TED2016
Brian Little: Who are you, really? The puzzle of personality
Brian Little: Kes oled sa tegelikult? Isiksuse mõistatus
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9,968,069 views
Mis teeb sinust just sinu? Psühholoogidele meeldib rääkida iseloomujoontest või väljakujunenud seadumustest, mis teevad meist just need, kes me oleme. Brian Little’it huvitavad rohkem episoodid, mil me oma põhiloomusest kõrvale kaldume - vahel nõuab meilt seda meie sotsiaalne keskkond ja vahel nõuame me seda endalt ise. Professor Little kutsub kaasamõtlema ja märkama ootamatuid erinevusi introvertide ja ekstravertide vahel ning selgitab, miks inimeste isiksus on ehk mitmetahulisemgi, kui seda ise arvata osatakse.
Brian Little - Personality researcher
Cambridge research professor Brian Little analyzes and redefines the threads of our personalities -- and suggests ways we can transform ourselves. Full bio
Cambridge research professor Brian Little analyzes and redefines the threads of our personalities -- and suggests ways we can transform ourselves. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
What an intriguing
group of individuals you are ...
group of individuals you are ...
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Te olete üks väga põnev grupp inimesi...
00:17
to a psychologist.
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psühholoogi jaoks.
00:18
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
00:20
I've had the opportunity
over the last couple of days
over the last couple of days
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Mul on siin paari päeva
jooksul olnud võimalus
jooksul olnud võimalus
00:23
of listening in on some
of your conversations
of your conversations
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kuulata pealt teie jutuajamisi
ja vaadata, kuidas te üksteisega suhtlete.
00:26
and watching you interact with each other.
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Ja ma võin juba praegu öelda,
00:29
And I think it's fair to say, already,
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00:31
that there are 47 people in this audience,
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et siin publiku hulgas on 47 inimest,
nüüd ja praegu,
00:37
at this moment,
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kel esineb just selliseid
psühholoogilisi sümptomeid,
psühholoogilisi sümptomeid,
00:39
displaying psychological symptoms
I would like to discuss today.
I would like to discuss today.
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millest ma täna tahaksin rääkida.
00:43
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Mõtlesin, et ehk on huvitav teada,
kes meil siin konkreetselt on.
kes meil siin konkreetselt on.
00:44
And I thought you might
like to know who you are.
like to know who you are.
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00:47
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Aga selle asemel, et teile näpuga osutada,
00:49
But instead of pointing at you,
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00:51
which would be gratuitous and intrusive,
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mis oleks ehk asjatult pealetükkiv,
mõtlesin, et räägin teile
parem üht-teist sellist,
parem üht-teist sellist,
00:54
I thought I would tell you
a few facts and stories,
a few facts and stories,
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milles võite ära tunda natukene iseennast.
00:57
in which you may catch
a glimpse of yourself.
a glimpse of yourself.
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01:02
I'm in the field of research
known as personality psychology,
known as personality psychology,
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Minu uurimisvaldkond
on isikusepsühholoogia
on isikusepsühholoogia
01:06
which is part of a larger
personality science
personality science
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mis on osa laiemast indiviidi
uurivast teadusvaldkonnast,
uurivast teadusvaldkonnast,
01:09
which spans the full spectrum,
from neurons to narratives.
from neurons to narratives.
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hõlmates tervet spektrit
närvirakkudest kuni narratiivideni.
närvirakkudest kuni narratiivideni.
Ja me püüame omal moel jõuda selleni,
01:15
And what we try to do,
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et saaksime aru, kuidas igaüks meist -
01:17
in our own way,
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01:19
is to make sense of how each of us --
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igaüks teist -
01:22
each of you --
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on mõnes mõttes samasugune
01:24
is, in certain respects,
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01:26
like all other people,
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nagu kõik teised inimesed,
nagu mõned teised inimesed,
01:28
like some other people
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aga samas nagu mitte keegi teine.
01:31
and like no other person.
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Võib-olla te juba ütlete endamisi:
01:34
Now, already you may
be saying of yourself,
be saying of yourself,
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“Ma pole üldse huvitav.
01:37
"I'm not intriguing.
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01:41
I am the 46th most boring person
in the Western Hemisphere."
in the Western Hemisphere."
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Olen 46. kõige igavam inimene
läänepoolkeral."
läänepoolkeral."
Või ehk ütlete endamisi:
01:47
Or you may say of yourself,
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“Ma olen huvitav inimene,
01:50
"I am intriguing,
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01:53
even if I am regarded by most people
as a great, thundering twit."
as a great, thundering twit."
