ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Rothschild - Science journalist
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart.

Why you should listen

Anna Rothschild combines whimsical writing with painting, collage and digital animation to bring her stories to life. She is currently at the Washington Post, where she directs and hosts the series Anna's Science Magic Show Hooray! The show explores science questions like "Why do we have butts?" or "Why is blood red?" and Rothschild regularly answers questions submitted by the audience. She is also the creator of the YouTube series Gross Science for NOVA and PBS Digital Studios. Rothschild has won multiple awards for her work, including the 2016 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award for Children's Science News. She has an MA in science journalism from New York University and a BA in biology from Brown University.

More profile about the speaker
Anna Rothschild | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxMidAtlantic

Anna Rothschild: Why you should love gross science

安娜 · 罗斯柴尔德: 为什么应该喜爱恶心的科学?

Filmed:
1,271,083 views

我们可以从生命中黏滑,难闻的一面中学到什么呢?在这个幽默的演讲中,科学记者安娜 · 罗斯柴尔德向我们展示了恶心科学的潜在魅力,同时解释了为什么对自然,医学和科技中令人毛骨悚然的部分阻碍了我们接触健康和世界重要的知识资源。罗斯柴尔德说过:“当我们探索生命中恶心的一面时,就理解了未知的观念,甚至发现了从未发现的美丽。”
- Science journalist
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Did you know that one
of the first fertility生育能力 drugs毒品
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你知道世界上第一例催孕药
00:16
was made制作 from the pee撒尿 of Catholic天主教徒 nuns修女,
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是用天主教修女的尿合成的,
00:21
and that even the Pope教皇 got involved参与?
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甚至与大主教也有关系?
00:24
So, this is totally完全 true真正.
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这是真实的事件。
20世纪50年代,科学家们
发现当女人进入更年期时,
00:25
Back in the 1950s, scientists科学家们 knew知道
that when women妇女 enter输入 menopause绝经,
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她们的尿液中便开始
出现含量极高的生殖激素。
00:31
they start开始 releasing释放 high levels水平
of fertility生育能力 hormones激素 in their urine尿.
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但有位布鲁诺 · 卢内费尔德医生
00:36
But there was this doctor医生
named命名 Bruno布鲁诺 Lunenfeld卢南费尔德,
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想知道,他是否能
将那些激素从尿液中分离,
00:39
who wondered想知道 if he could actually其实
isolate隔离 those hormones激素 from the urine尿
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并用其帮助不孕不育的妇女们。
00:43
and use it to help women妇女
who are having trouble麻烦 getting得到 pregnant.
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问题很明显:为试验
这一想法,他需要搜集
00:46
Obviously明显, the problem问题 with this
was that in order订购 to test测试 this idea理念,
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00:50
he needed需要 a lot of pee撒尿 from older旧的 women妇女.
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许多年长妇女的尿液。
00:55
And that is not an easy简单 thing to find.
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然而那绝非易事。
00:57
So he and his colleagues同事
got special特别 permission允许 from the Pope教皇
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他和他的同行获得了大主教的许可,
01:03
to collect搜集 gallons加仑 and gallons加仑 of urine尿
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从几百名年长的天主教修女那里
收集了若干加仑的尿液。
01:07
from hundreds数以百计 of older旧的 Catholic天主教徒 nuns修女.
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01:11
And in doing so,
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这样一来,
01:13
he actually其实 isolated孤立 hormones激素
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他就将那些仍利于今天的妇女
01:15
that are still used to help women妇女
get pregnant today今天,
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怀孕的激素分离了出来。
01:18
though虽然 now, they can be
synthesized综合 in a lab实验室,
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虽然现在,这种生殖激素
可以在实验室合成,
并且也不再需要大量的尿液。
01:21
and gallons加仑 of pee撒尿 aren't necessary必要.
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01:24
So why am I standing常设 up here,
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那么,为什么我要站在这里,
01:26
telling告诉 this wonderfully奇妙
intellectual知识分子 audience听众 about nun尼姑 pee撒尿?
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向在座的各位精英讲述修女的尿液呢?
01:33
Well, I'm a science科学 journalist记者
and multimedia多媒体 producer制片人,
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事实上,我是一名总是
痴迷于研究恶心事物的
01:36
who has always been
fascinated入迷 by gross stuff东东.
