TEDxMidAtlantic
Anna Rothschild: Why you should love gross science
アンナ・ロスチャイルド: 気持ちの悪い科学をなぜ好むべきか
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生命のネバネバした、臭い面から何を学べるでしょうか。この遊び心に溢れた講演では科学ジャーナリスト、アンナ・ロスチャイルドが「気持ちの悪いもの」に隠れている秘密を解き明かし、自然、医学、テクノロジーのグロテスクな面を避けてしまうと、健康や世界に関する重要な知識を見逃してしまう理由を説明してくれます。「生命の気持ちの悪い部分を探ると思いもよらない発見があり、意外なところに美しささえある」と、ロスチャイルドは言います。
Anna Rothschild - Science journalist
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart. Full bio
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Did you know that one
of the first fertility drugs
of the first fertility drugs
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ご存知でしたか？
初期の排卵誘発剤は
初期の排卵誘発剤は
00:16
was made from the pee of Catholic nuns,
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カトリックの修道女の
尿から作られていて
尿から作られていて
00:21
and that even the Pope got involved?
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教皇も関わっていたんです
00:24
So, this is totally true.
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本当の話です
00:25
Back in the 1950s, scientists knew
that when women enter menopause,
that when women enter menopause,
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1950年代の科学者は
女性が更年期に達すると
女性が更年期に達すると
00:31
they start releasing high levels
of fertility hormones in their urine.
of fertility hormones in their urine.
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排卵誘発ホルモンが
尿にたくさん出ると分かっていました
尿にたくさん出ると分かっていました
00:36
But there was this doctor
named Bruno Lunenfeld,
named Bruno Lunenfeld,
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ブルーノ・ルーネンフェルドという医者は
00:39
who wondered if he could actually
isolate those hormones from the urine
isolate those hormones from the urine
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そのホルモンを尿から分離して
妊娠しなくて困ってる女性を
妊娠しなくて困ってる女性を
00:43
and use it to help women
who are having trouble getting pregnant.
who are having trouble getting pregnant.
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助けられないか と考えました
00:46
Obviously, the problem with this
was that in order to test this idea,
was that in order to test this idea,
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しかし まず実験を始めるには
00:50
he needed a lot of pee from older women.
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高齢女性の尿が多量に必要でした
00:55
And that is not an easy thing to find.
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それは簡単に手に入るものではありません
00:57
So he and his colleagues
got special permission from the Pope
got special permission from the Pope
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そこで彼は同僚と共に
高齢の修道女 数百人から
高齢の修道女 数百人から
01:03
to collect gallons and gallons of urine
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尿を何十リットルも採集する
特別な許可を
特別な許可を
01:07
from hundreds of older Catholic nuns.
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教皇からもらいました
01:11
And in doing so,
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彼はこうして
01:13
he actually isolated hormones
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現在まで排卵誘発に使われている
01:15
that are still used to help women
get pregnant today,
get pregnant today,
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ホルモンを分離しました
01:18
though now, they can be
synthesized in a lab,
synthesized in a lab,
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現在は研究室で合成できるので
01:21
and gallons of pee aren't necessary.
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何十リットルもの尿は不要です
01:24
So why am I standing up here,
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さて 私はなぜここで
01:26
telling this wonderfully
intellectual audience about nun pee?
intellectual audience about nun pee?
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素晴らしく知的な聴衆の前で
修道女の尿の話なんかするのでしょうか
修道女の尿の話なんかするのでしょうか
01:33
Well, I'm a science journalist
and multimedia producer,
and multimedia producer,
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私は気持ちの悪いものに
いつでも興味津々の
いつでも興味津々の
01:36
who has always been
fascinated by gross stuff.
fascinated by gross stuff.
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科学ジャーナリスト兼
マルチメディアプロデューサーです
マルチメディアプロデューサーです
01:41
So fascinated, in fact,
that I started a weekly YouTube series
that I started a weekly YouTube series
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それが高じて
『Gross Science (気持ち悪い科学)』という
『Gross Science (気持ち悪い科学)』という
01:45
called "Gross Science,"
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週１の番組をYouTubeで始めました
01:46
all about the slimy, smelly,
creepy underbelly
creepy underbelly
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テーマは 自然 医学 テクノロジーの
01:51
of nature, medicine and technology.