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isegi kui enamik peab
mind täiesti napakaks.”
mind täiesti napakaks.”
01:57
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Aga just see enesehinnanguline igavus
või sünnipärane napakus ongi see,
või sünnipärane napakus ongi see,
01:58
But it is your self-diagnosed boringness
and your inherent "twitiness"
and your inherent "twitiness"
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mis mind kui psühholoogi,
teie juures kõige rohkem köidab.
teie juures kõige rohkem köidab.
02:04
that makes me, as a psychologist,
really fascinated by you.
really fascinated by you.
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02:09
So let me explain why this is so.
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Las ma selgitan, miks see nii on.
Üks kõige mõjukamaid teooriaid
isiksuse teaduslikus kirjeldamises
isiksuse teaduslikus kirjeldamises
02:12
One of the most influential approaches
in personality science
in personality science
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02:16
is known as trait psychology,
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on iseloomuomaduste psühholoogia,
02:18
and it aligns you along five dimensions
which are normally distributed,
which are normally distributed,
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mis määrab isiksuse tüübi viie
peamise iseloomuomaduse lõikes,
peamise iseloomuomaduse lõikes,
kirjeldades universaalseid loomuomadusi,
mis inimesi eristavad.
mis inimesi eristavad.
02:23
and that describe universally held aspects
of difference between people.
of difference between people.
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Nende loomuomaduste esitähtedest
moodustub sõna OCEAN.
moodustub sõna OCEAN.
02:31
They spell out the acronym OCEAN.
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"O" tähendab "avatust kogemusele,"
02:34
So, "O" stands for "open to experience,"
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vastandudes nendele,
kes on rohkem kinnised.
kes on rohkem kinnised.
02:37
versus those who are more closed.
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"C" tähendab "meelekindlust,"
02:39
"C" stands for "conscientiousness,"
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02:42
in contrast to those with a more
lackadaisical approach to life.
lackadaisical approach to life.
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vastandina siis lõdvemale ellusuhtumisele.
02:46
"E" -- "extroversion," in contrast
to more introverted people.
to more introverted people.
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"E" - ekstraverdid", vastandina
pigem introvertsetele inimestele.
pigem introvertsetele inimestele.
"A" - "sotsiaalsus,"
02:51
"A" -- "agreeable individuals,"
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vastandina neile, kes teadlikult
eelistavad olla vähemsotsiaalsed.
eelistavad olla vähemsotsiaalsed.
02:53
in contrast to those
decidedly not agreeable.
decidedly not agreeable.
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Ja "N" - "neurootlisus,"
02:57
And "N" -- "neurotic individuals,"
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vastandudes suuremale stabiilsusele.
03:00
in contrast to those who are more stable.
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03:04
All of these dimensions have
implications for our well-being,
implications for our well-being,
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Kõik need loomuomadused
mõjutavad meie heaolu
mõjutavad meie heaolu
ja meie elukäiku.
03:07
for how our life goes.
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Näiteks on teada, et
avatus ja kohusetunne
avatus ja kohusetunne
03:10
And so we know that, for example,
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on heaks eelduseks elus läbilöömisel,
03:13
openness and conscientiousness
are very good predictors of life success,
are very good predictors of life success,
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03:18
but the open people achieve that success
through being audacious
through being audacious
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kuid avatud inimesed saavutavad edu
tänu oma hulljulgusele
tänu oma hulljulgusele
03:23
and, occasionally, odd.
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ja vahel ka tänu oma veidrustele.
03:26
The conscientious people
achieve it through sticking to deadlines,
achieve it through sticking to deadlines,
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Meelekindlad inimesed saavutavad edu
tänu tähtaegadest kinnipidamisele
tänu tähtaegadest kinnipidamisele
nad on järjekindlad ja sageli pühendunud.
03:30
to persevering, as well as
having some passion.
having some passion.
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03:35
Extroversion and agreeableness
are both conducive
are both conducive
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Ekstravertsus ja sotsiaalsus soodustavad
teiste inimestega koostöö head laabumist.
03:39
to working well with people.
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Ekstraverdid on minu jaoks
äärmiselt põnevad.
äärmiselt põnevad.
03:42
Extroverts, for example,
I find intriguing.
I find intriguing.
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03:45
With my classes, I sometimes
give them a basic fact
give them a basic fact
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Loengutes esitan neile mõne lihtsa väite,
03:48
that might be revealing
with respect to their personality:
with respect to their personality:
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mis aitaks välja tuua nende loomuomadusi.
