TEDxMidAtlantic
Anna Rothschild: Why you should love gross science
安娜‧羅斯柴爾德: 為何要熱愛粗鄙的科學
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我們能否向生活中黏滑的和有臭味的地方學習？在這場有趣的談話中，科學記者安娜‧羅斯柴爾德，向我們展示了「粗鄙的東西」隱藏的智慧，並解釋為要避開自然、醫學和技術中那些令人毛骨悚然的低俗事物，會阻礙我們得著重要的健康和世界知識的來源。羅斯柴爾德說：「當我們探索生活中的粗鄙時，我們會得出從未想到的見解，甚至我們經常會發見那些認為不存在的美。」
Anna Rothschild - Science journalist
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart. Full bio
Anna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Did you know that one
of the first fertility drugs
of the first fertility drugs
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你知道嗎？最早的生育藥物之一
00:16
was made from the pee of Catholic nuns,
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是由天主教修女的小便所製成的，
00:21
and that even the Pope got involved?
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甚至教皇也參與其中？
00:24
So, this is totally true.
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這是事實。
00:25
Back in the 1950s, scientists knew
that when women enter menopause,
that when women enter menopause,
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回到 1950 年代，
科學家們知道當女性進入更年期時，
科學家們知道當女性進入更年期時，
00:31
they start releasing high levels
of fertility hormones in their urine.
of fertility hormones in their urine.
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她們釋放出高水平的
生育激素到尿液中。
生育激素到尿液中。
有位布魯諾‧盧恩費爾德醫生，
00:36
But there was this doctor
named Bruno Lunenfeld,
named Bruno Lunenfeld,
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想知道可否從尿液中萃取激素，
00:39
who wondered if he could actually
isolate those hormones from the urine
isolate those hormones from the urine
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00:43
and use it to help women
who are having trouble getting pregnant.
who are having trouble getting pregnant.
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去幫助那些無法懷孕的婦女。
顯然問題是，為了測試這個想法，
00:46
Obviously, the problem with this
was that in order to test this idea,
was that in order to test this idea,
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00:50
he needed a lot of pee from older women.
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他需要很多老年婦女的尿尿。
那是不容易找到的。
00:55
And that is not an easy thing to find.
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00:57
So he and his colleagues
got special permission from the Pope
got special permission from the Pope
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所以他與同事們
得到了教皇的特別許可，
得到了教皇的特別許可，
01:03
to collect gallons and gallons of urine
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收集數百名天主教
老修女的大量尿液，
老修女的大量尿液，
01:07
from hundreds of older Catholic nuns.
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01:11
And in doing so,
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就這樣做，
01:13
he actually isolated hormones
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他真的分隔出荷爾蒙，
01:15
that are still used to help women
get pregnant today,
get pregnant today,
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仍在今天被用來幫助女性懷孕，
雖然它們現在可以在實驗室中合成，
01:18
though now, they can be
synthesized in a lab,
synthesized in a lab,
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01:21
and gallons of pee aren't necessary.
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和沒有必要再用大量的小便。
01:24
So why am I standing up here,
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那我為什麼站在這裡呢？
01:26
telling this wonderfully
intellectual audience about nun pee?
intellectual audience about nun pee?
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告訴你們這群很棒的知識分子
關於修女尿尿的事情？
關於修女尿尿的事情？
01:33
Well, I'm a science journalist
and multimedia producer,
and multimedia producer,
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好吧，我是一名科學記者
和多媒體製作人，
和多媒體製作人，
總是著迷於粗鄙的東西。
01:36
who has always been
fascinated by gross stuff.
fascinated by gross stuff.
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因此我開始每週製作
一段 YouTube 系列的影片，
一段 YouTube 系列的影片，
01:41
So fascinated, in fact,
that I started a weekly YouTube series
that I started a weekly YouTube series
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01:45
called "Gross Science,"
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稱為「粗鄙的科學」。
01:46
all about the slimy, smelly,
creepy underbelly
creepy underbelly
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有關於黏稠、有臭味，
令人毛骨悚然的下腹部的
令人毛骨悚然的下腹部的
自然、醫學和技術。
01:51
of nature, medicine and technology.
