ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Phil Borges - Photographer
Dentist-turned-photographer Phil Borges documents the world's disappearing cultures, capturing portraits of exiled Tibetan monks and many of the world’s embattled tribal and indigenous cultures.

Why you should listen

Spurred by the rapid disappearance of the world's indigenous peoples and their oral traditions, Phil Borges abandoned his orthodontic practice to pursue his first love, photography. For the past 25 years, he has traveled to the farthest reaches of the globe to meet with persecuted Tibetan monks engaged in nonviolent struggle and embattled tribespeople of the Ecuadorian Amazon who must defend their way of life by any means necessary. Through interviews and portraiture, Borges examines his subjects' valuable beliefs and stories and documents their tribulations with dignity.

He is the founder of Bridges to Understanding, an interactive online classroom that promotes cross-cultural learning between indigenous and American youths. By teaching teenagers how to share stories through digital filmmaking, Borges hopes they'll develop the mental flexibility and cultural sensitivity to understand and appreciate belief systems outside their own. Borges' feature-length documentary, CRAZYWISE, takes a look at America’s mental health care crisis and examines what we could learn from the way different cultures define and treat mental illness.

More profile about the speaker
Phil Borges | Speaker | TED.com
TED2006

Phil Borges: Photos of endangered cultures

濒危文化——菲尔•鲍杰

Filmed:
1,037,731 views

摄影师菲尔•鲍杰展示了几张罕见的照片,是他拍摄的印度达兰萨拉山区里的人们,以及亚马逊厄瓜多尔地区的丛林。他的这些照片记录是为了能帮助保存这些濒危的文化。
- Photographer
Dentist-turned-photographer Phil Borges documents the world's disappearing cultures, capturing portraits of exiled Tibetan monks and many of the world’s embattled tribal and indigenous cultures. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
A fact事实
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几年前
00:27
came来了 out of MITMIT,
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从麻省理工大学传出这样一种说法。
00:30
couple一对 of years年份 ago. Ken Hale黑尔,
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一位名叫肯•霍尔的
00:32
who's谁是 a linguist语言学家,
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语言学家称,
00:34
said that of the 6,000 languages语言
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当今全世界人
00:37
spoken on Earth地球 right now,
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说的6000种语言中,
00:39
3,000 aren't spoken by the children孩子.
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有3000种并不被儿童使用。
00:42
So that in one generation,
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也就是说在下一代中,
00:45
we're going to halve对分 our cultural文化 diversity多样.
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我们的文化多样性将会减半。
00:49
He went on to say
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这位语言学家继续称,
00:51
that every一切 two weeks,
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每两周内,
00:53
an elder长老 goes to the grave
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便有会说一种语言的
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carrying携带 the last spoken word
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最后一位老人
00:57
of that culture文化.
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离开人世。
00:59
So an entire整个 philosophy哲学,
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自然界经过几个世纪
01:04
a body身体 of knowledge知识 about the natural自然 world世界
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辛苦收集来的所有知识
01:06
that had been empirically经验 gleaned收集 over centuries百年,
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以及哲学理念
01:10
goes away.
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正在逐步消失,
01:12
And this happens发生 every一切 two weeks.
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而且每两个星期就会发生这样的事。
01:16
So for the last 20 years年份,
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因此在过去的二十年间,
01:18
since以来 my dental牙齿 experience经验,
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当我还是一名牙医的时候,
01:21
I have been traveling旅行 the world世界
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我就开始周游世界,
01:24
and coming未来 back
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到处搜集一些
01:26
with stories故事 about some of these people.
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像这样的人的故事。
01:28
What I'd like to do right now
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现在我就想和你们一起
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is share分享 some of those stories故事 with you.
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分享一下其中的一些故事。
01:33
This is TamdinTamdin.
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这位是谭丁,
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She is a 69-year-old-岁 nun尼姑.
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她是一位69岁的尼姑。
01:39
She was thrown抛出 in prison监狱 in Tibet西藏 for two years年份
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她已经被关进西藏的监狱两年了,
01:42
for putting up a little tiny placard标语牌
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就因为她之前张贴了一块布告,
01:44
protesting抗议 the occupation占用 of her country国家.
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反对自己的国家被占领。
01:48
And when I met会见 her, she had just
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当我遇见她的时候,
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taken采取 a walk步行 over the Himalayas喜马拉雅山
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她刚花了30天
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from Lhasa拉萨, the capital首都 of Tibet西藏,
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从西藏省会拉萨徒步穿过喜马拉雅山,
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into Nepal尼泊尔, across横过 to India印度 --
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经过尼泊尔,
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30 days --
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最终到达印度
02:00
to meet遇到 her leader领导, the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛.
