatically.
grew dramatically.
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人們投注的心力卻持續顯著成長。
05:19
And also, a new and more intense
team spirit formed.
team spirit formed.
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此外，也形成了一種
更強的新團隊精神。
更強的新團隊精神。
05:23
We all shared the same
passion for our work,
passion for our work,
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我們對我們的工作
都有著相同的熱忱，
都有著相同的熱忱，
05:26
we all were sad that it was about to end,
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我們都對專案計畫要終止感到難過，
05:30
and we all wanted to show
that we could turn our ideas into reality.
that we could turn our ideas into reality.
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我們都想要展現出，
我們能把我們的想法實現。
我們能把我們的想法實現。
05:34
We felt that we belonged
to something bigger.
to something bigger.
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我們覺得，我們屬於更大的目標。
05:38
And furthermore,
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此外，
05:40
our project was less and less
in the focus of the management,
in the focus of the management,
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管理階層越來越不關注
在我們的專案計畫上，
在我們的專案計畫上，
05:44
because they started
to think about new projects,
to think about new projects,
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因為他們開始思考新的專案計畫，
05:46
restructuring and so on.
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改組等等。
05:49
This resulted in additional freedom
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這讓我們有了額外的自由，
05:52
and the possibility to take
a few things into our own hands.
a few things into our own hands.
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且有機會自己掌控幾件事情。
05:57
Of course, more freedom
also means more responsibility,
also means more responsibility,
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當然，更多的自由
也意味著更多的責任，
也意味著更多的責任，
06:01
which we were happy to take,
because we believed in our work.
because we believed in our work.
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我們很樂意承擔責任，
因為我們對我們的工作有信心。
因為我們對我們的工作有信心。
06:05
We felt empowered.
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我們覺得能夠去做。
06:08
And these three pillars --
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而這三大支柱──
06:10
dedication, belonging and empowerment --
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投入、歸屬、賦權──
06:15
worked together in a kind
of self-reinforcing cycle,
of self-reinforcing cycle,
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以一種自我強化循環的
形式共同運作，
形式共同運作，
06:18
and the closer we got to shutdown,
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我們越接近截止期限，
06:20
the better our output became.
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我們的產出結果就更好。
06:23
So we were working
with such personal engagement
with such personal engagement
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所以，我們工作時，
對這個已被判死刑的
對這個已被判死刑的
06:25
on a project already sentenced to death
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專案計畫，投注的是個人的心血，
06:28
because we felt connected
to something meaningful.
to something meaningful.
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因為我們感到這是件有意義的事。
06:33
Of course, it was also a hard
and sometimes frustrating time,
and sometimes frustrating time,
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當然，有些時候會很艱難，
有時很讓人灰心，
有時很讓人灰心，
06:38
but we were sitting together in the lab,
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但我們會一起坐在實驗室中，
06:40
or occasionally in the café,
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或偶爾在咖啡廳中，
06:42
sharing our sadness
about the end of our project
about the end of our project
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分享我們對於專案計畫
即將終止的悲傷，
即將終止的悲傷，
06:45
as well as the joy in our work.
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以及在工作上的喜悅。
06:48
So overall, we had a very intense
and mesmerizingly exciting time.
and mesmerizingly exciting time.
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整體來說，我們渡過了一段
非常緊繃又有著迷人刺激感的時光。
非常緊繃又有著迷人刺激感的時光。
06:54
And the lifetime we finally obtained
for our materials
for our materials
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我們研發的材料，最後達成的壽命
06:58
was on one level with already
commercialized materials
commercialized materials
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水平已達到了當時已經商業化的
07:01
for green OLEDs at the time,
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綠光 OLED 材料，
07:04
and we achieved this within just one year.
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我們只用了一年就達到這個成果。
07:07
And those results helped our employer
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那些結果，協助我們的僱主
07:10
to sell the patents for real value.
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把專利以很好的價格出售。
07:14
Now, let me tell you the same story
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現在，讓我告訴各位
一個同樣的故事，
一個同樣的故事，
07:18
with different characters
and a slightly different operation.
and a slightly different operation.
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只是角色不同，
且營運有些微差異。
且營運有些微差異。
這個故事是取自《星際爭霸戰》。
07:22
The story is part of Star Trek.
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07:24
And sorry for those of you
who haven't seen the movies,
who haven't seen the movies,
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對於沒看過這個系列的人，很抱歉，
07:27
but I need to introduce a spoiler here.
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我得要在這裡破一個梗。
07:30
After Mr. Spock sacrificed himself
to save the starship Enterprise
to save the starship Enterprise
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在史巴克犧牲了他自己
來拯救企業號之後，
來拯救企業號之後，
07:35
at the end of Star Trek II,
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這是《星際爭霸戰》第二集的結尾，
07:37
Captain Kirk and his core team
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寇克艦長和他的核心團隊
07:39
were determined to hunt
through the universe to search for Spock,
through the universe to search for Spock,
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下定決心要搜索
全宇宙，找到史巴克，
全宇宙，找到史巴克，
07:43
even though they could see
only very little chance
only very little chance
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即使他們也知道，找到他且
他還活著的機率是微乎其微。
他還活著的機率是微乎其微。
07:46
in finding him alive.
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07:48
And Starfleet Command
did not give them permission
did not give them permission
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而星艦指揮官沒有給予他們許可，
也沒給他們船艦來讓他們這麼做。
07:51
nor a starship to do so,
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07:53
so they took it very passionately
into their own hands
into their own hands
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所以，他們非常有熱忱地
自己接手這件事，
自己接手這件事，
07:56
to travel out to find Spock.