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科学记者兼多媒体制作人。
01:41
So fascinated入迷, in fact事实,
that I started开始 a weekly每周 YouTubeYouTube的 series系列
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这种痴迷驱使我在一周前
创立了一个名为“恶心科学”的
01:45
called "Gross Science科学,"
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每周Youtube视频系列,
01:46
all about the slimy泥泞的, smelly,
creepy爬行 underbelly软肋
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展示了自然,医药和科技中
所有黏滑的,难闻的,
01:51
of nature性质, medicine医学 and technology技术.
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令人毛骨悚然的部分。
01:54
Now, I think most of us would agree同意
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我认为大多数人会承认
01:56
that there's something
a little gross about pee撒尿.
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尿液有点恶心。
01:59
You know, it's something
that we don't really like to talk about,
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尿液属于一些我们不喜欢谈论的事物,
而我们会将其控制得极其私密。
02:02
and we keep the act法案
of doing it very private私人的.
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02:05
But when Lunenfeld卢南费尔德
peered凝视 into the world世界 of pee撒尿,
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但当卢内费尔德仔细观察了尿液的世界,
02:09
he discovered发现 something
deeply helpful有帮助 to humanity人性.
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他发现了使人类受益匪浅的东西。
02:12
And after a year and a half
of making制造 my show显示,
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从我制作节目以来的一年半中,
我可以告诉各位,当我们
探索生命中恶心的部分时,
02:16
I can tell you that very often经常
when we explore探索 the gross side of life,
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02:21
we find insights见解 that we never
would have thought we'd星期三 find,
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我们经常会获得意料之外的洞察,
02:24
and we even often经常 reveal揭示 beauty美女
that we didn't think was there.
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甚至经常揭示一些出乎意料的美。
02:28
I think it's important重要 for us to talk
about gross things for a few少数 reasons原因.
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我认为谈论恶心的事物
对我们来说很重要,有这么几个原因。
02:33
So, first of all,
talking about gross stuff东东
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首先,谈论恶心的事物
02:35
is a great tool工具 for education教育,
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堪称教育的利器,
02:38
and it's an excellent优秀 way
to preserve保留 curiosity好奇心.
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也是保持好奇心的绝妙方法。
02:42
To explain说明 what I mean,
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为了解释我的意思,
倒不如分享一点我小时候的经历。
02:43
why don't I tell you a little bit
about what I was like as a child儿童?
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02:48
So, I was what you might威力 call a gross kid孩子.
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也许你们会称曾经的我
为一名让人恶心的孩子。
02:53
In fact事实, my love of science科学 itself本身
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事实上,我对科学本身的热爱
开始于我的父母带给我的
一套黏糊糊的化学实验工具,
02:56
began开始 when my parents父母 bought me
a slime粘液 chemistry化学 set
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02:59
and was then only enhanced增强
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并通过我在六年级生物课上
03:02
by doing gross experiments实验
in my sixth-grade六年级 biology生物学 class.
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做的恶心的实验得到了进一步发展。
03:05
We did things like, we swabbed擦洗
surfaces around our classroom课堂
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例如:我们在教室的
各个角落收集细菌,
03:10
and cultured培养的 the bacteria we'd星期三 collected,
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并进行培育。
03:13
and we dissected解剖 owl猫头鹰 pellets小球,
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我们同样剖析了猫头鹰
呕吐出的唾馀,
03:15
which哪一个 are these balls of material材料
that are undigested未消化 that owls猫头鹰 barf up,
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包含着猫头鹰吞下去的
一团团不消化的食物,
03:20
and it's really kind of gross
and awesome真棒 and cool.
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那确实有些恶心,怪异,但也很酷。
03:24
Now, the fact事实 that I was obsessed痴迷
with gross stuff东东 as a kid孩子
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实际上,我孩提时对恶心事物的痴迷,
03:27
is not so revolutionary革命的.
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也算不上具有革命性的意义。
03:28
You know, lots of kids孩子
are really into gross things,
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许多孩子们的生活都
离不开恶心的事物,
03:31
like playing播放 in dirt污垢 or collecting搜集 beetles甲虫
or eating their boogers鼻 屎.
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像玩泥巴,收集甲虫或吃鼻屎。
03:36
And why is that?
