ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Kaminsky - Actor and writer
Sarah Kaminsky writes about her father, Adolfo Kaminsky, a forger with a mission.

Why you should listen

Born in 1979 in Algeria, of an Argentinean father with Russian origins, and a Tuareg Algerian mother, Sarah Kaminsky arrived in France when she was 3 years old. Passionate about art since her childhood, she started learning the cello at age 4. As a teenager, she discovered two passions, which are still vibrant in her life: theater and writing. Since then, she's shared her time between her acting career and writing screenplays, plays or books.

In 2009, Sarah wrote a book worthy of the best spy novels, based on the true story of her father, Adolfo Kaminsky, genius-forger who committed his know-how and convictions to serve the French Resistance during World War II, saving thousands of Jewish families, and many others over the course of 30 years for various causes around the world.

More profile about the speaker
Sarah Kaminsky | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxParis 2010

Sarah Kaminsky: My father the forger

Sarah Kaminski: Moj oče - ponarejevalec

Filmed:
660,630 views

Sarah Kaminsky pripoveduje nenavadno zgodbo o svojem očetu Adolfu in njegovih junaških dejanjih med 2. svetovno vojno. S svojo spretnostjo in nadarjenostjo je ponarejal osebne dokumente in reševal življenja.
- Actor and writer
Sarah Kaminsky writes about her father, Adolfo Kaminsky, a forger with a mission. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I am the daughterhči of a forgerponarejevalec,
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Sem hčerka ponarejevalca.
00:19
not just any forgerponarejevalec ...
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Ne kateregakoli ponarejevalca:
00:21
When you hearslišite the wordbeseda "forgerponarejevalec," you oftenpogosto understandrazumeti "mercenaryplačanec."
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ko slišimo "ponarejevalec", pogosto razumemo "plačanec",
00:24
You understandrazumeti "forgedponarejena currencyvalute," "forgedponarejena picturesslike."
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slišimo "ponarejen denar", "ponarejene slike".
00:28
My fatherOče is no suchtako man.
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Moj oče ne spada med te ljudi.
00:30
For 30 yearslet of his life,
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30 let svojega življenja
00:31
he madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti --
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je ponarejal osebne dokumente.
00:34
never for himselfsam, always for other people,
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Nikoli zase, vedno za druge,
00:36
and to come to the aidpomoč of the persecutedpreganjani and the oppressedzatirane.
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da bi pomagal preganjanim in zatiranim.
00:40
Let me introduceuvesti him.
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Dovolite, da vam ga predstavim.
00:42
Here is my fatherOče at agestarost 19.
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Tu je moj oče star 19 let.
00:45
It all beganzačel for him duringmed WorldSvet WarVojne IIII,
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Vse se je pravzaprav začelo med 2. svetovno vojno.
00:49
when at agestarost 17 he foundnajdemo himselfsam thrustpotisk
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Pri 17-ih se je znašel
00:51
into a forgedponarejena documentsdokumente workshopdelavnica.
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v delavnici za ponarejanje dokumentov.
00:53
He quicklyhitro becamepostati the falsenapačen papersdokumenti expertstrokovnjak of the ResistanceOdpornost.
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Kmalu je postal strokovnjak Odpora za ponarejanje dokumentov.
00:57
And it's not a banalbanalno storyzgodba --
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A zgodba ni vsakdanja,
00:59
after the liberationosvoboditev he continuednadaljevano
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saj je po osvoboditvi nadaljeval
01:02
to make falsenapačen papersdokumenti untildo the '70s.
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s ponarejanjem dokumentov, vse do 70. let.
01:05
When I was a childotrok
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Ko sem bila majhna,
01:07
I knewvedel nothing about this, of courseseveda.
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nisem o tem, seveda, nič vedela.
01:09
This is me in the middlesredi makingizdelavo facesobrazi.
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Tista v sredini, ki se pači, sem jaz.
01:11
I grewnaraščal up in the ParisPariz suburbspredmestja
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Odrastla sem v predmestju Pariza
01:14
and I was the youngestnajmlajši of threetri childrenotroci.
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kot najmlajša izmed treh otrok.
01:18
I had a "normalnormalno" dadOče like everybodyvsi elsedrugače,
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Imela sem "normalnega" očija, tako kot drugi,
01:20
apartRazen from the factdejstvo that he was 30 yearslet olderstarejši than ...
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razen dejstva, da je bil 30 let starejši od ...
01:22
well, he was basicallyv bistvu oldstar enoughdovolj to be my grandfatherdedek.
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no, lahko bi bil moj dedek.
01:26
AnywayKakorkoli že, he was a photographerfotograf and a streetulica educatorvzgojitelj,
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Bil je fotograf, bil je specialni pedagog,
01:29
and he always taughtučil us to obeyubogati the lawzakon very strictlystrogo.
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in vedno nas je učil, naj ubogamo zakone.
01:33
And, of courseseveda, he never talkedgovoril about his pastpreteklost life
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O svojem nekdanjem življenju ponarejevalca
01:35
when he was a forgerponarejevalec.