03:52
I tell them that it is virtually
impossible for adults
impossible for adults
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Ütlen neile näiteks, et täiskasvanutel
on peaaegu võimatu
on peaaegu võimatu
03:57
to lick the outside of their own elbow.
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puudutada keelega oma
küünarnuki väliskülge.
küünarnuki väliskülge.
04:01
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Kas teadsite seda?
04:02
Did you know that?
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Juba ongi mitmed siin üritanud
oma küünarnukki limpsida.
oma küünarnukki limpsida.
04:05
Already, some of you have tried
to lick the outside of your own elbow.
to lick the outside of your own elbow.
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Aga ekstraverdid on teie hulgas
04:09
But extroverts amongst you
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on tõenäoliselt need, kes mitte
ainult korraks ei proovinud,
ainult korraks ei proovinud,
04:11
are probably those
who have not only tried,
who have not only tried,
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vaid ongi juba tublisti
lisaks oma küünarnukile
lisaks oma küünarnukile
04:14
but they have successfully
licked the elbow
licked the elbow
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ka kõrvalistuja küünarnukki lakkunud.
04:16
of the person sitting next to them.
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04:18
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Nemad on siis ekstraverdid.
04:19
Those are the extroverts.
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04:21
Let me deal in a bit more detail
with extroversion,
with extroversion,
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Ma räägiksin ekstravertidest lähemalt,
sest see on äärmiselt oluline ja huvitav
04:24
because it's consequential
and it's intriguing,
and it's intriguing,
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ja see aitab meil mõista,
meie kolmest olemust.
meie kolmest olemust.
04:27
and it helps us understand
what I call our three natures.
what I call our three natures.
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04:31
First, our biogenic nature --
our neurophysiology.
our neurophysiology.
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Esimesena, meie biogeneetiline olemus,
meie neurofüsioloogia
meie neurofüsioloogia
04:34
Second, our sociogenic or second nature,
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Teiseks, meie sotsiaalgeneetiline olemus,
04:38
which has to do with the cultural
and social aspects of our lives.
and social aspects of our lives.
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mis hõlmab meie elu
kultuurilisi ja sotsiaalseid apekte.
kultuurilisi ja sotsiaalseid apekte.
Ja kolmandaks see, mis teeb igast
inimesest omanäolise, tema isikupära.
inimesest omanäolise, tema isikupära.
04:42
And third, what makes you
individually you -- idiosyncratic --
individually you -- idiosyncratic --
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Nimetan seda isiksuslikuks olemuseks.
04:50
what I call your "idiogenic" nature.
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04:53
Let me explain.
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Las ma selgitan.
Üks ekstraverte iseloomustav omadus
on vajadus stimulatsiooni järele.
on vajadus stimulatsiooni järele.
04:56
One of the things that characterizes
extroverts is they need stimulation.
extroverts is they need stimulation.
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05:00
And that stimulation can be achieved
by finding things that are exciting:
by finding things that are exciting:
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Ja seda stimulatsiooni
leiab sealt, kus on põnev:
leiab sealt, kus on põnev:
05:05
loud noises, parties
and social events here at TED --
and social events here at TED --
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vali heli, peod ja koosviibimised
nagu siin TED-il.
nagu siin TED-il.
Ekstraverdid moodustavad
nii öelda magneetilise tuuma.
nii öelda magneetilise tuuma.
05:09
you see the extroverts
forming a magnetic core.
forming a magnetic core.
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05:13
They all gather together.
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Nad kogunevad kokku,
olen teid siin märganud.
05:14
And I've seen you.
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Intraverdid veedavad oma aega
pigem vaiksemates kohtades
pigem vaiksemates kohtades
05:16
The introverts are more likely
to spend time in the quiet spaces
to spend time in the quiet spaces
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05:19
up on the second floor,
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kuskil teisel korrusel,
kus on võimalik stiimuleid vähendada
05:21
where they are able
to reduce stimulation --
to reduce stimulation --
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ja seda tõlgendatakse
kui mitte-sotsiaalsust,
kui mitte-sotsiaalsust,
05:25
and may be misconstrued
as being antisocial,
as being antisocial,
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aga te pole tingimata mitte-sotsiaalsed.
05:29
but you're not necessarily antisocial.
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Võimalik, et te olete lihtsalt mõistnud,
et saate paremini hakkama,
et saate paremini hakkama,
05:33
It may be that you simply realize
that you do better
that you do better
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05:37
when you have a chance
to lower that level of stimulation.
to lower that level of stimulation.
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kui stimulatsiooni on võimalik vähendada.
