TEDxBoulder 2011
Phil Plait: How to defend Earth from asteroids
Phil Plait: Kako ubraniti Zemljo pred asteroidi
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Kaj je široko devet kilometrov in lahko v trenutku uniči civilizacijo? Asteroid - in tam zunaj jih je mnogo. Podprt s humorjem in odličnimi vizualnimi orodji, Phil Plait navduši občinstvo TEDx v Boulderju s svojo pripovedjo o tem, kako asteroidi lahko ubijajo in kaj moramo storiti, da bi se jim izognili.
Phil Plait - Astronomer
Phil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe. Full bio
Phil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I want to talk to you about something
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Rad bi vam pripovedoval o nečem
00:18
kind of big.
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dokaj velikem.
00:21
We'll start here.
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Začnimo tukaj.
00:24
65 million years ago
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Pred 65 milijoni let
00:27
the dinosaurs had a bad day.
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so dinozavri imeli slab dan.
00:30
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
00:33
A chunk of rock six miles across,
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Kamen s premerom devet kilometrov,
00:36
moving something like 50 times
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ki je letel kakih petdesetkrat hitreje
00:38
the speed of a rifle bullet,
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kot izstrelek iz puške,
00:40
slammed into the Earth.
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je treščil na Zemljo.
00:42
It released its energy all at once,
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Ob tem se je sprostila vsa njegova energija naenkrat
00:44
and it was an explosion that was
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in ta eksplozija je bila
00:46
mind-numbing.
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nepredstavljiva.
00:48
If you took every nuclear weapon ever built
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Če bi združili vse jedrsko orožje, ki je obstajalo
00:50
at the height of the Cold War,
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na vrhuncu hladne vojne,
00:52
lumped them together and blew them up
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ga sestavili skupaj in
00:54
at the same time,
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naenkrat razstrelili,
00:56
that would be one one-millionth
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bi to predstavljalo le milijonti del
00:58
of the energy released at that moment.
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energije, ki se je sprostila v tistem trenutku.
01:02
The dinosaurs had a really bad day.
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Ja, dinozavri so imeli res slab dan.
01:05
Okay?
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V redu?
01:07
Now, a six-mile-wide rock is very large.
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No, devetkilometrska skala je zelo velika.
01:09
We all live here in Boulder.
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Mi vsi živimo tule v Boulderju.
01:11
If you look out your window and you can see
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Če pogledate skozi okno in vidite
01:13
Long's Peak, you're probably familiar with it.
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Long's Peak, verjetno ga poznate.
01:15
Now, scoop up Long's Peak, and put it out
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Zdaj pa vzemite Long's Peak in ga postavite
01:17
in space.
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v vesolje.
01:19
Take Meeker, Mt. Meeker. Lump that in there,
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Dodajte Meeker, goro Meeker
01:21
and put that in space as well,
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in vse to postavite v vesolje.
01:23
and Mt. Everest, and K2,
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Pa še Mount Everest, K2
01:25
and the Indian peaks.
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in indijske vrhove.
01:27
Then you're starting to get an idea of
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Potem morda dobite vizijo o tem,
01:29
how much rock we're talking about, okay?
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za kako veliko skalo gre, prav?
01:31
We know it was that big because of
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Vemo, da je bila tako velika zaradi
01:33
the impact it had and the crater it left.
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vpliva, ki ga je imela, in kraterja, ki ga je napravila.
01:35
It hit in what we now know as Yucatan,
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Zadela je območje, ki ga danes poznamo kot Jukatan
01:37
the Gulf of Mexico.
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v mehiškem zalivu.
01:39
You can see here, there's the
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Vidite, tule je
01:41
Yucatan Peninsula, if you recognize Cozumel
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polotok Jukatan, če prepoznate Cozumel
01:43
off the east coast there.
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na vzhodni obali.
01:45
Here is how big of a crater was left.
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Krater, ki je ostal, je tako velik.
01:48
It was huge. To give you a sense of the scale,
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Bil je ogromen. Da vam dam občutek za velikost,
01:50
okay, there you go. The scale here is
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vidite. Gre za
01:52
50 miles on top, a hundred kilometers
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80 km na vrhu, sto km
01:54
on the bottom. This thing was
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na dnu. Ta stvar je imela premer
01:56
300 kilometers across -- 200 miles --
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300 km ali 200 milj,
01:58
an enormous crater that excavated out
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šlo je za neznanski krater, ki je izkopal
02:00
vast amounts of earth that splashed around
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ogromne količine zemlje, ki so se razpršile
02:03
the globe and set fires all over the planet,
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po vsem planetu in povsod zanetile požare,
02:06
threw up enough dust to block out the sun.
