TEDxThessaloniki
Edi Rama: Take back your city with paint
Edi Rama: Vratite svoj grad bojom
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Učinite grad lepim, kontrolišite korupciju. Edi Rama krenuo je ovom prividno lakom stazom kao gradonačelnik Tirane, u Albaniji, gde je probudio ponos svojih građana transformišući javne prostore raznobojnim dezenima. Kroz projekte koji stavljaju ljude na prvo mesto, Rama je smanjio kriminal - i pokazao svojim građanima da mogu da veruju svojim vođama. (Snimljeno na TEDxThessaloniki.)
Edi Rama - Politician
From 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people. Full bio
From 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
In my previous life, I was an artist.
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U prethodnom životu bio sam umetnik.
00:20
I still paint. I love art.
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Još uvek slikam. Volim umetnost.
00:22
I love the joy that color can give to our lives
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Volim radost koju boja
može da donese našim životima
može da donese našim životima
00:28
and to our communities,
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i našim zajednicama,
00:31
and I try to bring something of the artist in me
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i pokušavam da uključim
umetnika u meni
umetnika u meni
00:36
in my politics,
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u moju politiku,
00:38
and I see
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i vidim
00:42
part of my job today, the reason for being here,
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kao deo mog posla danas,
kao razlog da budem ovde,
kao razlog da budem ovde,
00:47
not just to campaign for my party,
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ne samo kampanju za moju partiju,
00:52
but for politics, and the role it can play
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već za politiku i ulogu
koju ona može da igra
koju ona može da igra
00:57
for the better in our lives.
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u poboljšanju naših života.
01:01
For 11 years, I was mayor of Tirana, our capital.
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11 godina sam bio gradonačelnik Tirane,
našeg glavnog grada.
našeg glavnog grada.
01:06
We faced many challenges.
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Součavali smo se sa mnogim izazovima.
01:09
Art was part of the answer,
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Umetnost je bila deo odgovora.
01:12
and my name, in the very beginning,
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I moje ime, na samom početku,
01:14
was linked with two things:
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povezivano je sa dvema stvarima:
01:17
demolition of illegal constructions
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rušenjem ilegalnih konstrukcija
01:21
in order to get public space back,
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da bi se povratio javni prostor
01:25
and use of colors in order to revive the hope
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i upotreba boja da bi se probudila nada
01:29
that had been lost in my city.
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koja je bila izgubljena u mom gradu.
01:32
But this use of colors was not just an artistic act.
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Upotreba boja nije bila
samo umetnički čin.
samo umetnički čin.
01:38
Rather, it was a form of political action
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Bila je to više forma političke akcije
01:42
in a context when the city budget I had available
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u kontekstu gde je gradski budžet
koji mi je bio dostupan
koji mi je bio dostupan
01:47
after being elected amounted to zero comma something.
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kada sam bio izabran
iznosio nula zarez nešto.
iznosio nula zarez nešto.
01:54
When we painted the first building,
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Kada smo okrečili prvu zgradu,
01:57
by splashing a radiant orange on the somber gray
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stavljajući drečavu narandžastu
preko tmurne sive
preko tmurne sive
02:01
of a facade,
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boje fasade,
02:03
something unimaginable happened.
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nešto nezamislivo se dogodilo.
02:08
There was a traffic jam
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Nastala je gužva u saobraćaju
02:10
and a crowd of people gathered
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i gomila ljudi se okupila
02:13
as if it were the location of some spectacular accident,
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kao da se tu dogodila
neka spektakularna nezgoda
neka spektakularna nezgoda
02:18
or the sudden sighting of a visiting pop star.
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ili iznenadna poseta pop zvezde.
02:22
The French E.U. official in charge of the funding
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Francuski predstavnik Evropske unije
koji je upravljao finansiranjem,
koji je upravljao finansiranjem,
02:27
rushed to block the painting.
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požurio je da zaustavi krečenje.
02:30
He screeched that he would block the financing.
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Počeo je da viče
da će blokirati finansiranje.
da će blokirati finansiranje.
02:35
"But why?" I asked him.
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"Ali zašto?", pitao sam ga.
02:39
"Because the colors you have ordered
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"Zato što boje koje ste naručili
02:41
do not meet European standards," he replied.
