TED2009
Kamal Meattle: How to grow fresh air
カマール・メトルによる、自分でできるおいしい空気の作り方
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研究者、カマール・メトルは家庭やオフィスでよく見かける３つの観葉植物を用いることで、よりきれいな空気を取り入れることができると述べています。
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activist
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
With its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Some 17 years ago, I became allergic to Delhi's air.
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およそ17年前、私はデリーの空気でアレルギーを起こし始めました
00:17
My doctors told me that my lung capacity
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医者は私の肺活量が
00:20
had gone down to 70 percent,
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70%まで落ち込んでおり、
00:22
and it was killing me.
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命を縮めかねないと忠告しました
00:23
With the help of IIT,
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イリノイ工科大学、インドエネルギー資源研究所、
00:26
TERI, and learnings from NASA,
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そしてNASAで学んだことから
00:28
we discovered that there are three
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一般的によく見る３種類の
00:31
basic green plants,
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観葉植物を室内に置くことで
00:33
common green plants, with which
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私たちの健康に必要な
00:35
we can grow all the fresh air
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新鮮な外気を
00:36
we need indoors to keep us healthy.
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得られることがわかりました
00:39
We've also found that you can
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さらに屋内空気の産業基準を
00:41
reduce the fresh air requirements
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維持しながら、きちんとした外気を
00:43
into the building, while maintaining
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室内に取り入れることが
00:45
industry indoor air-quality standards.
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可能なこともわかりました
00:48
The three plants are Areca palm,
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その3つの植物はビンロウジュ
00:50
Mother-in-Law's Tongue and money plant.
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サンセベリア、ゴウダソウです
00:54
The botanical names are in front of you.
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学名はご覧の通りです
00:58
Areca palm is a plant which
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ビンロウジュは二酸化炭素を取り除き
01:00
removes CO2 and converts it into oxygen.
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酸素に置き換えます
01:04
We need four shoulder-high plants per person,
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1人当たり、肩の高さほどの植木が4本必要です
01:08
and in terms of plant care,
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手入れについてですが
01:10
we need to wipe the leaves
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デリーでは毎日葉を
01:11
every day in Delhi, and perhaps
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拭かないといけませんが
01:13
once a week in cleaner-air cities.
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空気がきれいな地域であれば週1回で大丈夫です
01:15
We had to grow them in vermi manure,
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ビンロウジュはベミというやせた肥料か
01:18
which is sterile, or hydroponics,
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もしくは水栽培で育て
01:21
and take them outdoors every three to four months.
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3, 4ヶ月ごとに外に出さないといけません
01:25
The second plant is Mother-in-law's Tongue,
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２つ目の植物はサンセベリアです
01:28
which is again a very common plant,
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これも観葉植物としてよく見かけます
01:30
and we call it a bedroom plant,
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「寝室の植物」とも呼ばれますが
01:32
because it converts CO2 into oxygen at night.
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夜、二酸化炭素を酸素に変えるからなんです
01:35
And we need six to eight waist-high plants per person.
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一人当たり、腰の高さほどの植木が6〜8本必要になります
01:40
The third plant is money plant,
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３つ目の植物はゴウダソウです
01:42
and this is again a very common plant;
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これもまたどこにでもある植物で、
01:45
preferably grows in hydroponics.
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できれば水栽培で育てていただきたい
01:48
And this particular plant removes formaldehydes
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ゴウダソウはホルムアルデヒドなど揮発性の高い物質を
01:51
and other volatile chemicals.
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取り除いてくれます
01:52
With these three plants,
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この3つの植物は私たちに
01:54
you can grow all the fresh air you need.
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必要な分の外気を生み出してくれます
01:56
In fact, you could be in a bottle
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たとえあなたがフタの締まったボトルの中にいれられても
01:58
with a cap on top, and you would not die at all,
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この３つの植物があれば死ぬことはないでしょう
02:02
and you would not need any fresh air.
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外気を取り入れる必要が無いからです
02:05
We have tried these plants at our
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私達は３つの植物をデリーにある
02:07
own building in Delhi, which is a
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50,000平方フィート(4600平方メートル)
02:10
50,000-square-feet, 20-year-old building.
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築20年の自分たちのビルで育ててみました
02:13
And it has close to 1,200 such plants for 300 occupants.