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dvignilo pa se je toliko prahu, da je zatemnil sonce.
02:09
It wiped out 75 percent of all species
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Dogodek je izbrisal 75 odstotkov vseh živih bitij
02:11
on Earth.
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na Zemlji.
02:13
Now, not all asteroids are that big.
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No, niso vsi asteroidi tako veliki.
02:16
Some of them are smaller.
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Nekateri so manjši.
02:18
Here is one that came in
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Tale je priletel
02:21
over the United States
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nad Združenimi državami Amerike
02:23
in October of 1992.
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oktobra 1992.
02:25
It came in on a Friday night.
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Bilo je v petek zvečer.
02:27
Why is that important?
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Zakaj je to pomembno?
02:29
Because back then, video cameras were
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Ker so bile v tistem času videokamere
02:31
just starting to become popular, and people
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šele na začetku popularnosti in so jih ljudje
02:33
would bring them, parents would bring them,
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jemali s sabo, starši so jih jemali s sabo
02:35
to their kids' football games to film their kids
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na nogometne tekme svojih otrok, da bi jih snemali
02:37
play football. And since this came in on a Friday,
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pri igri. In ker se je to zgodilo v petek,
02:40
they were able to get this great footage
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so lahko posneli,
02:42
of this thing breaking up as it came in
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kako je ta stvar razpadala, ko je letela
02:44
over West Virgina, Maryland, Pennsylvania
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preko Zahodne Virginije, Marylanda, Pensilvanije
02:46
and New Jersey until it did that
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in New Jerseyja, dokler ni napravila
02:48
to a car in New York.
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tega nekemu avtomobilu v New Yorku.
02:50
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
02:52
Now, this is not a 200-mile-wide crater,
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No, to ni tristokilometrski krater,
02:55
but then again you can see the rock
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ampak obenem lahko vidite skalo,
02:57
which is sitting right here,
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tamle leži,
02:59
about the size of a football, that hit
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v velikosti nogometne žoge, ki je zadela
03:01
that car and did that damage.
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avto in napravila tako škodo.
03:03
Now this thing was probably about the size
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Ta stvar je bila, ko je priletela v atmosfero,
03:05
of a school bus when it first came in.
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najbrž velika približno toliko kot avtobus.
03:07
It broke up through atmospheric pressure,
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Pod atmosferskim pritiskom se je razdrobila,
03:09
it crumbled, and then the pieces fell apart
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razpadla in koščki so se razleteli
03:11
and did some damage.
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ter napravili nekaj škode.
03:13
Now, you wouldn't want that falling on your foot
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Seveda nočete, da bi vam kaj takega padlo na nogo
03:15
or your head, because it would do that to it.
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ali na glavo, saj bi vam naredilo tole.
03:17
That would be bad.
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To bi bilo slabo.
03:19
But it won't wipe out, you know, all life
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Ampak hkrati ne bi uničilo vsega življenja
03:21
on Earth, so that's fine. But it turns out,
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na Zemlji, zato je v redu. Izkaže pa se,
03:23
you don't need something six miles across
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da ni treba, da je stvar široka devet kilometrov,
03:26
to do a lot of damage.
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da bi naredila ogromno škodo.
03:28
There is a median point between tiny rock
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Obstaja vmesna velikost med majhnim kamnom
03:30
and gigantic rock, and in fact, if any of you
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in ogromnim kamnom; pravzaprav, če ste
03:32
have ever been to near Winslow, Arizona,
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bili kdaj blizu Winslowa v Arizoni,
03:35
there is a crater in the desert there that is
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tam v puščavi leži krater, ki je
03:38
so iconic that it is actually called Meteor Crater.
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taka ikona, da ga kličejo meteorski krater.
03:42
To give you a sense of scale, this is about a mile wide.
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Da bi dobili občutek za mero: tole je široko okoli kilometer in pol.
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If you look up at the top, that's a parking lot,
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Na vrhu lahko vidite parkirišče
03:48
and those are recreational vehicles right there.
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in tisto tam so počitniška vozila.