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01:54
Now, I think most of us would agree
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我們大多數人會同意
01:56
that there's something
a little gross about pee.
a little gross about pee.
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小便是有些粗鄙。
01:59
You know, it's something
that we don't really like to talk about,
that we don't really like to talk about,
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是我們不想談論的
私密行為。
02:02
and we keep the act
of doing it very private.
of doing it very private.
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02:05
But when Lunenfeld
peered into the world of pee,
peered into the world of pee,
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但當盧恩費爾德醫生凝視小便時，
02:09
he discovered something
deeply helpful to humanity.
deeply helpful to humanity.
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他發現了一些對人類
有深遠幫助的東西。
有深遠幫助的東西。
在我製作 Youtube 影片
一年半之後，
一年半之後，
02:12
And after a year and a half
of making my show,
of making my show,
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我確定探索粗鄙的生活這方面時，
02:16
I can tell you that very often
when we explore the gross side of life,
when we explore the gross side of life,
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02:21
we find insights that we never
would have thought we'd find,
would have thought we'd find,
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會找到我們從未想過的見解，
02:24
and we even often reveal beauty
that we didn't think was there.
that we didn't think was there.
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甚至揭示我們從未想到的美。
02:28
I think it's important for us to talk
about gross things for a few reasons.
about gross things for a few reasons.
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基於某些原因，談論粗鄙的事情
對我們來說很重要。
對我們來說很重要。
首先，談論粗鄙的東西
02:33
So, first of all,
talking about gross stuff
talking about gross stuff
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02:35
is a great tool for education,
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是極佳的教育工具，
和保有好奇心的良好方法。
02:38
and it's an excellent way
to preserve curiosity.
to preserve curiosity.
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講解我的意思之前，
02:42
To explain what I mean,
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02:43
why don't I tell you a little bit
about what I was like as a child?
about what I was like as a child?
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何不先告訴你們我幼時的模樣？
02:48
So, I was what you might call a gross kid.
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我就是那種，可稱之為粗鄙的孩子。
02:53
In fact, my love of science itself
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我對科學本身的熱愛，
02:56
began when my parents bought me
a slime chemistry set
a slime chemistry set
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是由父母買了給我
一套粘液化學套裝時開始，
一套粘液化學套裝時開始，
02:59
and was then only enhanced
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然後到六年級上生物課時做的
大量實驗，增強了我的興趣。
大量實驗，增強了我的興趣。
03:02
by doing gross experiments
in my sixth-grade biology class.
in my sixth-grade biology class.
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我們在教室周圍擦拭表面，
03:05
We did things like, we swabbed
surfaces around our classroom
surfaces around our classroom
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03:10
and cultured the bacteria we'd collected,
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培養收集得來的細菌，
03:13
and we dissected owl pellets,
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我們解剖貓頭鷹的顆粒，
03:15
which are these balls of material
that are undigested that owls barf up,
that are undigested that owls barf up,
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那些都是貓頭鷹嘔吐出來
未消化的物質球，
未消化的物質球，
03:20
and it's really kind of gross
and awesome and cool.
and awesome and cool.
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是又棒又酷的。
03:24
Now, the fact that I was obsessed
with gross stuff as a kid
with gross stuff as a kid
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小時候我一直沉迷於粗鄙的事實，
並不是那麼了不起。
03:27
is not so revolutionary.
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你知道，很多孩子喜歡粗鄙的東西，
03:28
You know, lots of kids
are really into gross things,
are really into gross things,
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03:31
like playing in dirt or collecting beetles
or eating their boogers.
or eating their boogers.
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就像喜歡玩泥土、收集甲蟲
或吃他們的鼻屎。
或吃他們的鼻屎。
為什麼這樣呢？
03:36
And why is that?
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03:38
I think really little kids
are like little explorers.
are like little explorers.
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小孩子就好像小探險家。
只想盡可能多多地體驗，
03:42
They just want to experience
as much as they can
as much as they can
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他們對觸摸瓢蟲或臭蟲
可被接受的程度是一無所知。
可被接受的程度是一無所知。
03:45
and don't have any idea
about the relative acceptability
about the relative acceptability
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03:49
of touching a ladybug versus a stinkbug.
