TEDGlobal 2013
Julian Treasure: How to speak so that people want to listen
Julian Treasure: Kako govoriti na način da ljudi žele saslušati
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Jeste li se ikada osjećali kao da govorite, a da vas nitko ne sluša? Julian Treasure dolazi vam u pomoć. U ovom korisnom govoru, stručnjak za zvuk pokazuje osnovne vještine moćnog govorništva — od nekih korisnih glasovnih vježbi do savjeta o pričanju s empatijom. Govor koji bi zvuk svijeta mogao učiniti ljepšim.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
The human voice:
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Ljudski glas:
00:16
It's the instrument we all play.
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instrument koji sviramo svi.
00:18
It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.
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To je, vjerojatno,
najmoćniji zvuk na svijetu.
najmoćniji zvuk na svijetu.
00:20
It's the only one that can start a war
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Jedini je koji može započeti rat
00:22
or say "I love you."
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ili reći ''volim te''.
00:24
And yet many people have the experience
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No mnogi dožive iskustvo
00:25
that when they speak, people don't listen to them.
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da ih ljudi ne slušaju dok govore.
00:28
And why is that?
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A zašto je to tako?
00:29
How can we speak powerfully
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Kako možemo govoriti snažno
00:31
to make change in the world?
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da izazovemo promjene u svijetu?
00:33
What I'd like to suggest, there are
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Želio bih predložiti
00:35
a number of habits that we need to move away from.
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određeni broj navika
od kojih se trebamo odmaknuti.
od kojih se trebamo odmaknuti.
00:37
I've assembled for your pleasure here
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Za vaš sam užitak ovdje izdvojio
00:39
seven deadly sins of speaking.
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sedam smrtnih grijeha govorništva.
Ne smatram ovo sveobuhvatnom listom,
00:41
I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,
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00:43
but these seven, I think, are pretty large
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no mislim da su ovih
sedam poprilično velike
sedam poprilično velike
00:46
habits that we can all fall into.
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navike u koje možemo upasti.
00:49
First, gossip,
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Prvo, ogovaranje,
00:52
speaking ill of somebody who's not present.
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govorenje loših stvari
o nekome tko nije prisutan.
o nekome tko nije prisutan.
00:54
Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well
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Nije lijepa navika, i znamo dobro
00:56
the person gossiping five minutes later
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da će osoba koja ogovara pet minuta kasnije
00:58
will be gossiping about us.
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ogovarati nas.
01:01
Second, judging.
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Drugo, osuđivanje.
01:03
We know people who are like this in conversation,
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Znamo ljude koji su takvi u razgovorima,
01:05
and it's very hard to listen to somebody
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i vrlo je teško slušati nekoga
01:07
if you know that you're being judged
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ako znaš da ti se sudi
01:09
and found wanting at the same time.
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i da ćeš istovremeno
biti proglašen nedovoljno dobrim.
biti proglašen nedovoljno dobrim.
01:12
Third, negativity.
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Treće, negativnost.
01:14
You can fall into this.
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Možete upasti u ovo.
01:15
My mother, in the last years of her life,
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Moja je majka, na kraju svog života,
01:17
became very, very negative, and it's hard to listen.
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postala vrlo negativna i
teško je to slušati.
teško je to slušati.
01:19
I remember one day, I said to her,
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Sjećam se da sam joj jedan dan rekao,
01:21
"It's October 1 today,"
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''Danas je 1.10,''
01:22
and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"
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a ona je rekla, ''Zar to nije užasno?''
(Smijeh)
01:25
(Laughter)
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01:27
It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.
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Teško je slušati kada
je netko tako negativan.
je netko tako negativan.
01:30
And another form of negativity, complaining.
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I drugi oblik negativnosti, žalopojke.
01:33
Well, this is the national art of the U.K.
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Ovo je, eto, oblik nacionalne
umjetnosti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
umjetnosti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.