03:51
So it's about a mile across, 600 feet deep.
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Torej, približno poldrugi kilometer širine, približno 180 metrov globine.
03:54
The object that formed this was probably about
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Predmet, ki je naredil tak odtis, je bil verjetno
03:57
30 to 50 yards across, so roughly the size
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širok od 25 do 45 metrov, torej približno toliko
04:00
of Mackey Auditorium here.
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kot Mackey Auditorium tule.
04:03
It came in at speeds that were tremendous,
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Priletel je z neverjetno hitrostjo,
04:06
slammed into the ground, blew up,
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zadel ob površje, se razletel
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and exploded with the energy of roughly
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in eksplodiral približno z energijo
04:10
a 20-megaton nuclear bomb --
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dvajset-megatonske jedrske bombe...
04:12
a very hefty bomb.
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zelo izjemne bombe.
04:14
This was 50,000 years ago, so it may have
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To je bilo pred petdeset tisoč leti, tako da je mogoče
04:16
wiped out a few buffalo or antelope,
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ubilo kakega bizona ali antilopo
04:18
or something like that out in the desert,
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ali kaj podobnega živečega v puščavi,
04:21
but it probably would not have caused
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a verjetno ne bi povzročilo
04:23
global devastation.
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globalnega uničenja.
04:25
It turns out that these things don't have to
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Izkaže se, da tem stvarem ni treba
04:27
hit the ground to do a lot of damage.
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zadeti ob površje, da bi napravile veliko škodo.
04:30
Now, in 1908, over Siberia, near the
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Poglejmo v leto 1908 v Sibirijo,
04:32
Tunguska region -- for those of you who are
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blizu regije Tunguska... tisti, ki ste oboževalci
04:34
Dan Aykroyd fans and saw "Ghostbusters,"
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Dana Aykroyda in ste videli film "Ghostbusters",
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when he talked about the greatest cross-dimensional rift
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kjer govori o največjem dimenzionalnem prelomu
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since the Siberia blast of 1909, where he got
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od eksplozije v Sibiriji leta 1909: tam se je zmotil
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the date wrong, but that's okay. (Laughter)
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v datumu, ampak ni problema. (smeh)
04:44
It was 1908. That's fine. I can live with that.
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Bilo je leta 1908. To je v redu. Lahko živim s tem.
04:47
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
04:50
Another rock came into the Earth's atmosphere
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Še ena skala je priletela v Zemljino atmosfero,
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and this one blew up above the ground, several
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a ta se je razletela nad površjem, več kilometrov
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miles up above the surface of the Earth.
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nad površjem Zemlje.
04:58
The heat from the explosion set fire to the
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Vročina, ki je pri tem nastala, je zažgala
05:01
forest below it, and then the shock wave
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gozd spodaj in temu je sledil val,
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came down and knocked down trees for
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ki je dosegel Zemljo in podrl drevesa
05:06
hundreds of square miles, okay?
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v območju več sto kvadratnih kilometrov, v redu?
05:09
This did a huge amount of damage.
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To je naredilo ogromno škode.
05:11
And again, this was a rock probably roughly
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In spet, ta skala je bila verjetno približno
05:13
the size of this auditorium that we're sitting in.
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take velikosti kot avditorij, kjer sedimo.
05:15
In Meteor Crater it was made of metal,
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Tista v meteorskem kraterju je bila sestavljena iz kovin
05:17
and metal is much tougher, so it made it
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in kovine so veliko trdnejše, zato je
05:19
to the ground.
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dosegla tla.
05:21
The one over Tunguska was probably made
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Tista nad Tungusko je bila verjetno
05:23
of rock, and that's much more crumbly, so it
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iz kamnin, ki so bolj drobljive, zato
05:25
blew up in the air. Either way, these are
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jo je razneslo v zraku. Kakorkoli že, šlo je za
05:27
tremendous explosions, 20 megatons.
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ogromne eksplozije, dvajset megaton.
05:30
Now, when these things blow up, they're not
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Ko take stvari eksplodirajo, ne bodo
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going to do global ecological damage.
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naredile globalne ekološke škode.
05:35
They're not going to do something like
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Ne bodo povzročile nečesa takega kot
05:37
the dinosaur-killer did.
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je storil morilec dinozavrov.
05:39
They're just not big enough.
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Enostavno niso dovolj velike.