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ネバネバして臭くてゾッとする話です
01:54
Now, I think most of us would agree
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大半の人は
01:56
that there's something
a little gross about pee.
a little gross about pee.
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尿はちょっと気持ち悪いと
言いますよね
言いますよね
01:59
You know, it's something
that we don't really like to talk about,
that we don't really like to talk about,
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尿について会話はしないし
02:02
and we keep the act
of doing it very private.
of doing it very private.
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排尿にはプライバシーが必要ですね
02:05
But when Lunenfeld
peered into the world of pee,
peered into the world of pee,
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しかしルーネンフェルドは
尿の世界を覗くことで
尿の世界を覗くことで
02:09
he discovered something
deeply helpful to humanity.
deeply helpful to humanity.
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人類にとても役立つ発見をしました
02:12
And after a year and a half
of making my show,
of making my show,
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１年半番組をやって
わかったのは
わかったのは
02:16
I can tell you that very often
when we explore the gross side of life,
when we explore the gross side of life,
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生命の気持ちの悪い部分を探ると
02:21
we find insights that we never
would have thought we'd find,
would have thought we'd find,
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思いもよらない発見があり
02:24
and we even often reveal beauty
that we didn't think was there.
that we didn't think was there.
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意外なところに美しささえ
あるということです
あるということです
02:28
I think it's important for us to talk
about gross things for a few reasons.
about gross things for a few reasons.
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気持ち悪いものについて
話すことは大切です
話すことは大切です
02:33
So, first of all,
talking about gross stuff
talking about gross stuff
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その第１の理由は
02:35
is a great tool for education,
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教育に役立ち
02:38
and it's an excellent way
to preserve curiosity.
to preserve curiosity.
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興味を持続させる
最高の方法だという点です
最高の方法だという点です
02:42
To explain what I mean,
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例をあげましょう
02:43
why don't I tell you a little bit
about what I was like as a child?
about what I was like as a child?
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私が子供の頃のことです
02:48
So, I was what you might call a gross kid.
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私は気持ち悪い子供だったかもしれません
02:53
In fact, my love of science itself
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私が科学に情熱を
注ぐようになったきっかけは
注ぐようになったきっかけは
02:56
began when my parents bought me
a slime chemistry set
a slime chemistry set
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両親が買ってくれた
スライム化学キットです
スライム化学キットです
02:59
and was then only enhanced
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その興味が深まったのは
03:02
by doing gross experiments
in my sixth-grade biology class.
in my sixth-grade biology class.
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６年生の生物学の授業でやった
気持ち悪い実験のおかげです
気持ち悪い実験のおかげです
03:05
We did things like, we swabbed
surfaces around our classroom
surfaces around our classroom
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教室中から表面をこすって
03:10
and cultured the bacteria we'd collected,
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集めた細菌を培養したり
03:13
and we dissected owl pellets,
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フクロウが吐き出す 不消化物の入った
03:15
which are these balls of material
that are undigested that owls barf up,
that are undigested that owls barf up,
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ペレットを調べたりなど
03:20
and it's really kind of gross
and awesome and cool.
and awesome and cool.
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気持ち悪かったけれど
とても面白かったものです
とても面白かったものです
03:24
Now, the fact that I was obsessed
with gross stuff as a kid
with gross stuff as a kid
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子供時代の私が
気持ち悪い物に興味を持っていたのは
気持ち悪い物に興味を持っていたのは
03:27
is not so revolutionary.
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そんなに不思議ではありません
03:28
You know, lots of kids
are really into gross things,
are really into gross things,
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子供はたいてい気持ち悪いものが好きです
03:31
like playing in dirt or collecting beetles
or eating their boogers.
or eating their boogers.
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泥遊びや虫集め
鼻くそも食べたりします
鼻くそも食べたりします
03:36
And why is that?
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なぜでしょう？
03:38
I think really little kids
are like little explorers.
are like little explorers.
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幼い子供は小さな探検家だと
私は思います
私は思います
03:42
They just want to experience
as much as they can
as much as they can
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色々なことを経験したいので
03:45
and don't have any idea
about the relative acceptability
about the relative acceptability
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テントウムシを触るのと
カメムシを触るのでは
カメムシを触るのでは
03:49
of touching a ladybug versus a stinkbug.