Vahel on tegemist sisemise stiimuliga,
mis tuleb organismist seespoolt.
mis tuleb organismist seespoolt.
05:42
Sometimes it's an internal
stimulant, from your body.
stimulant, from your body.
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Näiteks kofeiin mõjub ekstravertidele
palju positiivsemalt kui introvertidele.
palju positiivsemalt kui introvertidele.
05:47
Caffeine, for example, works much better
with extroverts than it does introverts.
with extroverts than it does introverts.
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Kui ekstraverdid jõuavad
hommikul kell 9 kontorisse
hommikul kell 9 kontorisse
05:52
When extroverts come into the office
at nine o'clock in the morning
at nine o'clock in the morning
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ja ütlevad, et vajavad kohe tassi kohvi,
05:55
and say, "I really need a cup of coffee,"
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siis on neil tõsi taga,
05:58
they're not kidding --
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nad vajavad seda päriselt ka.
05:59
they really do.
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Introvertidele see sama hästi mõju,
06:01
Introverts do not do as well,
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eriti, kui nad peavad töötama peale seda,
06:03
particularly if the tasks
they're engaged in --
they're engaged in --
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kui nad on joonud tassi kohvi,
06:06
and they've had some coffee --
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kui ollakse ajalise surve all
ja tööd on palju
ja tööd on palju
06:08
if those tasks are speeded,
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06:10
and if they're quantitative,
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Introverdid võivad jätta mulje,
et neil ei ole eriti midagi käsil,
et neil ei ole eriti midagi käsil,
06:12
introverts may give the appearance
of not being particularly quantitative.
of not being particularly quantitative.
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aga see mulje on petlik.
06:17
But it's a misconstrual.
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See, mis selgub, on päris intrigeeriv:
06:19
So here are the consequences
that are really quite intriguing:
that are really quite intriguing:
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me polegi alati need,
kellena väljast paistame
kellena väljast paistame
06:22
we're not always what seem to be,
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ja see viib mind järgmise asjani.
06:24
and that takes me to my next point.
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Võiksin ehk rääkida enne,
kui järgmise asja juurde läheme
kui järgmise asja juurde läheme
06:28
I should say, before getting to this,
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06:30
something about sexual intercourse,
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midagi seksuaalvahekordade kohta,
aga mul vist pole selleks aega.
06:33
although I may not have time.
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Nii et kui te tahaksite, et ma...
06:35
And so, if you would like me to --
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Jah, te soovite?
06:38
yes, you would?
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Selge.
06:39
OK.
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(Naer)
06:40
(Laughter)
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On tehtud uurimusi
06:41
There are studies done
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abieluliste vahekordade sageduse kohta,
06:43
on the frequency with which
individuals engage in the conjugal act,
individuals engage in the conjugal act,
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kogudes andmeid nii meeste kui naiste,
nii introvertide kui ekstravertide lõikes.
nii introvertide kui ekstravertide lõikes.
06:49
as broken down by male, female;
introvert, extrovert.
introvert, extrovert.
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Küsingi nüüd teilt:
06:53
So I ask you:
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mitu korda ühes minutis...
06:54
How many times per minute --
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vabandust, see oli hoopis
rottidega tehtud uuring.
rottidega tehtud uuring.
06:57
oh, I'm sorry, that was a rat study --
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06:59
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Mitu korda ühes kuus
07:02
How many times per month
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astuvad introvertsed mehed vahekorda?
07:06
do introverted men engage in the act?
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07:10
3.0.
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3.0
Ekstravertsed mehed?
07:11
Extroverted men?
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Rohkem või vähem?
07:13
More or less?
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Jah, rohkem.
07:15
Yes, more.
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5.5 ehk peaaegu kaks korda rohkem.
07:17
5.5 -- almost twice as much.
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Introverstsed naised: 3.1
07:21
Introverted women: 3.1.
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Ekstravertsed naised?
07:23
Extroverted women?
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Ausalt öeldes,
introvertse mehe pilgu läbi,
introvertse mehe pilgu läbi,
07:25
Frankly, speaking as an introverted male,
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mida ma selgitan hiljem,
07:28
which I will explain later --
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on nad lausa kangelased.
07:30
they are heroic.
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7.5
07:32
7.5.
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Nad saavad hakkama
kõikide meesoost ekstravertidega,
kõikide meesoost ekstravertidega,
07:35
They not only handle
all the male extroverts,
all the male extroverts,
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vaid korjavad peale ka
hea hulga introverte.
hea hulga introverte.
07:38
they pick up a few introverts as well.