05:41
But they will do global economic damage,
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A povzročile bodo globalno ekonomsko škodo,
05:43
because they don't have to hit, necessarily,
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saj jim za kaj takega
05:45
to do this kind of damage.
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sploh ni treba zadeti Zemlje.
05:47
They don't have to do global devastation.
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Ni treba, da so uničujoče na globalni ravni.
05:49
If one of these things were to hit
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Če bi ena od njih zadela
05:51
pretty much anywhere, it would cause a panic.
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katerikoli del Zemlje, bi povzročila paniko.
05:53
But if it came over a city, an important city --
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A če bi zadela mesto, pomembno mesto...
05:55
not that any city is more important than others,
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in ne pravim, da so nekatera mesta pomembnejša od drugih,
05:57
but some of them we depend on them more
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a od nekaterih smo bolj odvisni,
05:59
on the global economic basis -- that could do
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ekonomsko odvisni... bi to lahko
06:02
a huge amount of damage to us
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povzročilo veliko škodo
06:05
as a civilization.
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civilizaciji.
06:07
So, now that I've scared the crap out of you ...
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No, zdaj ko sem vas do kraja prestrašil...
06:10
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
06:12
what can we do about this? All right?
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kaj lahko storimo? V redu?
06:14
This is a potential threat.
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To je potencialna grožnja.
06:16
Let me note that we have not had
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Naj omenim, da tako velikega udarca,
06:18
a giant impact like the dinosaur-killer
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kot je bil morilec dinozavrov, nismo imeli
06:20
for 65 million years. They're very rare.
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že 65 milijonov let. Zelo redki so.
06:23
The smaller ones happen more often, but
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Manjši se zgodijo pogosteje, vendar
06:26
probably on the order of a millennium,
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ne več kot na tisočletje,
06:28
every few centuries or every few thousand
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vsakih nekaj stoletij ali vsakih nekaj tisoč let,
06:30
years, but it's still something to be aware of.
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a vseeno se tega moramo zavedati.
06:33
Well, what do we do about them?
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In kaj lahko naredimo?
06:35
The first thing we have to do is find them.
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Najprej jih moramo najti.
06:37
This is an image of an asteroid that passed
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Tole je podoba asteroida, ki je letel mimo nas
06:39
us in 2009.
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leta 2009.
06:41
It's right here.
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Tule je.
06:43
But you can see that it's extremely faint.
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Lahko vidite, da je zelo medel.
06:45
I don't even know if you can see that
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Ne vem, če ga sploh lahko vidite,
06:47
in the back row. These are just stars.
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če ste v zadnji vrsti. To so samo zvezde.
06:49
This is a rock that was about 30 yards across,
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Tale skala je bila široka slabih trideset metrov,
06:51
so roughly the size of the ones that blew up
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torej približno toliko kot tisti
06:53
over Tunguska and hit Arizona 50,000 years ago.
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nad Tungusko in Arizono pred 50.000 leti.
06:56
These things are faint.
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Te stvari so medle.
06:58
They're hard to see, and the sky is really big.
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Težko jih je videti in nebo je res veliko.
07:00
We have to find these things first.
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Najprej jih moramo najti.
07:02
Well the good news is, we're looking for them.
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Dobra vest je, da jih iščemo.
07:04
NASA has devoted money to this.
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NASA namenja sredstva za to.
07:06
The National Science Foundation, other
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Nacionalna znanstvena fundacija pa tudi druge
07:08
countries are very interested in doing this.
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države se zelo zanimajo za to.
07:10
We're building telescopes that are looking
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Gradimo teleskope, ki iščejo
07:12
for the threat. That's a great first step,
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grožnjo. To je pomemben prvi korak,
07:14
but what's the second step? The second step
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a kateri je naslednji? Drugi korak je,
07:16
is that we see one heading toward us,
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da če vidimo kakšnega, ki se nam bliža,
07:18
we have to stop it. What do we do?
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ga moramo ustaviti. Kaj storiti?
07:20
You've probably heard about the asteroid
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Verjetno ste slišali za asteroid
07:22
Apophis. If you haven't yet, you will.
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Apophis. Če niste, pa še boste.
07:25
If you've heard about the Mayan 2012
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Če ste slišali za majevsko napoved
07:27
apocalypse, you're going to hear about Apophis,
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apokalipse leta 2012, boste spoznali tudi Apophis,
07:29
because you're keyed in to all the doomsday
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saj kaže, da ste seznanjeni z vsemi omrežji,
07:31
networks anyway.