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来见住在达兰萨拉市的领头人
02:03
The Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛 lives生活 in Dharamsala达兰萨拉, India印度.
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——达赖喇嘛。
02:05
So I took this picture图片 three days
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这张照片
02:07
after she arrived到达,
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是她到达三天后我拍的,
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and she had this beat-up殴打 pair of tennis网球 shoes on,
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她当时脚上穿着破旧的跑鞋,
02:11
with her toes脚趾 sticking症结 out.
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脚趾头都伸了出来。
02:13
And she crossed越过 in March游行,
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而且她是三月份走过来的,
02:15
and there's a lot of snow at 18,500 feet in March游行.
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当时在三月,那里的雪深可达18500英尺。
02:20
This is PaldinPaldin.
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这位是宝丁,
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PaldinPaldin is a 62-year-old-岁 monk.
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他是一位62岁的僧侣。
02:24
And he spent花费 33 years年份 in prison监狱.
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他在监狱里呆了33年,
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His whole整个 monastery修道院 was thrown抛出 into prison监狱
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那是在起义的时候,
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at the time of the uprising起义,
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整个修道院的僧侣被关进监狱,
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when the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛 had to leave离开
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而达赖喇嘛
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Tibet西藏.
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也被迫离开西藏。
02:39
And
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在监狱的这些年中,
02:41
he was beaten殴打, starved饥饿,
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宝丁一直处于挨打、挨饿、被虐待的状态,
02:44
tortured折磨 -- lost丢失 all his teeth while in prison监狱.
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牙齿甚至都全部掉光了。
02:46
And when I met会见 him, he was a kind gentle温和 old man.
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但当我见到他时,他给我感觉是一个非常和蔼温和的老人。
02:50
And it really impressed印象深刻 me --
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这一点真的给我留下了很深的印象,
02:52
I met会见 him two weeks after he got out of prison监狱 --
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我就在他出狱后的两周内见到了他,
02:55
that he went through通过 that experience经验, and ended结束 up
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而他经历了过去的那么多事之后,
02:57
with the demeanor风度 that he had.
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却仍保持着他应有的风度。
03:00
So I was in Dharamsala达兰萨拉 meeting会议 these people,
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我在达兰萨拉市会见这样的人,
03:03
and I'd spent花费 about five weeks there,
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在我呆那儿的五个星期里,
03:06
and I was hearing听力 these similar类似 stories故事
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总是听到像这样
03:08
of these refugees难民 that had poured out of Tibet西藏
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被赶出西藏躲到达兰萨拉的
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into Dharamsala达兰萨拉.
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那些难民讲述类似的故事。
03:13
And it just so happened发生, on the fifth第五 week,
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然后就在第五个星期,
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there was a public上市 teaching教学 by the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛.
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那里举行了一次达赖喇嘛的公开教学。
03:20
And
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我看着
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I was watching观看 this crowd人群 of monks和尚 and nuns修女,
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这一群僧侣尼姑,
03:25
many许多 of which哪一个 I had just interviewed采访,
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他们中的很多人我刚采访过,
03:27
and heard听说 their stories故事,
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听过他们的故事,
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and I watched看着 their faces面孔,
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我看着他们的面容。
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and they gave us a little FM调频 radio无线电,
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他们给了我们一个小型的调频收音机,
03:34
and we could listen to the translation翻译 of his teachings教导.
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我们便可以听到教学内容的翻译。
03:37
And what he said was:
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他当时是这样说的:
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treat对待 your enemies敌人 as if they were precious珍贵 jewels珠宝,
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像对待珍宝一样对待你们的敌人,
03:43
because it's your enemies敌人
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因为正是这些敌人
03:45
that build建立 your tolerance公差 and patience忍耐
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培养了你的忍耐力,
03:48
on the road to your enlightenment启示.
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这有助于通往觉悟之门。
03:52
That hit击中 me so hard,
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这些话彻底震惊了我,
03:56
telling告诉 these people that had been through通过 this experience经验.
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他竟然告诉这些经历了这么多苦难的人们这些话。
04:00
So, two months个月 later后来, I went into
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因此,两个月后,我去了西藏。
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Tibet西藏, and I started开始
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我开始采访当地一些人,
04:05
interviewing面试 the people there, taking服用 my photographs照片. That's what I do.