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どっちがマシかなんて
考えません
考えません
03:52
They just want to understand
how everything works
how everything works
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ただ あらゆるものの仕組みを理解したい
03:55
and experience as much
of life as they can.
of life as they can.
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ひたすら人生を経験したいと
思っているだけです
思っているだけです
03:57
And that is pure curiosity.
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純粋な好奇心ですね
04:00
But then adults step in,
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しかしそこで大人は
04:02
and we tell kids not to pick their noses
and not to touch the slugs or toads
and not to touch the slugs or toads
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鼻ほじったらダメ
ナメクジやカエルなど
ナメクジやカエルなど
04:07
or whatever else they find
in the backyard,
in the backyard,
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裏庭で見つけたものを
触ったらダメ
触ったらダメ
04:09
because those things are gross.
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気持ち悪いから
などと言います
などと言います
04:11
And we do that in part
to keep kids safe, right?
to keep kids safe, right?
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安全性を考えて言ってるんですよね？
04:14
Like, maybe picking
your nose spreads germs
your nose spreads germs
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鼻をほじったらバイ菌が広がるし
04:17
and maybe touching that toad
will give you warts,
will give you warts,
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カエルに触ったらイボが出来るかもしれない
04:21
even though I don't
actually think that's true.
actually think that's true.
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まあ それは嘘だと思いますけど
04:23
You should feel free to touch
as many toads as you want.
as many toads as you want.
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カエルは好きなだけ触ってください
04:27
So at a certain point,
when kids get a little bit older,
when kids get a little bit older,
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子供が大きくなるにつれて
04:30
there's this way
that engaging with gross stuff
that engaging with gross stuff
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気持ち悪いものに触れるのは
04:33
isn't just about curiosity,
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好奇心だけではなく
04:34
it's also about, sort of,
finding out where the limits are,
finding out where the limits are,
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何が良くて何がダメかを
04:37
pushing the boundaries of what's OK.
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探る方法でもあります
04:40
So, lots of kids of a certain age
will have burping competitions
will have burping competitions
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子供は一定の年齢になると
よくゲップ対決や
よくゲップ対決や
04:44
or competitions to see
who can make the grossest face.
who can make the grossest face.
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変顔対決をします
04:48
And they do that in part because
it's a little bit transgressive, right?
it's a little bit transgressive, right?
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これはダメだからやりたがるんでしょうね
04:52
But there's another layer
to why we define stuff as gross.
to why we define stuff as gross.
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ただ 私たちが何かを気持ち悪いと
思うのには別の理由があります
思うのには別の理由があります
04:56
As humans, we've sort of extended
the concept of disgust to morality.
the concept of disgust to morality.
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嫌悪感が道徳観に
結びついているからです
結びついているからです
05:03
So, the psychologist Paul Rozin would say
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心理学者ポール・ロジンによると
05:06
that many of the things
we categorize as gross
we categorize as gross
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気持ち悪いものの多くは
05:09
are things that reminds us
that we're just animals.
that we're just animals.
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人間が動物に過ぎないことを
思い出させるものです
思い出させるものです
05:13
These are things like
bodily fluids and sex
bodily fluids and sex
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例えば体液やセックス
05:17
and physical abnormalities and death.
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身体の異常や 死
05:21
And the idea that we're just animals
can be really unsettling,
can be really unsettling,
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私たちが動物に過ぎないと考えると
不安になることがあります
不安になることがあります
05:25
because it can be this reminder
of our own mortality.
of our own mortality.
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自分もいずれ死ぬことに
気付かされるからです
気付かされるからです
05:29
And that can leave many of us
with this deep existential angst.
with this deep existential angst.
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そういう考えは心配や恐怖に
つながるかもしれません
つながるかもしれません
05:34
Rozin would say that there's this way
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ロジンによると
05:36
in which disgust
and the avoidance of gross things
and the avoidance of gross things
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気持ち悪いものを避けることは
05:41
becomes not just a way
to protect our bodies,
to protect our bodies,
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肉体を守るだけでなく
05:44
it becomes a way to protect our souls.