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为什么呢?
03:38
I think really little kids孩子
are like little explorers探险.
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我认为,小孩子就像小探险家一样。
03:42
They just want to experience经验
as much as they can
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他们只想尽他们所能地探索,
03:45
and don't have any idea理念
about the relative相对的 acceptability接受
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但对相对接受性毫无概念,
03:49
of touching接触 a ladybug瓢虫 versus a stinkbug臭虫.
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例如接触瓢虫或臭虫。
03:52
They just want to understand理解
how everything works作品
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他们只想知道万物如何存在,
并尽他们所能地一探究竟。
03:55
and experience经验 as much
of life as they can.
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03:57
And that is pure curiosity好奇心.
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那是纯粹的好奇心。
04:00
But then adults成年人 step in,
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接着,成人逐渐涉足,
04:02
and we tell kids孩子 not to pick their noses鼻子
and not to touch触摸 the slugs蛞蝓 or toads蟾蜍
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我们告诉孩子们不要挖鼻孔,
不要摸鼻涕虫或蟾蜍,
04:07
or whatever随你 else其他 they find
in the backyard后院,
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或者其它一切他们在后院找到的,
04:09
because those things are gross.
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因为那些东西很恶心。
04:11
And we do that in part部分
to keep kids孩子 safe安全, right?
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我们那样做部分是为了保证
孩子们的安全,对吗?
04:14
Like, maybe picking选择
your nose鼻子 spreads利差 germs病菌
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例如,挖鼻孔也许会传播细菌,
04:17
and maybe touching接触 that toad蟾蜍
will give you warts,
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摸蟾蜍也可能会带来疣疾。
04:21
even though虽然 I don't
actually其实 think that's true真正.
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虽然如此,我却不敢苟同。
你们应该感到无拘无束,
想摸多少蟾蜍就摸多少。
04:23
You should feel free自由 to touch触摸
as many许多 toads蟾蜍 as you want.
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04:27
So at a certain某些 point,
when kids孩子 get a little bit older旧的,
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到了某个阶段,当孩子们逐渐长大,
04:30
there's this way
that engaging with gross stuff东东
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这样对待恶心事物的方法,
04:33
isn't just about curiosity好奇心,
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已不只与好奇心有关,
04:34
it's also about, sort分类 of,
finding发现 out where the limits范围 are,
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某种程度上,也有可能与发现极限有关,
04:37
pushing推动 the boundaries边界 of what's OK.
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在允许的情况下会试图超越那个极限。
04:40
So, lots of kids孩子 of a certain某些 age年龄
will have burping打嗝 competitions比赛
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因此,在特定年龄的许多孩子
会参加间歇性的比赛,
看谁的鬼脸最丑。
04:44
or competitions比赛 to see
who can make the grossest恶心 face面对.
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04:48
And they do that in part部分 because
it's a little bit transgressive海侵, right?
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某种意义上,正因为这样做
会有点出格,对吗?
04:52
But there's another另一个 layer
to why we define确定 stuff东东 as gross.
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不过,我们对恶心事物的定义,
还出于另一方面的考虑。
04:56
As humans人类, we've我们已经 sort分类 of extended扩展
the concept概念 of disgust厌恶 to morality道德.
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作为人类,我们多多少少将
恶心的概念拓展到了道德的范畴。
05:03
So, the psychologist心理学家 Paul保罗 Rozin罗津 would say
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心理学家保罗 · 罗兹说过:
05:06
that many许多 of the things
we categorize分类 as gross
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“许多我们归为恶心的东西,
05:09
are things that reminds提醒 us
that we're just animals动物.
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其实提醒了我们,我们只是动物。
05:13
These are things like
bodily身体 fluids流体 and sex性别
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例如体液,性,
以及身体畸形和死亡。
05:17
and physical物理 abnormalities异常 and death死亡.
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05:21
And the idea理念 that we're just animals动物
can be really unsettling惴惴,
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确实,我们是动物的
概念使人不安。
05:25
because it can be this reminder提醒
of our own拥有 mortality死亡.
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因为它会提醒我们自己终有一死。
05:29
And that can leave离开 many许多 of us
with this deep existential存在 angst焦虑.
