ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rich Benjamin - Social observer
The author of "Whitopia," Rich Benjamin sharply observes modern society and politics.

Why you should listen

In his essays, book reviews and other writing, Rich Benjamin gives thoughtful commentary on the changing nature of politics and culture. For his 2009 book Whitopia, he took a 26,909-mile journey through the heart of America's whitest locales, small towns and exurbs where white populations are concentrating as America, meanwhile, becomes ever more diverse. His book asks America to imagine itself in 2042, when whites are no longer the majority. What form will diversity take?

Benjamin is a senior fellow at Demos, a multi-issue think tank, and is just completing a novel on money, loss and heterosexual melancholy.

More profile about the speaker
Rich Benjamin | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2015

Rich Benjamin: My road trip through the whitest towns in America

理查 本杰明: 去美国白种人聚集地旅行

Filmed:
2,671,409 views

随着美国变得越来越多文化,理查本杰明注意到一个现象:很多社区越来越缺乏多样性。因此他找到美国最白的几个城市,并且在那里体验生活。在这段有趣,诚恳,很有人情味儿的演讲中,他分享了作为一个黑人在白色乌托邦所学到的东西。
- Social observer
The author of "Whitopia," Rich Benjamin sharply observes modern society and politics. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Imagine想像 a place地点 where your neighbors邻居
greet迎接 your children孩子 by name名称;
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试想一下,有一个地方,邻居们可以叫得出你家小孩的名字
00:19
a place地点 with splendid灿烂 vistas景观;
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景色优美
00:22
a place地点 where you can drive驾驶
just 20 minutes分钟
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在这个地方,你只需要开车20分钟
00:26
and put your sailboat帆船 on the water.
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就可以水中泛舟
00:28
It's a seductive妖媚 place地点, isn't it?
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这是一个世外桃源,不是吗
00:32
I don't live生活 there.
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我并不住这儿
00:33
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:36
But I did journey旅程 on a 27,000-mile-英里 trip
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两年来,我途径两万七千公里
00:42
for two years年份, to the fastest-growing增长最快
and whitest雪白 counties in America美国.
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到达美国发展最快并且白种人居民比例最高的地方
00:50
What is a WhitopiaWhitopia?
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白色乌托邦是什么?
00:52
I define确定 WhitopiaWhitopia in three ways方法:
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我用以下三个概念来定义它
00:55
First, a WhitopiaWhitopia has posted发布 at least最小
six percent百分 population人口 growth发展 since以来 2000.
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第一,白色乌托邦在2000年以来人口增长至少为6%
01:03
Secondly其次, the majority多数 of that growth发展
comes from white白色 migrants移民.
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第二,人口增长主要来源于白种人移居
01:08
And third第三, the WhitopiaWhitopia
has an ineffable不可言说 charm魅力,
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第三,白色乌托邦非常有魅力
01:12
a pleasant愉快 look and feel,
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让人愉悦的外观和感受
01:14
a jeJE NeNE sais赛斯 quoiquoi.
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一种难以言明的美好特质
01:16
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:19
To learn学习 how and why
WhitopiasWhitopias are ticking滴答,
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为了探究白色乌托邦的起源,并且它为何能发展起来
01:23
I immersed沉浸 myself for several一些 months个月
apiece一块 in three of them:
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我分别花了好几个月深入当地,去了白色乌托邦的三个代表城市
01:29
first, St. George乔治, Utah犹他州;
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第一个,犹他州的圣乔治
01:32
second第二, Coeur d'Alene科达伦, Idaho爱达荷州;
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第二个,爱达荷的科达伦
01:34
and third第三, Forsyth福赛斯 County, Georgia格鲁吉亚.
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第三个,乔治亚州的佛塞斯郡
01:38
First stop, St. George乔治 --
a beautiful美丽 town of red rock landscapes景观.
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第一个目的地,圣乔治,一个拥有红岩景观的美丽小镇
01:44
In the 1850s, Brigham布里格姆 Young年轻
dispatched出动 families家庭 to St. George乔治
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十八世纪五十年代,由于圣乔治炎热干旱的气候,
01:49
to grow增长 cotton because
of the hot, arid干旱 climate气候.
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(摩门教)杨百翰带领教会数家迁往圣乔治种植棉花