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也拍了一些照。那就是我所做的事,
04:08
I interview访问 and do portraits画像.
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采访,并把他们的相貌拍下来。
04:11
And this is a little girl女孩.
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这位是个小女孩,
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I took her portrait肖像 up on top最佳 of the Jokhang大昭寺 Temple寺庙.
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我是在大昭寺的顶上拍下了她,
04:16
And I'd snuck偷传 in --
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由于在西藏,
04:18
because it's totally完全 illegal非法 to have a picture图片 of the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛 in Tibet西藏 --
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拥有一张达赖喇嘛的照片是完全犯法的一件事,
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it's the quickest最快 way you can get arrested被捕.
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这会使你最快进监狱。
04:26
So I snuck偷传 in a bunch of little wallet-sized钱包大小 pictures图片 of the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛,
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因此我偷偷地拿出了几张钱夹尺寸的达赖喇嘛的照片,
04:29
and I would hand them out.
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然后我把这些照片都发了出去。
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And when I gave them to the people,
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当我分发给当地人时,
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they'd他们会 either hold保持 them to their heart,
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他们要么把照片贴在胸口,
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or they'd他们会 hold保持 them up to their head and just stay there.
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要么把照片高高举过头顶,就那样站在那儿不动。
04:39
And this is --
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这些
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well, at the time -- I did this 10 years年份 ago --
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都是我在十年前做的事,
04:43
that was 36 years年份 after the Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛 had left.
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那是达赖喇嘛离开后的第36年。
04:48
So
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我继续采访着这些人,
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I was going in, interviewing面试 these people and doing their portraits画像.
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给他们拍照。
04:53
This is Jigme晋美 and her sister妹妹, Sonam索南.
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这是吉美和她的妹妹索南,
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And they live生活 up on the Chang Tang, the Tibetan Plateau高原,
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他们住在位于国家西部的
04:58
way in the western西 part部分 of the country国家.
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青藏高原羌塘地区。
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This is at 17,000 feet.
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那里的海拔有17000英尺,
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And they had just come down from the high pastures牧场,
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他们刚从更高的
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at 18,000 feet.
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海拔18000英尺的牧场下来。
05:08
Same相同 thing: gave her a picture图片,
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同样的事情发生了,当我给她那张照片时,
05:10
she held保持 it up to her forehead前额.
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她把它高举到前额处。
05:12
And I usually平时 hand out Polaroids宝丽来
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我每次都是拿出宝丽来相机给他们拍照,
05:15
when I do these, because I'm setting设置 up lights灯火,
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这样可以
05:17
and checking检查 my lights灯火,
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调整检查光线,
05:19
and when I showed显示 her her Polaroid宝丽来, she screamed尖叫 and ran into her tent帐篷.
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但当我拿出相机时,她尖叫着跑回了帐篷。
05:24
This is Tenzin丹增 Gyatso嘉措;
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这位是丹增嘉措,
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he was found发现 to be the Buddha of Compassion同情 at the age年龄 of two,
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他在两岁时
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out in a peasant's农民 house,
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在一个偏僻的农民家里
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way out in the middle中间 of nowhere无处.
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被奉为观世音菩萨。
05:35
At the age年龄 of four, he was installed安装
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四岁时,
05:37
as the 14th Dalai达赖 Lama喇嘛.
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他被任为第14世达赖喇嘛。
05:40
As a teenager青少年, he faced面对
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他还是个十几岁的孩子时,
05:42
the invasion侵入 of his country国家,
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就面临着国家被入侵的危险,
05:44
and had to deal合同 with it -- he was the leader领导 of the country国家.
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而他作为国家领导者,必须站出来处理这件事。
05:47
Eight years年份 later后来, when they discovered发现 there was a plot情节
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八年后,人们发现有人想要谋杀他,
05:49
to kill him,
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于是
05:51
they dressed连衣裙的 him up like a beggar乞丐
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他们将他化妆成乞丐的样子,
05:53
and snuck偷传 him out of the country国家 on horseback马背,
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让他骑着马偷偷溜出了国家,
05:56
and took the same相同 trip that TamdinTamdin did.
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然后踏上了和谭丁一样的旅程。
05:59
And he's never been back to his country国家 since以来.
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从那以后他便一直在印度住了下去,从未回过国。
06:03
And
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46年后,
06:05
if you think about this man,
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丹增嘉措
06:07
46 years年份 later后来,
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面对这么严重的
06:09
still sticking症结
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政治和人权问题,
06:11
to this non-violent非暴力 response响应
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仍然坚持
06:15
to a severe严重 political政治 and human人的 rights权利 issue问题.
