ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anote Tong - President of the Republic of Kiribati
Anote Tong has built worldwide awareness of the potentially devastating impacts of climate change.

Why you should listen

His Excellency Anote Tong is the fourth President of the Republic of Kiribati. He was first elected as President on 10 July 2003 and subsequently won two more elections in 2007 and in 2012. He is now serving his last term, which will end in mid-2015. Under his leadership, President Anote Tong also holds the portfolio of Head of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Immigration.

Anote Tong was born in 1952 on Fanning Island (also known as Tabuaeran) in the Line Islands and is a member of the Kiribati House of Parliament from the constituency of Maiana Island in the central Kiribati group.

Educated in New Zealand and in England at the University of Canterbury and the London School of Economics respectively, President Tong holds a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Economics under his belt.

Since the beginning of his presidency, President Anote Tong has become a strong climate change advocate and has built worldwide awareness of the potentially devastating impacts of climate change.

He has stated on many occasions that Kiribati may cease to exist altogether and that its entire population may need to be resettled not as climate change refugees but as citizens who migrate on merit and with dignity.

With one of the lowest carbon-emission footprints in the world, Tong has often described Kiribati as a “frontline country” that has been among the first to experience dramatic climate change impacts.

As an extraordinary measure to set an example for the rest of the world, President Tong created the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, one of the largest marine protected areas in the world with a size of 408,250 square kilometers which was inscribed as a United Nations World Heritage site in 2008.

President Tong has won a number of awards and recognition that acknowledges his contribution and leadership on climate change and ocean conservation.