01:53
And so they called it Utah's犹他州 Dixie迪克西,
and the name名称 sticks to this day.
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因此他们称这里为犹他之南,这个名字沿用至今
02:00
I approached接近 my time in each WhitopiaWhitopia
like an anthropologist人类学家.
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在白色乌托邦, 我像人类学家一样安排我的日程
02:05
I made制作 detailed详细 spreadsheets电子表格 of all
the power功率 brokers经纪商 in the communities社区,
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我列出乌托邦里有权势的人们的详细名单
02:09
who I needed需要 to meet遇到,
where I needed需要 to be,
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我应该拜访谁,需要在哪里约见他们
02:13
and I threw myself with gusto有滋有味
in these communities社区.
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我兴致勃勃想融入这些社区
02:16
I went to zoning区划 board meetings会议,
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我去了各区域的委员会议
02:18
I went to Democratic民主的 clubs会所
and Republican共和党人 clubs会所.
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我也去了民主党和共产党的党会
02:22
I went to poker扑克 nights.
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我还去和他们一起打牌
02:27
In St. George乔治, I rented
a home at the EntradaENTRADA,
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我在圣乔治的Entrada租了一栋房子
02:32
one of the town's城市
premier总理 gated门控 communities社区.
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这里是小镇最高档的带门禁的小区之一
02:35
There were no Motel汽车旅馆 6's
or Howard霍华德 Johnsons约翰逊 for me.
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在那里,找不到汽车旅馆或是连锁饭店
02:39
I lived生活 in WhitopiaWhitopia as a resident居民,
and not like a visitor游客.
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我要在白色乌托邦像当地人一样生活,而不是一个游客。
02:44
I rented myself this home by phone电话.
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我是用电话预定到房子的。
02:49
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:51
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
02:53
Golf高尔夫球 is the perfect完善 seductive妖媚
symbol符号 of WhitopiaWhitopia.
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最能代表白色乌托邦的诱惑标志是高尔夫
02:59
When I went on my journey旅程,
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在我开始旅行前
03:01
I had barely仅仅 ever held保持 a golf高尔夫球 club俱乐部.
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我从来没有去过高尔夫俱乐部
03:04
By the time I left, I was golfing高尔夫
at least最小 three times a week.
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当我离开那里的时候,我每周至少打三次高尔夫
03:09
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:12
Golf高尔夫球 helps帮助 people bond.
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高尔夫是连接大家情感的桥梁
03:15
Some of the best最好 interviews面试 I ever scored进球
during my trip were on the golf高尔夫球 courses培训班.
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我甚至在高尔夫球场完成了不少精彩的采访
03:21
One venture冒险 capitalist资本家, for example,
invited邀请 me to golf高尔夫球 in his private私人的 club俱乐部
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有一次,一个风险投资家,邀请我去他的私人俱乐部打球
03:27
that had no minority少数民族 members会员.
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该俱乐部不对少数族裔开放
03:30
I also went fishing钓鱼.
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我也去了钓鱼
03:32
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:34
Because I had never fished捕鱼,
this fellow同伴 had to teach me
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因为我从来没有钓过鱼
03:37
how to cast my line线 and what bait to use.
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有个老兄得教我如何抛线,如何使用鱼饵
03:42
I also played发挥 poker扑克 every一切 weekend周末.
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我每周末和大家一起玩扑克
03:45
It was Texas德州 Hold保持 'em“时间 with a $10 buy-in买入.
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那是一种十块起底的德州扑克
03:50
My poker扑克 mates队友 may可能 have been bluffing唬人
about the hands that they drew德鲁,
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我的牌友在玩扑克的时候偶尔会虚张声势说自己的牌好
03:54
but they weren't bluffing唬人
about their social社会 beliefs信仰.
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但是他们在社会信仰方面十分认真
03:57
Some of the most raw生的,
salty conversations对话 I ever had
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在旅途中,一些最坦诚别有滋味的谈话
04:01
during my journey旅程 were at the poker扑克 table.
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就是发生在扑克桌上
04:04
I'm a gung ho entertainer艺人.
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我是一个天生娱乐家
04:08
I love to cook厨师, I hosted托管
many许多 dinner晚餐 parties派对, and in return返回,