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它还让我们中的许多人怀有存在性焦虑。
05:34
Rozin罗津 would say that there's this way
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罗兹这样说过:
05:36
in which哪一个 disgust厌恶
and the avoidance躲避 of gross things
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“厌恶和逃避恶心的事物
05:41
becomes not just a way
to protect保护 our bodies身体,
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不仅成为保护我们身体的方式,
05:44
it becomes a way to protect保护 our souls灵魂.
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而且还保护了我们的精神。
05:48
I think at a certain某些 point,
kids孩子 really begin开始 to internalize内在
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我认为在某个阶段,
讨厌的事物和不道德之间的关系
05:51
this link链接 between之间
disgusting讨厌 things and immorality放荡.
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会开始在孩子们的心底扎根。
05:55
And while I don't have any concrete具体 data数据
to back up this next下一个 idea理念,
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虽然目前我没有具体的数据
来支持我的下一个想法,
但我认为对大多数人来说,当我们
迈入青春期时,这种情况便已司空见惯。
06:01
I think that for a lot of us,
it happens发生 around the time we hit击中 puberty青春期.
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06:07
And you know -- yeah, I know.
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就像这样——没错,
这就是那个时期的我。
06:11
So during puberty青春期,
our bodies身体 are changing改变,
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我们的身体在
青春期时开始改变,
06:14
and we're sweating出汗 more,
and girls女孩 get their periods,
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出更多的汗,女孩开始月经。
06:18
and we're thinking思维 about sex性别
in this way that we never did before.
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我们从未这样思考过性。
06:21
And through通过 the human人的 capacity容量
for abstraction抽象化,
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受人类抽象思维能力的限制,
06:24
this shame耻辱 can settle解决 in.
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这种羞愧便很容易立足。
06:27
So we don't necessarily一定 just think,
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我们不会只想到:
06:29
"Oh, my goodness善良, something
really gross is happening事件 to my body身体!"
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“哦,天呐,我的身体
正经历着恶心的东西!“
06:32
We think, "Oh my God, maybe I'm gross.
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我们会想:“哦,上帝,也许我很恶心。
06:36
And maybe that means手段 that there's
something bad or wrong错误 about me."
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也许那意味着我出了什么问题。”
06:41
The thing is, that if you de facto事实上
associate关联 gross stuff东东 with immorality放荡,
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问题是,如果你们将恶心的事物
与不道德联系在一起,
06:46
you lose失去 a huge巨大 part部分 of your curiosity好奇心,
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就会失去绝大部分的好奇心。
06:49
because there is so much
out there in the world世界
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因为世界包罗万象,
06:52
that is a little bit gross.
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总有一部分多少有点恶心。
06:53
Like, think about going
for a walk步行 in the woods树木.
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举个例子,想象在丛林中漫步。
06:56
You could just pay工资 attention注意
to the birds鸟类 and the trees树木 and the flowers花卉
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你或许只会注意到鸟,树和花。
它们很漂亮。
07:00
and that would be fine,
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07:01
but in my view视图, you'd be missing失踪
a bigger and more awesome真棒 picture图片
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但我看来,你会错失
这个星球中生命更加广阔和
07:06
of life on this planet行星.
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奇妙的一面。
07:08
There are cycles周期 of decay衰变
that are driving主动 forest森林 growth发展,
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衰变的循环正驾驭着森林的生长,
07:11
and there are networks网络 of fungus
beneath下面 your feet
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在你们脚下存在着网络般的菌类植物,
07:14
that are connecting literally按照字面
all of the plants植物 around you.
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与你们身边的植物紧密相连。
07:17
That's really amazing惊人.
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那确实令人吃惊。
07:19
So I feel like we should be talking
about gross stuff东东 early and often经常
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所以我认为我们应该
尽早并且频繁的与年轻人
07:23
with young年轻 people,
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谈论恶心的东西,
07:24
so they feel like they're actually其实
allowed允许 to claim要求 this bigger picture图片
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让他们真切地感受到需要
体会我们星球上的生命中
07:27
of life on our planet行星.
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广阔的一面。
07:30
The good news新闻 is that for many许多 of us,
the fascination魅力 with gross stuff东东
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对大多数人来说好消息是:
恶心事物的乐趣
07:34
doesn't exactly究竟 go away,
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并未消失殆尽,
07:36
we just kind of pretend假装
like it's not there.