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ni, seveda, nikoli govoril.
01:37
There was, howeverVendar, an incidentnezgoda I'm going to tell you about,
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Opisala bom dogodek, zaradi katerega
01:40
that perhapsmorda could have led me suspectsumite something.
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bi morda lahko kaj posumila.
01:43
I was in highvisoko schoolšola and got a badslab graderazred,
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V srednji šoli sem dobila slabo oceno,
01:46
a rareredko eventdogodek for me,
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kar se je redko zgodilo.
01:48
so I decidedodločil to hideskriti it from my parentsstarši.
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Odločila sem se, da je ne pokažem staršem.
01:51
In orderred to do that, I setnastavite out to forgeoblikovati theirnjihovi signaturepodpis.
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Zato sem morala ponarediti njun podpis.
01:54
I startedzačel workingdelo on my mother'smatere signaturepodpis,
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Lotila sem se maminega podpisa,
01:58
because my father'soče is absolutelyabsolutno impossiblenemogoče to forgeoblikovati.
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saj je bilo očetov nemogoče ponarediti.
02:00
So, I got workingdelo. I tookvzel some sheetslisti of paperpapir
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Vzela sem torej papir, na katerem
02:03
and startedzačel practicingprakticiranje, practicingprakticiranje, practicingprakticiranje,
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sem vadila, vadila in vadila,
02:06
untildo I reacheddosegel what I thought was a steadystalno handroka,
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dokler se mi roka ni umirila.
02:08
and wentšla into actionukrepanje.
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Nato sem šla v akcijo.
02:10
LaterKasneje, while checkingpreverjanje my schoolšola bagvreča,
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Ko je mama kasneje v moji šolski torbi našla kontrolko,
02:12
my mothermama got holddržite of my schoolšola assignmentdodelitev and immediatelytakoj saw that the signaturepodpis was forgedponarejena.
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je takoj videla, da je podpis ponarejen.
02:16
She yelledvikala at me like she never had before.
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Vpila je name kot še nikoli.
02:18
I wentšla to hideskriti in my bedroomspalnica, underSpodaj the blanketsodeje,
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Skrila sem se pod odejo v svoji sobi
02:21
and then I waitedčakal for my fatherOče to come back from work
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in z velikim strahom čakala,
02:24
with, one could say, much apprehensionstrah.
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da se oče vrne iz službe.
02:26
I heardslišal him come in.
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Slišala sem ga priti,
02:28
I remainedostalo underSpodaj the blanketsodeje. He enteredvnesli my roomsoba,
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ostala sem pod odejo, oče je vstopil v sobo
02:31
satsedel on the cornerkotiček of the bedpostelja,
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in sedel na rob postelje.
02:33
and he was silenttiho, so I pulledpotegnil the blanketodejo from my headglava,
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Ker ni spregovoril, sem pokukala izpod odeje,
02:36
and when he saw me he startedzačel laughingsmeh.
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on pa se je začel krohotati
02:39
He was laughingsmeh so hardtežko, he could not stop and he was holdinggospodarstvo my assignmentdodelitev in his handroka.
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in kar ni mogel nehati. V roki je imel kontrolko.
02:42
Then he said, "But really, SarahSarah, you could have workeddelal hardertežje! Can't you see it's really too smallmajhna?"
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Dejal je: "Sarah, bolj bi se morala potruditi, podpis je premajhen!"
02:47
IndeedDejansko, it's ratherprecej smallmajhna.
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Res je malce majhen.
02:52
I was bornRojen in AlgeriaAlžirija.
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Rojena sem v Alžiriji.
02:54
There I would hearslišite people say my fatherOče was a "moudjahidmoudjahid"
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Tam sem slišala, da očetu pravijo "mudžahid",
02:58
and that meanssredstva "fighterborec."
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kar pomeni bojevnik.
02:59
LaterKasneje on, in FranceFrancija, I lovedLjubil sem eavesdroppingprisluškovanje on grownups'odrasli conversationspogovori,
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Kasneje - v Franciji - sem rada prisluškovala pogovorom odraslih
03:03
and I would hearslišite all sortsvrste of storieszgodbe about my father'soče previousprejšnji life,
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in slišala marsikaj o očetovem nekdanjem življenju.
03:06
especiallyše posebej that he had "doneKončano" WorldSvet WarVojne IIII,
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Predvsem sem slišala, da je "bil" v 2. svetovni vojni,
03:09
that he had "doneKončano" the AlgerianAlžirski warvojna.
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da je "bil" v vojni v Alžiriji.
03:11
And in my headglava I would be thinkingrazmišljanje that "doing" a warvojna meantpomeni beingbiti a soldiervojak.
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Predstavljala sem si, da "biti" v vojni, pomeni biti vojak.
03:14
But knowingvedeti my fatherOče, and how he kepthranijo sayinggovoriti that he was a pacifistpacifist and non-violentnenasilno,
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A oče je nenehno govoril, da je pristaš miru in proti nasilju,
03:18
I foundnajdemo it very hardtežko to pictureslika him with a helmetčelada and gunpištolo.