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我喜欢做饭,也举办了很多晚餐聚会。
04:12
people invited邀请 me to their dinner晚餐 parties派对,
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作为往来,人们也邀请我去他们的晚餐聚会
04:15
and to their barbecues烧烤,
and to their pool parties派对,
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烧烤聚会,泳池派对
04:17
and to their birthday生日 parties派对.
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生日派对
04:21
But it wasn't all fun开玩笑.
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但是,这段旅程并不是完全有趣的
04:23
Immigration移民 turned转身 out to be
a big issue问题 in this WhitopiaWhitopia.
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在这个白色乌托邦,移民是一个很大的问题
04:28
The St. George's乔治的 Citizens公民 Council评议会
on Illegal非法 Immigration移民
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圣乔治反对非法移民居民委员会经常组织
04:31
held保持 regular定期 and active活性 protests抗议
against反对 immigration移民,
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关于非法移民的抗议
04:35
and so what I gleaned收集 from this WhitopiaWhitopia
is what a hot debate辩论 this would become成为.
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这就是我在当地所得知的
04:41
It was a real-time即时的 preview预习,
and so it has become成为.
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这是一个非常激烈的议题
04:47
Next下一个 stop: Almost几乎 Heaven天堂,
a cabin I rented for myself
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下一个目的地,是一个天堂般的地方。
我在北爱达荷的科达伦租了一个小木屋
04:52
in Coeur d'Alene科达伦, in the beautiful美丽
North Idaho爱达荷州 panhandle锅柄.
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04:57
I rented this place地点
for myself, also by phone电话.
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我是自己租的这个地方,当然,还是用电话预定的。
05:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:02
The book "A Thousand Places地方 To See
Before You Die" lists名单 Coeur d'Alene科达伦 --
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那本叫做《死前必去的一千个地方》的书把科达伦也列在其中
05:07
it's a gorgeous华丽 paradise天堂 for huntsmen猎人,
boatmen船工 and fishermen渔民.
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这里是猎人,船夫和捕鱼者的天堂
05:13
My growing生长 golf高尔夫球 skills技能
came来了 in handy便利 in Coeur d'Alene科达伦.
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我越来越好的高尔夫球技在科达伦让我得心应手
05:16
I golfedgolfed with retired退休 LAPDLAPD cops警察.
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我和退休的洛杉矶警察局的警察一起打球
05:19
In 1993, around 11,000 families家庭 and cops警察
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在一九九三年,一万一千多个家庭和警察经历了“洛杉矶种族骚乱”之后
05:25
fled逃离 Los洛杉矶 Angeles洛杉矶
after the L.A. racial种族 unrest动荡,
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逃离了洛杉矶,迁往北爱荷华
05:31
for North Idaho爱达荷州, and they've他们已经 built内置
an expatriated流亡海外 community社区.
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他们建造了一个世外桃源一般的社区
05:36
Given特定 the conservatism保守主义 of these cops警察,
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介于这些警察的保守主义
05:39
there's no surprise that North Idaho爱达荷州
has a strong强大 gun culture文化.
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不出大家所料,北爱荷华有浓厚的枪支文化
05:45
In fact事实, it is said, North Idaho爱达荷州
has more gun dealers经销商 than gas加油站 stations.
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据说现实中,北爱达荷枪支经销商比加油站还要多
05:53
So what's a resident居民 to do to fit适合 in?
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那么, 应该怎么做去融入当地人生活呢
05:56
I hit击中 the gun club俱乐部.
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我去了枪支俱乐部
05:58
When I rented a gun,
the gentleman绅士 behind背后 the counter计数器
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当我租枪的时候
06:02
was perfectly完美 pleasant愉快 and kind,
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柜台后面的那位男士非常和善
06:04
until直到 I showed显示 him
my New York纽约 City driver's司机 license执照.
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在我给他看了我纽约州的驾照后
06:08
That's when he got nervous紧张.
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他略显迟疑
06:11
I'm not as bad a shot射击
as I thought I might威力 have been.
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我以为我不善枪法,其实不然
06:16
What I learned学到了 from North Idaho爱达荷州
is the peculiar奇特 brand of paranoia偏执
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我在北爱达荷学到的还有一种特有的的偏执
06:22
that can permeate渗透 a community社区
when so many许多 cops警察 and guns枪炮 are around.
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在警察与枪支遍地的爱达荷,这种偏执扎根于此
06:30