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300人の居住者に対して1200本ほどの植木を用意しました
02:17
Our studies have found that there is
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この研究で分かったことは、
02:19
a 42 percent probability of one's blood oxygen
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このビルの中に人が10時間いた場合
02:23
going up by one percent if one stays indoors
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42%の確率で血液中の酸素量が
02:25
in this building for 10 hours.
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1%上昇するということです
02:28
The government of India has discovered
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インド政府は
02:31
or published a study to show
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このビルがニューデリーで
02:33
that this is the healthiest building in New Delhi.
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最も健康的な建物だと発表しました
02:36
And the study showed that,
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さらに他の建物と
02:39
compared to other buildings,
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比較した場合
02:40
there is a reduced incidence of
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目の炎症の事例が
02:42
eye irritation by 52 percent,
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52%も減少し
02:44
respiratory systems by 34 percent,
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呼吸器系障害に関しては34%の減少
02:48
headaches by 24 percent,
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頭痛は24%の減少
02:49
lung impairment by 12 percent and asthma by nine percent.
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肺機能障害が12%、喘息は9%減少したのです
02:53
And this study has been published on September 8, 2008,
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この研究結果は2008年の9月8日に発表され
02:57
and it's available on the government of India website.
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インド政府のウェブサイトで公開されています
03:00
Our experience points to an
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私達の研究は、
03:02
amazing increase in human productivity
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これらの植物を用いることで、人間の生産能力を
03:06
by over 20 percent by using these plants.
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20%も高めることもわかりました
03:09
And also a reduction in energy requirements in buildings
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さらに驚くべきことにビルを維持するのに必要な熱量を
03:13
by an outstanding 15 percent, because you need less fresh air.
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15%も減らすことがわかりました。外気の供給が少なくて済むからです
03:19
We are now replicating this in a
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現在、私たちはこの実験を
03:20
1.75-million-square-feet building,
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175万平方フィート(約16万平方メートル)の建物で試しており
03:23
which will have 60,000 indoor plants.
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室内に6万本の植木を置く予定です
03:25
Why is this important?
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なぜこれが重要なのでしょうか？
03:27
It is also important for the environment,
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それは環境にとっても重要だからです
03:29
because the world's energy
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世界が必要とする
03:30
requirements are expected to grow
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エネルギー量は今後10年間で
03:32
by 30 percent in the next decade.
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30%増大するだろうと予測されています
03:34
40 percent of the world's energy is taken
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現在、世界のエネルギーのうち
03:35
up by buildings currently,
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40%が建物の維持で消費されています
03:37
and 60 percent of the world's population
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また世界人口の60%が
03:39
will be living in buildings in cities
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次の15年で、人口100万人以上の都市にある
03:42
with a population of over one million in the next 15 years.
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ビルに暮らすだろうと言われています
03:46
And there is a growing preference for living
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そしてより多くの人々がその生活基盤を
03:48
and working in air-conditioned places.
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エアコンの付いた場所に求めるようになります
03:52
"Be the change you want to see in the world,"
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世界を変えるには、まずあなた自身が変わりなさい
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said Mahatma Gandhi.
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マハトマ・ガンジーの言葉です
03:55
And thank you for listening.
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ありがとうございました
03:56
(Applause)
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(拍手)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kamal Meattle - Business owner and activistWith its air-filtering plants and sustainable architecture, Kamal Meattle's office park in New Delhi is a model of green business. Meattle himself is a longtime activist for cleaning up India's air.
Why you should listen
Kamal Meattle has a vision to reshape commercial building in India using principles of green architecture and sustainable upkeep (including an air-cleaning system that involves massive banks of plants instead of massive banks of HVAC equipment). He started the Paharpur Business Centre and Software Technology Incubator Park (PBC-STIP), in New Delhi, in 1990 to provide "instant office" space to technology companies. PBC-STIP's website publishes its air quality index every day, and tracks its compliance to the 10 principles of the UN Global Compact, a corporate-citizenship initiative.
Meattle has long been a environmental activist in India. In the 1980s he helped India's apple industry develop less-wasteful packaging to help save acres of trees. He then began a campaign to help India's millions of scooter drivers use less oil. His next plan is to develop a larger version of PBC-STIP, making a green office accessible to more businesses in New Delhi and serving as an example of low-cost, low-energy office life.
Kamal Meattle | Speaker | TED.com