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07:40
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
07:48
We communicate differently,
extroverts and introverts.
extroverts and introverts.
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Ekstraverdid ja introverdid
väljendavad ennast erinevalt.
väljendavad ennast erinevalt.
Ekstraverdid tahavad suheldes
07:54
Extroverts, when they interact,
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võimalikult palju sotsiaalseid kontakte
ja väikest distantsi.
ja väikest distantsi.
07:56
want to have lots of social encounter
punctuated by closeness.
punctuated by closeness.
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Nad eelistavad suhtlemisel
olla teisele lähedal.
olla teisele lähedal.
08:00
They'd like to stand close
for comfortable communication.
for comfortable communication.
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Neile meeldib hoida tugevat pilkkontakti
08:04
They like to have a lot of eye contact,
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ja üksteisele silma vaadata.
08:06
or mutual gaze.
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Uurimustes on leitud,
08:09
We found in some research
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et nad kasutavad rohkem hellitusnimesid,
08:10
that they use more diminutive terms
when they meet somebody.
when they meet somebody.
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kui kellegiga tuttavaks saadakse.
08:13
So when an extrovert meets a Charles,
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Seega, kui ekstravert saab
tuttavaks Charlesiga,
tuttavaks Charlesiga,
saab sellest kiirelt Charlie ja siis Chuck
08:16
it rapidly becomes "Charlie,"
and then "Chuck,"
and then "Chuck,"
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08:19
and then "Chuckles Baby."
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ja siis Chuck-poiss.
08:21
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Introvertidele aga jääb ta Charlesiks,
08:23
Whereas for introverts,
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08:24
it remains "Charles," until he's given
a pass to be more intimate
a pass to be more intimate
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seniks kuni vestluspartner ise
pole andnud luba olla intiimsem.
08:29
by the person he's talking to.
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Me räägime erinevalt.
08:32
We speak differently.
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Ekstraverdid eelistavad must-valget,
konkreetset ja lihtsat keelt.
konkreetset ja lihtsat keelt.
08:36
Extroverts prefer black-and-white,
concrete, simple language.
concrete, simple language.
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Introverdid eelistavad,
ja ma pean taaskord toonitama,
ja ma pean taaskord toonitama,
08:43
Introverts prefer --
and I must again tell you
and I must again tell you
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et olen kõige hullem introvert
keda suudate eales ette kujutada,
keda suudate eales ette kujutada,
08:47
that I am as extreme an introvert
as you could possibly imagine --
as you could possibly imagine --
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me räägime väga erinevalt.
08:52
we speak differently.
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Me eelistame sisutihedaid,
08:54
We prefer contextually complex,
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keerulisi,
08:58
contingent,
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09:00
weasel-word sentences --
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targalt kõlavaid lauseid.
09:02
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Enam vähem nii see on.
09:03
More or less.
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(Naer)
09:05
(Laughter)
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Mitte otses mõttes.
09:06
As it were.
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(Naer)
09:08
(Laughter)
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Ilma pikemalt keerutamata,
09:09
Not to put too fine a point upon it --
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umbes selliseid.
09:11
like that.
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Kui me omavahel räägime,
09:13
When we talk,
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09:15
we sometimes talk past each other.
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siis vahel räägime
üksteisest täiesti mööda.
üksteisest täiesti mööda.
09:17
I had a consulting contract
I shared with a colleague
I shared with a colleague
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Mul oli kunagi koos ühe
kolleegiga nõustamisleping,
kolleegiga nõustamisleping,
09:20
who's as different from me
as two people can possibly be.
as two people can possibly be.
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ta oli minust nii erinev,
kui üldse saab olla.
kui üldse saab olla.
09:23
First, his name is Tom.
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Esiteks, tema nimi oli Tom.
Minul nimi see pole.
09:26
Mine isn't.
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(Naer)
09:27
(Laughter)
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Teiseks, ta on 2 meetrit pikk.
09:29
Secondly, he's six foot five.
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Mina ilmselt pigem mitte.
09:30
I have a tendency not to be.
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09:32
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Ja kolmandaks, oli ta kõige ekstravertsem
inimene kes üldse olemas on.
inimene kes üldse olemas on.
09:34
And thirdly, he's as extroverted
a person as you could find.
a person as you could find.
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Ja mina olen tugevalt introvertne.
09:37
I am seriously introverted.
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Ma koorman ennast nii üle,
09:40
I overload so much,
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et ei saa peale kella kolme
isegi kohvi juua,
isegi kohvi juua,
09:42
I can't even have a cup of coffee
after three in the afternoon
after three in the afternoon
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kui tahan õhtul magama jääda.