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他們只想了解一切如何運作，
03:52
They just want to understand
how everything works
how everything works
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儘可能多多體驗生活。
03:55
and experience as much
of life as they can.
of life as they can.
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03:57
And that is pure curiosity.
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這是純粹的好奇心。
但大人隨後的介入，
04:00
But then adults step in,
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告訴孩子們不要挖鼻孔，
及觸摸鼻涕蟲或蟾蜍
及觸摸鼻涕蟲或蟾蜍
04:02
and we tell kids not to pick their noses
and not to touch the slugs or toads
and not to touch the slugs or toads
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還有在後院找到的任何東西，
04:07
or whatever else they find
in the backyard,
in the backyard,
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那些東西很噁心。
04:09
because those things are gross.
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這樣做的部分原因
是為了孩子的安全，對嗎？
是為了孩子的安全，對嗎？
04:11
And we do that in part
to keep kids safe, right?
to keep kids safe, right?
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04:14
Like, maybe picking
your nose spreads germs
your nose spreads germs
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就像摳鼻子會傳入細菌，
觸摸那蟾蜍會令你生疣，
04:17
and maybe touching that toad
will give you warts,
will give you warts,
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但我不以為然，
04:21
even though I don't
actually think that's true.
actually think that's true.
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你可以隨意觸摸很多的蟾蜍。
04:23
You should feel free to touch
as many toads as you want.
as many toads as you want.
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04:27
So at a certain point,
when kids get a little bit older,
when kids get a little bit older,
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當孩子們變大一點，
04:30
there's this way
that engaging with gross stuff
that engaging with gross stuff
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他們會與粗鄙的東西為伍，
04:33
isn't just about curiosity,
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那不單是好奇心，
04:34
it's also about, sort of,
finding out where the limits are,
finding out where the limits are,
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是試圖找到他們可以觸碰的臨界點，
04:37
pushing the boundaries of what's OK.
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04:40
So, lots of kids of a certain age
will have burping competitions
will have burping competitions
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所以，很多特定年齡的孩子
會參加打嗝比賽，
會參加打嗝比賽，
或者參加最噁心的臉競爭。
04:44
or competitions to see
who can make the grossest face.
who can make the grossest face.
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04:48
And they do that in part because
it's a little bit transgressive, right?
it's a little bit transgressive, right?
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他們這樣做是有點過火了，對嗎？
但是，我們界定事物為粗鄙，
還有另一個層次。
還有另一個層次。
04:52
But there's another layer
to why we define stuff as gross.
to why we define stuff as gross.
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04:56
As humans, we've sort of extended
the concept of disgust to morality.
the concept of disgust to morality.
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人類有點將厭惡的概念擴展至道德。
05:03
So, the psychologist Paul Rozin would say
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因此，心理學家保羅‧羅津會說，
很多我們歸類為粗鄙的東西
05:06
that many of the things
we categorize as gross
we categorize as gross
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05:09
are things that reminds us
that we're just animals.
that we're just animals.
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其實提醒我們只是動物。
05:13
These are things like
bodily fluids and sex
bodily fluids and sex
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像是體液和性，
05:17
and physical abnormalities and death.
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和身體異常及死亡。
05:21
And the idea that we're just animals
can be really unsettling,
can be really unsettling,
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而我們只是動物的想法
或許令我們很不安，
或許令我們很不安，
在在提醒我們必死的命運。
05:25
because it can be this reminder
of our own mortality.
of our own mortality.
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讓許多人帶著深深的存在焦慮。
05:29
And that can leave many of us
with this deep existential angst.
with this deep existential angst.
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羅津認為這種方式
05:34
Rozin would say that there's this way
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05:36
in which disgust
and the avoidance of gross things
and the avoidance of gross things
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就會令人厭惡和避免粗鄙的事情，
不僅是保護我們的身體，
05:41
becomes not just a way
to protect our bodies,
to protect our bodies,
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也同時保護我們的靈魂。
05:44
it becomes a way to protect our souls.
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05:48
I think at a certain point,
kids really begin to internalize
kids really begin to internalize
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在某個階段，孩子們開始內在化
05:51
this link between
disgusting things and immorality.
disgusting things and immorality.