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ne odgovaraju evropskim standardima",
odgovorio je.
odgovorio je.
02:46
"Well," I told him,
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"Pa", rekao sam mu,
02:49
"the surroundings do not meet European standards,
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"okruženje ne odgovara
evropskim standardima,
evropskim standardima,
02:52
even though this is not what we want,
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iako to nije ono što želimo,
02:58
but we will choose the colors ourselves,
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ali sami ćemo da biramo boje
03:01
because this is exactly what we want.
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jer je to tačno ono što želimo.
03:04
And if you do not let us continue with our work,
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I ako nas ne pustite da nastavimo sa radom,
03:08
I will hold a press conference here,
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održaću konferenciju za novinare ovde,
03:11
right now, right in this road,
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sada, baš na ovom putu
03:14
and we will tell people that you look to me
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i rećićemo ljudima da gledate na mene
03:17
just like the censors of the socialist realism era."
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baš kao cenzori ere socrealizma."
03:23
Then he was kind of troubled,
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To ga je malo zabrinulo
03:26
and asked me for a compromise.
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i zatražio je kompromis.
03:29
But I told him no, I'm sorry,
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Rekao sam mu: "Ne, žao mi je,
03:31
compromise in colors is gray,
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kompromis među bojama je siva,
03:35
and we have enough gray to last us a lifetime.
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a mi imamo dovoljno sive za ceo život."
03:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:42
So it's time for change.
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Vreme je za promene.
03:47
The rehabilitation of public spaces
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Rehabilitacija javnih prostora
03:49
revived the feeling of belonging
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je oživela osećaj pripadnosti
03:52
to a city that people lost.
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gradu koji su ljudi izgubili.
03:57
The pride of people about their own place of living,
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Ponos ljudi vezan za mesto gde žive
04:03
and there were feelings that had been buried
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i osećanja koja su bila zakopana
04:06
deep for years under the fury of the illegal,
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godinama duboko ispod besa zbog ilegalnih,
04:11
barbaric constructions that sprang up in the public space.
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varvarskih konstrukcija
koje su nikle na javnom prostoru.
koje su nikle na javnom prostoru.
04:17
And when colors came out everywhere,
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Kada su se boje pojavile svuda,
04:20
a mood of change started transforming the spirit of people.
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duh promene počeo je
da transformiše duh ljudi.
da transformiše duh ljudi.
04:24
Big noise raised up: "What is this? What is happening?
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Digla se galama:
"Šta je ovo? Šta se dešava?
"Šta je ovo? Šta se dešava?
04:27
What are colors doing to us?"
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Šta nam rade boje?"
04:29
And we made a poll,
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I organizovali smo glasanje,
04:30
the most fascinating poll I've seen in my life.
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najfascinantnije glasanje
koje sam video u životu.
koje sam video u životu.
04:32
We asked people, "Do you want this action,
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Pitali smo ljude:
"Da li želite ovu akciju
"Da li želite ovu akciju
04:40
and to have buildings painted like that?"
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i da zgrade budu ovako okrečene?"
04:44
And then the second question was,
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Drugo pitanje bilo je:
04:47
"Do you want it to stop or do you want it to continue?"
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"Da li želite da se zaustavi
ili da se nastavi?"
ili da se nastavi?"
04:50
To the first question,
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Na prvo pitanje,
04:51
63 percent of people said yes, we like it.
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63 posto ljudi odgovorilo je:
"Da, sviđa nam se."
"Da, sviđa nam se."
04:55
Thirty-seven said no, we don't like it.
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Trideset sedam odgovorilo je:
"Ne, ne sviđa nam se."
"Ne, ne sviđa nam se."
04:58
But to the second question, half of them that didn't like it,
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Ali na drugo pitanje, polovina onih
kojima se nije sviđala,
kojima se nije sviđala,
05:01
they wanted it to continue. (Laughter)
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želela je da se nastavi.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
05:04
So we noticed change.
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Primetili smo promenu.
05:07
People started to drop less litter in the streets, for example,
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Ljudi su počeli da bacaju
manje smeća na ulice, na primer,
manje smeća na ulice, na primer,
05:12
started to pay taxes,
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počeli su da plaćaju poreze,
05:14
started to feel something they had forgotten,
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počeli su da osećaju ono što su zaboravili.