09:47
and expect to sleep in the evening.
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Me olime sinna projekti kaasanud
veel ühe mehe nimega Michael.
veel ühe mehe nimega Michael.
09:50
We had seconded to this project
a fellow called Michael.
a fellow called Michael.
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09:55
And Michael almost brought
the project to a crashing halt.
the project to a crashing halt.
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Ja Michael oleks äärepealt
kogu projekti tuksi keeranud.
kogu projekti tuksi keeranud.
Seega inimene, kes teda meile
soovitas, küsis Tomilt ja minult:
soovitas, küsis Tomilt ja minult:
10:00
So the person who seconded him
asked Tom and me,
asked Tom and me,
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"Mis the Michaelist arvate?"
10:05
"What do you make of Michael?"
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No ma kohe ütlen teile, mis Tom ütles.
10:06
Well, I'll tell you
what Tom said in a minute.
what Tom said in a minute.
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Ta rääkis nagu tüüpiline ekstravert.
10:09
He spoke in classic "extrovert-ese."
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Ja nii kuulsid ekstravertide kõrvad seda,
mis ütlesin mina
mis ütlesin mina
10:11
And here is how extroverted ears
heard what I said,
heard what I said,
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ja see oli tegelikult üpris täpne.
10:15
which is actually pretty accurate.
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Ma ütlesin: “Michaelil on kohati kalduvus
10:17
I said, "Well Michael does have
a tendency at times
a tendency at times
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käituda nii, et võib tekkida mulje,
10:22
of behaving in a way
that some of us might see
that some of us might see
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et on tegemist keskmisest enam
ennast kehtestava inimesega.”
ennast kehtestava inimesega.”
10:26
as perhaps more assertive
than is normally called for."
than is normally called for."
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(Naer)
10:30
(Laughter)
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Tom pööritas silmi ja ütles:
10:33
Tom rolled his eyes and he said,
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"Brian, see on täpselt sama,
mis mina ütlesin,
mis mina ütlesin,
10:35
"Brian, that's what I said:
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ta on täielik sitapea!”
10:38
he's an asshole!"
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10:40
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
(Aplaus)
10:42
(Applause)
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10:45
Now, as an introvert,
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Introverdina võin ma ju õrnalt vihjata
mõnele “sitapeale" omasele joonele
mõnele “sitapeale" omasele joonele
10:46
I might gently allude to certain
"assholic" qualities
"assholic" qualities
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selle mehe käitumises,
10:52
in this man's behavior,
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aga ma ei torma solvaguid pilduma.
10:53
but I'm not going to lunge for the a-word.
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10:56
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Aga ekstravert ütleb:
10:59
But the extrovert says,
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“Kui ta käitub ja räägib nagu
sitapea, siis see ta ongi.”
sitapea, siis see ta ongi.”
11:00
"If he walks like one, if he talks
like one, I call him one."
like one, I call him one."
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11:03
And we go past each other.
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Ja nii me räägimegi üksteisest mööda.
Kas see peaks tähelepanelikuks tegema?
11:05
Now is this something
that we should be heedful of?
that we should be heedful of?
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Muidugi.
11:09
Of course.
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Seda on oluline endale teadvustada.
11:10
It's important that we know this.
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Kas see ongi kõik, mis me oleme?
11:12
Is that all we are?
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Kas me oleme lihtsalt hunnik iseloomujooni?
11:14
Are we just a bunch of traits?
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Ei, seda me ei ole.
11:17
No, we're not.
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Pea meeles, sa oled nagu mõned teised
11:20
Remember, you're like some other people
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ja samas mitte kellegi teise moodi.
11:23
and like no other person.
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Kuidas on selle isikupärase sinaga?
11:25
How about that idiosyncratic you?
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Sa võid olla Elizabeth või George,
11:28
As Elizabeth or as George,
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teil võivad mõlemal olla ekstraverdi
või neurootilisuse tunnused.
või neurootilisuse tunnused.
11:31
you may share your extroversion
or your neuroticism.
or your neuroticism.
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Aga kas on mingid kindlad Elizabethile
omased jooned sinu käitumises
omased jooned sinu käitumises
11:36
But are there some distinctively
Elizabethan features of your behavior,
Elizabethan features of your behavior,
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või Georgile omased sinu käitumises,
11:40
or Georgian of yours,
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mis aitavad teid paremini mõista,
kui lihtsalt iseloomujoonte rägastikku?
kui lihtsalt iseloomujoonte rägastikku?