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我们只是有意无意地忽视了它们的存在。
07:38
But truthfully如实, we all spend
sort分类 of a big part部分 of our lives生活
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但事实上,我们一生中
都花费了很长时间
07:43
just trying not to be gross.
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试着摆脱恶心的感觉。
07:45
When you really think about it,
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当你们认真思考它时,
07:47
we're sort分类 of just like bags包装袋 of fluids流体
and some weird奇怪的 tissues组织
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我们也不过是皮包着骨头的
生物罢了——薄薄的皮肤
07:52
surrounded包围 by a thin layer of skin皮肤.
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包裹着液体和奇怪的组织。
07:56
And to a certain某些 extent程度,
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在有些情况下,
07:58
multiple times a day, whether是否
consciously自觉 or subconsciously下意识,
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有意或无意间,我需要
在一天中多次提醒自己
08:02
I need to remind提醒 myself
not to fart publicly公然.
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不要在公众场所放屁。
(笑声)
08:06
(Laughter笑声)
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08:07
You know, we're desperately拼命 trying
to avoid避免 being存在 gross all the time,
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很显然,我们总是不顾一切地
尝试躲避恶心的东西。
08:11
so I think many许多 of us take
this kind of voyeuristic delight
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所以我认为大多数人会
将这种偷窥的愉悦
08:14
in learning学习 about gross things.
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运用到恶心的事物上。
08:16
This is certainly当然 true真正 of kids孩子;
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尤其是儿童。
在科学课堂上展示我的视频的
08:18
the number of middle中间 school学校 teachers教师
who show显示 my videos视频
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中学老师的数量
08:21
in their science科学 classes
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就是很好的证明。
08:22
is a testament遗嘱 to that.
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08:23
But I think it's totally完全 true真正
of adults成年人, too.
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但我认为这个观点也适用于成人。
08:26
You know, I think we all love
hearing听力 about gross stories故事,
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我认为我们都
喜欢听闻恶心的故事,
08:29
because it's a socially社交上 acceptable接受 way
to explore探索 the gross side of ourselves我们自己.
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毕竟,探索我们自己恶心的一面,
在社会层面上是可以接受的。
08:36
But there's this other reason原因
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但让我觉得
谈论恶心的东西很重要,
还有着另一层原因。
08:37
that I think talking about
gross stuff东东 is so important重要.
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前不久,我制作了一个关于扁桃体结石的
视频——抱歉让大家觉得不舒服——
08:40
A while back, I made制作 a video视频
on tonsil扁桃体 stones石头 -- sorry, everyone大家 --
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508358
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08:45
which哪一个 are these balls of mucus粘液
and bacteria and food餐饮
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513538
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这些镶嵌在你们扁桃体的
粘液球,细菌和食物
味道非常难闻,
08:50
that get lodged提交 in your tonsils扁桃体
and they smell really terrible可怕,
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08:53
sometimes有时 you cough咳嗽 them up
and it's like -- it's awful可怕.
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有时候会随着咳嗽喷出来,
让人感到很恶心。
08:58
And many许多, many许多 people
have experienced有经验的 this.
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不少人都有过这样的经历。
09:00
But many许多 of the people
who have experienced有经验的 this
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但经历过这一过程的很多人,
09:04
haven't没有 really had a forum论坛
to talk about it.
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并未真正公开讨论过这个问题。
时至今日,我制作的这个视频
仍然是所有视频中最流行的一个。
09:06
And today今天, this video视频 that I made制作
is my most popular流行 video视频.
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09:10
It has millions百万 of views意见.
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有几百万的点击率。
09:12
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:15
And the comment评论 section部分 for that video视频
became成为 sort分类 of like a self-help自救 section部分,
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并且那个视频的评论区变得
有点像一个励志互助区,
人们可以谈论他们
扁桃体结石的经历,
09:20
where people could talk about
their tonsil扁桃体 stone experiences经验
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比如摆脱它们的方法和策略。
09:23
and, like, tips提示 and tricks技巧
for getting得到 rid摆脱 of them.
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09:25
And I think it became成为 this great way
for people to talk about something
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这已经成了人们敞开心扉
直面问题的绝佳途径。
09:29
that they'd他们会 never felt comfortable自在
taking服用 about publicly公然.