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噁心的事物與不道德之間的聯繫。
05:55
And while I don't have any concrete data
to back up this next idea,
to back up this next idea,
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雖然沒有任何數據
支持我的下一個想法，
支持我的下一個想法，
對於很多人來說，
事情發生在我們進入青春期的時候。
事情發生在我們進入青春期的時候。
06:01
I think that for a lot of us,
it happens around the time we hit puberty.
it happens around the time we hit puberty.
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06:07
And you know -- yeah, I know.
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你是知道的，我也知道。
06:11
So during puberty,
our bodies are changing,
our bodies are changing,
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在青春期，我們的身體
正在發生變化，
正在發生變化，
06:14
and we're sweating more,
and girls get their periods,
and girls get their periods,
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而且我們出汗更多，
女孩子們開始她們的月經，
女孩子們開始她們的月經，
以之前未有的方式思考「性」。
06:18
and we're thinking about sex
in this way that we never did before.
in this way that we never did before.
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06:21
And through the human capacity
for abstraction,
for abstraction,
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通過人的抽象思考能力，
可以解決恥辱感。
06:24
this shame can settle in.
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06:27
So we don't necessarily just think,
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我們未必只是想：
06:29
"Oh, my goodness, something
really gross is happening to my body!"
really gross is happening to my body!"
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「哦，天哪，我身上
發生了噁心的事！」
發生了噁心的事！」
06:32
We think, "Oh my God, maybe I'm gross.
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我們想：「噢，天哪，
也許自己很粗鄙。
也許自己很粗鄙。
06:36
And maybe that means that there's
something bad or wrong about me."
something bad or wrong about me."
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或許這意味著
我有些不好或不對勁。」
我有些不好或不對勁。」
06:41
The thing is, that if you de facto
associate gross stuff with immorality,
associate gross stuff with immorality,
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問題是，如果將事情與道德綑綁，
06:46
you lose a huge part of your curiosity,
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就棄失了大部分的好奇心，
06:49
because there is so much
out there in the world
out there in the world
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因為世界上有很多有些粗鄙的事物。
06:52
that is a little bit gross.
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06:53
Like, think about going
for a walk in the woods.
for a walk in the woods.
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比如，試想在樹林裡散步。
06:56
You could just pay attention
to the birds and the trees and the flowers
to the birds and the trees and the flowers
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你可以只關注鳥類、樹木和花朵，
07:00
and that would be fine,
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那會很好，
07:01
but in my view, you'd be missing
a bigger and more awesome picture
a bigger and more awesome picture
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但我認為，你會錯過
在這星球上更大、
更精彩的生命畫面，
更精彩的生命畫面，
07:06
of life on this planet.
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07:08
There are cycles of decay
that are driving forest growth,
that are driving forest growth,
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這裡有衰變週期
推動了森林的生長，
推動了森林的生長，
07:11
and there are networks of fungus
beneath your feet
beneath your feet
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在腳下有真菌網，
07:14
that are connecting literally
all of the plants around you.
all of the plants around you.
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連接你周圍所有的植物。
07:17
That's really amazing.
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太神奇了。
所以我們應該於早期，
經常與年輕人討論粗鄙的東西，
經常與年輕人討論粗鄙的東西，
07:19
So I feel like we should be talking
about gross stuff early and often
about gross stuff early and often
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07:23
with young people,
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讓他們覺得他們實際上被允許
07:24
so they feel like they're actually
allowed to claim this bigger picture
allowed to claim this bigger picture
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在地球上主張更大的生活畫面。
07:27
of life on our planet.
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好消息是，我們中的許多人
對粗鄙的東西仍很著迷，
對粗鄙的東西仍很著迷，
07:30
The good news is that for many of us,
the fascination with gross stuff
the fascination with gross stuff
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並沒有消失，
07:34
doesn't exactly go away,
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07:36
we just kind of pretend
like it's not there.
like it's not there.
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只是假裝這些東西並不存在。
但說實話，我們都在生活中
度過了大部分時間，
度過了大部分時間，
07:38
But truthfully, we all spend
sort of a big part of our lives
sort of a big part of our lives
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07:43
just trying not to be gross.