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非暴力处理这件事,
06:19
And the young年轻 people,
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然而一些年轻的西藏人却开始说:
06:21
young年轻 Tibetans西藏人, are starting开始 to say, listen, this doesn't work.
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听着,非暴力解决不了问题。
06:24
You know, violence暴力 as a political政治 tool工具
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大家都知道,
06:26
is all the rage愤怒 right now.
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暴力作为一种政治工具在当今世界大行其道,
06:28
And
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然而
06:31
he still is holding保持 this line线.
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丹增嘉措仍然坚持非暴力这条底线,
06:33
So this is our icon图标
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这便是
06:35
to non-violence非暴力 in our world世界 --
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今世界支持非暴力的
06:38
one of our living活的 icons图标.
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个活生生的楷模。
06:41
This is another另一个 leader领导 of his people.
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这是另一位领头人,
06:43
This is Moi莫伊. This is in the Ecuadorian厄瓜多尔 Amazon亚马逊.
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叫摩伊。这是在厄瓜多尔的亚马逊流域,
06:46
And Moi莫伊 is 35 years年份 old.
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摩伊今年35岁。
06:49
And
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1972年
06:51
this area of the Ecuadorian厄瓜多尔 Amazon亚马逊 --
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在这块亚马逊流域内
06:53
oil was discovered发现 in 1972.
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开采出了石油。
06:56
And in this period of time -- since以来 that time --
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自从那时起,
06:59
as much oil, or twice两次 as much oil
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不断有石油泄露在亚马逊流域的这一小块地区,
07:02
as was spilled in the Exxon埃克森 Valdez瓦尔迪兹 accident事故,
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数量有埃克森-瓦尔迪兹号事件泄露的石油那么多,
07:05
was spilled in this little area of the Amazon亚马逊,
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甚至有两倍多,
07:08
and the tribes部落 in this area have constantly经常 had to move移动.
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那个地区的部落不得不一直迁徙。
07:12
And Moi莫伊
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摩伊
07:14
belongs属于 to the Huaorani华拉尼 tribe部落,
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属于华欧拉尼族人,
07:16
and they're known已知 as
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他们以凶猛著称,
07:18
very fierce激烈, they're known已知 as "aucaAUCA."
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被称作“奥卡族”。
07:20
And they've他们已经 managed管理 to keep out
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他们拿着长矛和吹矢枪
07:23
the seismologists地震学家 and the oil workers工人
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赶走了地震学家
07:25
with spears布兰妮 and blowguns风枪.
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以及开采石油的工人。
07:28
And we spent花费 --
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我们团队
07:30
I was with a team球队 --
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用了两周的时间
07:33
two weeks with these guys out in the jungle丛林
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和这些家伙一起在树林中
07:36
watching观看 them hunt打猎.
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观察他们打猎,
07:38
This was on a monkey hunt打猎,
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他们用带着毒素的
07:40
hunting狩猎 with curare-tipped箭毒放倒 darts飞镖.
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镶齿飞镖猎猴。
07:43
And the knowledge知识 that these people have
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这些人对大自然的认识了解
07:46
about the natural自然 environment环境 is incredible难以置信.
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简直让人难以置信,
07:48
They could hear things, smell things, see things I couldn't不能 see.
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他们能听到、闻到、看到一些我听不到、闻不到、看不到的东西。
07:52
And I couldn't不能 even see the monkeys猴子
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我甚至都看不到
07:54
that they were
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那些他们用飞镖
07:56
getting得到 with these darts飞镖.
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投射到的野猴。
08:00
This is Yadira亚迪拉,
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这位是
08:02
and Yadira亚迪拉 is
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五岁的
08:04
five years年份 old. She's in a
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亚迪拉,
08:07
tribe部落 that's neighboring邻接 the Huaorani华拉尼.
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她住在一个邻近华欧拉尼族的部落,
08:10
And her tribe部落 has had to move移动
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由于石油泄露,
08:12
three times in the last 10 years年份 because of the oil spills泄漏.