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povezanimi s koncem sveta.
07:34
Apophis is an asteroid that was discovered in 2004.
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Apophis je asteroid, ki so ga odkrili leta 2004.
07:37
It's roughly 250 yards across, so it's
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Ima okoli 230 metrov premera, torej
07:40
pretty big -- big size, you know,
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je precej velik - velik je, veste,
07:42
bigger than a football stadium -- and it's going to
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večji od nogometnega stadiona - in mimo Zemlje
07:44
pass by the Earth in April of 2029.
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bo potoval aprila 2029.
07:47
And it's going to pass us so close that it's
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Prišel bo tako blizu, da bo
07:49
actually going to come underneath
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pravzaprav letel pod
07:51
our weather satellites.
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našimi vremenskimi sateliti.
07:53
The Earth's gravity is going to bend the orbit
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Zemljina gravitacija bo ukrivila orbito
07:55
of this thing so much that if it's just right,
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te zadeve do te mere, da če bo vse po sreči,
07:58
if it passes through this region of space,
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če bo letel skozi to območje v vesolju,
08:01
this kidney bean-shaped region called
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skozi tole regijo v obliki ledvice, ki ji pravimo
08:03
the keyhole, the Earth's gravity will bend it
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ključavnica, bo Zemljina gravitacija ukrivila orbito
08:05
just enough that seven years later
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ravno toliko, da bo sedem let kasneje,
08:07
on April 13, which is a Friday, I'll note,
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13. aprila, ki je, naj povem, petek,
08:09
in the year 2036 ... (Laughter)
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leta 2036 ... (smeh)
08:12
-- you can't plan that kind of stuff --
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... takih stvari ne morete načrtovati...
08:15
Apophis is going to hit us. And it's
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takrat nas bo Apophis zadel. In ker meri
08:17
250 meters across, so it would do
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250 metrov, bo naredil
08:19
unbelievable damage.
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neverjetno škodo.
08:21
Now the good news is that the odds of it
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Dobra novica je, da je verjetnost, da bi
08:23
actually passing through this keyhole and
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dejansko potoval skozi to ključavnico in nas zadel
08:25
hitting us next go-around are one in a million,
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ob naslednjem prihodu, ena proti milijon,
08:27
roughly -- very, very low odds, so I personally
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približno toliko ... to je zelo zelo majhna verjetnost, zato jaz
08:29
am not lying awake at night worrying about this at all.
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zaradi tega ne izgubljam spanca od skrbi.
08:31
I don't think Apophis is a problem.
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Mislim, da Apophis ni problem.
08:33
In fact, Apophis is a blessing in disguise,
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Pravzaprav je Apophis sreča v nesreči,
08:35
because it woke us up to the dangers
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saj nas opozarja na nevarnost
08:37
of these things.
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takih stvari.
08:39
This thing was discovered just a few years
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Tole so odkrili pred nekaj leti
08:41
ago and could hit us a few years from now.
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in lahko bi nas zadelo čez nekaj let.
08:43
It won't, but it gives us a chance to study
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Ne bo nas, a omogoča nam, da preučujemo
08:45
these kinds of asteroids. We didn't really
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tovrstne asteroide. Prej nismo zares
08:47
necessarily understand these keyholes, and
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razumeli teh ključavnic, zdaj pa jih
08:49
now we do and it turns out
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in izkaže se,
08:51
that's really important, because how do you
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da je to zelo pomembno, kajti kako
08:53
stop an asteroid like this?
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ustaviti takšen asteroid?
08:55
Well, let me ask you, what happens if you're
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Naj vas vprašam, kaj se zgodi,
08:57
standing in the middle of the road and a car's
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če stojite sredi ceste in se vam približuje avto?
08:59
headed for you? What do you do? You do this.
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Kaj storite? Tole.
09:01
Right? Move. The car goes past you.
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Je res? Premaknete se. Avto pelje mimo.
09:03
But we can't move the Earth, at least
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A Zemlje ne moremo premakniti, vsaj
09:05
not easily, but we can move a small asteroid.
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ne zelo lahko, lahko pa premaknemo majhen asteroid.
09:07
And it turns out, we've even done it.
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In kot se izkaže, smo to celo storili.