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精神も守ることになります
05:48
I think at a certain point,
kids really begin to internalize
kids really begin to internalize
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子供は ある時期に
気持ち悪いものと
気持ち悪いものと
05:51
this link between
disgusting things and immorality.
disgusting things and immorality.
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不道徳性との繋がりに
気付きはじめるのでしょう
気付きはじめるのでしょう
05:55
And while I don't have any concrete data
to back up this next idea,
to back up this next idea,
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証拠はありませんが
06:01
I think that for a lot of us,
it happens around the time we hit puberty.
it happens around the time we hit puberty.
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思春期頃にこれに気付くと思います
06:07
And you know -- yeah, I know.
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[思春期の私]
えっと
えっと
06:11
So during puberty,
our bodies are changing,
our bodies are changing,
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思春期には体の変化がおこります
06:14
and we're sweating more,
and girls get their periods,
and girls get their periods,
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もっとたくさん汗をかき
女子は生理が始まります
女子は生理が始まります
06:18
and we're thinking about sex
in this way that we never did before.
in this way that we never did before.
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セックスについても
以前と変わった考え方をします
以前と変わった考え方をします
06:21
And through the human capacity
for abstraction,
for abstraction,
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抽象的な思考という
人間の能力のせいで
人間の能力のせいで
06:24
this shame can settle in.
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恥ずかしくなってきます
06:27
So we don't necessarily just think,
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私たちは
06:29
"Oh, my goodness, something
really gross is happening to my body!"
really gross is happening to my body!"
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「気持ち悪いことが
私の体に起こってる！」とは考えず
私の体に起こってる！」とは考えず
06:32
We think, "Oh my God, maybe I'm gross.
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「わ！私は気持ち悪いのかも—
06:36
And maybe that means that there's
something bad or wrong about me."
something bad or wrong about me."
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と言うことは 私が悪いのか
おかしいのかも」と思ってしまいます
おかしいのかも」と思ってしまいます
06:41
The thing is, that if you de facto
associate gross stuff with immorality,
associate gross stuff with immorality,
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気持ち悪さと不道徳を関連させると
06:46
you lose a huge part of your curiosity,
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好奇心の大部分を失ってしまいます
06:49
because there is so much
out there in the world
out there in the world
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世界にはちょっと気持ち悪いものが
06:52
that is a little bit gross.
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いっぱいあるんですから
06:53
Like, think about going
for a walk in the woods.
for a walk in the woods.
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例えば森での散歩
06:56
You could just pay attention
to the birds and the trees and the flowers
to the birds and the trees and the flowers
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鳥や木や花だけ注目すれば
07:00
and that would be fine,
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とても綺麗ですけど
07:01
but in my view, you'd be missing
a bigger and more awesome picture
a bigger and more awesome picture
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それだけじゃ地球上の生命の
素晴らしい全体像を見失ってしまうと
素晴らしい全体像を見失ってしまうと
07:06
of life on this planet.
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私は思います
07:08
There are cycles of decay
that are driving forest growth,
that are driving forest growth,
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森林の成長に役立つ
腐敗の循環があります
腐敗の循環があります
07:11
and there are networks of fungus
beneath your feet
beneath your feet
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足の下には真菌類が網状に広がり
07:14
that are connecting literally
all of the plants around you.
all of the plants around you.
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周りの植物全てに繋がっています
07:17
That's really amazing.
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本当にすごいですよ
07:19
So I feel like we should be talking
about gross stuff early and often
about gross stuff early and often
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ですから気持ち悪いものについて
子供や若者と 早い時期に ひんぱんに
子供や若者と 早い時期に ひんぱんに
07:23
with young people,
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話し合うべきでしょう
07:24
so they feel like they're actually
allowed to claim this bigger picture
allowed to claim this bigger picture
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そうすれば 子供は
地球上の生命の全体像を見てもいいんだと
地球上の生命の全体像を見てもいいんだと
07:27
of life on our planet.
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感じるんです
07:30
The good news is that for many of us,
the fascination with gross stuff
the fascination with gross stuff
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愉快な事に 大半の人は
気持ち悪いものに対する興味を
気持ち悪いものに対する興味を
07:34
doesn't exactly go away,
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失いません
07:36
we just kind of pretend
like it's not there.
like it's not there.