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zato sem si ga vseeno težko predstavljala s čelado in z orožjem.
03:21
And indeedprav zares, I was very fardaleč from the markoznačite.
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In res sem bila daleč od resnice.
03:23
One day, while my fatherOče was workingdelo on a filemapa
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Nekega dne, ko je oče pripravljal naše dokumente
03:27
for us to obtainpridobiti Frenchfrancoščina nationalitydržavljanstvo,
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za pridobitev francoskega državljanstva,
03:30
I happenedse je zgodilo to see some documentsdokumente
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sem videla dokumente,
03:32
that caughtujet my attentionpozornost.
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ki so pritegnili mojo pozornost.
03:34
These are realresnično!
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Ti so resnični!
03:36
These are minemoj, I was bornRojen an ArgentineanArgentinske.
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Ti so moji. Rojena sem v Argentini.
03:39
But the documentdokument I happenedse je zgodilo to see
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A dokument, ki sem ga videla
03:40
that would help us buildzgraditi a caseprimera for the authoritiesorgani oblasti
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in ki nam je pomagal pridobiti državljanstvo,
03:42
was a documentdokument from the armyvojska
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je izdala vojska
03:45
that thankedzahvalil my fatherOče for his work
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v zahvalo očetu za njegovo delo,
03:48
on behalfv imenu of the secretskrivnost servicesstoritev.
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ki ga je opravil za tajno službo.
03:50
And then, suddenlynenadoma, I wentšla "wowwow!"
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Takrat sem pomislila: "Vau!
03:53
My fatherOče, a secretskrivnost agentzastopnik?
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Moj oče - tajni agent?"
03:55
It was very JamesJames BondBond.
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Zvenelo je kot James Bond ...
03:57
I wanted to askvprašajte him questionsvprašanja, whichki he didn't answerodgovor.
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Postavila sem mu veliko vprašanj, na katera ni odgovoril.
04:02
And laterpozneje, I told myselfjaz that
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Kasneje sem si dejala,
04:05
one day I would have to questionvprašanje him.
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da ga bo nekega dne vseeno treba izprašati.
04:07
And then I becamepostati a mothermama and had a sonsin,
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Bila sem že mama majhnega fantka,
04:10
and finallykončno decidedodločil it was time -- that he absolutelyabsolutno had to talk to us.
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ko sem si dejala, da je skrajni čas, da oče spregovori.
04:13
I had becomepostane a mothermama
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Ravno sem postala mama -
04:15
and he was celebratingpraznovanje his 77thth birthdayrojstni dan,
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oče je praznoval svoj 77. rojstni dan -
04:17
and suddenlynenadoma I was very, very afraidstrah.
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in nenadoma me je postalo strah.
04:19
I fearedstrah he'dOn bi go
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Bilo me je strah, da bo odšel
04:21
and take his silencesmolk with him,
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in s seboj odnesel svoj molk,
04:23
and take his secretsskrivnosti with him.
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da bo odnesel svoje skrivnosti.
04:25
I managedupravlja to convinceprepričajte him that it was importantpomembno for us,
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Uspelo mi ga je prepričati, da je pomembno za nas
04:28
but possiblymorda alsotudi for other people
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in morda tudi za druge,
04:29
that he shareddeljeno his storyzgodba.
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da deli z nami svojo zgodbo.
04:31
He decidedodločil to tell it to me
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Odločil se je, da mi jo pove,
04:33
and I madeizdelane a bookknjigo,
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jaz pa sem napisala knjigo,
04:34
from whichki I'm going to readpreberite you some excerptsodlomkov laterpozneje.
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iz katere bom kasneje prebrala nekaj odlomkov.
04:37
So, his storyzgodba. My fatherOče was bornRojen in ArgentinaArgentina.
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Njegova zgodba, torej. Moj oče je rojen v Argentini.
04:40
His parentsstarši were of Russianruščina descentspust.
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Njegovi starši imajo ruske korenine.
04:42
The wholeceloto familydružina cameprišel to settleporavnavo in FranceFrancija in the '30s.
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Cela družina se je v 30. letih naselila v Franciji.
04:46
His parentsstarši were JewishJudovski, Russianruščina and abovenad all, very poorslabo.
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Njegovi starši so bili Judje, Rusi, predvsem pa zelo revni.
04:50
So at the agestarost of 14 my fatherOče had to work.
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Zato je moral oče že pri štirinajstih delati.
04:53
And with his only diplomadiploma,
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S svojo edino diplomo,
04:55
his primaryprimarno educationizobraževanje certificatecertifikat,
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z osnovnošolskim spričevalom,
04:56
he foundnajdemo himselfsam workingdelo at a dyerDyer - drysuha cleanerčistejše.
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je našel delo v izdelovalnici barvil.
04:58
That's where he discoveredodkriti something totallypopolnoma magicalčarobno,
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Tam je odkril nekaj zanj čarobnega -
05:02
and when he talkspogovori about it, it's fascinatingfascinantno --
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ko o tem govori, vas uroči -
05:03
it's the magicmagija of dyeingbarvanje chemistrykemija.