09:09
In the year 2005, NASA launched a probe
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Leta 2005 je NASA lansirala sondo
09:12
called Deep Impact, which slammed into --
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z imenom Deep Impact, ki je treščila v...
09:15
slammed a piece of itself into the nucleus of a comet.
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treščila v jedro kometa.
09:18
Comets are very much like asteroids.
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Kometi so zelo podobni asteroidom.
09:20
The purpose wasn't to push it out of the way.
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Namen pa ni bil iztiriti komet.
09:22
The purpose was to make a crater to excavate
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Namen je bil napraviti krater in izkopati
09:24
the material and see what was underneath
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material, da bi videli, kaj je pod
09:26
the surface of this comet, which we learned
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površino kometa, o čemer smo dobili
09:28
quite a bit about.
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kar nekaj informacij.
09:30
We did move the comet a little tiny bit,
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Komet smo rahlo premaknili,
09:32
not very much, but that wasn't the point.
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ne zelo, a to niti ni bil namen.
09:34
However, think about this.
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Ampak premislite.
09:36
This thing is orbiting the sun at
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Tale stvar kroži okoli sonca s hitrostjo
09:38
10 miles per second, 20 miles per second.
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15 km ali 30 km na sekundo.
09:40
We shot a space probe at it and hit it. Okay?
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Vanjo izstrelimo sondo in jo zadenemo. Prav?
09:42
Imagine how hard that must be, and we did it.
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Predstavljajte si, kako težko mora to biti, a uspelo je.
09:45
That means we can do it again.
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To pomeni, da nam lahko spet uspe.
09:48
If we need, if we see an asteroid that's coming
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Če bi bilo treba, če bi videli, da se nam bliža asteroid,
09:50
toward us, and it's headed right for us,
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da gre naravnost proti nam
09:52
and we have two years to go, boom! We hit it.
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in da imamo dve leti časa, bum! Zadeli bi ga.
09:55
You can try to -- you know, if you watch
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Lahko poskusite... saj veste, če gledate filme,
09:57
the movies, you might think about,
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bi lahko prišli na idejo,
09:59
why don't we use a nuclear weapon?
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čemu ne uporabiti jedrskega orožja?
10:01
It's like, well, you can try that, but the problem is timing.
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No, lahko poskusite, ampak problem je v časovni usklajenosti.
10:03
You shoot a nuclear weapon at this thing,
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Če v to stvar izstrelite jedrsko orožje,
10:05
you have to blow it up within a few milliseconds
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jo morate razstreliti v nekaj milisekundah,
10:07
of tolerance or else you'll just miss it.
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sicer jo boste zgrešili.
10:09
And there are a lot of other problems
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Obstaja pa še kup drugih težav s tem.
10:11
with that. It's very hard to do.
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To bi bilo zelo težko izvesti.
10:13
But just hitting something? That's pretty easy.
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A samo zadeti nekaj? To je dokaj enostavno.
10:15
I think even NASA can do that,
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Mislim, da celo NASA to zmore,
10:17
and they proved that they can. (Laughter)
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in dokazali so, da lahko. (smeh)
10:19
The problem is, what happens if you hit
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Problem je v tem, kaj se zgodi, če zadenemo
10:21
this asteroid, you've changed the orbit,
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asteroid, mu spremenimo orbito,
10:23
you measure the orbit and then you find out,
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jo izmerimo in ugotovimo,
10:25
oh, yeah, we just pushed it into a keyhole,
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da smo ga tako potisnili v ključavnico
10:27
and now it's going to hit us in three years.
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in da nas bo zadel čez tri leta.
10:29
Well, my opinion is, fine. Okay?
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No, po moje je to v redu. Okej?
10:31
It's not hitting us in six months. That's good.
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Ne bo nas zadel čez šest mesecev. To je dobro.
10:33
Now we have three years to do something else.
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Zdaj imamo tri leta časa, da naredimo nekaj drugega.
10:36
And you can hit it again. That's kind of
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Lahko ga spet zadenemo. To je malo
10:38
ham-fisted. You might just push it into a third
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nerodno. S tem bi ga lahko potisnili v tretjo
10:40
keyhole or whatever, so you don't do that.
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ključavnico ali kaj takega, torej ne delajte tega.
10:42
And this is the part, it's the part I just love.
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Tole pa je del, ki ga naravnost ljubim.