In North Idaho爱达荷州, in my red pickup捡起 truck卡车,
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在北爱达荷,我在我的红色皮卡车里
06:34
I kept不停 a notepad记事本.
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放了一个记事本
06:36
And in that notepad记事本 I counted
more Confederate帮凶 flags than black黑色 people.
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在记事本中,我数到的联邦旗个数比遇到的黑人还要多
06:41
In North Idaho爱达荷州, I found发现 Confederate帮凶 flags
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在北爱达荷
06:44
on key chains, on cellphone手机 paraphernalia用具,
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我在钥匙链,手机用品,还有车上
06:49
and on cars汽车.
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都能看到联邦旗
06:51
About a seven-minute七分钟 drive驾驶
from my hidden lake cabin
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从我住的湖边小屋开七分钟路程
06:55
was the compound复合 of Aryan雅利安 Nations国家,
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住的是雅利安民族
06:58
the white白色 supremacist至上主义 group.
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他们是白人至上主义者
07:02
America's美国 Promise诺言 Ministries部委,
the religious宗教 arm of Aryan雅利安 Nations国家,
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美国希望之都,雅利安民族的宗教组织
07:07
happened发生 to have a three-day三天
retreat撤退 during my visit访问.
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在我旅游的时候恰好有三天的聚会
07:12
So I decided决定 to crash紧急 it.
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因此,我决定去凑个热闹
07:14
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:17
I'm the only non-Aryan非雅利安 journalist记者
I'm aware知道的 of ever to have doneDONE so.
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我发现我是前所未有的唯一一位非雅利安族记者
07:22
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:23
Among其中 the many许多 memorable难忘
episodes发作 of that retreat撤退...
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在聚会上无数难以忘怀的故事中,其中之一是
07:27
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:29
...is when Abe安倍晋三, an Aryan雅利安,
sidled侧身 up next下一个 to me.
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当一个名叫安培的雅利安人悄悄走过来,坐在我身边
07:32
He slapped耳光 my knee膝盖, and he said, "Hey
Rich丰富, I just want you to know one thing.
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他拍着我的膝盖,说“你好,理查,我只想让你知道一件事
07:38
We are not white白色 supremacists至上主义.
We are white白色 separatists分裂.
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我们并不是白人至上主义者,我们是白人分离主义者
07:42
We don't think we're better than you,
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我们并不认为我们比你优越
07:44
we just want to be away from you."
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我们只是想离你们远一点
07:46
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
07:51
Indeed确实, most white白色 people in WhitopiaWhitopia
are neither也不 white白色 supremacists至上主义
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确实,在白色乌托邦生活的许多白人,并不是白人之上主义者
07:58
or white白色 separatists分裂;
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也不是白人分离主义者
07:59
in fact事实, they're not there
for explicitly明确地 racial种族 reasons原因 at all.
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实际上,他们根本不是由于特定的种族原因而生活在此
08:04
Rather, they emigrate移民 there
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恰恰相反,他们迁居于此
08:07
for friendliness友好, comfort安慰,
security安全, safety安全 --
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是为了友好,舒适, 安全,踏实
08:10
reasons原因 that they implicitly隐式 associate关联
to whiteness白度 in itself本身.
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他们将这些原因与白种人自身紧密相连
08:17
Next下一个 stop was Georgia格鲁吉亚.
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下一站是乔治亚
08:20
In Georgia格鲁吉亚, I stayed in an exurb卫星城
north of Atlanta亚特兰大.
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在这里,我住在亚特兰大北边的郊区
08:25
In Utah犹他州, I found发现 poker扑克;
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我在犹他,学会了扑克
08:26
in Idaho爱达荷州, I found发现 guns枪炮;
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我在爱达荷,与枪结缘
08:28
in Georgia格鲁吉亚, I found发现 God.
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我在乔治亚,感受到了上帝
08:30
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
08:31
The way that I immersed沉浸 myself
in this WhitopiaWhitopia
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我融入这个白色乌托邦的方法
08:34
was to become成为 active活性
at First Redeemer救世主 Church教会,
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是在第一救世主教堂变得积极主动
08:38
a megachurch大型教堂 that's so huge巨大