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odkril je čudež kemije barv.
05:06
DuringMed that time the warvojna was happeningdogaja
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Takrat je divjala vojna in
05:08
and his mothermama was killedubil when he was 15.
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njegova mama je bila ubita, ko mu je bilo 15 let.
05:11
This coincidedsovpada with the time when
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Ta dva dogodka sta sovpadla,
05:13
he threwvrgel himselfsam bodytelo and soulduša into chemistrykemija
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zato se je z dušo in telesom predal kemiji,
05:15
because it was the only consolationtolažba for his sadnessžalost.
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v kateri je našel edino uteho za žalost.
05:18
All day he would askvprašajte manyveliko questionsvprašanja to his bossšef
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Podnevi je postavljal šefu vprašanja,
05:22
to learnučiti se, to accumulatekopičijo more and more knowledgeznanje,
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ker se je želel učiti in si pridobiti več znanja,
05:24
and at night, when no one was looking,
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ponoči, ko ga nihče ni videl,
05:26
he'dOn bi put his experienceizkušnje to practicepraksa.
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je svoje izkušnje preveril v praksi,
05:28
He was mostlyvečinoma interestedzainteresirani in inkčrnilo bleachingbeljenje.
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predvsem ga je zanimalo razbarvanje črnil.
05:33
All this to tell you
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Z vsem tem vam želim povedati,
05:35
that if my fatherOče becamepostati a forgerponarejevalec, actuallydejansko,
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da je oče v resnici postal ponarejevalec
05:38
it was almostskoraj by accidentnesreča.
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čisto po naključju.
05:40
His familydružina was JewishJudovski, so they were houndedhounded.
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Bili so Judje in zato preganjani.
05:42
FinallyKončno they were all arrestedaretiran and takensprejeti to the DrancyDrancy campkamp
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Cela družina je bila aretirana in odpeljana v taborišče Drancy.
05:45
and they managedupravlja to get out at the last minuteminuto thankshvala to theirnjihovi ArgentineanArgentinske papersdokumenti.
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Uspelo se jim je rešiti, zahvaljujoč argentinskim dokumentom.
05:49
Well, they were out,
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Bili so zunaj,
05:50
but they were always in dangernevarnost. The bigvelik "JewŽid" stampžig was still on theirnjihovi papersdokumenti.
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a še vedno v nevarnosti zaradi pečata "Jud" v dokumentih.
05:53
It was my grandfatherdedek who decidedodločil they neededpotrebno falsenapačen documentsdokumente.
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Dedek se je odločil, da potrebujejo ponarejene dokumente.
05:56
My fatherOče had been instilledvzbudil with suchtako respectspoštovanje for the lawzakon
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Oče je zelo spoštoval zakone
05:59
that althoughčeprav he was beingbiti persecutedpreganjani,
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in čeprav je bil preganjan,
06:01
he'dOn bi never thought of falsenapačen papersdokumenti.
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ni nikoli pomislil na ponarejene dokumente.
06:03
But it was he who wentšla to meetsrečati a man from the ResistanceOdpornost.
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Sestal se je s predstavnikom Odpora.
06:06
In those timeskrat documentsdokumente had hardtežko coverspokriva,
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V tistem času so imeli dokumenti trde platnice,
06:09
they were fillednapolnjena in by handroka,
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podatki so bili vnešeni ročno,
06:10
and they statednavedeno your jobdelo.
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med drugim je bil vpisan tudi poklic.
06:13
In orderred to survivepreživeti, he neededpotrebno
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Da bi preživel, je moral delati.
06:16
to be workingdelo. He askedvprašal the man
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Prosil je tistega moškega,
06:18
to writepiši "dyerDyer."
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naj navede poklic "barvar".
06:19
SuddenlyNenadoma the man lookedpogledal very, very interestedzainteresirani.
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Nenadoma je moški zainteresirano vprašal:
06:22
As a "dyerDyer," do you know how to bleachbelilo inkčrnilo marksoznake?
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"Barvar? Znaš odstraniti sledi črnila?"
06:26
Of courseseveda he knewvedel.
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Seveda je znal.
06:28
And suddenlynenadoma the man startedzačel explainingrazlaga that
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Moški mu je takoj razložil,
06:30
actuallydejansko the wholeceloto ResistanceOdpornost had a hugeogromno problemproblem:
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da imajo v Odporu veliko težavo:
06:32
even the topna vrh expertsstrokovnjaki
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noben strokovnjak, tudi najbolj izkušen,
06:35
could not manageupravljati to bleachbelilo an inkčrnilo, calledpozval "indelibleneizbrisna,"
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ni znal izbrisati črnila Waterman modre barve,
06:39
the "WatermanWaterman" bluemodra inkčrnilo.
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t.i. neizbrisnega črnila.
06:41
And my fatherOče immediatelytakoj repliedodgovoril that he knewvedel exactlytočno
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Oče je odrezavo odvrnil, da natančno ve,
06:45
how to bleachbelilo it.
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kako ga izbrisati.