More profile about the speaker
Anote Tong | Speaker | TED.com
Mission Blue II

Anote Tong: My country will be underwater soon -- unless we work together

安诺 汤: 国家兴亡,匹夫有责

Filmed:
1,133,033 views

对于基里巴斯人来说,气候变化是毋庸置疑的。因为海平面上升,这个低海拔的太平洋岛国很可能将会被海水淹没。在与克里斯安德森的谈话中,基里巴斯总统汤安诺讨论了有关国家现有的气候灾难以及陷入危机的未来。“为了解决气候变化问题,我们必须做出牺牲,”他说。“我们必须告诉人们这个世界已经变了。
- President of the Republic of Kiribati
Anote Tong has built worldwide awareness of the potentially devastating impacts of climate change. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Chris克里斯 Anderson安德森: Perhaps也许 we could start开始
by just telling告诉 us about your country国家.
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克里斯安德森: 要么我们先从聊聊你的国家开始吧
00:16
It's three dots there on the globe地球.
Those dots are pretty漂亮 huge巨大.
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就是地球上的那三个点,我觉得那些点都挺大的
00:20
I think each one
is about the size尺寸 of California加州.
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我觉得每个点应该和加利福尼亚州差不多大
00:23
Tell us about Kiribati基里巴斯.
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给我们讲讲基里巴斯吧
00:25
Anote一张纸条 Tong: Well, let me first begin开始
by saying how deeply grateful感激 I am
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汤安诺:那么,首先,
请允许我表达一下我真挚的谢意
00:29
for this opportunity机会 to share分享 my story故事
with people who do care关心.
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可以拥有这个机会和真正关心的人分享我的故事
00:33
I think I've been sharing分享 my story故事 with
a lot of people who don't care关心 too much.
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我认为一直在和很多不太关心的人分享我的故事
00:39
But Kiribati基里巴斯 is comprised
of three groups of islands岛屿:
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但是基里巴斯分成三部分岛屿
00:43
the Gilbert吉尔伯特 Group on the west西,
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西边的吉尔伯特岛屿群
00:46
we have the Phoenix凤凰 Islands岛屿 in the middle中间,
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中间的菲尼克斯岛屿群
00:49
and the Line线 Islands岛屿 in the east.
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和东边的莱恩岛屿群
00:53
And quite相当 frankly坦率地说, Kiribati基里巴斯
is perhaps也许 the only country国家
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而且,说实话,基里巴斯大概是唯一真正
00:57
that is actually其实
in the four corners角落 of the world世界,
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在世界四个角落的国家
00:59
because we are in the Northern北方 Hemisphere半球,
in the Southern南部的 Hemisphere半球,
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因为我们既在北半球,又在南半球
01:02
and also in the east and the west西
of the International国际 Date日期 Line线.
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还在国际日界线的东西两侧
01:05
These islands岛屿 are entirely完全
made制作 up of coral珊瑚 atolls环礁,
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这些岛屿全部是由珊瑚环礁组成的
01:12
and on average平均 about
two meters above以上 sea level水平.
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平均大约在海平面两厘米处
01:17
And so this is what we have.
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这就是我的国家的情况
01:20
Usually平时 not more
than two kilometers公里 in width宽度.
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通常宽度不超过两千米
01:25
And so, on many许多 occasions场合,
I've been asked by people,
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所以,人们经常问我
01:28
"You know, you're suffering痛苦,
why don't you move移动 back?"
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“你知道,如果你有困难,
为什么不搬回来呢?”
01:30
They don't understand理解.
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他们不明白
01:32
They have no concept概念
of what it is that's involved参与.
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他们根本不清楚其中蕴含着什么
01:35
With the rising升起 sea, they say,
"Well, you can move移动 back."
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随着海平面的上升,
他们说,“你可以搬回来的”
01:39
And so this is what I tell them.
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我唯有告诉他们,
01:41
If we move移动 back, we will fall秋季 off
on the other side of the ocean海洋. OK?
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如果我们搬回来了,
我们会掉进海洋的另一端,明白吗?
01:45
But these are the kinds of issues问题
that people don't understand理解.
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但是人们不明白这些问题
01:50
CACA: So certainly当然 this is
just a picture图片 of fragility脆弱性 there.
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克里斯安德森:很明显地,
你们的国家有燃眉之急。
01:54
When was it that you yourself你自己 realized实现
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你是什么时候意识到
01:57
that there might威力 be
impending即将到来的 peril for your country国家?
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你的国家危险将至了呢?
02:00
AT: Well, the story故事 of climate气候 change更改
has been one that has been going on
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汤安诺:嗯,全球变暖的问题已经
02:04
for quite相当 a number of decades几十年.
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出现好几十年了
02:05
And when I came来了 into office办公室 in 2003,
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当我在2003年上任的时候
02:10
I began开始 talking about climate气候 change更改
at the United联合的 Nations国家 General一般 Assembly部件,
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我开始在联合国大会讲全球变暖
02:14
but not with so much passion,
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但是没有这么多的激情
02:17
because then there was still
this controversy争议 among其中 the scientists科学家们
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因为科学家之间还在辩论
02:21
whether是否 it was human-induced人类活动引起的,
whether是否 it was real真实 or it wasn't.
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人类活动和全球变暖是否有关系,
全球变暖是否真正存在
02:26
But I think that that debate辩论
was fairly相当 much concluded总结 in 2007
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但是,我认为那个辩论在2007年基本结束了
02:32
with the Fourth第四 Assessment评定
Report报告 of the IPCCIPCC,
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政府间气候变化专门委员会做出第四次评估报告
02:38
which哪一个 made制作 a categorical明确的 statement声明
that it is real真实, it's human-induced人类活动引起的,
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论证全球变暖的真实性和与人类活动的必然联系
02:45
and it's predicting预测
some very serious严重 scenarios场景
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而且,它所估测的结果是非常严重的
02:48
for countries国家 like mine.
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对于我的祖国那样的国家
02:51
And so that's when I got very serious严重.
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所以,我必须很认真,
02:54
In the past过去, I talked about it.
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过去,我谈论它
02:58
We were worried担心.
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我们很担心
03:00
But when the scenarios场景,
the predictions预测 came来了 in 2007,
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但在2007年那些预测出来的时候
03:03
it became成为 a real真实 issue问题 for us.
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它于我们而言成了一个真实的问题
03:06
CACA: Now, those predictions预测 are,
I think, that by 2100,
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克里斯安德森:现在,
我想,预测是,到2100年
03:11
sea levels水平 are forecast预测 to rise上升
perhaps也许 three feet.
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海平面可能会上升三英尺
03:14
There's scenarios场景 where
it's higher更高 than that, for sure,
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肯定有预测结果比这个还严重
03:17
but what would you say
to a skeptic怀疑论者 who said,
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但是对于一个不相信全球变暖的人说
03:19
"What's three feet?
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“三英尺是算什么?
03:20
You're on average平均
six feet above以上 sea level水平.
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人们平均比海平面高六英尺,
03:22
What's the problem问题?"
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有什么问题呢?”
03:24
AT: Well, I think
it's got to be understood了解
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汤安诺:那么,
我认为人们一定要知道一件事,
03:26
that a marginal边缘 rise上升 in sea level水平
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海平面的每一点上升
03:28
would mean a loss失利 of a lot of land土地,
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都意味着大片陆地的小时
03:31
because much of the land土地 is low.
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因为大部分陆地都很低
03:34
And quite相当 apart距离 from that,
we are getting得到 the swells骤升 at the moment时刻.
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而且,我们那时会面对浪潮
03:39
So it's not about getting得到 two feet.
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所以不是关于涨两英尺
03:41