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在过去的十年间他们的部落已经迁徙了三次,
08:16
And we never hear about that. And the latest最新
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而我们却从未听说过。
08:19
infraction侵害 against反对 these people is,
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最近又有一件破坏这里环境的事发生,
08:22
as part部分 of Plan计划 Colombia哥伦比亚,
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作为哥伦比亚计划的一部分,
08:24
we're spraying Paraquat百草枯 or Round回合 Up, whatever随你 it is --
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人们将在这里喷洒除草剂——无论是百草枯、草甘膦还是其它品种,
08:27
we're defoliating落叶 thousands数千 of acres
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在这场农药战争中
08:30
of the Ecuadorian厄瓜多尔 Amazon亚马逊
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厄瓜多尔的亚马逊流域内成千上万英亩的树林
08:32
in our war战争 on drugs毒品.
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将毁于一旦。
08:34
And these people are the people who take the brunt首当其冲 of it.
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而承担这一切的便是这里的当地人。
08:38
This is MengatoueMengatoue.
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这位是蒙伽透,
08:40
He's the shaman of the Huaorani华拉尼,
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他是华欧拉尼族的萨满法师。
08:42
and
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他只是对我们这样说:
08:45
he said to us, you know, I'm an older旧的 man now;
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“你知道,我已经老了,
08:48
I'm getting得到 tired, you know; I'm tired
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也越来越疲惫了,你知道,
08:50
of spearing斯皮林 these oil workers工人.
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用长矛赶那些石油工人让我厌烦,
08:52
I wish希望 they would just go away.
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我只希望他们离开。”
08:57
And I was -- I usually平时 travel旅行 alone单独
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当我工作的时候总是独自旅行,
09:00
when I do my work, but I did this --
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然而这次我做了一件事——
09:03
I hosted托管 a program程序 for Discovery发现,
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我为探索频道举办了一期节目,
09:05
and when I went down with the team球队,
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当我和团队一起进入那个部落时,
09:08
I was quite相当 concerned关心 about
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我非常想深入了解这些人,
09:11
going in with a whole整个 bunch of people, especially特别 into the Huaorani华拉尼,
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特别是
09:14
deep into the Huaorani华拉尼 tribe部落.
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华欧拉尼族。
09:16
And
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而事实证明,
09:18
as it turned转身 out, these guys really
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这些家伙的确
09:20
taught me a thing or two about blending混纺 in
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就如何与当地人打交道
09:23
with the locals当地人.
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教了我一二。
09:25
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
09:28
One of the things I did
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就在911事件之前的
09:31
just before 9/11 --
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2001年8月,
09:34
August八月 of 2001 --
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我带着儿子
09:36
I took my son儿子, Dax达克斯,
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达克斯
09:38
who was 16 at the time,
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去了巴基斯坦,
09:41
and I took him to Pakistan巴基斯坦.
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当时他16岁。
09:43
Because at first I wanted --
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过去
09:45
you know, I've taken采取 him on a couple一对 of trips旅行,
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我也带他旅行过几次,
09:47
but I wanted him to see
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而这次我想让他看看
09:49
people that live生活 on a dollar美元 a day or less.
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那些一天只靠一美元甚至更少的钱活着的人的生活,
09:52
I wanted him to get an experience经验
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我想让他体验
09:54
in the Islamic清真 world世界
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伊斯兰教的世界。
09:56
and I also wanted him to --
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当时
09:59
I was going there to work with a group,
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我是和一群人一起去那儿的,
10:01
do a story故事 on a group called the Kalash卡拉什,
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报道一群叫卡拉什的部落,
10:03
that are a group of animists万物有灵论者, 3,000 animists万物有灵论者,
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那是个有3000信奉精灵的人的部落,
10:05
that live生活 -- very small area --
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他们住在被伊斯兰教徒围绕着的一块非常小的地区,
10:09
surrounded包围 by Islam伊斯兰教 -- there's 3,000
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卡拉什部落只有这3000人留下,
10:12
of these Kalash卡拉什 left; they're incredible难以置信 people.
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他们都是一些不可思议的人。
10:16
So it was a great experience经验 for him. He stayed up all night with them,
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因此这对我儿子来说也是次特别的经历。
10:19
drumming鼓声 and dancing跳舞.
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他和这些人晚上通宵未睡,打鼓起舞,
10:21
And he brought a soccer足球 ball,
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他买了个足球,
10:23
and we had soccer足球 every一切 night in this little village.
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于是每晚我们便在这个小村庄里踢足球。
10:26
And then we went up
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然后我们去见了
10:28
and met会见 their shaman.
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他们的萨满法师,
10:30
By the way, MengatoueMengatoue was the shaman
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顺便提一下,
10:32
of his tribe部落 as well.