06:46
Now, of courseseveda, the man was very impressednavdušeni with this youngmladi man of 17
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Seveda je 17-letni fantič, ki je odrezavo navedel rešitev,
06:49
who could immediatelytakoj give him the formulaformula, so he recruitedzaposli him.
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naredil ogromen vtis na moškega in bil takoj rekrutiran.
06:53
And actuallydejansko, withoutbrez knowingvedeti it, my fatherOče had inventedizumil something
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Oče je nevede izumil nekaj,
06:56
we can find in everyvsak schoolchild'sosebe schoolchild pencilsvinčnik caseprimera:
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kar imajo danes vsi učenci v peresnicah -
06:59
the so-calledtako imenovani "correctionpopravek penpero."
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brisalec tinte.
07:02
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(Aplavz)
07:07
But it was only the beginningzačetek.
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A to je bil le začetek.
07:09
That's my fatherOče.
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To je moj oče.
07:10
As soonkmalu as he got to the lablaboratorij,
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Ko je prišel v delavnico,
07:12
even thoughčeprav he was the youngestnajmlajši,
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je kljub svoji mladosti
07:13
he immediatelytakoj saw that there was a problemproblem with the makingizdelavo of forgedponarejena documentsdokumente.
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takoj opazil, da je z izdelavo dokumentov nekaj narobe.
07:16
All the movementsgibanja stoppedustavil at falsifyingponarejanje.
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Vsi so se zadovoljili s ponarejanjem.
07:19
But demandpovpraševanje was ever-growingnaraščajoče
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A povpraševanje je rastlo,
07:22
and it was difficulttežko to tamperposeganje with existingobstoječe documentsdokumente.
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bilo je težko spreminjati obstoječe dokumente.
07:24
He told himselfsam it was necessarypotrebno to make them from scratchpraska.
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Odločil se je, da morajo izdelati nove.
07:26
He startedzačel a presspritisnite. He startedzačel photoengravingphotoengraving.
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Začel je tiskati, izdelal je grafične matrice.
07:29
He startedzačel makingizdelavo rubbergume stampsžigov.
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Začel je izdelovati štampiljke.
07:30
He startedzačel inventingizumljanja all kindvrste of things --
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Izumil je marsikaj,
07:32
with some materialsmaterialov he inventedizumil a centrifugecentrifugiranje usinguporabo a bicyclekolo wheelkolo.
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izumil je centrifugo, kot material pa je uporabil obroč kolesa.
07:35
AnywayKakorkoli že, he had to do all this
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Vse to je moral narediti,
07:37
because he was completelypopolnoma obsessedobseden with outputizhod.
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ker je bil obseden z rezultatom.
07:40
He had madeizdelane a simplepreprosto calculationizračun:
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Naredil je enostaven izračun:
07:42
In one houruro he could make 30 forgedponarejena documentsdokumente.
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v eni uri lahko ponaredi 30 dokumentov.
07:46
If he sleptspal one houruro, 30 people would dieumreti.
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Če bo spal eno uro, bo umrlo 30 ljudi.
07:50
This sensesmisel of
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Imel je občutek odgovornosti za življenja drugih,
07:53
responsibilityodgovornost for other people'sljudje livesživi when he was just 17 --
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čeprav mu je bilo komaj 17 let.
07:56
and alsotudi his guiltkrivde for beingbiti a survivordružinske,
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Počutil se je krivega, ker je preživel,
07:59
sinceod he had escapedpobegnil the campkamp when his friendsprijatelji had not --
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ker je ušel taborišču, medtem ko prijatelji niso;
08:03
stayedostala with him all his life.
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ta občutek ga je spremljal vse življenje.
08:05
And this is maybe what explainspojasnjuje why, for 30 yearslet,
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Zato je verjetno naslednjih 30 let
08:08
he continuednadaljevano to make falsenapačen papersdokumenti
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nadaljeval s ponarejanjem dokumentov,
08:11
at the expensestroške of all kindsvrste of sacrificesžrtve.
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ne glede na vse, kar je moral žrtvovati.
08:13
I'd like to talk about those sacrificesžrtve,
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Rada bi povedala, kaj vse je žrtvoval,
08:14
because there were manyveliko.
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kajti žrtvoval je veliko.
08:16
There were obviouslyočitno financialfinančno sacrificesžrtve
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Žrtvoval se je finančno,
08:18
because he always refusedzavrnil to be paidplačani.
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saj je vedno zavrnil plačilo.
08:20
To him, beingbiti paidplačani would have meantpomeni beingbiti a mercenaryplačanec.
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Če bi ga sprejel, bi bil po njegovem mnenju plačanec.
08:23
If he had acceptedsprejeta paymentplačilo,
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Če bi sprejel plačilo,
08:24
he wouldn'tne bi be ablesposoben to say "yes" or "no"
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ne bi mogel zavrniti zadeve,
08:26
dependingodvisno on what he deemedšteje a just or unjustneupravičeno causevzrok.
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če se mu ne bi zdela pravična.
