TED2009
Kamal Meattle: How to grow fresh air
卡迈勒.米艾涛谈怎么样生产新鲜空气
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研究者卡迈勒.米艾涛向我们展示了如何通过在家居或写字楼的特定地点安放三种常见的室内植物，从而产生卓越的空气净化效果。
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activist
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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大约17年前，我开始对德里的空气过敏。
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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我的医生告诉我，我的肺活量
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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已经减少到原来的70%，
00:22
and it was killing me.
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这样下去会有生命危险。
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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在印度理工学院、印度塔塔能源研究所的帮助下，利用美国国家航空航天局的研究成果，
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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在印度理工学院、印度塔塔能源研究所的帮助下，利用美国国家航空航天局的研究成果，
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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我们发现有三种
00:31
basic green plants,
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基本的绿色植物，
00:33
common green plants, with which
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普通的绿色植物，利用它们
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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我们可以生产出
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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我们在室内所需的新鲜空气，以保证我们的身体健康。
00:39
We've also found that you can
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我们还发现这样可以
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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减少建筑物对室外新鲜空气流入的需求
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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同时保持
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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室内空气质量标准。
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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这三种植物是：散尾葵、
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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虎尾兰和绿萝。
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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幻灯片上有它们的学名。
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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散尾葵是一种
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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吸收二氧化碳，并将其转化为氧气的植物。
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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我们平均每个人需要四株齐肩高的植株。
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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在植物养护方面，
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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我们需要将树叶擦拭干净，
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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在德里的话，每天都需要擦。
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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空气干净些的城市可能一周一次就可以了。
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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我们得用蚯蚓粪为它们施肥，
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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这种方法是无菌的；或者用水栽培，
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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并且每三到四个月将植物移至户外晒晒太阳。
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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第二种植物是虎尾兰，
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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它也是一种常见的植物，
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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我们称它为卧室植物，
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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因为它在会在夜间将二氧化碳转化为氧气。
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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我们每个人需要六到八株高度及腰的这种植物。
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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第三种植物是绿萝，
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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同样是一种十分常见的植物。
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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适于用水栽培。
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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这种植物可以吸收甲醛
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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和其他挥发性化学物质。
01:52
With these three plants,
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有了这三种植物，
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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你可以生产出你需要的所有的新鲜空气。
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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实际上，你甚至可以住在一个瓶子中，
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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盖上瓶盖，你也死不了。
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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并且你也不需要任何外面的新鲜空气。
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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我们在德里的办公大楼里试验了这些植物，
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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我们在德里的办公大楼里试验了这些植物，
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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那是一个5万平方英尺，有20年历史的建筑。
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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建筑里有300位居住者，放置了近1200棵这样的植物。
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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我们的研究发现
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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如果一个人在这栋建筑中待上10个小时的话，他的血氧含量提升一个百分点的概率达42%。
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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如果一个人在这栋建筑中待上10个小时的话，他的血氧含量提升一个百分点的概率达42%。
02:25
in this building for 10 hours.
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如果一个人在这栋建筑中待上10个小时的话，他的血氧含量提升一个百分点的概率达42%。
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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印度政府已经发现
02:31
or published a study to show
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并公布了一项研究显示
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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这是整个新德里最健康的建筑。
02:36
And the study showed that,
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并且研究表明
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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与其他建筑相比，
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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楼里的居民眼部过敏的情形减少了52%。
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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楼里的居民眼部过敏的情形减少了52%。
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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呼吸系统问题减少了34%，
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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头疼症状减少24%，
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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肺功能障碍降低12%， 哮喘减少9%。
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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这项研究已经于2008年9月8日发表了，
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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可以从印度政府的网站上下载。
03:00
Our experience points to an
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根据我们的经验，
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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利用这些植物，工作效率获得了20%的惊人提高。
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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利用这些植物，工作效率获得了20%的惊人提高。
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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建筑物的能源需求也大幅下降了15%，
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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因为不再需要从室外注入那么多新鲜空气了。
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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我们现在正将这个模式复制到
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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一个一百七十五万平方英尺的建筑中，
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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那里将会放置六万株室内植物。
03:25
Why is this important?
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为什么这个研究值得重视？
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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它对自然环境也有很大意义，
03:29
because the world's energy
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因为预计在未来的十年中，
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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世界的能源需求
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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将以30%的速度增长。
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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目前，40%的世界能源是被建筑物消耗掉的，
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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目前，40%的世界能源是被建筑物消耗掉的，
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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在未来的十五年，60%世界人口将居住在人口超百万的大城市里。
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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在未来的十五年，60%世界人口将居住在人口超百万的大城市里。
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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在未来的十五年，60%世界人口将居住在人口超百万的大城市里。
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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而且有越来越多的人喜欢
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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在空调间生活和工作。
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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欲变世界，先变其身。
03:54
said Mahatma Gandhi.
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这是圣雄甘地说的。
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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感谢各位的听我的讲座。
03:56
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activistWith its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air.
Why you should listen
Kamal Meattle has a vision to reshape commercial building in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep (including an air-cleaning system that involves massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC equipment). He started the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park (PBC-STIP), in New Delhi, in 1990 to provide "instant office" space to technology companies. PBC-STIP's website publishes its air quality index every day, and tracks its compliance to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, a corporate-citizenship initiative.
Meattle has long been a environmental activist in India. In the 1980s he helped India's apple industry develop less-wasteful packaging to help save acres of trees. He then began a campaign to help India's millions of scooter drivers use less oil. His next plan is to develop a larger version of PBC-STIP, making a green office accessible to more businesses in New Delhi and serving as an example of low-cost, low-energy office life.
Kamal Meattle | Speaker | TED.com