05:19
and beauty was acting as a guardsman
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I lepota je služila kao čuvar
05:24
where municipal police, or the state itself, were missing.
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gde gradska policija i sama država,
nisu bili prisutni.
nisu bili prisutni.
05:31
One day I remember walking along a street
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Sećam se da sam jednog dana šetao ulicom
05:34
that had just been colored,
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koja samo što je bila okrečena
05:37
and where we were in the process of planting trees,
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i gde je trajao proces sadnje drveća,
05:41
when I saw a shopkeeper and his wife
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kada sam video
vlasnika radnje i njegovu ženu
vlasnika radnje i njegovu ženu
05:44
putting a glass facade to their shop.
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kako stavljaju staklenu fasadu
na njihovu radnju.
na njihovu radnju.
05:48
They had thrown the old shutter
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Bacili su stari kapak
05:50
in the garbage collection place.
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na mesto gde se sakuplja smeće.
05:53
"Why did you throw away the shutters?" I asked him.
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"Zašto ste bacili kapke?",
pitao sam ih.
pitao sam ih.
05:57
"Well, because the street is safer now," they answered.
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"Pa, zato što je ulica sada bezbednija",
odgovorili su.
odgovorili su.
06:02
"Safer? Why? They have posted more policemen here?"
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"Bezbednija? Zašto?
Postavili su više policajaca ovde?"
Postavili su više policajaca ovde?"
06:07
"Come on, man! What policemen?
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"Ma daj, čoveče! Kakve policajce?
06:10
You can see it for yourself. There are colors,
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Možeš i sam da vidiš. Tu su boje,
06:13
streetlights, new pavement with no potholes,
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ulične sijalice, novi trotoar bez rupa,
06:19
trees. So it's beautiful; it's safe."
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drveće. Prelepo je; bezbedno je."
06:24
And indeed, it was beauty that was giving people
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I stvarno, lepota je davala ljudima
06:28
this feeling of being protected.
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osećaj zaštite.
06:32
And this was not a misplaced feeling.
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To nije bio pogrešan osećaj.
06:36
Crime did fall.
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Kriminal je zaista oslabio.
06:41
The freedom that was won in 1990
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Sloboda osvojena 1990.,
06:44
brought about a state of anarchy in the city,
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donela je stanje anarhije u grad,
06:48
while the barbarism of the '90s
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dok je varvarizam '90-ih
06:51
brought about a loss of hope for the city.
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doneo gubitak nade za grad.
06:54
The paint on the walls did not feed children,
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Boja na zidovima nije hranila decu,
06:59
nor did it tend the sick or educate the ignorant,
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takođe nije brinula o bolesnima
ili obrazovala neuke,
ili obrazovala neuke,
07:03
but it gave hope and light,
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ali je davala nadu i svetlo
07:06
and helped to make people see
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i pomogla ljudima da vide
07:09
there could be a different way of doing things,
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da postoji drugačiji način
da se stvari urade,
da se stvari urade,
07:12
a different spirit, a different feel to our lives,
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drugačiji duh, drugačiji pogled
na naše živote.
na naše živote.
07:16
and that if we brought the same energy and hope
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I da, ako unesemo
istu energiju i nadu
istu energiju i nadu
07:22
to our politics, we could build a better life
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u našu politiku,
možemo da stvorimo bolji život
možemo da stvorimo bolji život
07:26
for each other and for our country.
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jedni za druge i za našu zemlju.
07:31
We removed 123,000 tons of concrete
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Uklonili smo 123 000 tona betona
07:38
only from the riverbanks.
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samo sa rečnih obala.
07:41
We demolished more than 5,000 illegal buildings
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Srušili smo više od 5 000
ilegalnih građevina
ilegalnih građevina
07:46
all over the city,
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u celom gradu,
07:49
up to eight stories high, the tallest of them.
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najviše od njih imale su
i do osam spratova.
i do osam spratova.
07:53
We planted 55,000 trees and bushes in the streets.
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Zasadili smo 55 000 stabala
i žbunova u ulicama.
i žbunova u ulicama.