08:28
So he was a photographerfotograf by day,
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30 let je bil
08:30
and a forgerponarejevalec by night for 30 yearslet.
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podnevi fotograf, ponoči ponarejevalec,
08:32
He was brokezlomil all of the time.
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ves čas pa brez prebite pare.
08:34
Then there were the emotionalčustveno sacrificesžrtve:
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Potem so tu še čustvene žrtve:
08:37
How can one livev živo with a womanženska while havingimeti so manyveliko secretsskrivnosti?
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kako živeti z žensko in imeti pred njo skrivnosti?
08:40
How can one explainpojasnite what one does at night in the lablaboratorij, everyvsak singlesamski night?
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Kako ji razložiti, kaj vse noči počne v delavnici?
08:44
Of courseseveda, there was anotherdrugo kindvrste of sacrificežrtev
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Žrtvoval je še nekaj: družino,
08:47
involvingvključujejo his familydružina that I understoodrazumel much laterpozneje.
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kar sem izvedela kasneje.
08:51
One day my fatherOče introducedpredstavljen me to my sistersestra.
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Nekega dne mi je oče predstavil sestro.
08:54
He alsotudi explainedpojasnil to me that I had a brotherbrat, too,
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Razložil mi je, da imam tudi brata.
08:58
and the first time I saw them I mustmoraš have been threetri or fourštiri,
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Prvič sem ju videla, ko mi je bilo 3, 4 leta,
09:04
and they were 30 yearslet olderstarejši than me.
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onadva pa sta bila 30 let starejša.
09:06
They are bothoboje in theirnjihovi sixtiesšestdesetih letih now.
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Danes sta oba šestdesetletnika.
09:11
In orderred to writepiši the bookknjigo,
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Za potrebe knjige sem sestri postavila nekaj vprašanj.
09:14
I askedvprašal my sistersestra questionsvprašanja. I wanted to know who my fatherOče was,
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Želela sem vedeti, kdo je bil moj oče,
09:17
who was the fatherOče she had knownznano.
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kdo je bil oče, ki ga je ona poznala.
09:19
She explainedpojasnil that the fatherOče that she'dona bi had
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Dejala mi je, da jima je oče govoril,
09:23
would tell them he'dOn bi come and pickpick them up on SundayNedelja to go for a walkhodi.
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da bo vsako nedeljo prišel in ju peljal na sprehod.
09:27
They would get all dressedoblečen up and wait for him,
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Lepo sta se oblekla in ga čakala,
09:30
but he would almostskoraj never come.
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a skoraj nikoli ni prišel.
09:32
He'dOn bi say, "I'll call." He wouldn'tne bi call.
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Dejal je, da bo poklical. Ni poklical.
09:35
And then he would not come.
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Ni prišel.
09:37
Then one day he totallypopolnoma disappearedizginil.
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Nekega dne pa je enostavno izginil.
09:40
Time passedminilo,
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Čas je mineval.
09:42
and they thought he had surelyzagotovo forgottenpozabljen them,
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V začetku sta si govorila,
09:45
at first.
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da ju je gotovo pozabil.
09:46
Then as time passedminilo,
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Čas je mineval še naprej.
09:48
at the endkonec of almostskoraj two yearslet, they thought,
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Dve leti kasneje sta si rekla:
09:50
"Well, perhapsmorda our fatherOče has diedumrl."
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"Oče je verjetno umrl."
09:53
And then I understoodrazumel
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Takrat sem dojela,
09:55
that askingsprašujem my fatherOče so manyveliko questionsvprašanja
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da sem s svojimi vprašanji obudila preteklost,
09:58
was stirringmed mešanjem up a wholeceloto pastpreteklost he probablyverjetno didn't feel like talkinggovoriti about
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o kateri oče morda ni želel govoriti,
10:01
because it was painfulboleče.
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1600
ker je preveč bolelo.
10:03
And while my halfpol brotherbrat and sistersestra thought they'doni bi been abandonedopuščeni,
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Medtem ko sta moja polsestra in polbrat mislila, da ju je zapustil,
10:07
orphanedsirota,
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1700
celo da sta siroti,
10:09
my fatherOče was makingizdelavo falsenapačen papersdokumenti.
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je oče ponarejal dokumente.
10:11
And if he did not tell them, it was of courseseveda to protectzaščititi them.
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Povedal pa jima ni, ker ju je želel obvarovati.
10:15
After the liberationosvoboditev he madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti
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Po osvoboditvi je izdeloval dokumente
10:17
to allowdovolite the survivorspreživeli of concentrationkoncentracija campstabori to immigratepriseliti to PalestinePalestine
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za preživele taboriščnike, ki so se želeli izseliti v Palestino,
10:20
before the creationustvarjanje of IsraelIzrael.
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1900
preden je bil ustanovljen Izrael.
10:22
And then, as he was a staunchVeren anti-colonialistanti-colonialist,
228
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Ker je bil zagrizen antikolonialist,
10:24
he madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti for AlgeriansAlžirski duringmed the AlgerianAlžirski warvojna.
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je ponarejal dokumente za Alžirce med alžirsko vojno.