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能讨论诸如扁桃体结石一类
恶心的东西,确实大快人心,
09:32
And that is wonderful精彩 when it's about
something as goofy高飞 as tonsil扁桃体 stones石头,
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然而对于一个有相同影响力的视频,
09:38
but it's a little sad伤心 when a video视频
can have an effect影响 like that
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09:41
when it's about something
as common共同 as periods.
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例如月经一类的平常事物,
情况就不那么乐观了。
09:46
Last February二月, I released发布
a video视频 on menstruation经期,
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去年二月,我发布了
一个有关月经的视频,
09:49
and to this day,
I am still getting得到 messages消息
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一直到今天,我仍会收到
来自全世界人们
关于自己月经问题的留言。
09:52
from people around the globe地球
who are asking me about their periods.
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09:58
There are a lot of young年轻 people --
and some not-so-young不那么年轻 people -- out there,
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许多年轻人——还包括
年纪稍大一些的人——
担心她们身体
10:03
who are worried担心 that
what's happening事件 to their bodies身体
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出现了一些异常。
10:06
is somehow不知何故 not normal正常.
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当然,我总告诉她们我不是医学专家,
10:08
And, of course课程, I always tell them
that I am not a medical professional专业的,
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如果可能的话,她们应该去咨询医生。
10:11
and that, if possible可能,
they should talk to a doctor医生.
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10:14
But the truth真相 of the matter is
that everyone大家 should feel comfortable自在
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但事实上:所有人应该很自然地
与医生谈论她们自己的身体。
10:17
talking to a doctor医生
about their own拥有 bodies身体.
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这也是为什么我觉得
10:19
And that's why I think
it's really important重要 for us
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从年轻时开始直面恶心事物
对我们来说很重要,
10:22
to start开始 this dialogue对话 about gross stuff东东
from a pretty漂亮 early age年龄,
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这样就可以让我们的孩子们懂得:
10:25
so we can let our kids孩子 know
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应该有人关心你们的身体,
10:27
that it's alright好的 to have agency机构
over your own拥有 body身体
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10:30
and over your own拥有 health健康.
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对你们的健康负责。
10:32
There's another另一个 reason原因
that talking to your doctor医生
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与医生谈论健康和
恶心的东西很重要的
10:34
about your health健康 and gross stuff东东
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另外一个原因是,
10:36
is really, really important重要.
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10:37
Doctors医生 and the scientific科学 community社区
can only address地址 issues问题
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医生和科研人员只有了解哪里出了问题,
才能有针对性地解决这些问题。
10:41
when they know
there's something to address地址.
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当制作关于月经的视频时,我所了解的
10:44
So one of the really
interesting有趣 things I learned学到了
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一件非常有趣的事是:
10:47
while making制造 the video视频 on periods,
191
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1953
10:48
is that I was talking to this
one scientist科学家 who told me
192
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曾经有一名科学家告诉我,
10:51
there's actually其实 still a lot
we don't know about periods.
193
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我们关于月经的认知实际上还很有限。
10:56
There's a lot of basic基本 research研究
that still hasn't有没有 been doneDONE.
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许多基础研究尚未完成。
10:59
In part部分, that's just because there weren't
a lot of scientists科学家们 in the field领域
195
647966
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部分原因是,很多该领域的科学家,
尤其是女性,并未对月经表达出任何疑问。
11:04
who were women妇女, to ask questions问题 about it.
196
652607
2791
11:07
And it's also not a topic话题
that women妇女 talk about publicly公然.
197
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3452
这也不是女性们会公开讨论的话题。
11:10
So there's this gap间隙 in what we know,
198
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2307
我们在认知上的缺陷,
正是因为没人提出问题。
11:13
just because no one was there
to ask a question.
199
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2951
11:16
There's one final最后 reason原因 that I think
talking about gross stuff东东 is so important重要,
200
664998
4490
我认为谈论恶心的东西很重要,
还有最后一层原因:
11:21
and that's because you just never know
what you're going to find
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当剥开恶心的外皮时,
11:24
when you peel back all those layers
of disgustingness厌恶.
202
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你们并不知道会有什么样的发现。
11:29
So, take the California加州 brown棕色 sea hare野兔.