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試圖盡量表現得不粗鄙。
07:45
When you really think about it,
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仔細想，
07:47
we're sort of just like bags of fluids
and some weird tissues
and some weird tissues
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我們就像
一袋流體和奇怪的組織，
07:52
surrounded by a thin layer of skin.
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周圍包著一層薄薄的皮膚。
07:56
And to a certain extent,
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在某程度上，
07:58
multiple times a day, whether
consciously or subconsciously,
consciously or subconsciously,
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每天多次，
無論有意識還是潛意識，
08:02
I need to remind myself
not to fart publicly.
not to fart publicly.
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我得提醒自己不要在公共場合放屁。
08:06
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:07
You know, we're desperately trying
to avoid being gross all the time,
to avoid being gross all the time,
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我們總是拼命避免粗鄙的狀況，
08:11
so I think many of us take
this kind of voyeuristic delight
this kind of voyeuristic delight
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但很多人傾向以偷窺般的喜悅
08:14
in learning about gross things.
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去了解粗鄙的事情。
08:16
This is certainly true of kids;
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對孩子們來說，確實如此；
08:18
the number of middle school teachers
who show my videos
who show my videos
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在科學課上展示我的影片的
中學教師的數量
中學教師的數量
08:21
in their science classes
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08:22
is a testament to that.
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就證明了這一點。
08:23
But I think it's totally true
of adults, too.
of adults, too.
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對成年人來說，也是如此。
08:26
You know, I think we all love
hearing about gross stories,
hearing about gross stories,
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我們都喜歡聽到粗鄙的事情，
08:29
because it's a socially acceptable way
to explore the gross side of ourselves.
to explore the gross side of ourselves.
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因為這是一種社會可接受的方式
來探索自己粗鄙的那一面。
但還有另外一個原因，
08:36
But there's this other reason
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08:37
that I think talking about
gross stuff is so important.
gross stuff is so important.
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談論粗鄙的東西是如此重要。
08:40
A while back, I made a video
on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone --
on tonsil stones -- sorry, everyone --
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前一陣子，我為扁桃腺結石
做了一段影片——
做了一段影片——
對不起，大家 ——
08:45
which are these balls of mucus
and bacteria and food
and bacteria and food
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這些粘液、細菌和食物的球
08:50
that get lodged in your tonsils
and they smell really terrible,
and they smell really terrible,
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滯留在扁桃腺中，聞起來很糟糕，
08:53
sometimes you cough them up
and it's like -- it's awful.
and it's like -- it's awful.
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有時你會咳嗽，就像——糟糕極了。
08:58
And many, many people
have experienced this.
have experienced this.
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許多人都經歷過這種情況。
雖然他們經歷過，
09:00
But many of the people
who have experienced this
who have experienced this
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09:04
haven't really had a forum
to talk about it.
to talk about it.
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卻沒公開討論的論壇。
到目前為止，我所製作的那支影片
09:06
And today, this video that I made
is my most popular video.
is my most popular video.
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是最受歡迎的一支。
09:10
It has millions of views.
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有數百萬的觀眾。
09:12
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:15
And the comment section for that video
became sort of like a self-help section,
became sort of like a self-help section,
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並且該影片的意見部分，
觀眾在自問自答，
觀眾在自問自答，
09:20
where people could talk about
their tonsil stone experiences
their tonsil stone experiences
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他們談論自己關於
扁桃腺結石的體驗，
扁桃腺結石的體驗，
09:23
and, like, tips and tricks
for getting rid of them.
for getting rid of them.
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並給出擺脫它們的提示和技巧。
09:25
And I think it became this great way
for people to talk about something
for people to talk about something
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而且意見平台成為人們談論
不能自在地公開談論議題的地方。
09:29
that they'd never felt comfortable
taking about publicly.
taking about publicly.
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09:32
And that is wonderful when it's about
something as goofy as tonsil stones,
something as goofy as tonsil stones,
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多美妙啊！
討論像扁桃腺結石那樣可笑的東西；
09:38
but it's a little sad when a video
can have an effect like that
can have an effect like that
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當普通如女性月經的影片播放後，
所產生的效果，令我有點兒傷心。
所產生的效果，令我有點兒傷心。
09:41
when it's about something
as common as periods.
as common as periods.