I think what many许多 people do not understand理解
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我认为很多人还不明白
03:44
is they think climate气候 change更改 is something
that is happening事件 in the future未来.
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是因为他们认为全球变暖是未来会发生的事情
03:51
Well, we're at the very
bottom底部 end结束 of the spectrum光谱.
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我们现在在全世界的最低端
03:53
It's already已经 with us.
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这类事件已经在我们身边发生了
03:55
We have communities社区
who already已经 have been dislocated脱臼.
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我们有社区必须搬迁,
03:58
They have had to move移动,
and every一切 parliament议会 session会议,
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他们不得不搬走,
而且每次议会开会,
04:02
I'm getting得到 complaints投诉
from different不同 communities社区
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我都收到不同社区的抱怨
04:05
asking for assistance帮助 to build建立 seawalls海堤,
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要求救助建立海堤
04:08
to see what we can do
about the freshwater淡水 lens镜片
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看看我们在淡水透镜这方面可以做些什么
04:10
because it's being存在 destroyed销毁,
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因为它正在被毁灭
04:12
and so in my trips旅行
to the different不同 islands岛屿,
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在我去不同岛屿的旅行中
04:15
I'm seeing眼看 evidence证据 of communities社区
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我看到了一个个面临着大量的
04:18
which哪一个 are now having to cope应付
with the loss失利 of food餐饮 crops作物,
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食物损失和淡水透镜污染
04:21
the contamination污染 of the water lenses镜头,
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的社区
04:25
and I see these communities社区
perhaps也许 leaving离开, having to relocate搬迁,
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我还看到了那些社区中的人在五到十年之内
04:29
within five to 10 years年份.
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不得不离开,不得不重建社区
04:32
CACA: And then, I think the country国家
suffered遭遇 its first cyclone气旋,
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克里斯安德森:我想,之后,
你的祖国迎来了史上第一次飓风
04:36
and this is connected连接的, yes?
What happened发生 here?
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这两件事情是有关联的,
对吧?那里发生了什么?
04:39
AT: Well, we're on the equator赤道,
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汤安诺:嗯,我们在赤道上
04:42
and I'm sure many许多 of you understand理解
that when you're on the equator赤道,
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而且我确定大多数人都清楚,赤道
04:46
it's supposed应该 to be in the doldrums低迷.
We're not supposed应该 to get the cyclones旋风.
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应该是无风的,沉闷的,不应该出现飓风。
04:50
We create创建 them, and then we send发送 them
either north or south.
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是我们造成了它们,
也是我们把它们送到南北两侧
04:53
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:54
But they aren't supposed应该 to come back.
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但是它们不应该回到赤道
04:56
But for the first time,
at the beginning开始 of this year,
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在今年年初,第一次,
04:59
the Cyclone气旋 Pam帕姆,
which哪一个 destroyed销毁 Vanuatu瓦努阿图,
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帕姆飓风摧毁了瓦努阿图
05:02
and in the process处理,
the very edges边缘 of it actually其实 touched感动
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而在过程中,帕姆飓风的边缘确实碰触了
05:06
our two southernmost最南端 islands岛屿,
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我们最南侧的两个岛屿
05:08
and all of Tuvalu图瓦卢 was underwater水下
when Hurricane飓风 Pam帕姆 struck来袭.
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而且帕姆飓风来临时,图瓦卢全部都被淹没
05:14
But for our two southernmost最南端 islands岛屿,
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但是,对于我们最南部的两个岛屿
05:17
we had waves波浪 come over half the island,
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海浪覆盖大半个岛屿
05:21
and so this has never happened发生 before.
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而这是史上首次
05:23
It's a new experience经验.
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这时一个全新的体验
05:25
And I've just come back
from my own拥有 constituency选民,
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我刚刚从我自己的选区回来
05:30
and I've seen看到 these beautiful美丽 trees树木
which哪一个 had been there for decades几十年,
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我看到了这些美丽的,屹立数十年的树木
05:34
they've他们已经 been totally完全 destroyed销毁.
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它们尽数被毁灭了
05:36
So this is what's happening事件,
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这就是正在发生的
05:37
but when we talk
about the rising升起 sea level水平,
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但是当我们谈论海平面上升的时候
05:41
we think it's something
that happens发生 gradually逐渐.
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我们认为你那是日后会发生的事情
05:44
It comes with the winds,
it comes with the swells骤升,
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它随着风来,随着涨潮来
05:47
and so they can be magnified放大,
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因此,它们是可以被放大的
05:49
but what we are beginning开始 to witness见证
is the change更改 in the weather天气 pattern模式,
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但是,当我们真正开始
亲眼看到最严峻的挑战
05:55
which哪一个 is perhaps也许 the more urgent紧急 challenge挑战
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-天气的变化
05:58
that we will face面对 sooner
than perhaps也许 the rising升起 sea level水平.
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而这是我们将在海平面上升之前所要面对的
06:03
CACA: So the country国家
is already已经 seeing眼看 effects效果 now.
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克里斯安德森:所以你的国家
已经在见证气候变化的影响了
06:06
As you look forward前锋,
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从你的角度来说,向未来展望,
06:08
what are your options选项
as a country国家, as a nation国家?
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你觉得作为一个国家,有怎样的选择呢?
06:12
AT: Well, I've been telling告诉
this story故事 every一切 year.
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汤安诺:我今年不断地把这个故事告诉别人
06:15
I think I visit访问 a number of --
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我个人认为,我拜访了大量的.......
06:16
I've been traveling旅行 the world世界
to try and get people to understand理解.
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我一直在环游全球努力让人们明白
06:21
We have a plan计划, we think we have a plan计划.
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我们有一个计划,我们认为我们有一个计划
06:24
And on one occasion场合,
I think I spoke in Geneva日内瓦
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在某个场合,我认为我在日内瓦讲述
06:27
and there was a gentleman绅士
who was interviewing面试 me
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有位在采访我的先生
06:31
on something like this,
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问了我相似的问题
06:33
and I said, "We are looking
at floating漂浮的 islands岛屿,"
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然后我说:“我们在关注正在漂浮的岛屿。”
06:36
and he thought it was funny滑稽,
but somebody said,
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他觉得这很有趣,但是有人说了
06:38
"No, this is not funny滑稽.
These people are looking for solutions解决方案."
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“不,这不是一个玩笑。
这些人在寻找措施。”
06:42
And so I have been looking
at floating漂浮的 islands岛屿.
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所以说,我一直在观察正在漂浮的岛屿
06:45
The Japanese日本 are interested有兴趣
in building建造 floating漂浮的 islands岛屿.
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日本人对建造漂浮的岛屿很感兴趣
06:49
But, as a country国家,
we have made制作 a commitment承诺
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但是,作为一个国家,
我们做出这样的一个承诺,
06:52
that no matter what happens发生,
we will try as much as possible可能
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无论发生什么,我们都会倾尽全力
06:56
to stay and continue继续 to exist存在 as a nation国家.
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保持,并继续以一个国家的形式而存在
07:00
What that will take,
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无论我们要付出什么代价
07:02
it's going to be
something quite相当 significant重大,
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这都会是很重要的事情
07:05
very, very substantial大量的.
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是非常重大的事情
07:07
Either we live生活 on floating漂浮的 islands岛屿,
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不管我们是居住在漂浮的岛屿上
07:09
or we have to build建立 up the islands岛屿