08:00
We established a green tax,
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Uveli smo ekološki porez
08:03
and then everybody accepted it
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i onda su ga svi prihvatili
08:07
and all businessmen paid it regularly.
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i svi poslovni ljudi su ga redovno plaćali.
08:12
By means of open competitions,
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Kroz otvorena takmičenja
08:15
we managed to recruit in our administration
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uspeli samo da u našu
administraciju regrutujemo
administraciju regrutujemo
08:17
many young people,
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mnogo mladih ljudi
08:19
and we thus managed to build
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i tako smo uspeli da izgradimo
08:21
a de-politicized public institution
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apolitičnu javnu instituciju
08:25
where men and women were equally represented.
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gde su muškarci i žene
jednako predstavljeni.
jednako predstavljeni.
08:29
International organizations
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Internacionalne organizacije
08:32
have invested a lot in Albania during these 20 years,
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uložile su mnogo u Albaniju
u poslednjih 20 godina,
u poslednjih 20 godina,
08:35
not all of it well spent.
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od čega nije sve potrošeno na dobar način.
08:38
When I told the World Bank directors
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Kada sam rekao
direktorima Svetske banke
direktorima Svetske banke
08:41
that I wanted them to finance a project to build
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da želim da finansiraju projekat
da se izgradi
da se izgradi
08:46
a model reception hall for citizens
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model sale za prijem građana
08:49
precisely in order to fight endemic daily corruption,
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baš u cilju borbe
protiv endemske dnevne korupcije,
protiv endemske dnevne korupcije,
08:53
they did not understand me.
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nisu me razumeli.
08:56
But people were waiting in long queues
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Ali ljudi su čekali u dugim redovima
08:59
under sun and under rain
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pod suncem i kišom
09:02
in order to get a certificate or just a simple answer
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da bi dobili sertifikat
ili samo jednostavam odgovor
ili samo jednostavam odgovor
09:06
from two tiny windows of two metal kiosks.
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kroz dva mala prozora
na dva metalna kioska.
na dva metalna kioska.
09:14
They were paying in order to skip the queue,
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Plaćali su da ne bi čekali u redu,
09:18
the long queue.
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u dugom redu.
09:20
The reply to their requests was met
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Na njihove zahteve odgovarao je
09:24
by a voice coming from this dark hole,
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glas koji je dolazio iz mračne rupe
09:29
and, on the other hand,
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i sa druge strane,
09:33
a mysterious hand coming out to take their documents
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misteriozna ruka koja se pojavi
da uzme njihove dokumente
da uzme njihove dokumente
09:38
while searching through old documents for the bribe.
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dok među starim dokumentima traži mito.
09:44
We could change the invisible clerks within the kiosks,
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Mogli smo da menjamo
nevidljive službenike u kioscima
nevidljive službenike u kioscima
09:49
every week, but we could not change this corrupt practice.
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svake nedelje, ali nismo mogli da promenimo
ovu korumpiranu praksu.
ovu korumpiranu praksu.
09:54
"I'm convinced," I told a German official
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"Ubeđen sam", rekao sam nemačkom zvaničniku
09:58
with the World Bank,
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Svetske banke,
10:01
"that it would be impossible for them to be bribed
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"da bi bilo nemoguće da primaju mito
10:05
if they worked in Germany,
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kada bi radili u Nemačkoj,
10:07
in a German administration,
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u nemačkoj administraciji,
10:09
just as I am convinced that if you put German officials
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u istoj meri koliko sam ubeđen da,
ako bi postavili nemačke zvaničnike
ako bi postavili nemačke zvaničnike
10:13
from the German administration in those holes,
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iz nemačke administracije u ove rupe,
10:17
they would be bribed just the same."
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takođe bi primali mito."
10:21
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:27
It's not about genes.
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To nema veze sa genima.
10:29
It's not about some being with a high conscience
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To ne znači da neko ima savest
na višem nivou,
na višem nivou,
10:35
and some others having not a conscience.
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a da neko drugi nema savest.
10:37
It's about system, it's about organization.
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To ima veze sa sistemom,
sa organizacijom.
sa organizacijom.
10:40
It's also about environment and respect.
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Takođe je vezano za okolinu i poštovanje.