10:46
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
10:48
After the big macho "Rrrrrrr BAM! We're
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Po velikem mačističnem "Rrrrr BAM! Tole stvar
10:50
gonna hit this thing in the face,"
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bomo treščili v obraz,"
10:52
then we bring in the velvet gloves.
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si nataknemo žametne rokavice.
10:55
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
10:58
There's a group of scientists and engineers
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Obstaja skupina znanstvenikov in inženirjev
11:00
and astronauts and they call themselves
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in astronavtov in imenujejo se
11:02
The B612 Foundation. For those of you
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Fundacija B612. Za tiste med vami,
11:04
who've read "The Little Prince,"
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ki ste prebrali Malega princa,
11:06
you understand that reference, I hope. The little prince
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je referenca razumljiva, vsaj upam. Mali princ
11:08
who lived on an asteroid, it was called B612.
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je živel na asteroidu, ki se je imenoval B612.
11:10
These are smart guys -- men and women --
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To so pametni moški in ženske,
11:12
astronauts, like I said, engineers.
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astronavti, kot pravim, inženirji.
11:14
Rusty Schweickart, who was an Apollo 9
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Rusty Schweickart, ki je bil astronavt na Apollu 9,
11:16
astronaut, is on this. Dan Durda, my friend
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je del skupine. Dan Durda, moj prijatelj,
11:18
who made this image, works here at
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ki je napravil tole podobo, dela tule na
11:20
Southwest Research Institute in Boulder,
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Southwest Research Institutu v Boulderju,
11:22
on Walnut Street. He created this image for this,
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na Walnut Street. Tole sliko je naredil za to priložnost
11:24
and he's actually one of the astronomers
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in je v bistvu eden od astronomov,
11:26
who works for them. If we see an asteroid
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ki dela zanje. Če vidimo asteroid,
11:28
that's going to hit the Earth and we have
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ki naj bi zadel Zemljo, in če imamo
11:30
enough time, we can hit it to move it into
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dovolj časa, ga lahko zadenemo in premaknemo
11:33
a better orbit. But then what we do is we launch
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v boljšo orbito. Potem pa sprožimo
11:36
a probe that has to weigh a ton or two.
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sondo, ki mora tehtati tono ali dve.
11:38
It doesn't have to be huge -- couple of tons,
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Ni treba, da je ogromna... nekaj ton,
11:41
not that big -- and you park it near the asteroid.
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ne prav velika... in jo parkiramo blizu asteroida.
11:44
You don't land on it, because these things are
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Ne pristanemo na njem, ker se te zadeve
11:46
tumbling end over end. It's very hard to land on them.
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kar naprej prevračajo. Zelo težko je pristati na njih.
11:48
Instead you get near it.
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Namesto tega se mu približamo.
11:50
The gravity of the asteroid pulls on the probe,
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Gravitacija asteroida privlači sondo
11:52
and the probe has a couple of tons of mass.
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in sonda ima nekaj ton mase.
11:55
It has a little tiny bit of gravity, but it's enough
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Ima majceno gravitacijo, a dovolj,
11:57
that it can pull the asteroid, and you have your
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da povleče asteroid, mi pa imamo
11:59
rockets set up, so you can -- oh, you can barely
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pripravljene rakete, da lahko ... oh, tule se komaj kaj vidi,
12:01
see it here, but there's rocket plumes -- and you
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ampak tole so raketna krila...in
12:03
basically, these guys are connected by their
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v bistvu sta ti dve zadevi povezani
12:05
own gravity, and if you move the probe very
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z njuno lastno gravitacijo, in če sondo zelo
12:08
slowly, very, very gently, you can very easily
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počasi, zelo zelo nežno premaknete, lahko brez težav
12:12
finesse that rock into a safe orbit.
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potisnete skalo v varno orbito.
12:15
You can even put in orbit around the Earth
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Lahko bi jo celo postavili v orbito okoli Zemlje,
12:17
where we could mine it, although that's a
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kjer bi lahko na njej rudarili, ampak to je
12:19
whole other thing. I won't go into that.
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čisto nekaj drugega. Ne bom šel v podrobnosti.
12:21
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
12:23
But we'd be rich!
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Ampak postali bi bogati!
12:25
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
12:30
So think about this, right?
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Razmislite o tem, prav?