to continue继续 to stay out of the water
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还是我们为了继续留在陆地上而要建岛屿
07:13
as the sea level水平 rises上升
and as the storms风暴 get more severe严重.
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随着海平面的上升,随着风暴越来越严重
07:18
But even that, it's going to be
very, very difficult
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但是,即使如此,得到我们所需要的资源
07:20
to get the kind of resourcing资源配置
that we would need.
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都非常非常艰难
07:23
CACA: And then the only recourse追索权
is some form形成 of forced被迫 migration移民.
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克里斯安德森:
唯一的办法是某种形式的逼迫性迁移
07:27
AT: Well, we are also looking at that
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汤安诺:嗯,那也是一个选择
07:29
because in the event事件
that nothing comes forward前锋
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因为到目前为止,国际社会
07:32
from the international国际 community社区,
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还没有什么其它举措。
07:34
we are preparing准备,
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我们在做准备
07:35
we don't want to be caught抓住
like what's happening事件 in Europe欧洲.
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我们不想像欧洲一样手无足措
07:38
OK? We don't want to mass migrate迁移
at some point in time.
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明白吗?我们不想在某个时刻大量移民
07:41
We want to be able能够
to give the people the choice选择 today今天,
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我们想现在就给那些想移民的人们
07:44
those who choose选择
and want to do that, to migrate迁移.
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移民的选择
07:48
We don't want something to happen发生
that they are forced被迫 to migrate迁移
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我们不想在没有准备的情况下
07:53
without having been prepared准备 to do so.
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让任何逼迫他们移民的事件发生
07:56
Of course课程, our culture文化 is very different不同,
our society社会 is very different不同,
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当然了,我们的文化很不同,
我们的社会也很不同
07:59
and once一旦 we migrate迁移
into a different不同 environment环境,
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一旦我们移民到一个陌生的环境
08:01
a different不同 culture文化,
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一种不同的文化
08:03
there's a whole整个 lot
of adjustments调整 that are required需要.
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需要很多的调整
08:06
CACA: Well, there's forced被迫 migration移民
in your country's past过去,
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克里斯安德森:过去,
你的国家的人民曾经被迫迁移
08:09
and I think just this week,
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而且,我认为就在这周
08:11
just yesterday昨天
or the day before yesterday昨天,
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就在昨天或者是前天
08:14
you visited参观 these people.
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你拜访了那些人
08:16
What happened发生 here? What's the story故事 here?
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那里发生了什么?有什么故事吗?
08:18
AT: Yes, and I'm sorry,
I think somebody was asking
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汤安诺:是的,而且我很抱歉,我认为有人问
08:21
why we were sneaking鬼鬼祟祟 off
to visit访问 that place地点.
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我们为什么要偷偷摸摸地拜访那里
08:24
I had a very good reason原因, because we have
a community社区 of Kiribati基里巴斯 people
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我有一个很好的原因,
因为有一群基里巴斯人
08:28
living活的 in that part部分
of the Solomon所罗门 Islands岛屿,
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居住在所罗门群岛上
08:32
but these were people who were relocated搬迁
from the Phoenix凤凰 Islands岛屿, in fact事实,
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但是实际上,在二十世纪六十年代
08:36
in the 1960s.
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那些人是改住在菲尼克斯群岛上的
08:37
There was serious严重 drought干旱, and the people
could not continue继续 to live生活 on the island,
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那里有很严重的干旱,
而那些人不能继续居住在那个岛屿上 了
08:42
and so they were moved移动
to live生活 here in the Solomon所罗门 Islands岛屿.
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所以他们搬到了所罗门群岛上
08:45
And so yesterday昨天 it was very interesting有趣
to meet遇到 with these people.
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所以,昨天和那些人的见面时一件很有趣的事情
08:48
They didn't know who I was.
They hadn't有没有 heard听说 of me.
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他们不知道我是谁,他们没有听说过我
08:51
Some of them later后来 recognized认可 me,
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有些人后来认出我了
08:53
but I think they were very happy快乐.
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但是我认为他们非常高兴
08:57
Later后来 they really wanted to have
the opportunity机会 to welcome欢迎 me formally正式地.
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之后,他们很想有正是欢迎我的机会
09:01
But I think what I saw yesterday昨天
was very interesting有趣
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但是,我认为,我昨天的所见很有趣
09:05
because here I see our people.
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因为我见到了我祖国的人民
09:07
I spoke in our language语言, and of course课程
they spoke back, they replied回答,
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我说的是我自己的雨燕,
当然,他们也回答了,也回复了
09:12
but their accent口音, they are beginning开始
not to be able能够 to speak说话 Kiribati基里巴斯 properly正确.
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但是它们的口音,
他们开始不能正确地说基里巴斯语了
09:17
I saw them, there was
this lady淑女 with red teeth.
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我看到他们,那里有有着红色牙齿的女士
09:20
She was chewing咀嚼 betel nuts坚果,
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她在吃槟榔
09:22
and it's not something we do in Kiribati基里巴斯.
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而我们在基里巴斯是不会这么做的
09:24
We don't chew betel nuts坚果.
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我们不吃槟榔
09:27
I met会见 also a family家庭 who have married已婚
the local本地 people here,
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我还见到了一个娶了当地人的家庭
09:33
and so this is what is happening事件.
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所以,这就是正在发生的
09:37
As you go into another另一个 community社区,
there are bound to be changes变化.
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当你踏入另一个社会,你就一定会有所改变
09:40
There is bound to be
a certain某些 loss失利 of identity身分,
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而这种改变意味着一种身份的丢失
09:45
and this is what we will be
looking for in the future未来
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如果我们移民,在我们移民的那一刻,这就是
09:48
if and when we do migrate迁移.
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我们未来要面对的
09:51
CACA: It must必须 have been
just an extraordinarily异常 emotional情绪化 day
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克里斯安德森:
那一定是一个不同寻常的感性的一天
09:54
because of these questions问题 about identity身分,
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由于那些关于身份的问题
09:57
the joy喜悦 of seeing眼看 you and perhaps也许
an emphasized强调 sense of what they had lost丢失.
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看到你的那种高兴,也许,
更强烈地意识到他们损失了什么
10:02
And it's very inspiring鼓舞人心 to hear you say
you're going to fight斗争 to the end结束
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而听到你说你会一直奋斗到最后,
会一直让你的祖国不改变当前的位置
10:05
to try to preserve保留
the nation国家 in a location位置.
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是一件很令人有所感慨的事情
10:10
AT: This is our wish希望.
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汤安诺:这是我们的愿望
10:11
Nobody没有人 wants ever to leave离开 their home,
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没有人想离开他们的家
10:14
and so it's been
a very difficult decision决定 for me.
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所以这对于我而言是一个很困难的决定
10:17
As a leader领导, you don't make plans计划
to leave离开 your island, your home,
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作为一个领导者,
你不会计划离开你的岛屿,你的家
10:23
and so I've been asked
on a number of occasions场合,
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我时常被被问,
10:25
"So how do you feel?"
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“那么,你有什么感受?”
10:26
And it doesn't feel good at all.
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我感觉一点都不好
10:29
It's an emotional情绪化 thing,
and I've tried试着 to live生活 with it,
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这是一件感性的事情,
我尝试这容忍它
10:33
and I know that on occasions场合, I'm accused被告