01:37
It's our national sport. We
complain about the weather,
complain about the weather,
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Naš nacionalni sport. Žalimo se na vrijeme,
01:39
about sport, about politics, about everything,
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sport, politiku, na sve,
01:42
but actually complaining is viral misery.
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no žalopojke su zapravo zarazna bijeda.
01:44
It's not spreading sunshine
and lightness in the world.
and lightness in the world.
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Tako ne širimo sunce i lakoću svijetom.
01:48
Excuses. We've all met this guy.
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Isprike. Svi smo upoznali tog tipa.
01:51
Maybe we've all been this guy.
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Možda smo svi bili taj tip.
01:52
Some people have a blamethrower.
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Neki ljudi imaju naviku okrivljavati druge.
01:55
They just pass it on to everybody else
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Samo je prebacuju svima drugima
01:57
and don't take responsibility for their actions,
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i ne preuzimaju odgovornost
za svoje djelovanje,
za svoje djelovanje,
01:59
and again, hard to listen to
somebody who is being like that.
somebody who is being like that.
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i, opet, teško je slušati nekoga tko je takav.
02:02
Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,
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Predzadnji, šesti od sedam,
02:04
embroidery, exaggeration.
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kićenje, pretjerivanje.
02:08
It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.
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Ono zapravo ponekad umanjuje naš jezik.
02:10
For example, if I see something
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Primjerice, ako vidim nešto
02:12
that really is awesome,
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što je zaista fantastično,
02:14
what do I call it?
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kako to nazovem?
02:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:17
And then of course this exaggeration becomes lying,
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No onda, naravno,
to pretjerivanje postane laganje,
to pretjerivanje postane laganje,
02:20
out and out lying, and we don't want to listen
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pravo laganje, a ne želimo slušati
02:22
to people we know are lying to us.
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ljude za koje znamo da nam lažu.
02:24
And finally, dogmatism,
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I, na kraju, dogmatizam,
02:27
the confusion of facts with opinions.
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brkanje činjenica s mišljenjem.
02:31
When those two things get conflated,
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Kada se te dvije stvari spoje
02:33
you're listening into the wind.
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slušaš uzalud.
02:34
You know, somebody is bombarding you
with their opinions as if they were true.
with their opinions as if they were true.
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Kada vas netko napada
mišljenjima kao da su istine.
mišljenjima kao da su istine.
02:38
It's difficult to listen to that.
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Teško je to slušati.
02:40
So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.
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I evo ih, sedam smrtnih
grijeha govorništva.
grijeha govorništva.
02:43
These are things I think we need to avoid.
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Smatram da ove stvari treba izbjegavati.
02:46
But is there a positive way to think about this?
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No postoji li pozitivan način
razmišljanja o ovome?
razmišljanja o ovome?
02:48
Yes, there is.
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Postoji.
02:50
I'd like to suggest that there are four
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Predložio bih četiri
02:52
really powerful cornerstones, foundations,
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zaista snažna kamena temeljca
02:55
that we can stand on if we want our speech
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na kojima možemo stajati ako želimo svoj govor
02:58
to be powerful and to make change in the world.
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učiniti moćnim i sposobnim mijenjati svijet.
03:01
Fortunately, these things spell a word.
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Srećom, te kvalitete sriču riječ.
03:04
The word is "hail," and it has
a great definition as well.
a great definition as well.
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Riječ je ''hail''(tuča) te i
sama postavlja izvrsnu definiciju.
sama postavlja izvrsnu definiciju.
03:07
I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky
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Ne govorim o tuči koja pada s neba
03:09
and hits you on the head.
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i pogađa ljude u glavu.
03:10
I'm talking about this definition,
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Govorim o ovoj definiciji,
03:12
to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,
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pozdraviti entuzijastično,
03:14
which is how I think our words will be received
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točno onako kako mislim da će
naše riječi biti primljene
naše riječi biti primljene
03:17
if we stand on these four things.