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去年二月，我發布了一個
關於女性月經的影片，
關於女性月經的影片，
09:46
Last February, I released
a video on menstruation,
a video on menstruation,
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直到今天，我仍然收到簡訊，
09:49
and to this day,
I am still getting messages
I am still getting messages
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來自世界各地的女性
問我關於她們的月經。
問我關於她們的月經。
09:52
from people around the globe
who are asking me about their periods.
who are asking me about their periods.
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09:58
There are a lot of young people --
and some not-so-young people -- out there,
and some not-so-young people -- out there,
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在意見平台有很多年輕的
和一些並不年輕的人，
和一些並不年輕的人，
10:03
who are worried that
what's happening to their bodies
what's happening to their bodies
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他們擔心自己身體有毛病，
某程度上不正常。
10:06
is somehow not normal.
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10:08
And, of course, I always tell them
that I am not a medical professional,
that I am not a medical professional,
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當然，我總是告訴他們
我不是專業醫學人士，
我不是專業醫學人士，
如果可能的話，他們應該去看醫生。
10:11
and that, if possible,
they should talk to a doctor.
they should talk to a doctor.
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10:14
But the truth of the matter is
that everyone should feel comfortable
that everyone should feel comfortable
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任何人在與醫生談論自己的身體時
都不應該感到不自在。
都不應該感到不自在。
10:17
talking to a doctor
about their own bodies.
about their own bodies.
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10:19
And that's why I think
it's really important for us
it's really important for us
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因此我認為這個問題非常嚴重。
10:22
to start this dialogue about gross stuff
from a pretty early age,
from a pretty early age,
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從小時候開始與粗鄙的東西對話，
10:25
so we can let our kids know
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可以讓我們的孩子知道，
盡可安心地將自己的身體與健康
交給醫生處理。
交給醫生處理。
10:27
that it's alright to have agency
over your own body
over your own body
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10:30
and over your own health.
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10:32
There's another reason
that talking to your doctor
that talking to your doctor
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再者與醫生交談
關於健康和那些粗鄙的東西，
10:34
about your health and gross stuff
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是很重要的。
10:36
is really, really important.
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10:37
Doctors and the scientific community
can only address issues
can only address issues
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醫生和科學界所能解決的問題，
就是當他們知道
要解決什麼問題的時候。
要解決什麼問題的時候。
10:41
when they know
there's something to address.
there's something to address.
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在製作那月經影片時，
我學到的一件非常有趣的事情，
我學到的一件非常有趣的事情，
10:44
So one of the really
interesting things I learned
interesting things I learned
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10:47
while making the video on periods,
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一位科學家告訴我，
10:48
is that I was talking to this
one scientist who told me
one scientist who told me
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10:51
there's actually still a lot
we don't know about periods.
we don't know about periods.
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對於月經，我們仍有許多未知，
還有很多基礎的研究尚未完成。
10:56
There's a lot of basic research
that still hasn't been done.
that still hasn't been done.
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10:59
In part, that's just because there weren't
a lot of scientists in the field
a lot of scientists in the field
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部分原因是在該領域的
女性科學家很少，
女性科學家很少，
就此提出的問題也相對少。
11:04
who were women, to ask questions about it.
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11:07
And it's also not a topic
that women talk about publicly.
that women talk about publicly.
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而這些也不是她們公開討論的話題。
11:10
So there's this gap in what we know,
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所以引致我們有認知的差距，
11:13
just because no one was there
to ask a question.
to ask a question.
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只因為女性沒在那裡問問題。
11:16
There's one final reason that I think
talking about gross stuff is so important,
talking about gross stuff is so important,
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還有最後和最重要的原因，
應該要談論粗鄙的東西，
11:21
and that's because you just never know
what you're going to find
what you're going to find
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因為你永遠不知道將會找到什麼，
11:24
when you peel back all those layers
of disgustingness.
of disgustingness.
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在你剝去所有
那些令人厭惡的外層後。
那些令人厭惡的外層後。
11:29
So, take the California brown sea hare.