of not trying to solve解决 the problem问题
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我知道在那些场合上,
我被人指责,说我没有努力解决问题
10:38
because I can't solve解决 the problem问题.
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1976
是因为我不能解决它
10:40
It's something that's got
to be doneDONE collectively.
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这是发生过很多次的事情
10:43
Climate气候 change更改 is a global全球 phenomenon现象,
and as I've often经常 argued争论,
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全球变暖是一件全球性的现象,
而且,如同我经常讲的一样
10:49
unfortunately不幸, the countries国家,
when we come to the United联合的 Nations国家 --
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不幸的是,这些国家,
当我们来到联合国的时候
10:53
I was in a meeting会议 with
the Pacific和平的 Island Forum论坛 countries国家
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我在太平洋岛屿论坛上参加一个会议
10:58
where Australia澳大利亚 and New Zealand新西兰
are also members会员,
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澳大利亚和新西兰也都在场
11:01
and we had an argument论据.
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然后我们有一场争论
11:02
There was a bit of a story故事 in the news新闻
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新闻上有讲述播过一小部分
11:05
because they were arguing争论
that to cut emissions排放,
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因为他们在谈论减少温室气体
11:09
it would be something
that they're unable无法 to do
200
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是一件他们做不到的事情
11:12
because it would affect影响 the industries行业.
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因为它会影响工业
11:15
And so here I was saying,
202
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所以我说
11:16
OK, I hear you,
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好的,我听到了
11:19
I understand理解 what you're saying,
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我能理解你所说的
11:20
but try also to understand理解 what I'm saying
205
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但是试着理解我所说的
11:23
because if you do not cut your emissions排放,
206
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因为如果你不减少你们国家的温室气体
11:25
then our survival生存 is on the line线.
207
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我们就会命悬一线
11:28
And so it's a matter for you
to weigh称重 this, these moral道德 issues问题.
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所以你们应该掂量掂量这些道德问题
11:32
It's about industry行业 as opposed反对 to
the survival生存 of a people.
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这是关于工业和人们的生存
11:36
CACA: You know, I ask you yesterday昨天
what made制作 you angry愤怒,
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克里斯安德森:你知道的,
我昨天问你什么惹你生气
11:39
and you said, "I don't get angry愤怒."
But then you paused暂停.
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然后你说:“我不会生气的。”
但是之后你停顿了一下
11:42
I think this made制作 you angry愤怒.
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我认为这就是惹你生气的事情
11:44
AT: I'd refer参考 you to my earlier
statement声明 at the United联合的 Nations国家.
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汤安诺:我想你是指
我之前在联合国发表的观点
11:49
I was very angry愤怒, very frustrated受挫
and then depressed郁闷.
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我十分生气,很沮丧,也很失望
11:54
There was a sense of futility无用
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1976
觉得毫无希望
11:56
that we are fighting战斗 a fight斗争
that we have no hope希望 of winning胜利.
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5456
就像我们在打一没有胜算的仗
12:01
I had to change更改 my approach途径.
217
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我不得不改变的我的途径
12:03
I had to become成为 more reasonable合理
218
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我不得不变得更加合理些
12:05
because I thought people would listen
to somebody who was rational合理的,
219
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3143
因为我认为人们会聆听理智的人,
12:09
but I remain radically根本 rational合理的,
whatever随你 that is.
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但是我一直保持彻底地有理智,
无论那是什么意思。
12:11
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
12:13
CACA: Now, a core核心 part部分
of your nation's国家 identity身分 is fishing钓鱼.
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克里斯安德森:现在,
渔业是你们国家身份的核心,
12:17
I think you said pretty漂亮 much everyone大家
is involved参与 in fishing钓鱼 in some way.
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你说过大概你们国家所有人
都在某个程度上和渔业有关
12:20
AT: Well, we eat fish
every一切 day, every一切 day,
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汤安诺:嗯,我们每天,每天都吃鱼
12:23
and I think there is no doubt怀疑
that our rate of consumption消费 of fish
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而且,我认为,毫无疑问,
我们国家的鱼的消费率
12:28
is perhaps也许 the highest最高 in the world世界.
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也许是全球最高的
12:30
We don't have a lot of livestock家畜,
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我们没有很多的牲畜
12:32
so it's fish that we depend依靠 on.
228
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所以我们依靠的是鱼
12:35
CACA: So you're dependent依赖的 on fish,
both at the local本地 level水平
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3136
克里斯安德森:所以,
你们在地方上和国家
12:38
and for the revenues收入
that the country国家 receives收到
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在全球金枪鱼业的收入上
12:41
from the global全球 fishing钓鱼 business商业 for tuna金枪鱼,
231
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依赖的都是鱼
12:43
and yet然而 despite尽管 that, a few少数 years年份 ago
you took a very radical激进 step.
232
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4896
除了那个,几年前,
你做了很理智的一个决定
12:48
Can you tell us about that?
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你能讲讲那个吗?
12:50
I think something happened发生
right here in the Phoenix凤凰 Islands岛屿.
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我觉得,就在这里,
在菲尼克斯岛屿上,有件事情发生了
12:53
AT: Let me give some of the background背景
of what fish means手段 for us.
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汤安诺:让我先讲讲鱼对于我们来说意味着什么
12:58
We have one of the largest最大
tuna金枪鱼 fisheries渔业 remaining其余 in the world世界.
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我们有世界上最大的金枪鱼渔场之一
13:02
In the Pacific和平的, I think we own拥有
something like 60 percent百分
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在太平洋上,我认为我们拥有大概百分之六十的
13:05
of the remaining其余 tuna金枪鱼 fisheries渔业,
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现在仍存在的金枪鱼渔场
13:07
and it remains遗迹 relatively相对 healthy健康
for some species种类, but not all.
239
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而且,它对有些物种来说是相对健康的,
但不是所有的物种
13:11
And Kiribati基里巴斯 is one of the three
major重大的 resource资源 owners拥有者,
240
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而基里巴斯是三个主要资源,
金枪鱼资源
13:18
tuna金枪鱼 resource资源 owners拥有者.
241
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拥有者中的一个
13:19
And at the moment时刻, we have been getting得到
242
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在那个时候,我们的总收入的百分之八十到
13:23
something like 80 to 90
percent百分 of our revenue收入
243
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百分之九十都
13:26
from access访问 fees费用, license执照 fees费用.
244
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使用费和执照费
13:28
CACA: Of your national国民 revenue收入.
245
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克里斯安德森:国家总收入
13:30
AT: National国民 revenue收入,
246
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汤安诺:是的,国家总收入
13:32
which哪一个 drives驱动器 everything that we do
247
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它主宰着我们在政府,在医院,
在学校和其他一切我们有的
13:35
in governments政府, hospitals医院,
schools学校 and what have you.
248
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地方所做的一切事情
13:39
But we decided决定 to close this,
and it was a very difficult decision决定.
249
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但是我们决定关了这个渔场,
而且,这是一个非常艰难的决定
13:44
I can assure保证 you, politically政治上,
locally本地, it was not easy简单,
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我可以告诉你,无论在政治上还是在地方上,
这都是一个很困难的决定
13:50
but I was convinced相信 that we had to do this
251
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但是,我深信,为了确保渔业保持稳定
13:54
in order订购 to ensure确保
that the fishery渔业 remains遗迹 sustainable可持续发展.
252
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我们不得不这么做
13:58
There had been some indications适应症
that some of the species种类,
253
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有一些征兆,有的物种
14:01
in particular特定 the bigeye大眼睛,