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蒙伽透也是他们部落的萨满法师。
10:34
And this is John约翰 DoolikahnDoolikahn,
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卡拉什部落的巫师叫
10:36
who's谁是 the shaman of the Kalash卡拉什.
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约翰•杜利坎,
10:39
And he's up in the mountains,
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他住在
10:41
right on the border边境 with Afghanistan阿富汗.
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与阿富汗交界处的高山上。
10:43
In fact事实, on that other side is the area, Tora Bora宝来,
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其实在那另一边的托拉博拉地区,
10:46
the area where
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就是奥萨马•本拉登的藏身之处。
10:49
Osama乌萨马 bin箱子 Laden's拉登的 supposed应该 to be. This is the tribal部落的 area.
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这是个部落地区,
10:52
And we watched看着
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我们和
10:55
and stayed with
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杜利坎
10:57
John约翰 DoolikahnDoolikahn.
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呆在一起观看。
10:59
And the shaman -- I did a whole整个 series系列 on shamanism黄教,
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我对萨满教做过一系列的研究,
11:02
which哪一个 is
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我觉得
11:04
an interesting有趣 phenomenon现象.
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这是个很有趣的现象。
11:06
But around the world世界,
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他们在全世界内
11:08
they go into trance发呆 in different不同 ways方法,
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用不同的方式对人进行催眠活动,
11:10
and in Pakistan巴基斯坦,
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在巴基斯坦,
11:12
the way they do it is they burn烧伤 juniper杜松 leaves树叶
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他们的方式是燃烧杜松叶,
11:15
and they sacrifice牺牲 an animal动物,
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然后用一头动物来祭祀,
11:18
pour the blood血液 of the animal动物 on the leaves树叶
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将动物的血洒在叶子上,
11:20
and then inhale吸入 the smoke抽烟.
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然后吸入烟雾,
11:22
And they're all praying祈祷
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而且进行催眠的时候
11:25
to the mountain gods
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他们总是会
11:28
as they go into trance发呆.
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向山神祷告。
11:32
You know,
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这就是
11:34
getting得到 kids孩子 used to different不同 realities现实,
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让孩子习惯不同的现实,
11:38
I think, is so important重要. What Dan Dennett丹尼特 said the other day --
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我觉得这一点很重要。丹•丹尼特以前说过:
11:42
having a curriculum课程 where they study研究 different不同 religions宗教,
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要让孩子们上一节可以从中学到不同宗教的课程,
11:45
just to make a mental心理 flexibility灵活性,
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只是为了让他们的思想
11:47
give them a mental心理 flexibility灵活性
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能在不同的信仰系统里
11:49
in different不同 belief信仰 systems系统 --
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能在不同的信仰系统里变得灵活。
11:51
I think this is so necessary必要 in our world世界 today今天
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当今世界各种不同信仰之间的冲突越来越频繁,
11:54
as you see these clash冲突 of beliefs信仰 taking服用 place地点.
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包括发生的一切有关安全的事件
11:58
And all the security安全 issues问题 they cause原因 us.
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都让我觉得很有必要给孩子上这样的一课。
12:02
So, one thing we did five years年份 ago:
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因此五年前我们做了这样一件事:
12:05
we started开始 a program程序 that links链接 kids孩子
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我们开设了一个
12:08
in indigenous土著 communities社区 with kids孩子 in the United联合的 States状态.
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连接土著孩子和美国孩子的项目。
12:10
So we first hooked迷上 up
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起初我们连接了
12:13
a spot in the Navajo纳瓦霍 Nation国家 with a classroom课堂 in Seattle西雅图.
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纳瓦霍族的一个地区和西雅图的一间教室,
12:18
We now have 15 sites网站.
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而现在我们连接了15个地方。
12:21
We have one in Kathmandu加德满都, Nepal尼泊尔;
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尼泊尔的加德满都,
12:24
Dharamsala达兰萨拉, India印度; Takaungu塔卡温古, Kenya肯尼亚 --
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印度的达兰萨拉,肯尼亚的塔卡温古
12:26
Takaungu塔卡温古 is one-third三分之一 Christian基督教, one-third三分之一 Muslim穆斯林
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(在塔卡温古,有三分之一基督徒,三分之一穆斯林徒,
12:29
and one-third三分之一 animist万物有灵论者, the community社区 is --
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另外三分之一信奉精灵的人),
12:32
Ollantaytambo奥扬泰坦博, Peru秘鲁,
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秘鲁的坦波,
12:34
and Arctic北极 Village, Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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以及阿拉斯加州的北极村,这些都是我们的项目地点。
12:36
This is Daniel丹尼尔; he's one of our students学生们
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这位是丹尼尔,
12:38
in Arctic北极 Village, Alaska阿拉斯加州.