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ako stanemo na te četiri kvalitete.
03:18
So what do they stand for?
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Koje su to kvalitete?
03:20
See if you can guess.
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Da vidimo možete li pogoditi.
03:21
The H, honesty, of course,
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H je iskrenost (honesty), naravno
03:25
being true in what you say, being straight and clear.
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biti iskren u onome što
kažete, biti izravan i jasan.
kažete, biti izravan i jasan.
03:28
The A is authenticity, just being yourself.
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A je za autentičnost,
sposobnost da budete svoji.
sposobnost da budete svoji.
03:32
A friend of mine described it as
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Moj prijatelj opisao ju je kao
03:33
standing in your own truth,
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stajanje na vlastitoj istini,
03:35
which I think is a lovely way to put it.
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što smatram doista lijepim opisom.
03:37
The I is integrity, being your word,
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I je za integritet, da to bude vaša riječ,
03:40
actually doing what you say,
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zaista raditi ono što kažete,
03:41
and being somebody people can trust.
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i biti netko kome će ljudi vjerovati.
03:44
And the L is love.
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A L je ljubav.
03:47
I don't mean romantic love,
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Ne mislim pritom na romantičnu ljubav,
03:49
but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.
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već na gajenje dobrih namjera
prema ljudima, iz dva razloga.
prema ljudima, iz dva razloga.
03:52
First of all, I think absolute honesty
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Na prvome mjestu, potpuna iskrenost
03:55
may not be what we want.
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možda i nije ono što želimo.
03:56
I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.
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"Dragi bože, što ružno izgledaš jutros."
03:58
Perhaps that's not necessary.
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Možda to i nije potrebno.
04:02
Tempered with love, of course,
honesty is a great thing.
honesty is a great thing.
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No ublažena ljubavlju iskrenost je,
naravno, odlična stvar.
naravno, odlična stvar.
04:05
But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,
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No isto tako, ako nekome želite dobro,
04:08
it's very hard to judge them at the same time.
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vrlo ga je teško istovremeno osuđivati.
04:11
I'm not even sure you can do those two things
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Nisam baš siguran da te dvije stvari
04:13
simultaneously.
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mogu ići ruku pod ruku.
04:15
So hail.
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Znači - hail.
04:17
Also, now that's what you say,
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Tu je ono što kažete,
04:18
and it's like the old song, it is what you say,
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no, kao u staroj pjesmi,
ono što kažete,
ono što kažete,
04:20
it's also the way that you say it.
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ali bitno je i kako to kažete.
04:22
You have an amazing toolbox.
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Imate na raspolaganju
divnu kutiju s alatom.
divnu kutiju s alatom.
04:24
This instrument is incredible,
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Taj je instrument nevjerojatan,
04:26
and yet this is a toolbox that very
few people have ever opened.
few people have ever opened.
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no ipak predstavlja kutiju
koju je tek malen broj ljudi otvorio.
koju je tek malen broj ljudi otvorio.
04:29
I'd like to have a little rummage in there
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Volio bih sada malo čačkati po njoj
04:31
with you now and just pull a few tools out
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zajedno s vama i izvaditi par alata
04:33
that you might like to take away and play with,
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s kojima biste se mogli poigrati,
04:35
which will increase the power of your speaking.
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i koji će povećati moć vašeg govorništva.
04:38
Register, for example.
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Glasovni registar, na primjer.
04:40
Now, falsetto register may not
be very useful most of the time,
be very useful most of the time,
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Falsetto registar možda i neće
biti najkorisniji većinu vremena,
biti najkorisniji većinu vremena,
no postoji srednji registar.
04:44
but there's a register in between.
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04:46
I'm not going to get very technical about this
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Neću otići u mnogo tehničkih detalja
04:47
for any of you who are voice coaches.
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za vas koji ste glasovni treneri.