was under serious严重 threat威胁.
254
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4136
尤其是大眼鲹,岌岌可危
14:05
The yellowfin was also heavily严重 fished捕鱼.
255
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3376
黄鳍也被过度捕捉
14:09
Skipjack飞鱼 remains遗迹 healthy健康.
256
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飞鱼保持健康
14:10
And so we had to do something like that,
and so that was the reason原因 I did that.
257
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所以,我们不得不做那样的事情,
这就是我这么做的原因
14:15
Another另一个 reason原因 why I did that
258
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另一个原因
14:19
was because I had been asking
the international国际 community社区
259
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是因为国际上一直在问我
14:24
that in order订购 to deal合同 with climate气候 change更改,
in order订购 to fight斗争 climate气候 change更改,
260
852160
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为了解决全球变暖,为了对抗全球变暖
14:28
there has got to be sacrifice牺牲,
there has got to be commitment承诺.
261
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一定会有牺牲,一定会有承诺
14:32
So in asking the international国际 community社区
to make a sacrifice牺牲,
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所以,在请国际上做出牺牲之时
14:38
I thought we ourselves我们自己
need to make that sacrifice牺牲.
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我觉得我们自己也要做出牺牲
14:41
And so we made制作 the sacrifice牺牲.
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所以,我们做了那个牺牲
14:42
And forgoing前述 commercial广告 fishing钓鱼
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而且放弃菲尼克斯群岛保护区
14:47
in the Phoenix凤凰 Islands岛屿 protected保护 area
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的商业性渔业
14:50
would mean a loss失利 of revenue收入.
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意味着大量的损失
14:52
We are still trying to assess评估
what that loss失利 would be
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我们仍在努力评估着损失会是什么
14:54
because we actually其实 closed关闭 it off
at the beginning开始 of this year,
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因为我们真的在今年年初关了它
15:00
and so we will see by the end结束 of this year
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所以,今年年末我们会看到
15:02
what it means手段 in terms条款
of the lost丢失 revenue收入.
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我们的收入到底损失了多少
15:05
CACA: So there's so many许多 things
playing播放 into this.
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克里斯安德森:
所以有很多的事情涉及到了这个问题
15:08
On the one hand,
it may可能 prompt提示 healthier健康 fisheries渔业.
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在另一方面,它可能促进了更健康的渔场
15:15
I mean, how much are you able能够
to move移动 the price价钱 up
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我的意思是,你能把所剩下的部分的价格
15:17
that you charge收费 for the remaining其余 areas?
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提高多少?
15:20
AT: The negotiations谈判
have been very difficult,
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汤安诺:谈判很艰难
15:24
but we have managed管理
to raise提高 the cost成本 of a vessel船只 day.
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但是我们提高了船只进入渔场捕一天鱼的价格
15:28
For any vessel船只
to come in to fish for a day,
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对于任何要进入渔场捕一天鱼的船只
15:31
we have raised上调 the fee费用 from --
it was $6,000 and $8,000,
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我们把价格从六千美元提升到了八千美元
15:34
now to $10,000, $12,000 per vessel船只 day.
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现在到达每只船只每天一万美元,一万二美元
15:39
And so there's been
that significant重大 increase增加.
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所以,价格提高了很多
15:42
But at the same相同 time,
what's important重要 to note注意 is,
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但是于此同时,
我所要说的更重要的是
15:47
whereas in the past过去 these fishing钓鱼 boats
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在过去,这些渔船
15:51
might威力 be fishing钓鱼 in a day
and maybe catch抓住 10 tons,
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可能一天内能捕到十吨鱼
15:55
now they're catching maybe 100 tons
because they've他们已经 become成为 so efficient高效.
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943520
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他们现在可能能捕到一百吨鱼,
因为它们变得很有效率
15:59
And so we've我们已经 got to respond响应 likewise同样.
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947440
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因此,我们这样回应它们
16:02
We've我们已经 got to be very, very careful小心
because the technology技术 has so improved改善.
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949800
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我们要非常非常小心,
因为科技进步了很多
16:06
There was a time when the Brazilian巴西人 fleet舰队
moved移动 from the Atlantic大西洋 to the Pacific和平的.
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一次,巴西的船队要从大西洋到太平洋来
16:11
They couldn't不能.
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他们不能
16:12
They started开始 experimenting试验
if they could, per seSE.
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他们开始试验可不可以
16:16
But now they've他们已经 got ways方法 of doing it,
and they've他们已经 become成为 so efficient高效.
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963920
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但是,现在他们有办法了,
他们变得很有效率
16:21
CACA: Can you give us a sense
of what it's like in those negotiations谈判?
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克里斯安德森:
你能大概给我们透露一下这些谈判是什么样吗?
16:24
Because you're up against反对 companies公司
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因为你是和公司对着干
16:26
that have hundreds数以百计 of millions百万
of dollars美元 at stake赌注, essentially实质上.
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3592
他们面临着失去几百万美元的危险
16:29
How do you hold保持 the line线?
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你是怎么坚定不移地坚持下去的呢?
16:33
Is there any advice忠告 you can give
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对于那些在和同样的公司对着干的
16:35
to other leaders领导者 who are dealing交易
with the same相同 companies公司
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想让你的国家最大限度地获利
16:38
about how to get
the most for your country国家,
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得到最大限度的鱼
16:42
get the most for the fish?
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的领导,你有什么建议吗?
16:46
What advice忠告 would you give?
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你会给出什么建议呢?
16:48
AT: Well, I think we focus焦点
too often经常 on licensing许可
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汤安诺:我认为,因为我们从执照费上
16:54
in order订购 to get the rate of return返回,
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赚到的钱是所捕的鱼的总价值的百分之十,
如果是在码头卖鱼的话
16:56
because what we are getting得到
from license执照 fees费用
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2805
而不是在零售商店里卖鱼
16:59
is about 10 percent百分
of the landed登陆 value of the catch抓住
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所以我们为了保持利益
17:01
on the side of the wharf码头,
not in the retail零售 shops商店.
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在执照费上关注了很多
17:04
And we only get about 10 percent百分.
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3976
而且我们只要百分之十
17:08
What we have been trying
to do over the years年份
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我们这些年一直想取得的是
17:11
is actually其实 to increase增加
our participation参与 in the industry行业,
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真正的增加我们在工业中
17:15
in the harvesting收获, in the processing处理,
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在收获中,在过程中
17:17
and eventually终于, hopefully希望, the marketing营销.
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和,最好是,在市场中的参与
17:19
They're not easy简单 to penetrate穿透,
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1027642
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要想达到并不容易
17:23
but we are working加工 towards that,
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1031359
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但是我们在向那个方向努力
17:25
and yes, the answer回答 would be to enhance提高.
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2616
而且,是的,答案是去增强
17:28
In order订购 to increase增加 our rate of return返回,
we have to become成为 more involved参与.
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1036319
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为了增加我们的回报率,我们要参与得更多
17:32
And so we've我们已经 started开始 doing that,