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舉加州的棕色海兔為例。
11:33
This is a sea slug that squirts
this lovely, bright purple ink
this lovely, bright purple ink
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牠們是一種海蛞蝓，
會噴出可愛的，紫色明亮的鼻涕水，
會噴出可愛的，紫色明亮的鼻涕水，
噴向任何試圖吃牠們的生物。
11:37
at any creature that tries to eat it.
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11:39
But it also happens to be
one of the kinkiest creatures
one of the kinkiest creatures
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牠們也恰好是在動物界中
最古怪的生物之一。
最古怪的生物之一。
11:43
in the animal kingdom.
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11:45
So these guys are hermaphrodites,
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牠們是雌雄同體，
11:47
which means they have both
male and female genitalia.
male and female genitalia.
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有著男性和女性的生殖器官。
11:50
And when it's time to mate,
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交配的時候，
11:51
up to 20 individuals will all get together
in this kind of, like, conga line
in this kind of, like, conga line
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最多 20 隻海兔類似
康加線地聚集在一起，
康加線地聚集在一起，
11:57
and they'll all mate together.
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牠們會一起交配。
11:59
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
12:02
A single sea hare will inseminate
the partner in front of it
the partner in front of it
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一隻海兔會給前面的伴侶精子
並從後面的接受精子，
12:06
and receive sperm from the one behind,
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12:08
which is sort of like
an awesome time-saver,
an awesome time-saver,
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可以想成是很棒的省時方式吧。
12:11
when you think about it.
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12:12
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
12:16
But if scientists had only seen this
and they were like,
and they were like,
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如果科學家只注意到這一點，像是：
12:19
"OK, we're just not going to
touch that with a stick,"
touch that with a stick,"
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「好吧，我們可不想用棍子觸摸，」
12:22
they would have missed
the bigger thing about sea hares
the bigger thing about sea hares
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就會錯過令海兔非常了不起的事情，
12:25
that makes them really remarkable.
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12:27
It turns out that these sea hares
have a small number of very large neurons,
have a small number of very large neurons,
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事實上
牠們有少量非常大的神經元，
12:33
which makes them excellent
to use in neuroscience research.
to use in neuroscience research.
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使牠們非常適合用於神經科學研究。
12:38
And, in fact, the scientist Eric Kandel
used them in his research
used them in his research
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事實上科學家埃里克‧坎德爾
在研究中利用了這些海兔
在研究中利用了這些海兔
12:42
to understand how memories are stored.
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來了解如何存儲記憶。
12:46
And you know what?
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你知道嗎？
12:47
He won a Nobel Prize for his work.
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他的研究成果獲得了諾貝爾獎。
12:50
So go out there and pick up beetles
and play in dirt and ask questions.
and play in dirt and ask questions.
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所以去花園那裡拿起甲蟲
和玩弄泥土，並且提問；
和玩弄泥土，並且提問；
12:56
And own your fascination with gross stuff
and don't be ashamed of it,
and don't be ashamed of it,
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擁抱對粗鄙的迷戀，
也不要為此感到羞恥，
也不要為此感到羞恥，
13:00
because you never know
what you're going to find.
what you're going to find.
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因為你永遠不知道你會發現什麼。
13:02
And as I say at the end of all my videos,
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正如我在所有影片結尾時所說的，
13:05
"Ew."
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「噁心！」
13:07
Thank you.
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謝謝。
（掌聲）
13:08
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anna Rothschild - Science journalistAnna Rothschild makes videos about science for the young and the young at heart.
Why you should listen
Anna Rothschild combines whimsical writing with painting, collage and digital animation to bring her stories to life. She is currently at the Washington Post, where she directs and hosts the series Anna's Science Magic Show Hooray! The show explores science questions like "Why do we have butts?" or "Why is blood red?" and Rothschild regularly answers questions submitted by the audience. She is also the creator of the YouTube series Gross Science for NOVA and PBS Digital Studios. Rothschild has won multiple awards for her work, including the 2016 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award for Children's Science News. She has an MA in science journalism from New York University and a BA in biology from Brown University.
Anna Rothschild | Speaker | TED.com