04:49
You can locate your voice, however.
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Međutim, možete locirati svoj glas.
04:51
So if I talk up here in my nose,
you can hear the difference.
you can hear the difference.
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Ako govorim u vrhu nosa, možete čuti razliku.
04:53
If I go down here in my throat,
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Ako odem ovdje dolje u grlo,
04:55
which is where most of us
speak from most of the time.
speak from most of the time.
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odakle većina nas najčešće govori.
04:58
But if you want weight,
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No ako želite težinu,
05:00
you need to go down here to the chest.
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morate otići još dalje, do prsa.
05:03
You hear the difference?
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Čujete li razliku?
05:04
We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,
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Glasujemo za političare
nižih glasova, istina,
nižih glasova, istina,
05:08
because we associate depth with power
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zato što dubinu povezujemo s moći
05:11
and with authority.
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i autoritetom.
05:14
That's register.
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Toliko o glasovnom registru.
05:16
Then we have timbre.
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Potom imamo timbar ili boju.
05:17
It's the way your voice feels.
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Označava osjećaj vlastitog glasa.
05:19
Again, the research shows that we prefer voices
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Istraživanja pokazuju
da više volimo glasove
da više volimo glasove
05:21
which are rich, smooth, warm, like hot chocolate.
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koji su bogati, glatki,
topli, poput tople čokolade.
topli, poput tople čokolade.
05:26
Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,
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No ako to niste vi, nije kraj svijeta,
05:30
because you can train.
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jer možete vježbati.
05:31
Go and get a voice coach.
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Pronađite glasovnog trenera.
05:32
And there are amazing things you can do
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Postoje divne stvari
koje možete napraviti
koje možete napraviti
05:34
with breathing, with posture, and with exercises
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uz disanje, držanje tijela i vježbe
05:37
to improve the timbre of your voice.
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kako biste popravili timbar svoga glasa.
05:39
Then prosody. I love prosody.
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Potom prozodija. Volim prozodiju.
05:41
This is the sing-song, the meta-language
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To je pjevan meta-jezik
05:43
that we use in order to impart meaning.
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koji koristimo da priopćimo značenje.
05:45
It's root one for meaning in conversation.
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Prvi korijen značenja u razgovoru.
05:48
People who speak all on one note
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Ljude koji govore u jednom te istom tonu
05:50
are really quite hard to listen to
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zaista je teško slušati
05:52
if they don't have any prosody at all.
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ako nemaju nikakve prozodije.
05:54
That's where the world monotonic comes from,
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Odatle dolazi riječ ''monotonično''
05:57
or monotonous, monotone.
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ili monotono, jednozvučno.
06:00
Also we have repetitive prosody now coming in,
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Postoji i repetativna prozodija
06:03
where every sentence ends as if it were a question
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pri kojoj svaka rečenica
završava kao da je upitna
završava kao da je upitna
06:06
when it's actually not a question, it's a statement.
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iako zapravo nije pitanje nego izjava.
06:08
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
06:11
And if you repeat that one over and over,
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A ako to ponavljate uvijek i iznova,
06:12
it's actually restricting your ability
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zapravo ograničavate svoju sposobnost
06:14
to communicate through prosody,
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da komunicirate kroz prozodiju,
06:15
which I think is a shame,
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što smatram da je šteta,
06:17
so let's try and break that habit.
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pa pokušajmo onda razbiti tu naviku.
06:20
Pace. I can get very, very excited
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Tempo. Mogu postati vrlo, vrlo uzbuđen
06:22
by saying something really, really quickly,
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govoreći nešto vrlo, vrlo brzo.
06:24
or I can slow right down to emphasize,
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ili mogu sasvim usporiti da naglasim nešto,
06:28
and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend
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a na samom kraju nas,
naravno, čeka naš stari prijatelj
naravno, čeka naš stari prijatelj
06:31
silence.
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tišina.