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他是阿拉斯加州北极村的一位学生。
12:40
He lives生活 in this log日志 cabin --
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他住在这个小木屋里,
12:42
no running赛跑 water, no heat other than --
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没有自来水,没有暖气,
12:45
no windows视窗
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没有窗户,
12:47
and high-speed高速 Internet互联网 connection连接.
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更没有高速的互联网连接。
12:49
And this is --
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这样的情况
12:51
I see this rolling压延 out all over --
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到处都是,
12:53
this is our site现场 in Ollantaytambo奥扬泰坦博, Peru秘鲁, four years年份 ago,
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这是秘鲁坦波,我们的项目地点之一,
12:56
where they first saw their first computers电脑;
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四年前,他们第一次见到了电脑,
12:58
now they have computers电脑 in their classrooms教室.
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现在他们教室里已经有了电脑。
13:01
And the way we've我们已经 doneDONE this --
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我们教这些孩子
13:03
we teach digital数字 storytelling评书 to these kids孩子.
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数字化讲故事的方法,
13:06
And we have them tell stories故事 about issues问题 in their community社区
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我们让他们讲
13:09
in their community社区 that they care关心 about.
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自己关心的群落里的故事。
13:11
And this is in Peru秘鲁, where the kids孩子 told the story故事
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这是在秘鲁,
13:13
about a river that they cleaned清洗 up.
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孩子们讲了一个关于他们清理过的河流的故事。
13:15
And the way we do it is, we do it in workshops研讨会,
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我们采取工作坊的形式,
13:18
and we bring带来 people who want to learn学习
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请来一些想学
13:21
digital数字 workflow工作流程 and storytelling评书,
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数字化流程以及数字化讲故事的人们,
13:25
and have them
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让他们
13:27
work with the kids孩子.
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和这些孩子在一起。
13:29
And just this last year we've我们已经 taken采取 a group of teenagers青少年 in,
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就在去年,我们带去了一组十几岁的孩子,
13:33
and this has worked工作 the best最好.
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这是效果最好的一次。
13:35
So our dream梦想 is to bring带来 teenagers青少年 together一起,
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因此我们的梦想便是将这些青少年连接在一起,
13:37
so they'll他们会 have a community社区 service服务 experience经验
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让他们有社会服务的经历,
13:40
as well as a cross-cultural跨文化 experience经验,
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也让他们体验跨文化的冲击,
13:43
as they teach kids孩子 in these areas
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因为这些孩子会教当地的同龄人,
13:45
and help them build建立 their communication通讯 infrastructure基础设施.
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并帮他们掌握与人交流的基本能力。
13:48
This is teaching教学 PhotoshopPhotoshop中
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这是在达兰萨拉市的一个西藏儿童村子里
13:51
in the Tibetan children's儿童 village in Dharamsala达兰萨拉.
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教他们处理图像。
13:55
We have the website网站, where the kids孩子 all get their homepage主页.
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我们让这些孩子制作自己的主页,
13:58
This is all their movies电影. We've我们已经 got about 60 movies电影
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这些都是他们做的影片,
14:00
that these kids孩子 have made制作,
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我们一共收到了大约60份这些孩子做的影片,
14:02
and they're quite相当 incredible难以置信.
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这简直是令人难以置信。
14:04
The one I want to show显示 you --
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他们制作完影片后,
14:06
after we get them to make the movies电影,
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有一晚我们向整个群落的人
14:09
we have a night where we show显示 the movies电影 to the community社区.
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展示了这些影片。
14:12
And this is in Takaungu塔卡温古 --
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这是在塔卡温古,
14:14
we've我们已经 got a generator发电机 and a digital数字 projector放映机,
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我们拥有一个发生器和数码放映机,
14:16
and we're projecting突出 it up against反对 a barn谷仓,
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我们在一间谷仓里
14:18
and showing展示 one of the movies电影 that they made制作.
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放映其中的一部影片。
14:21
And if you get a chance机会, you can go to our website网站, and you'll你会 see
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若你们有机会,可以去访问我们的网站,
14:24
the incredible难以置信 work these kids孩子 do.
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便能欣赏到这些孩子制作出来的不可思议的影片。
14:27
The other thing:
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另一方面,
14:30
I wanted to give indigenous土著 people a voice语音.