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そんなものないという
フリをしているだけです
フリをしているだけです
07:38
But truthfully, we all spend
sort of a big part of our lives
sort of a big part of our lives
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実際は人生の大半は
自分が気持ち悪くないように
自分が気持ち悪くないように
07:43
just trying not to be gross.
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頑張っています
07:45
When you really think about it,
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考えてみれば
07:47
we're sort of just like bags of fluids
and some weird tissues
and some weird tissues
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人体は液体や変な組織の集まりで
07:52
surrounded by a thin layer of skin.
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薄い皮で覆われているだけです
07:56
And to a certain extent,
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私は毎日数回
07:58
multiple times a day, whether
consciously or subconsciously,
consciously or subconsciously,
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意識的にも無意識的にも
08:02
I need to remind myself
not to fart publicly.
not to fart publicly.
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公共の場ではオナラをするなと
自分に言い聞かせています
自分に言い聞かせています
08:06
(Laughter)
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（笑）
08:07
You know, we're desperately trying
to avoid being gross all the time,
to avoid being gross all the time,
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人間はいつも気持ち悪くならないように
努力しているんです
努力しているんです
08:11
so I think many of us take
this kind of voyeuristic delight
this kind of voyeuristic delight
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だから 私たちの多くは
気持ち悪いものを学ぶことに
気持ち悪いものを学ぶことに
08:14
in learning about gross things.
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のぞき見的な喜びを感じるんでしょう
08:16
This is certainly true of kids;
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特に子供はそうですね
08:18
the number of middle school teachers
who show my videos
who show my videos
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私のビデオを科学の授業で見せる
08:21
in their science classes
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数多くの中学校教師が
08:22
is a testament to that.
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その証拠でしょう
08:23
But I think it's totally true
of adults, too.
of adults, too.
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でも大人もそうだと思います
08:26
You know, I think we all love
hearing about gross stories,
hearing about gross stories,
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気持ち悪い話を聞くのは皆好きです
08:29
because it's a socially acceptable way
to explore the gross side of ourselves.
to explore the gross side of ourselves.
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人間の気持ち悪い面を
探索することが出来るからです
探索することが出来るからです
08:36
But there's this other reason
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もう１つ
08:37
that I think talking about
gross stuff is so important.
gross stuff is so important.
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気持ち悪いことについて話すのは
重要なことです
重要なことです
08:40
A while back, I made a video
on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone --
on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone --
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以前ノウセンについてビデオを作りました
ごめんなさい 皆さん
ごめんなさい 皆さん
08:45
which are these balls of mucus
and bacteria and food
and bacteria and food
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ノウセンとは扁桃に詰まる粘液や
細菌や食べ物のかたまりです
細菌や食べ物のかたまりです
08:50
that get lodged in your tonsils
and they smell really terrible,
and they smell really terrible,
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とても臭いです
08:53
sometimes you cough them up
and it's like -- it's awful.
and it's like -- it's awful.
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たまに咳と一緒に出ることもあり
結構ひどい臭いです
結構ひどい臭いです
08:58
And many, many people
have experienced this.
have experienced this.
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多くの人は経験しています
09:00
But many of the people
who have experienced this
who have experienced this
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しかし経験した人は
09:04
haven't really had a forum
to talk about it.
to talk about it.
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それについて話せる場がありません
09:06
And today, this video that I made
is my most popular video.
is my most popular video.
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現在このビデオは私の作ったビデオの中で
一番人気です
一番人気です
09:10
It has millions of views.
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何百万もの視聴回数です
09:12
(Laughter)
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（笑）
09:15
And the comment section for that video
became sort of like a self-help section,
became sort of like a self-help section,
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このビデオのコメントコーナーは
09:20
where people could talk about
their tonsil stone experiences
their tonsil stone experiences
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自分のノウセンの経験や
取り除くコツやヒントなどの
取り除くコツやヒントなどの
09:23
and, like, tips and tricks
for getting rid of them.
for getting rid of them.
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相談コーナーになりました
09:25
And I think it became this great way
for people to talk about something
for people to talk about something
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こういった形で
以前は話しづらかった事について
以前は話しづらかった事について
09:29
that they'd never felt comfortable
taking about publicly.
taking about publicly.