06:34
There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence
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Nema ništa loše u malo tišine
06:36
in a talk, is there?
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u razgovoru, zar ne?
06:38
We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.
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Ne moramo je popunjavati
s ''hmovima'' i ''ahovima''.
s ''hmovima'' i ''ahovima''.
06:41
It can be very powerful.
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Može biti iznimno moćna.
06:43
Of course, pitch often goes along with pace
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Naravno, visina često ide
ruku pod ruku s tempom
ruku pod ruku s tempom
06:46
to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.
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ne bi li označila uzbuđenje,
no možete to napraviti samo s visinom.
no možete to napraviti samo s visinom.
06:48
Where did you leave my keys?
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Gdje si ostavio moje ključeve?
06:50
Where did you leave my keys?
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Gdje si ostavio moje ključeve?
06:52
So slightly different meaning
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Blaga je razlika u značenju
06:54
in those two deliveries.
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u ova dva načina isporuke.
06:56
And finally, volume.
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I, na kraju, glasnoća.
06:58
I can get really excited by using volume.
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Mogu postati zaista uzbuđen koristeći glasnoću.
07:01
Sorry about that if I startled anybody.
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Žao mi je ako je ovo nekoga prepalo.
07:04
Or, I can have you really pay attention
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Ili vas mogu natjerati
da zaista obratite pozornost
da zaista obratite pozornost
07:06
by getting very quiet.
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tako što postanem vrlo tih.
07:08
Some people broadcast the whole time.
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Neki ljudi emitiraju program čitavo vrijeme.
07:10
Try not to do that.
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Pokušajte ne raditi to.
07:12
That's called sodcasting,
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To se zove limitiranje programa,
07:15
imposing your sound on people around you
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nametanje vašega glasa ljudima oko vas
07:17
carelessly and inconsiderately. Not nice.
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nepažljivo i bezobzirno. Nije lijepo.
07:21
Of course, where this all comes into play most of all
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Naravno, sve ovo najviše dolazi do izražaja
07:23
is when you've got something really important to do.
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kada imate nešto uistinu
značajno za napraviti.
značajno za napraviti.
07:25
It might be standing on a stage like this
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Moguće je da to bude stati ovdje
07:27
and giving a talk to people.
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i održati ljudima govor.
07:29
It might be proposing marriage,
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Moguće da bude prosidba,
07:31
asking for a raise, a wedding speech.
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traženje povišice ili govor na vjenčanju.
07:34
Whatever it is, if it's really important,
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Što god bilo, ako je zaista važno,
07:36
you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox
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sami sebi ste dužni
pogledati u tu kutiju s alatom
pogledati u tu kutiju s alatom
07:40
and the engine that it's going to work on,
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i motor na kojemu će ona raditi,
07:42
and no engine works well without being warmed up.
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a nijedan motor ne radi
dobro dok se ne zagrije.
dobro dok se ne zagrije.
07:45
Warm up your voice.
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Zagrijte svoj glas.
07:47
Actually, let me show you how to do that.
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Dopustite mi da vam pokažem kako.
07:49
Would you all like to stand up for a moment?
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Mogu li vas zamoliti da nakratko ustanete?
07:52
I'm going to show you the
six vocal warmup exercises
six vocal warmup exercises
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Pokazat ću vam šest glasovnih vježbi
za zagrijavanje
za zagrijavanje
07:55
that I do before every talk I ever do.
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koje odradim prije svakog svog govora.
07:59
Anytime you're going to talk to
anybody important, do these.
anybody important, do these.
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Svaki put kada krenete razgovarati
s nekim bitnim, napravite ovo.
s nekim bitnim, napravite ovo.
08:01
First, arms up, deep breath in,
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Prvo, ruke gore, duboki udah,
08:04
and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.
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i izdaaaaaaah, tako.
08:07
One more time.
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Još jednom.
08:09
Ahhhh, very good.