12:32
There are these giant rocks flying out there,
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Tam zunaj okoli nas letajo ogromne skale
12:34
and they're hitting us, and they're doing
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in nas zadevajo in nam povzročajo
12:36
damage to us, but we've figured out how to do
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škodo, ampak ugotovili smo, kako se s tem soočiti
12:38
this, and all the pieces are in place to do this.
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in vsi koščki, ki jih potrebujemo, so na svojem mestu.
12:41
We have astronomers in place with telescopes
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Imamo astronome s teleskopi,
12:43
looking for them. We have smart people,
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ki jih iščejo. Imamo pametne ljudi,
12:45
very, very smart people, who are concerned
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zelo zelo pametne ljudi, ki jih to skrbi
12:47
about this and figuring out how to fix the
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in ugotavljajo, kako urediti težavo,
12:49
problem, and we have the technology to do this.
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imamo pa tudi tehnologijo.
12:52
This probe actually can't use chemical rockets.
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Tale sonda ne more uporabljati kemičnih raket.
12:54
Chemical rockets provide too much thrust, too
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Kemične rakete povzročijo prevelik sunek, preveč
12:56
much push. The probe would just shoot away.
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potiska. Sonda bi enostavno odletela stran.
12:58
We invented something called an ion drive,
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Izumili smo nekaj, kar se imenuje ionski pogon,
13:00
which is a very, very, very low-thrust engine.
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kar je motor z zelo zelo nizkim sunkom.
13:03
It generates the force a piece of paper would
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Ustvarja silo, kakršno bi imel košček papirja
13:05
have on your hand, incredibly light,
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na vaši dlani, neverjetno lahko,
13:07
but it can run for months and years,
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a lahko teče mesece in leta
13:10
providing that very gentle push.
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in zagotavlja ta nežen potisk.
13:13
If anybody here is a fan of the original "Star Trek,"
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Če je kdo med vami ljubitelj originalnega Star Treka,
13:15
they ran across an alien ship that had
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oni so naleteli na vesoljsko ladjo, ki je imela
13:17
an ion drive, and Spock said,
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ionski pogon, in Spock je dejal:
13:19
"They're very technically sophisticated.
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"Tehnično so zelo razviti.
13:21
They're a hundred years ahead of us with this drive."
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S tem pogonom so sto let pred nami."
13:23
Yeah, we have an ion drive now. (Laughter)
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Ja, zdaj pa imamo ionski pogon. (smeh)
13:25
We don't have the Enterprise, but
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Nimamo ladje Enterprise, ampak
13:27
we've got an ion drive now.
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imamo pa ionski pogon.
13:29
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
13:32
Spock.
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Spock.
13:34
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
13:37
So ...
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Torej...
13:39
that's the difference, that's the difference
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to je razlika, to je razlika
13:41
between us and the dinosaurs.
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med nami in dinozavri.
13:43
This happened to them.
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Njim se je to zgodilo.
13:45
It doesn't have to happen to us.
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Ni treba, da se tudi nam.
13:47
The difference between the dinosaurs and us
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Razlika med dinozavri in nami
13:50
is that we have a space program
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je v tem, da imamo vesoljski program
13:52
and we can vote,
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in volilno pravico,
13:54
and so we can change our future.
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tako da lahko spremenimo prihodnost.
13:57
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
13:58
We have the ability to change our future.
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Imamo sposobnost spreminjati svojo prihodnost.
14:01
65 million years from now,
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Čez 65 milijonov let
14:03
we don't have to have our bones
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ni treba, da bi naše kosti
14:05
collecting dust in a museum.
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zaprašene sedele v kakem muzeju.
14:07
Thank you very much.
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Hvala lepa.
14:09
(Applause)
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(aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Phil Plait - AstronomerPhil Plait blogs at Bad Astronomy, where he deconstructs misconceptions and explores the wonder of the universe.
Why you should listen
Phil Plait is the Bad Astronomer. Not a bad astronomer, but a blogger for Slate who debunks myths and misconceptions about astronomy -- and also writes about the beauty, wonder and importance of fundamental research.
He worked for six years on the Hubble Space Telescope, and directed public outreach for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. He is a past president of the James Randi Educational Foundation, and was the host of Phil Plait's Bad Universe, a documentary series on the Discovery Channel.
Read more from Phil Plait in the Huffington Post's special TEDWeekends feature, "Asteroids: Getting Ready" >>
Phil Plait | Speaker | TED.com