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我也想让土著孩子有表达想法的机会,
14:32
That was one of the big motivating激励 factors因素.
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那也是这个项目主要的目的之一。
14:35
But the other motivating激励 factor因子 is
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然而另一个主要的目的是
14:37
the insular nature性质 of our country国家.
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让美国人了解自己的本土文化。
14:40
National国民 Geographic地理 just did a Roper罗珀 Study研究
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《国家地理》杂志刚做了个罗珀研究,
14:43
of 18 to 26 year olds孩子
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对象是美国
14:46
in our country国家
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以及其他九个工业国家的
14:48
and in nine other industrialized工业化 countries国家.
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18至26岁的人。
14:51
It was a two million百万 dollar美元 study研究.
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这个研究耗费了两百万美元,
14:53
United联合的 States状态 came来了 in second第二 to last
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美国人的地理知识
14:56
in geographic地理 knowledge知识.
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排倒数第二。
14:58
70 percent百分 of the kids孩子 couldn't不能 find
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70%的孩子在地图上
15:00
Afghanistan阿富汗 or Iraq伊拉克 on a map地图;
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找不到阿富汗以及伊拉克,
15:03
60 percent百分 couldn't不能 find India印度;
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60%找不到印度,
15:06
30 percent百分 couldn't不能 find the Pacific和平的 Ocean海洋.
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30%找不到太平洋,
15:09
And this is a study研究
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而这个研究
15:11
that was just doneDONE a couple一对 of years年份 ago.
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仅仅进行于几年之前。
15:15
So what I'd like to show显示 you now,
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在剩下的几分钟内,
15:18
in the couple一对 of minutes分钟 I have left,
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我想展示给你们看的是
15:20
is a film电影 that a student学生 made制作 in Guatemala危地马拉.
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一部危地马拉市学生做的一部影片。
15:22
We just had a workshop作坊 in Guatemala危地马拉.
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我们刚在危地马拉开设了一个工作坊,
15:25
A week before we got to the workshop作坊,
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就在我们开设工作坊的前一个星期,
15:28
a massive大规模的 landslide滑坡, caused造成 by Hurricane飓风 Stan斯坦,
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十月的斯坦飓风
15:32
last October十月, came来了 in and buried隐藏
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导致的大规模塌方
15:34
600 people alive in their village.
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活埋了村子里的600条生命。
15:36
And this kid孩子 lived生活 in the village --
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这孩子就是住在那个村子里,
15:38
he wasn't there at the time --
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飓风时他正好不在那里,
15:40
and this is the little movie电影 he put together一起 about that.
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这就是他制作的关于那次飓风的一部短小的影片。
15:44
And he hadn't有没有 seen看到 a computer电脑 before
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在我们制作这部影片之前他从未见过电脑,
15:46
we did this movie电影. We taught him PhotoshopPhotoshop中 and --
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于是我们教他使用图像处理软件,
15:50
yeah, we can play it.
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现在就让我们一起欣赏吧。
16:15
This is an old Mayan玛雅 funeral葬礼 chant
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这是他从祖父那里学来的
16:18
that he got from his grandfather祖父.
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一段古老玛雅葬礼的圣歌。
18:38
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家。
18:40
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Xiaoshuang Wang
Reviewed by Tony Yet

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Phil Borges - Photographer
Dentist-turned-photographer Phil Borges documents the world's disappearing cultures, capturing portraits of exiled Tibetan monks and many of the world’s embattled tribal and indigenous cultures.

Why you should listen

Spurred by the rapid disappearance of the world's indigenous peoples and their oral traditions, Phil Borges abandoned his orthodontic practice to pursue his first love, photography. For the past 25 years, he has traveled to the farthest reaches of the globe to meet with persecuted Tibetan monks engaged in nonviolent struggle and embattled tribespeople of the Ecuadorian Amazon who must defend their way of life by any means necessary. Through interviews and portraiture, Borges examines his subjects' valuable beliefs and stories and documents their tribulations with dignity.

He is the founder of Bridges to Understanding, an interactive online classroom that promotes cross-cultural learning between indigenous and American youths. By teaching teenagers how to share stories through digital filmmaking, Borges hopes they'll develop the mental flexibility and cultural sensitivity to understand and appreciate belief systems outside their own. Borges' feature-length documentary, CRAZYWISE, takes a look at America’s mental health care crisis and examines what we could learn from the way different cultures define and treat mental illness.

More profile about the speaker
Phil Borges | Speaker | TED.com