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所以我们开始这么做
17:35
and we have to restructure重组 the industry行业.
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4256
我们也开始调整工业
17:40
We've我们已经 got to tell these people
that the world世界 has changed.
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3376
我们可以告诉人们,世界已经改变了
17:43
Now we want to produce生产 the fish ourselves我们自己.
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1051440
2416
现在我们想自己产鱼
17:46
CACA: And meanwhile与此同时,
for your local本地 fishermen渔民,
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2096
克里斯安德森:与此同时,
对于当地的捕鱼人
17:48
they are still able能够 to fish,
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3096
他们还可以继续捕鱼
17:51
but what is business商业 like for them?
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1059120
2456
但是他们的生意怎么样?
17:53
Is it getting得到 harder更难?
Are the waters水域 depleted耗尽?
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1061600
2336
是不是越来越难?水是不是被用光了?
17:56
Or is that being存在 run
on a sustainable可持续发展 basis基础?
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1063960
3456
或者没有稳定的收入了?
17:59
AT: For the artisanal手工 fishery渔业,
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1067440
1456
汤安诺:对于手工渔业
18:01
we do not participate参加
in the commercial广告 fishing钓鱼 activity活动
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3256
我们没有在广告宣传上面参与
18:04
except only to supply供应 the domestic国内 market市场.
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1072200
3016
除了和市场提供有关系的
18:07
The tuna金枪鱼 fishery渔业 is really
entirely完全 for the foreign国外 market市场,
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1075240
3296
金枪鱼业真的遍及国外市场
18:10
mostly大多 here in the US, Europe欧洲, Japan日本.
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1078560
6216
大多在美国,欧洲,日本
18:17
So I am a fisherman, very much,
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1084800
4536
所谓我是个捕鱼人,纯正的捕鱼人
18:21
and I used to be able能够 to catch抓住 yellowfin.
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1089360
3176
我之前可以捉黄鳝
18:24
Now it's very, very rare罕见
to be able能够 to catch抓住 yellowfin
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1092560
2776
现在,能捉黄鳝的人越来越少
18:27
because they are being存在 lifted取消
out of the water by the hundreds数以百计 of tons
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1095360
3376
因为它们被大型围网捕鱼的人
18:30
by these purse钱包 seiners围网.
333
1098760
1880
大量地从水中捕出
18:34
CACA: So here's这里的 a couple一对
of beautiful美丽 girls女孩 from your country国家.
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1102360
4936
克里斯安德森:那么,
这里有一些来自你的国家的一些美丽的女孩
18:39
I mean, as you think about their future未来,
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1107320
3216
我的意思是,当你在考虑她们的未来的时候
18:42
what message信息 would you have for them
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1110560
2656
你想和她们说什么?
18:45
and what message信息
would you have for the world世界?
337
1113240
3016
同时,你想告诉世界什么?
18:48
AT: Well, I've been telling告诉 the world世界
that we really have to do something
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1116280
3429
汤安诺:嗯,我最近一直在告诉全世界,
对于全球变暖
18:51
about what is happening事件 to the climate气候
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1119733
1843
我们一定要做些什么
18:53
because for us, it's about
the future未来 of these children孩子.
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1121600
2776
因为对于我们来说,
这是我们的孩子的未来
18:56
I have 12 grandchildren孙子, at least最小.
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1936
我至少有十二个孙子孙女
18:58
I think I have 12, my wife妻子 knows知道.
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2016
我记得我有十二个,我的妻子知道
19:00
(Laughter笑声)
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1128400
2216
(笑声)
19:02
And I think I have eight children孩子.
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1130640
3016
我觉得我有八个孩子
19:05
It's about their future未来.
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1133680
1256
这有关他们的未来
19:07
Every一切 day I see my grandchildren孙子,
about the same相同 age年龄 as these young年轻 girls女孩,
346
1134960
3736
每天,当我看见我的孙子孙女的时候,
他们大概和这些女孩子们年龄相仿
19:10
and I do wonder奇迹,
347
1138720
2416
我就在想
19:13
and I get angry愤怒 sometimes有时, yes I do.
348
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2216
我有时候也会生气,是的,我会生气
19:15
I wonder奇迹 what is to become成为 of them.
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2056
我就想他们未来会成为什么
19:17
And so it's about them
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1145480
3136
所以,我们要告诉所有人
19:20
that we should be telling告诉 everybody每个人,
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1148640
2256
这事关我们的后代
19:23
that it's not about
their own拥有 national国民 interest利益,
352
1150920
2256
而不是关于我们自己国家的利益
19:25
because climate气候 change更改,
regrettably很遗憾, unfortunately不幸,
353
1153200
3656
因为,令人遗憾的是,不幸的是,全球变暖
19:29
is viewed观看 by many许多 countries国家
as a national国民 problem问题. It's not.
354
1156880
4096
被很多国家当成各个国家的问题,而这不是
19:33
And this is the argument论据
we got into recently最近 with our partners伙伴,
355
1161000
3000
我们最近和我们的伙伴,澳大利亚人
19:36
the Australians澳大利亚人 and New Zealanders新西兰人,
356
1164024
1696
和新西兰人,有一次争论
19:37
because they said,
"We can't cut any more."
357
1165744
3312
因为他们说,“我们再也减不了了”
19:41
This is what one of the leaders领导者,
the Australian澳大利亚 leader领导, said,
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1169080
3616
有一个澳大利亚的代表说
19:44
that we've我们已经 doneDONE our part部分,
we are cutting切割 back.
359
1172720
4256
我们已经尽力了,我们已经减了
19:49
I said, What about the rest休息?
Why don't you keep it?
360
1177000
3656
我说,那剩下的呢?你为什么不留着呢?
19:52
If you could keep
the rest休息 of your emissions排放
361
1180680
2696
如果你可以吧剩下的温室气体
19:55
within your boundaries边界,
within your borders国界,
362
1183400
2296
留在你们国家的国境内
19:57
we'd星期三 have no question.
363
1185720
1776
我们就什么都不问
19:59
You can go ahead as much as you like.
364
1187520
1816
你愿意生产多少温室气体就生产多少
20:01
But unfortunately不幸,
you're sending发出 it our way,
365
1189360
2136
但是不幸的是,
你把这些温室气体送到我们这里来了
20:03
and it's affecting影响
the future未来 of our children孩子.
366
1191520
2191
而且,它在影响我们后代的未来
20:05
And so surely一定 I think that is the heart
of the problem问题 of climate气候 change更改 today今天.
367
1193735
5041
我很确信这就是全球变暖问题的关键
20:11
We will be meeting会议 in Paris巴黎
at the end结束 of this year,
368
1198800
3056
我们在今年年末都会在巴黎见面
20:14
but until直到 we can think of this
as a global全球 phenomenon现象,
369
1201880
3936
但是,我们要把全球变暖当成一个全球性的现象
20:18
because we create创建 it,
individually个别地, as nations国家,
370
1205840
3256
而这个现象是由我们,
以个人,或国家的形式造成的
20:21
but it affects影响 everybody每个人 else其他,
371
1209120
1936
但是,它影响着其他所有人
20:23
and yet然而, we refuse垃圾
to do anything about it,
372
1211080
3616
然而,我们什么措施都没有采取
20:26
and we deal合同 with it as a national国民 problem问题,
373
1214720
2456
而我们把它当成一个国家的问题
20:29
which哪一个 it is not -- it is a global全球 issue问题,
374
1217200
2096
而它不是,它是一个全球性的问题
20:31
and it's got to be
dealt处理 with collectively.
375
1219320
2720
它需要被解决
20:35
CACA: People are incredibly令人难以置信 bad
at responding响应 to graphs and numbers数字,
376
1223120
4336
克里斯安德森:
人们在回应图表和数字方面很差
20:39
and we shut关闭 our minds头脑 to it.
377
1227480
3776
我们拒绝思考
20:43
Somehow不知何故, to people, we're slightly better
at responding响应 to that sometimes有时.
378
1231280
6256
不知道为什么,有时候,
在人与人之间的对话中,我们沟通的更好
20:49
And it seems似乎 like it's
very possible可能 that your nation国家,
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1237560
2936
对于你的国家而言,看起来
20:52
despite尽管, actually其实 because of
the intense激烈 problems问题 you face面对,
380
1240520
4456
因为你们要面对很困哪的问题
20:57
you may可能 yet然而 be the warning警告 light
to the world世界 that shines most visibly明显地,
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1245000
4896
你们也许可以成为全世界最耀眼,最强大的
21:02
most powerfully有力.
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1249920
1976
那盏警告灯
21:04
I just want to thank you,
I'm sure, on behalf代表 of all of us,
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2817
我只想代表我们所有人来谢谢你
21:06
for your extraordinary非凡 leadership领导
and for being存在 here.
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1254762
2494
为你不同寻常的领导力和你来这里做客
21:09
Mr先生. President主席, thank you so much.
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1257280
1573
总统先生,非常感谢你
21:11
AT: Thank you.
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773
汤安诺:谢谢你。
21:11
(Applause掌声)
387
1259666
2454
(鼓掌)
Translated by Tiana Zhao
Reviewed by Yinchun Rui