203
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例如加州的棕色海兔。
11:33
This is a sea slug金属块 that squirts
this lovely可爱, bright purple紫色 ink墨水
204
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3698
这是一种向捕食者喷射这种可爱,
明亮的紫色墨水的
11:37
at any creature生物 that tries尝试 to eat it.
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2087
海蛞蝓。
11:39
But it also happens发生 to be
one of the kinkiest金凯最高 creatures生物
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3632
它同时也适用于动物界中
11:43
in the animal动物 kingdom王国.
207
691199
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最扭曲的生物。
11:45
So these guys are hermaphrodites雌雄同体,
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693260
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它们就是两性生物,
11:47
which哪一个 means手段 they have both
male and female genitalia生殖器.
209
695017
3179
意味着它们兼具雌雄生殖器官。
11:50
And when it's time to mate伴侣,
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当到了交配的时期,
11:51
up to 20 individuals个人 will all get together一起
in this kind of, like, conga孔加 line线
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5325
像(古巴的)康加舞一样,
20多个个体会聚集一堂,
11:57
and they'll他们会 all mate伴侣 together一起.
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互相交配。
11:59
(Laughter笑声)
213
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1412
(笑声)
12:02
A single sea hare野兔 will inseminate授精
the partner伙伴 in front面前 of it
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单只海兔会向正前方的配偶射精,
12:06
and receive接收 sperm精子 from the one behind背后,
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2262
并接受后方的精子。
12:08
which哪一个 is sort分类 of like
an awesome真棒 time-saver省时省力,
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2387
这倒是个省时省力的好方法,
12:11
when you think about it.
217
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不妨想象一下。
(笑声)
12:12
(Laughter笑声)
218
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2115
12:16
But if scientists科学家们 had only seen看到 this
and they were like,
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但当科学家看到这个景象时,会说:
12:19
"OK, we're just not going to
touch触摸 that with a stick,"
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“好吧,还是不要去碰它们,”
12:22
they would have missed错过
the bigger thing about sea hares野兔
221
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但这样一来,他们就会错过
关于海兔更重要的
着实夺人眼球的事情。
12:25
that makes品牌 them really remarkable卓越.
222
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12:27
It turns out that these sea hares野兔
have a small number of very large neurons神经元,
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事实是:这些海兔仅有
少量的巨大神经元,
12:33
which哪一个 makes品牌 them excellent优秀
to use in neuroscience神经科学 research研究.
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这使得它们非常适合
被用于神经科学研究。
12:38
And, in fact事实, the scientist科学家 Eric埃里克 Kandel坎德尔
used them in his research研究
225
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事实上,科学家艾瑞克 · 坎德尔
将它们运用在了他的实验中,
以理解记忆是如何存储的。
12:42
to understand理解 how memories回忆 are stored存储.
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12:46
And you know what?
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大家知道吗?
12:47
He won韩元 a Nobel诺贝尔 Prize for his work.
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他还因此获得了诺贝尔奖。
12:50
So go out there and pick up beetles甲虫
and play in dirt污垢 and ask questions问题.
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所以走出家门,捡拾甲壳虫,
玩玩泥巴,并心怀好奇。
12:56
And own拥有 your fascination魅力 with gross stuff东东
and don't be ashamed羞愧 of it,
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驾驭你们对恶心事物的兴趣,不要胆怯。
13:00
because you never know
what you're going to find.
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因为你们永远不知道你会发现什么。
就像我在所有视频的结尾说的:
13:02
And as I say at the end结束 of all my videos视频,
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13:05
"Ewew."
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“好恶心哦!”
谢谢。
13:07
Thank you.
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13:08
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Homer Li
Reviewed by Yinchun Rui

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Rothschild - Science journalist
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart.

Why you should listen

Anna Rothschild combines whimsical writing with painting, collage and digital animation to bring her stories to life. She is currently at the Washington Post, where she directs and hosts the series Anna's Science Magic Show Hooray! The show explores science questions like "Why do we have butts?" or "Why is blood red?" and Rothschild regularly answers questions submitted by the audience. She is also the creator of the YouTube series Gross Science for NOVA and PBS Digital Studios. Rothschild has won multiple awards for her work, including the 2016 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award for Children's Science News. She has an MA in science journalism from New York University and a BA in biology from Brown University.

More profile about the speaker
Anna Rothschild | Speaker | TED.com