that it has golf高尔夫球 carts
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这个大型教堂如此之大,以至于它有自己的高尔夫球车
08:41
to escort护送 the congregants教徒 around
its many许多 parking停車處 lots on campus校园.
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用来护送教徒们穿梭于校园里的众多停车场
08:47
I was active活性 in the youth青年 ministry.
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我在青年义工团非常活跃
08:50
And for me, personally亲自,
I was more comfortable自在 in this WhitopiaWhitopia
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对于我自身而言,比起科罗拉多,爱达荷,甚至波士顿而言,
08:55
than say, in a Colorado科罗拉多州, or an Idaho爱达荷州,
or even a suburban郊区的 Boston波士顿.
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我更喜欢这个白色乌托邦
09:00
That is because [there], in Georgia格鲁吉亚,
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原因是白色人种和黑色人种
09:04
white白色 people and black黑色 people are more
historically历史 familiar to one another另一个.
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在很久以前就彼此熟知
09:09
I was less exotic异国情调 in this WhitopiaWhitopia.
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这使得我在乔治亚没有那么的异国情调
09:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:14
But what does it all mean?
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但是,这一切都说明了什么呢?
09:17
WhitopianWhitopian dreaming做梦, WhitopiaWhitopia migration移民,
is a push-pull推拉 phenomenon现象,
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白色乌托邦幻想和白色乌托邦迁移史,是一个推拉式现象
09:22
full充分 of alarming惊人 pushes
and alluring诱人 pulls,
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充满了令人震惊的推力和让人诱惑的拉力
09:26
and WhitopiaWhitopia operates操作 at the level水平
of conscious意识 and unconscious无意识 bias偏压.
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而且白色乌托邦在有意与无意间的偏见中运行着
09:33
It's possible可能 for people to be in WhitopiaWhitopia
not for racist种族主义者 reasons原因,
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人们来到白色乌托邦并不都是因为种族问题
09:39
though虽然 it has racist种族主义者 outcomes结果.
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但是这造成了种族主义
09:43
Many许多 WhitopiansWhitopians feel pushed by illegals非法移民,
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许多白色乌托邦人觉得被非法行为,滥用社会福利,
09:47
social社会 welfare福利 abuse滥用, minorities少数民族,
density密度, crowded schools学校.
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少数族裔,人口密度,拥挤的学校推出去
09:53
Many许多 WhitopiansWhitopians feel pulled by merit值得,
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许多白色乌托邦人因奖金,自由,特权诱惑
09:58
freedom自由, the allure引诱 of privatism个人主义 --
privatized私有化 places地方, privatized私有化 people,
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私人领域,私有化人民,私有财产
10:04
privatized私有化 things.
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而拉进去
10:07
And I learned学到了 in WhitopiaWhitopia
how a country国家 can have racism种族主义
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我从白色乌托邦所学到,在一个没有种族主义者的国家
10:13
without racists种族主义者.
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如何能够存在着种族主义
10:15
Many许多 of my smug踌躇满志 urban城市的 liberal自由主义的 friends朋友
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我许多的特立独行的都市自由主义的朋友
10:18
couldn't不能 believe I would go
on such这样 a venture冒险.
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难以相信我踏上了这样一个旅途
10:21
The reality现实 is that many许多 white白色 Americans美国人
are affable和蔼可亲的 and kind.
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事实上许多白种美国人是友善和蔼的
10:27
Interpersonal人际 race种族 relations关系 --
how we treat对待 each other as human人的 beings众生 --
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如今种族间的人际关系——我们如何像对待人类一样对待彼此
10:32
are vastly大大 better than in
my parents'父母' generation.
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比我父母那一代人好得多
10:37
Can you imagine想像 me going
to WhitopiaWhitopia 40 years年份 ago?
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你能想象四十年前,我去白色乌托邦旅游吗
10:41
What a journey旅程 that would have been.
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那该是多么难以描述的旅程啊
10:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:45
And yet然而, some things haven't没有 changed.
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然而,有些事情并没有变化
10:47
America美国 is as residentially民用
and educationally教育上 segregated隔离 today今天
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美国目前还是存在教育阶级及居住地隔离分层现象
10:54
as it was in 1970.
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和1970年的情况并没有什么差别
10:59
As Americans美国人, we often经常 find ways方法