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気兼ねなく相談できるようになりました
09:32
And that is wonderful when it's about
something as goofy as tonsil stones,
something as goofy as tonsil stones,
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それがノウセンのような
間抜けたものならいいんですが
間抜けたものならいいんですが
09:38
but it's a little sad when a video
can have an effect like that
can have an effect like that
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生理のような普通な事についての
ビデオで同じような事が起こると
ビデオで同じような事が起こると
09:41
when it's about something
as common as periods.
as common as periods.
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ちょっと悲しいですね
09:46
Last February, I released
a video on menstruation,
a video on menstruation,
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２月に生理についてのビデオを
アップロードしました
アップロードしました
09:49
and to this day,
I am still getting messages
I am still getting messages
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今でも世界中からメッセージが来ます
09:52
from people around the globe
who are asking me about their periods.
who are asking me about their periods.
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生理についての質問ばかりです
09:58
There are a lot of young people --
and some not-so-young people -- out there,
and some not-so-young people -- out there,
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若者やそう若くない人でも
10:03
who are worried that
what's happening to their bodies
what's happening to their bodies
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自分の体に起こってる事が異常じゃないか
10:06
is somehow not normal.
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心配している人が多いです
10:08
And, of course, I always tell them
that I am not a medical professional,
that I am not a medical professional,
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もちろん私は医者ではないので
10:11
and that, if possible,
they should talk to a doctor.
they should talk to a doctor.
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出来れば医者に相談するように
と答えます
と答えます
10:14
But the truth of the matter is
that everyone should feel comfortable
that everyone should feel comfortable
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理想は皆
自分の体について気兼ねなく
自分の体について気兼ねなく
10:17
talking to a doctor
about their own bodies.
about their own bodies.
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医者と相談できるようにすべきです
10:19
And that's why I think
it's really important for us
it's really important for us
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ですから
若い頃から気持ち悪いものについての
若い頃から気持ち悪いものについての
10:22
to start this dialogue about gross stuff
from a pretty early age,
from a pretty early age,
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対話を始めるのが重要です
10:25
so we can let our kids know
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そうすれば
10:27
that it's alright to have agency
over your own body
over your own body
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自分の身体や健康について
決定権をもってもいいと
決定権をもってもいいと
10:30
and over your own health.
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子供達に教育できます
10:32
There's another reason
that talking to your doctor
that talking to your doctor
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健康や気持ち悪い事について
医者に話すことが大切な理由は
医者に話すことが大切な理由は
10:34
about your health and gross stuff
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10:36
is really, really important.
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もう１つあります
10:37
Doctors and the scientific community
can only address issues
can only address issues
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医者や科学界が
問題を解決するには
問題を解決するには
10:41
when they know
there's something to address.
there's something to address.
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まず問題があると知らなくてはいけません
10:44
So one of the really
interesting things I learned
interesting things I learned
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生理についてのビデオを作って
10:47
while making the video on periods,
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科学者と話して知ったのは
10:48
is that I was talking to this
one scientist who told me
one scientist who told me
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生理について知らない事が
10:51
there's actually still a lot
we don't know about periods.
we don't know about periods.
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まだ沢山あるということです
10:56
There's a lot of basic research
that still hasn't been done.
that still hasn't been done.
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まだ行われていない
基礎的研究も多く残っています
基礎的研究も多く残っています
10:59
In part, that's just because there weren't
a lot of scientists in the field
a lot of scientists in the field
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生理に疑問を持つ科学者 つまり
女性科学者が少ないからというのも
女性科学者が少ないからというのも
11:04
who were women, to ask questions about it.
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理由の１つです
11:07
And it's also not a topic
that women talk about publicly.
that women talk about publicly.
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公共の場で話せる話題ではない
という事もあります
という事もあります
11:10
So there's this gap in what we know,
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つまり私たちが情報不足なのは
11:13
just because no one was there
to ask a question.
to ask a question.
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疑問を持つ人がいないからです
11:16
There's one final reason that I think
talking about gross stuff is so important,
talking about gross stuff is so important,
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最後にもう１つ気持ち悪い事について話すのが
なぜ重要か
なぜ重要か
11:21
and that's because you just never know
what you're going to find
what you're going to find
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気持ち悪さを覗いてみないと
11:24
when you peel back all those layers
of disgustingness.
of disgustingness.