11:43
that make us understand you
better than just a bunch of traits?
better than just a bunch of traits?
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11:48
That make us love you?
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Mis panevad teid armastama?
Mitte lihtsalt sellepärast, et olete
mingit konkreetset tüüpi inimene.
mingit konkreetset tüüpi inimene.
11:51
Not just because you're
a certain type of person.
a certain type of person.
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Minu jaoks on kuidagi imelik
lahterdada inimesi kategooriatesse.
lahterdada inimesi kategooriatesse.
11:55
I'm uncomfortable putting
people in pigeonholes.
people in pigeonholes.
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Isegi tuvisid peaks kastidesse lahterdama!
11:59
I don't even think pigeons
belong in pigeonholes.
belong in pigeonholes.
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Seega mis on see asi, mis meid eristab?
12:03
So what is it that makes us different?
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See on see, mida me elus teeme.
12:06
It's the doings that we have
in our life -- the personal projects.
in our life -- the personal projects.
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Meie isiklikud ettevõtmised.
Teil kõigil on ajada mingi oma asi,
12:11
You have a personal project right now,
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aga keegi teine ei pruugi seda teada.
12:13
but nobody may know it here.
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See asi võib olla seotud su lapsega.
12:17
It relates to your kid --
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Oled juba kolm korda haiglas käinud,
12:19
you've been back three times
to the hospital,
to the hospital,
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aga ikka ei osata öelda, mis viga on.
12:21
and they still don't know what's wrong.
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Või on midagi lahti su emaga.
12:25
Or it could be your mom.
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Ja seetõttu oled viimasel
ajal käitunud teistmoodi.
ajal käitunud teistmoodi.
12:28
And you'd been acting out of character.
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12:30
These are free traits.
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Need on kinnistumata iseloomujooned.
Sa võid olla väga meeldiv inimene,
kuid käituda ebameeldivalt,
kuid käituda ebameeldivalt,
12:33
You're very agreeable,
but you act disagreeably
but you act disagreeably
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selleks, et murda haiglas
läbi administratiivse rägastiku,
läbi administratiivse rägastiku,
12:36
in order to break down those barriers
of administrative torpor
of administrative torpor
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12:40
in the hospital,
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et teha midagi oma ema või lapse heaks.
12:41
to get something
for your mom or your child.
for your mom or your child.
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Mis need kinnistumata iseloomujooned on?
12:45
What are these free traits?
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12:47
They're where were enact a script
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Nad on justkui stsenaarium,
mida me järgime,
mida me järgime,
et saaksime paremini asjada asja,
mis on meile elus oluline.
mis on meile elus oluline.
12:49
in order to advance
a core project in our lives.
a core project in our lives.
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Need kinnistamata jooned
on need, mis tegelikult loevad.
on need, mis tegelikult loevad.
12:53
And they are what matters.
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2058
12:55
Don't ask people what type you are;
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Ära küsi kelleltki,
mis tüüpi inimene nad on,
mis tüüpi inimene nad on,
küsi: “Mis on sinu jaoks
kõige olulisemad asjad?”
kõige olulisemad asjad?”
12:58
ask them, "What are your core
projects in your life?"
projects in your life?"
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Meie käitumine põhineb
kinnistamata loomuomadustel.
kinnistamata loomuomadustel.
13:01
And we enact those free traits.
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13:03
I'm an introvert,
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1315
Mina olen introvert,
13:04
but I have a core project,
which is to profess.
which is to profess.
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aga mu elu eesmärgiks
on õpetatada.
on õpetatada.
Ma olen õppejõud.
13:09
I'm a professor.
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Ja ma jumaldan oma üliõpilasi,
13:11
And I adore my students,
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ja ma jumaldan oma eriala.
13:15
and I adore my field.
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1587
Ja ma ei jõua ära oodata, millal ma saan
13:16
And I can't wait to tell them
about what's new, what's exciting,
about what's new, what's exciting,
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neile rääkida kõigest uuest ja põnevast,
ma lihtsalt tahan nendega seda jagada.
13:23
what I can't wait to tell them about.
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Ja sel juhul käitun ma nagu ekstravert,
13:25
And so I act in an extroverted way,
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sest kell 8 hommikul
13:27
because at eight in the morning,
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1528
vajavad üliõpilased veidi huumorit,
13:29
the students need a little bit of humor,
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2344
midagi, mis neid kaasa haaraks,
13:31
a little bit of engagement
to keep them going
to keep them going
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kuigi õppekoormus on niigi suur.
13:34
in arduous days of study.