10:43
We removed the kiosks.
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Uklonili smo kioske.
10:46
We built the bright new reception hall
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Sagradili smo novu salu za prijeme
10:50
that made people, Tirana citizens,
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zbog koje su ljudi, građani Tirane,
10:54
think they had traveled abroad when they entered
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mislili da su otputovali u inostranstvo
kada bi ušli
kada bi ušli
10:57
to make their requests.
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da predaju svoje zahteve.
11:00
We created an online system of control
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Napravili smo onlajn sistem kontrole
11:03
and so speeded up all the processes.
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i tako ubrzali sve procese.
11:07
We put the citizen first, and not the clerks.
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Stavili smo građane na prvo mesto,
a ne službenike.
a ne službenike.
11:12
The corruption in the state administration
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Protiv korupcije u državnoj administraciji
11:16
of countries like Albania --
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u zemljama kao što je Albanija -
11:19
it's not up to me to say also like Greece --
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da ne kažem, kao što je Grčka -
11:23
can be fought only by modernization.
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možemo se boriti samo modernizacijom.
11:28
Reinventing the government by reinventing politics itself
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Rešenje je reorganizovanje vlade
kroz reorganizovanje
kroz reorganizovanje
11:33
is the answer, and not reinventing people
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same politike, a ne reorganizovanje ljudi
11:36
based on a ready-made formula
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na osnovu već smišljenih obrazaca
11:39
that the developed world often tries in vain to impose
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koje razvijeni svet često uzalud
pokušava da nametne
pokušava da nametne
11:43
to people like us.
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ljudima kao što smo mi.
11:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
11:48
Things have come to this point
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Stvari su dostigle ovu tačku
11:50
because politicians in general,
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zato što političari u globalu,
11:53
but especially in our countries, let's face it,
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ali naročito u našim zemljama,
da se ne lažemo,
da se ne lažemo,
11:56
think people are stupid.
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misle da su ljudi glupi.
11:58
They take it for granted that, come what may,
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Uzimaju zdravo za gotovo da će,
bilo šta da se desi,
bilo šta da se desi,
12:02
people have to follow them,
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ljudi morati da ih prate,
12:04
while politics, more and more, fails to offer answers
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dok politika, sve više i više,
ne uspeva da ponudi rešenja
ne uspeva da ponudi rešenja
12:08
for their public concerns
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za brige javnosti
12:12
or the exigencies of the common people.
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ili potrebe običnih ljudi.
12:17
Politics has come to resemble
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Politika je počela da liči
12:19
a cynical team game played by politicians,
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na ciničnu timsku igru
koju igraju političari,
koju igraju političari,
12:23
while the public has been pushed aside
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dok je javnost gurnuta u stranu
12:27
as if sitting on the seats of a stadium
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kao da sede na sedištima na stadionu
12:31
in which passion for politics
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gde strast ka politici
12:33
is gradually making room for blindness and desperation.
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postepeno ustupa mesto
zaslepljenosti i očaju.
zaslepljenosti i očaju.
12:38
Seen from those stairs, all politicians today
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Gledano sa tih stepenica,
svi političari danas
svi političari danas
12:43
seem the same,
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izgledaju isto
12:45
and politics has come to resemble
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i politika je počela da liči
12:50
a sport that inspires more aggressiveness
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na sport koji stvara više agresivnosti
12:54
and pessimism than social cohesion
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i pesimizma nego
društvene jedinstvenosti
društvene jedinstvenosti
12:58
and the desire for civic protaganism.
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i želje za građanskim protagonizmom.
13:02
Barack Obama won
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Barak Obama je pobedio
13:04
— (Applause) —
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- (Aplauz) -
13:10
because he mobilized people as never before
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jer je mobilizovao ljude kao nikada pre
13:14
through the use of social networks.
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kroz upotrebu socijalnih mreža.
13:16
He did not know each and every one of them,
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Nije poznavao svakog od njih,
13:19
but with an admirable ingenuity,
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ali je sa zadivljujućom genijalnošću
13:23
he managed to transform them into activists
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uspeo da ih transformiše u aktiviste
13:27
by giving them all the possibility to hold in their hands
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dozvoljavajući im da u svojim rukama drže
13:31
the arguments and the instruments that each would need
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argumente i instrumente
koji su svakom od njih bili potrebni
koji su svakom od njih bili potrebni
13:34
to campaign in his name by making his own campaign.