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その裏に隠れているものを発見できません
11:29
So, take the California brown sea hare.
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カリフォルニアのジャンボアメフラシを
例に挙げましょう
例に挙げましょう
11:33
This is a sea slug that squirts
this lovely, bright purple ink
this lovely, bright purple ink
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紫色の色素を天敵に放出する
11:37
at any creature that tries to eat it.
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ウミウシの仲間です
11:39
But it also happens to be
one of the kinkiest creatures
one of the kinkiest creatures
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動物界で最も性欲旺盛な生き物でもあります
11:43
in the animal kingdom.
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11:45
So these guys are hermaphrodites,
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彼らは両性動物です
11:47
which means they have both
male and female genitalia.
male and female genitalia.
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オス メスの両性器を持っています
11:50
And when it's time to mate,
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繁殖期は
11:51
up to 20 individuals will all get together
in this kind of, like, conga line
in this kind of, like, conga line
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多い時には１列に20匹も並んで
11:57
and they'll all mate together.
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一緒に交尾します
11:59
(Laughter)
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1412
（笑）
12:02
A single sea hare will inseminate
the partner in front of it
the partner in front of it
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前のアメフラシを受精させ
12:06
and receive sperm from the one behind,
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後ろからは精子をもらいます
12:08
which is sort of like
an awesome time-saver,
an awesome time-saver,
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考えてみれば
12:11
when you think about it.
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とても効率的ですね
12:12
(Laughter)
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（笑）
12:16
But if scientists had only seen this
and they were like,
and they were like,
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でも科学者がこれを見て
12:19
"OK, we're just not going to
touch that with a stick,"
touch that with a stick,"
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「こいつは研究しないでおこう」
なんて言ってしまっていたら
なんて言ってしまっていたら
12:22
they would have missed
the bigger thing about sea hares
the bigger thing about sea hares
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アメフラシの一番すごいところを
12:25
that makes them really remarkable.
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発見することは無かったでしょう
12:27
It turns out that these sea hares
have a small number of very large neurons,
have a small number of very large neurons,
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アメフラシは少数の
とても大きい神経細胞を持っています
とても大きい神経細胞を持っています
12:33
which makes them excellent
to use in neuroscience research.
to use in neuroscience research.
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これは神経科学の研究にとても
役に立ちます
役に立ちます
12:38
And, in fact, the scientist Eric Kandel
used them in his research
used them in his research
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科学者のエリック・カンデルは
それを用いて
それを用いて
12:42
to understand how memories are stored.
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記憶がどう脳に収納されるか発見しました
12:46
And you know what?
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その後どうなったと思います？
12:47
He won a Nobel Prize for his work.
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その研究でノーベル賞を受賞しました
12:50
So go out there and pick up beetles
and play in dirt and ask questions.
and play in dirt and ask questions.
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だから ぜひ外に出て虫を捕まえ
泥遊びをして 疑問を抱いてください
泥遊びをして 疑問を抱いてください
12:56
And own your fascination with gross stuff
and don't be ashamed of it,
and don't be ashamed of it,
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そして恥ずかしがらずに
気持ち悪いものに興味を持ってください
気持ち悪いものに興味を持ってください
13:00
because you never know
what you're going to find.
what you're going to find.
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面白い発見が出来るかもしれません
13:02
And as I say at the end of all my videos,
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私がいつもビデオで使う
締めの言葉で終わりましょう
締めの言葉で終わりましょう
13:05
"Ew."
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「キモい」
13:07
Thank you.
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ありがとうございました
13:08
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Rothschild - Science journalistAnna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart.
Why you should listen
Anna Rothschild combines whimsical writing with painting, collage and digital animation to bring her stories to life. She is currently at the Washington Post, where she directs and hosts the series Anna's Science Magic Show Hooray! The show explores science questions like "Why do we have butts?" or "Why is blood red?" and Rothschild regularly answers questions submitted by the audience. She is also the creator of the YouTube series Gross Science for NOVA and PBS Digital Studios. Rothschild has won multiple awards for her work, including the 2016 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award for Children's Science News. She has an MA in science journalism from New York University and a BA in biology from Brown University.
Anna Rothschild | Speaker | TED.com