to cook厨师 for each other,
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作为美国人,我们经常可以一起做饭
11:04
to dance舞蹈 with each other,
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一起跳舞
11:05
to host主办 with each other,
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互相做客
11:07
but why can't that translate翻译 into how we
treat对待 each other as communities社区?
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但是我们为什么不能转变成我们彼此作为族群社区存在呢
11:13
It's a devastating破坏性的 irony讽刺,
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这是天大的讽刺
11:15
how we have gone走了 forward前锋 as individuals个人,
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我们在个体层面进步
11:18
and backwards向后 as communities社区.
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却在族群方面退步
11:23
One of the WhitopianWhitopian outlooks展望
that really hit击中 me
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白色乌托邦最让我震惊的是一句谚语
11:28
was a proverbial谚语 saying:
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那句话是这样讲的
11:30
"One black黑色 man is
a delightful愉快 dinner晚餐 guest客人;
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一个黑人是一个受人喜爱的晚餐贵宾
11:33
50 black黑色 men男人 is a ghetto贫民区."
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五十个黑人就变成了贫民窟
11:40
One of the big contexts上下文 animating动画
my WhitopianWhitopian journey旅程 was the year 2042.
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鼓励我坚持我的白色乌托邦之旅的大背景是2042年
11:48
By 2042, white白色 people will no longer be
the American美国 majority多数.
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到了2042年,白人不再是美国人口的主要构成
11:55
As such这样, will there be more WhitopiasWhitopias?
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既然如此,会有更多的白色乌托邦出现吗
12:00
In looking at this,
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在思考这个问题时
12:02
the danger危险 of WhitopiaWhitopia is
that the more segregation隔离 we have,
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白色乌托邦带来的危险是,人们越分离
12:09
the less we can look at and confront面对
conscious意识 and unconscious无意识 bias偏压.
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就越无法看到有意无意的偏见
12:18
I ventured冒险 on my two-year两年,
27,000 mile英里 journey旅程
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在我两年的两万七千英里的旅途中
12:22
to learn学习 where, why, and how
white白色 people are fleeing逃离,
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我了解了白人为什么要逃,逃去那里,怎么逃
12:27
but I didn't expect期望 to have
so much fun开玩笑 on my journey旅程.
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但是我并没想到这个旅途会如此有趣
12:30
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
12:31
I didn't expect期望 to learn学习
so much about myself.
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我也并没有期望能更了解自己
12:35
I don't expect期望 I'll be living活的
in a WhitopiaWhitopia --
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我没想过居住在白色乌托邦
12:38
or a BlacktopiaBlacktopia, for that matter.
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或者黑色乌托邦。但是
12:41
I do plan计划 to continue继续 golfing高尔夫
every一切 chance机会 I get.
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我有计划着一有机会就去打高尔夫
12:45
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
12:46
And I'll just have to leave离开 the guns枪炮
and megachurchesmegachurches back in WhitopiaWhitopia.
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而且我得和白色乌托邦里的枪支和大型教堂说再见了
12:52
Thank you.
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谢谢
12:53
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Min Gao
Reviewed by chordy left

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Rich Benjamin - Social observer
The author of "Whitopia," Rich Benjamin sharply observes modern society and politics.

Why you should listen

In his essays, book reviews and other writing, Rich Benjamin gives thoughtful commentary on the changing nature of politics and culture. For his 2009 book Whitopia, he took a 26,909-mile journey through the heart of America's whitest locales, small towns and exurbs where white populations are concentrating as America, meanwhile, becomes ever more diverse. His book asks America to imagine itself in 2042, when whites are no longer the majority. What form will diversity take?

Benjamin is a senior fellow at Demos, a multi-issue think tank, and is just completing a novel on money, loss and heterosexual melancholy.

More profile about the speaker
Rich Benjamin | Speaker | TED.com