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1451
Aga peame olema ettevaatlikud,
13:36
But we need to be very careful
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kui käitume pikemat aega
oma loomusele mittevastavalt.
oma loomusele mittevastavalt.
13:38
when we act protractedly out of character.
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2956
Vahel märkame, et me ei kanna
enda eest piisavalt hoolt.
enda eest piisavalt hoolt.
13:42
Sometimes we may find
that we don't take care of ourselves.
that we don't take care of ourselves.
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4732
Mina tunnen, et peale
pseudo-ekstravertse käitumise perioodi,
pseudo-ekstravertse käitumise perioodi,
13:49
I find, for example, after a period
of pseudo-extroverted behavior,
of pseudo-extroverted behavior,
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4614
pean sellest kusagil omaette taastuma.
13:53
I need to repair somewhere on my own.
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2300
Nagu Susan Cain ütles
oma raamatus “Vaikus",
oma raamatus “Vaikus",
13:57
As Susan Cain said in her "Quiet" book,
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3119
peatükis, mis rääkis ühest
veidrast Kanada professorist,
veidrast Kanada professorist,
14:01
in a chapter that featured
the strange Canadian professor
the strange Canadian professor
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2972
kes sellel ajal õpetas Harvardis,
14:04
who was teaching at the time at Harvard,
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1995
et teinekord läheb ta meeste tualetti,
14:07
I sometimes go to the men's room
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et pääseda märatsevate ekstravertide
noolerahe eest.
noolerahe eest.
14:08
to escape the slings and arrows
of outrageous extroverts.
of outrageous extroverts.
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3696
(Naer)
14:13
(Laughter)
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1084
Ma mäletan selgelt seda päeva,
kui olin eraldunud ühte kabiini
kui olin eraldunud ühte kabiini
14:14
I remember one particular day
when I was retired to a cubicle,
when I was retired to a cubicle,
277
842177
6372
üritades vältida liigset stimulatsiooni.
14:20
trying to avoid overstimulation.
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1925
Ja üks tõeline ekstrovert
tuli minu kõrvale.
tuli minu kõrvale.
14:23
And a real extrovert came
in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,
in beside me -- not right in my cubicle,
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5247
Mitte minu kabiini,
vaid minu kõrvalkabiini.
vaid minu kõrvalkabiini.
14:28
but in the next cubicle over --
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856388
1955
Ja ma kuulsin mitmeid
soolestikku puhastavaid helisid,
soolestikku puhastavaid helisid,
14:30
and I could hear various
evacuatory noises,
evacuatory noises,
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14:32
which we hate -- even our own,
282
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mida me kõik vihkame,
isegi oma enda omasid,
isegi oma enda omasid,
selle pärast tõmbame vett nii
peale lõpetamist kui ka poole peal.
peale lõpetamist kui ka poole peal.
14:35
that's why we flush
during as well as after.
during as well as after.
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2730
14:37
(Laughter)
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1732
(Naer)
14:40
And then I heard
this gravelly voice saying,
this gravelly voice saying,
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4590
Ja siis ma kuulsin
üht ragisevat häält küsimas:
üht ragisevat häält küsimas:
"Kas see on Dr Little?"
14:44
"Hey, is that Dr. Little?"
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2435
14:47
(Laughter)
287
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1929
(Naer)
Kui miski suudab tekitada
introverdil kuueks kuuks kõhukinnisuse,
introverdil kuueks kuuks kõhukinnisuse,
14:50
If anything is guaranteed
to constipate an introvert for six months,
to constipate an introvert for six months,
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6367
siis on see poti peal vestlemine.
14:57
it's talking on the john.
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1761
14:58
(Laughter)
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1230
(Naer)
Sinna lähen ma ka praegu.
15:00
That's where I'm going now.
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2100
Ärge tulge mulle järgi.
15:02
Don't follow me.
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1356
Aitäh.
15:04
Thank you.
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1179
(Aplaus)
15:05
(Applause)
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9118
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Brian Little - Personality researcherCambridge research professor Brian Little analyzes and redefines the threads of our personalities -- and suggests ways we can transform ourselves.
Why you should listen
Brian Little is an unapologetic introvert -- but in front of a classroom or a lecture hall, he delivers impassioned and witty explorations of contemporary personality psychology. In Little's view, we are as driven by spontaneous, "out of character" moments (and the projects we are passionate about) as we are by innate and learned traits.
Little's book Me, Myself and Us not only beautifully outlines Little's personality theories, but also imparts potentially life-changing advice for readers, while it warns of the hidden costs of hiding your true personality.
Brian Little | Speaker | TED.com