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開始向外尋找史巴克。
07:59
And after dealing with great challenges,
they eventually found Spock,
they eventually found Spock,
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在面臨並解決了巨大的挑戰之後，
他們最終找到了史巴克，
他們最終找到了史巴克，
08:03
and he happily and gratefully
joined the team again.
joined the team again.
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他很開心且很感恩地
再次加入了團隊。
再次加入了團隊。
08:08
He could feel the dedication
and the connection of his team
and the connection of his team
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他的團隊的專案計畫
就是拯救他並團結組員，
就是拯救他並團結組員，
08:11
towards their project,
which was to save him
which was to save him
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而他能感受到這個團隊
對專案計畫有多麼
對專案計畫有多麼
08:15
and to hold the crew together.
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投入且緊密連結。
08:18
And over the years,
over the episodes of the saga,
over the episodes of the saga,
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經過許多年，經過
很多集的冒險故事，
很多集的冒險故事，
08:22
Mr. Spock came to realize
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史巴克漸漸了解，
08:23
that the combination
of both logic and emotions
of both logic and emotions
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邏輯和情緒的結合
08:28
is crucial for facing challenges
and exploring new worlds,
and exploring new worlds,
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對於面對挑戰以及探索
新世界而言都是很重要的，
新世界而言都是很重要的，
08:33
and there was no contradiction anymore.
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他也就不再有矛盾了。
08:37
So the storyline here
for both our OLED story and Star Trek
for both our OLED story and Star Trek
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所以，我們的 OLED 故事
和《星際爭霸戰》的劇情，
和《星際爭霸戰》的劇情，
08:42
is actually the basic setting
for a lot of breakthrough stories,
for a lot of breakthrough stories,
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其實是在科學領域內外，關於突破的
08:45
in and out of science.
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許多故事的基本背景。
08:48
The main characters
are all part of a great team.
are all part of a great team.
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主要角色都是偉大團隊的一部分。
08:52
All team members show a huge dedication
towards reaching their goal.
towards reaching their goal.
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所有團隊成員都展現出他們
願為其目標做出極大的奉獻。
願為其目標做出極大的奉獻。
08:58
They strive to seize
all the freedom they can get,
all the freedom they can get,
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他們努力抓住所有能取得的自由，
09:02
and they take the responsibility
they need to take.
they need to take.
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他們扛起他們必須要扛起的責任。
09:07
During the time our OLED project
was nearing the end,
was nearing the end,
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在我們的 OLED 專案計畫
快要結束的時期，
快要結束的時期，
09:10
I received one piece of advice
several times.
several times.
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我收到了一項建議，
且不只一個人這麼跟我說：
且不只一個人這麼跟我說：
09:15
"Don't take it to your heart.
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「別把這事放在心上。
09:17
You can work on something else."
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你可以去做其他的事。」
09:20
If I had followed it,
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如果我遵循這項建議，
09:21
it would have saved me
several depressed evenings
several depressed evenings
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我可能就可以省下
好幾個沮喪的夜晚
好幾個沮喪的夜晚
09:25
and many tears,
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以及許多眼淚，
09:28
but at the same time,
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但同時，
09:29
I would have failed to gain a great deal
in personal development and happiness.
in personal development and happiness.
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我也無法收穫如此多的
個人進步和成功的喜悅。
個人進步和成功的喜悅。
09:36
And as the same is true
for my colleagues and our whole project,
for my colleagues and our whole project,
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對於我同事以及我們的整個
專案計畫而言亦是如此，
專案計畫而言亦是如此，
09:39
we would have achieved far less.
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我們本來不可能有那麼高的成就的。
09:42
So of course, science
should be based on facts and logic.
should be based on facts and logic.
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所以，當然，科學應該
以事實和邏輯為根據。
以事實和邏輯為根據。
09:47
When I say we should use
our emotions in science,
our emotions in science,
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我說我們應該要把情緒用在科學中，
09:51
I do not suggest we should use
feelings instead of facts.
feelings instead of facts.
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我的意思並非要用感覺來取代事實。
09:55
But I say we should not be afraid
of using our feelings
of using our feelings
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我的意思是，我們不該
害怕使用我們的感覺，
害怕使用我們的感覺，
09:58
to implement and to catalyze
fact-based science and innovation.
fact-based science and innovation.
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來導入和催化以事實
為根據的科學及創新。
為根據的科學及創新。
10:03
Emotions and logic
do not oppose each other.
do not oppose each other.
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情緒和邏輯並非彼此對立的。
10:06
They complement each other,
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它們能互相支持，
10:09
and they reinforce each other.
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它們能互相强化。
10:12
The feeling of being dedicated
to something meaningful,
to something meaningful,
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感覺到自己在為
有意義的事情投入心血，
有意義的事情投入心血，
10:16
of belonging to something bigger
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感覺自己屬於某個更大的目標，
10:19
and of being empowered
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感覺被賦權去做事，
10:21
is crucial for creativity and innovation.
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對於創意和創新而言都是很重要的。
10:26
Whatever you are working on,
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不論你在做的是什麼事，
10:28
make sure that it matters,
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要確保它是重要的事，
10:31
and take it to your heart
as much as you like.
as much as you like.
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然後以喜歡的方式用心去做。
10:34
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:35
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ilona Stengel - Material researcherIlona Stengel focuses her work on the synthesis of new organic molecules, stemming from her passion for organic chemistry.
Why you should listen
As Lab Head for Research and Development of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLED), Ilona Stengel designs specific molecules which transport electrical charges or emit light for display applications. She studied chemistry at the University of Konstanz and graduated with her diploma thesis about natural product synthesis in 2007, and she received her PhD at the University of Ulm in organic electronics. Over the past ten years, she's been part of several international academic and industrial research groups, which has given her insights into people's motivation in a scientific and research context.
Ilona Stengel | Speaker | TED.com