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Aaaaa, jako dobro.
08:12
Now we're going to warm up our lips,
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Sada ćemo zagrijati usne,
08:14
and we're going to go ba, ba, ba, ba,
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i krenut ćemo ovako ba, ba, ba, ba,
08:16
ba, ba, ba, ba. Very good.
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ba, ba, ba, ba. Jako dobro.
08:19
And now, brrrrrrrrrr,
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A sada, brrrrrrrrrrrr,
08:22
just like when you were a kid.
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kao kad ste bili dijete.
08:24
Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.
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Brrrr. Sada bi vaše usne
trebale početi oživljavati.
trebale početi oživljavati.
08:26
We're going to do the tongue next
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Potom ćemo raditi na jeziku
08:28
with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.
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s prenaglašenim
la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.
la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.
08:32
Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.
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Prekrasno. Postajete stvarno dobri u ovome.
08:34
And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.
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A sada zarolajte R.. Rrrrrrr.
08:38
That's like champagne for the tongue.
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To vam dođe kao šampanjac za jezik.
08:40
Finally, and if I can only do one,
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Konačno, ako mogu samo jedno napraviti,
08:42
the pros call this the siren.
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profići ovo nazivaju sirenom.
08:44
It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."
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Zaista je dobro.
Počinje s ''ui'' i ide prema ''aou.''
Počinje s ''ui'' i ide prema ''aou.''
08:46
The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.
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''Ui'' je visoko, ''aou'' je nisko.
08:48
So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.
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I probajmo,
uiiiiiaoooouuuu, uiiiiiaoooouuuu.
uiiiiiaoooouuuu, uiiiiiaoooouuuu.
Fantastično. Zaplješćite si.
08:54
Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.
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08:56
Take a seat, thank you. (Applause)
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Sjednite, hvala. (Pljesak)
08:59
Next time you speak, do those in advance.
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Idući puta kada budete
govorili, napravite to unaprijed.
govorili, napravite to unaprijed.
09:02
Now let me just put this in context to close.
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Dopustite mi sada da završim
stavljajući ovo u kontekst.
stavljajući ovo u kontekst.
09:05
This is a serious point here.
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Ima jedna ozbiljna poanta.
09:07
This is where we are now, right?
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Ovdje se trenutno nalazimo, zar ne?
09:09
We speak not very well
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Ne govorimo baš dobro
09:10
into people who simply aren't listening
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ljudima koji jednostavno ne slušaju
09:12
in an environment that's all
about noise and bad acoustics.
about noise and bad acoustics.
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u okruženju koje je sama
buka i loša akustika.
buka i loša akustika.
09:15
I have talked about that on this stage
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Govorio sam o tome na ovoj pozornici
09:17
in different phases.
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u različitim fazama.
09:18
What would the world be like
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Kakav bi svijet bio
09:20
if we were speaking powerfully
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kada bismo govorili snažno
09:22
to people who were listening consciously
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ljudima koji slušaju svjesno
09:24
in environments which were actually fit for purpose?
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u okruženjima koja
zapravo odgovaraju svrsi?
zapravo odgovaraju svrsi?
09:27
Or to make that a bit larger,
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Ili, da učinimo stvar malo većom,
09:30
what would the world be like
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kakav bi svijet bio
09:31
if we were creating sound consciously
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kada bismo zvuk stvarali svjesno
09:34
and consuming sound consciously
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i trošili ga svjesno
09:36
and designing all our environments
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i dizajnirali sva svoja okruženja
09:38
consciously for sound?
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svjesno radi zvuka?
09:39
That would be a world that does sound beautiful,
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Bio bi to svijet koji zvuči prekrasno
09:42
and one where understanding
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i u kojem bi razumijevanje
09:44
would be the norm,
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bilo norma,
09:46
and that is an idea worth spreading.
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i to je jedna ideja vrijedna širenja.
09:49
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
09:51
Thank you. (Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com