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Anote Tong - President of the Republic of Kiribati
Anote Tong has built worldwide awareness of the potentially devastating impacts of climate change.

Why you should listen

His Excellency Anote Tong is the fourth President of the Republic of Kiribati. He was first elected as President on 10 July 2003 and subsequently won two more elections in 2007 and in 2012. He is now serving his last term, which will end in mid-2015. Under his leadership, President Anote Tong also holds the portfolio of Head of State and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Immigration.

Anote Tong was born in 1952 on Fanning Island (also known as Tabuaeran) in the Line Islands and is a member of the Kiribati House of Parliament from the constituency of Maiana Island in the central Kiribati group.

Educated in New Zealand and in England at the University of Canterbury and the London School of Economics respectively, President Tong holds a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Economics under his belt.

Since the beginning of his presidency, President Anote Tong has become a strong climate change advocate and has built worldwide awareness of the potentially devastating impacts of climate change.

He has stated on many occasions that Kiribati may cease to exist altogether and that its entire population may need to be resettled not as climate change refugees but as citizens who migrate on merit and with dignity.

With one of the lowest carbon-emission footprints in the world, Tong has often described Kiribati as a “frontline country” that has been among the first to experience dramatic climate change impacts.

As an extraordinary measure to set an example for the rest of the world, President Tong created the Phoenix Islands Protected Area, one of the largest marine protected areas in the world with a size of 408,250 square kilometers which was inscribed as a United Nations World Heritage site in 2008.

President Tong has won a number of awards and recognition that acknowledges his contribution and leadership on climate change and ocean conservation.

More profile about the speaker
Anote Tong | Speaker | TED.com