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da vode kampanju u njegovo ime
stvarajući sopstvenu kampanju.
stvarajući sopstvenu kampanju.
13:39
I tweet. I love it.
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Tvitujem. Obožavam to.
13:41
I love it because it lets me get the message out,
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Obožavam to jer mi pruža priliku
da prenesem poruku,
da prenesem poruku,
13:47
but it also lets people get their messages to me.
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ali takođe omogućava ljudima
da prenesu svoje poruke meni.
da prenesu svoje poruke meni.
13:51
This is politics, not from top down,
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Ovo je politika, ne od vrha na dole,
13:54
but from the bottom up, and sideways,
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već odozdo na gore i sa strane.
13:57
and allowing everybody's voice to be heard
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Mogućnost da se svačiji glas čuje
14:00
is exactly what we need.
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je upravo ono što nam je potrebno.
14:02
Politics is not just about leaders.
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Politika nije vezana samo za vođe.
14:04
It's not just about politicians and laws.
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Ne radi se samo o političarima i zakonima.
14:07
It is about how people think,
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Radi se o tome kako ljudi razmišljaju,
14:09
how they view the world around them,
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kako vide svet oko sebe,
14:11
how they use their time and their energy.
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kako koriste svoje vreme i energiju.
14:14
When people say all politicians are the same,
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Kada ljudi kažu da su svi političari isti,
14:16
ask yourself if Obama was the same as Bush,
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zapitajte se da li je Obama
isti kao Buš,
isti kao Buš,
14:19
if François Hollande is the same as Sarkozy.
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da li je Fransoa Holand
isti kao Sarkozi.
isti kao Sarkozi.
14:23
They are not. They are human beings with different views
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Nisu isti. Oni su ljudska bića
sa različitim shvatanjima
sa različitim shvatanjima
14:28
and different visions for the world.
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i različitim vizijama o svetu.
14:30
When people say nothing can change,
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Kada ljudi kažu
da ništa ne može da se promeni,
da ništa ne može da se promeni,
14:33
just stop and think what the world was like
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samo stanite i razmislite
kako je svet izgledao
kako je svet izgledao
14:37
10, 20, 50, 100 years ago.
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pre 10, 20, 50, 100 godina.
14:42
Our world is defined by the pace of change.
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Naš svet je definisan tempom promene.
14:45
We can all change the world.
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Svi mi možemo da promenimo svet.
14:48
I gave you a very small example
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Dao sam samo mali primer
14:51
of how one thing, the use of color,
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kako jedna stvar, upotreba boje,
14:54
can make change happen.
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može da pokrene promenu.
14:57
I want to make more change
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Želim da donesem još više promena
14:58
as Prime Minister of my country,
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kao premijer svoje zemlje,
15:01
but every single one of you can make change happen
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ali bilo ko od vas
može da donese promene
može da donese promene
15:05
if you want to.
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ako želi.
15:07
President Roosevelt, he said,
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Predsednik Ruzvelt je rekao:
15:10
"Believe you can, and you are halfway there."
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"Veruj da možeš i prešao si već pola puta."
15:14
Efharisto and kalinihta.
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Efharisto i kalininhta.
(Hvala i laku noć).
(Hvala i laku noć).
15:17
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Edi Rama - PoliticianFrom 2000 to 2011 Edi Rama was the mayor of Tirana, where he implemented a series of reforms to take back the city for the people.
Why you should listen
Edi Rama has been in politics since the start of the 21st century, but before that he was a painter. It was this deep affinity for light and color that informed Rama's time as mayor of Tirana, when he literally painted the town ... every color. Rama is best known for the removal of government kiosks all over the city, thus cutting down on endemic bribery, and for the establishment of a modern new reception hall for citizens with paperwork requests. Rama's administration also demolished thousands of illegal buildings, removed hundreds of thousands of tons of concrete from riverbanks, and planted thousands of trees and bushes all over the city. Rama continues to serve as a leader of the Socialist Party of Albania.
Edi Rama | Speaker | TED.com