10:27
After the AlgerianAlžirski warvojna,
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Po alžirski vojni
10:30
at the heartsrce of the internationalmednarodni resistanceodpornost movementsgibanja,
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je med mednarodnimi osvobodilnimi gibanji
10:33
his nameime circulatedkrožijo
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krožilo njegovo ime.
10:34
and the wholeceloto worldsvet cameprišel knockingudarec at his doorvrata.
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Vsi so prišli trkat na njegova vrata.
10:37
In AfricaAfrika there were countriesdržave fightingboj for theirnjihovi independenceneodvisnost:
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V Afriki se je veliko držav borilo za neodvisnost:
10:40
GuineaGvineja, Guinea-BissauGvineja Bissau, AngolaAngola.
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Gvineja, Gvineja Bissau, Angola.
10:43
And then my fatherOče connectedpovezan with NelsonNelson Mandela'sMandele anti-apartheidsmešen-apartheid partyzabava.
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Oče se je povezal s stranko Nelsona Mandele, ki se je borila proti apartheidu.
10:48
He madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti for persecutedpreganjani blackčrna SouthJužna AfricansAfričani.
237
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Ponarejal je dokumente za preganjane črnce Južne Afrike.
10:51
There was alsotudi LatinLatinski AmericaAmerika.
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Potem je bila tu Latinska Amerika.
10:53
My fatherOče helpedpomagal those who resistedupiral dictatorshipsdiktature
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Oče je pomagal upornikom, ki so se borili proti diktaturam
10:56
in the DominicanDominikanska RepublicRepublike, HaitiHaiti,
240
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1900
v Dominikanski Republiki, na Haitiju,
10:58
and then it was the turnobrat of BrazilBrazilija, ArgentinaArgentina, VenezuelaVenezuela, ElEl SalvadorSalvador, NicaraguaNikaragva,
241
642100
6100
v Braziliji, Argentini, Venezueli, Salvadorju, Nikaragvi,
11:04
ColombiaKolumbija, PeruPeru, UruguayUrugvaj, ChileČile and MexicoMehika.
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Kolumbiji, Peruju, Urugvaju, Čilu in Mehiki.
11:09
Then there was the VietnamVietnam WarVojne.
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Potem je bila vojna v Vietnamu.
11:11
My fatherOče madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti for the AmericanAmeriški desertersdezerterje
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Oče je ponarejal dokumente za ameriške dezerterje,
11:13
who did not wishželim to take up armsroke againstproti the Vietnamesevietnamščina.
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ki niso želeli dvigniti orožja proti Vietnamcem.
11:16
EuropeEvropi was not sparedprihranil eitherbodisi.
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Tudi Evropi ni bilo prizanešeno.
11:18
My fatherOče madeizdelane falsenapačen papersdokumenti for the dissidentsdisidentov
247
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2141
Ponarejal je dokumente za upornike,
11:21
againstproti FrancoFranco in SpainŠpanija, SalazarSalazar in PortugalPortugalska,
248
665142
3758
ki so se borili proti Francu v Španiji, proti Salazarju na Portugalskem
11:24
againstproti the colonels'polkovnikov dictatorshipdiktatura in GreeceGrčija,
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in proti vojaški diktaturi v Grčiji.
11:29
and even in FranceFrancija.
250
673893
1707
V Franciji
11:31
There, just onceenkrat, it happenedse je zgodilo in MayMaja of 1968.
251
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je ponaredil dokumente samo enkrat, maja 1968.
11:34
My fatherOče watchedgledal, benevolentlyBenevolentno, of courseseveda,
252
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Oče je z naklonjenostjo spremljal
11:37
the demonstrationsdemonstracije of the monthmesec of MayMaja,
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majske demonstracije,
11:40
but his heartsrce was elsewheredrugje, and so was his time
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a njegovo srce in čas sta bila drugje,
11:42
because he had over 15 countriesdržave to serveslužijo.
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kajti delal je za 15 držav.
11:45
OnceEnkrat, thoughčeprav, he agreeddogovorili to make falsenapačen papersdokumenti
256
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2368
Vendarle je privolil, da bo ponaredil dokumente
11:48
for someonenekdo you mightmorda recognizeprepoznati.
257
692369
1943
za nekoga, ki ga boste morda prepoznali.
11:50
(LaughterSmeh)
258
694313
2916
(Smeh)
11:53
He was much youngermlajši in those daysdnevi,
259
697230
1620
Takrat je bil veliko mlajši.
11:54
and my fatherOče agreeddogovorili to make falsenapačen papersdokumenti
260
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2150
Oče je privolil, da mu ponaredi dokumente,
11:56
to enableomogoči him to come back and speakgovoriti at a meetingsrečanje.
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s katerimi bi lahko prišel govorit na miting.
11:59
He told me that those falsenapačen papersdokumenti were the mostnajbolj media-relevantmediji-ustrezne
262
704037
4963
Povedal mi je, da so bili ti dokumenti medijsko najbolj odmevni
12:04
and the leastvsaj usefulkoristno he'dOn bi had to make in all his life.
263
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3500
in najmanj koristni, kar jih je naredil v življenju.
12:08
But, he agreeddogovorili to do it,
264
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1500
Ni privolil zato,
12:09
even thoughčeprav DanielDaniel Cohn-Bendit'sCohn-Bendit life was not in dangernevarnost,
265
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3400
ker bi bilo življenje Daniela Cohna-Bendita v nevarnosti,
12:13
just because
266
717400
2194
temveč zato,
12:15
it was a good opportunitypriložnost
267
719595
1405
ker je bila to lepa priložnost,
12:16
to mocklažni the authoritiesorgani oblasti,
268
721000
2484
da se ponorčuje iz oblasti.
12:19
and to showshow them that there's nothing more porousporozen than bordersmeje --
269
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3015
Hotel jim je pokazati, da ni nič bolj prepustno kot meje,
12:22
and that ideasideje have no bordersmeje.
270
726500
4500
in da jih ideje nimajo.
12:26
All my childhoodotroštvo,
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V otroštvu so očetje mojim prijateljicam
12:28
while my friends'prijateljev dadsočete would tell them Grimm'sGRIMM's fairyvila taleszgodbe,
272
733000
4097
pripovedovali Grimmove pravljice,
12:32
my fatherOče would tell me storieszgodbe about very unassumingskromen heroesjunaki
273
737098
3889
moj pa meni zgodbe o skrivnostnih junakih,
12:36
with unshakeableneomajno utopiasutopije
274
740988
2916
ki so neomajno verjeli v utopije
12:39
who managedupravlja to make miraclesčudeže.
275
743905
2916
in vse čudežno razrešili.
12:42
And those heroesjunaki did not need an armyvojska behindzadaj them.
276
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3978
Ti junaki niso potrebovali armade,
12:46
AnyhowTako ali tako, nobodynihče would have followedsledi them,
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2500
nihče jim ni sledil,
12:49
exceptrazen for a handfulpeščica [of] menmoški and womenženske of convictionobsodbe and couragepogum.
278
753300
3245
razen peščice prepričanih in pogumnih mož in žena.
12:52
I understoodrazumel much laterpozneje
279
756546
1254
Kasneje sem spoznala,
12:53
that actuallydejansko it was his ownlastno storyzgodba my fatherOče would tell me to get me to sleepspanje.
280
757800
3607
da mi je pred spanjem pripovedoval svojo zgodbo.
12:57
I askedvprašal him whetherali, consideringglede na to the sacrificesžrtve he had to make,
281
761408
2916
Vprašala sem ga, ali zaradi vsega, kar je žrtvoval,
13:00
he ever had any regretsobžaluje.
282
764325
1944
kdaj obžaluje svojo odločitev.
13:02
He said no.
283
766270
1730
Rekel je, da ne.
13:03
He told me that he would have been unablene morem
284
768000
2159
Da ne bi mogel le gledati
13:06
to witnesspriča or submitpredloži to injusticenepravičnost withoutbrez doing anything.
285
770160
2916
in trpeti nepravičnosti, ne da bi kaj storil.
13:08
He was persuadedprepričana, and he's still convincedprepričan
286
773077
3023
Bil je prepričan - in še vedno je -
13:12
that anotherdrugo worldsvet is possiblemogoče --
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da je možen drugačen svet,
13:14
a worldsvet where no one would ever need a forgerponarejevalec.
288
778300
3000
svet, v katerem nihče ne bo potreboval ponarejevalca.
13:17
He's still dreamingsanje about it.
289
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2000
Še vedno sanja o njem.
13:19
My fatherOče
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1444
Moj oče
13:20
is here in the roomsoba todaydanes.
291
784745
1755
je danes z nami.
13:22
His nameime is AdolfoAdolfo KaminskyKaminsky and I'm going to askvprašajte him to standstojalo up.
292
786500
4079
Ime mu je Adolfo Kaminsky. Prosim ga, naj vstane.
13:26
(ApplauseAplavz)
293
790580
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(Aplavz)
13:46
Thank you.
294
811000
3000
Hvala.
Translated by Snežana Stone
Reviewed by Tilen Pigac - EFZG

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Kaminsky - Actor and writer
Sarah Kaminsky writes about her father, Adolfo Kaminsky, a forger with a mission.

Why you should listen

Born in 1979 in Algeria, of an Argentinean father with Russian origins, and a Tuareg Algerian mother, Sarah Kaminsky arrived in France when she was 3 years old. Passionate about art since her childhood, she started learning the cello at age 4. As a teenager, she discovered two passions, which are still vibrant in her life: theater and writing. Since then, she's shared her time between her acting career and writing screenplays, plays or books.

In 2009, Sarah wrote a book worthy of the best spy novels, based on the true story of her father, Adolfo Kaminsky, genius-forger who committed his know-how and convictions to serve the French Resistance during World War II, saving thousands of Jewish families, and many others over the course of 30 years for various causes around the world.

More profile about the speaker
Sarah Kaminsky | Speaker | TED.com