TED2017
Devita Davison: How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit
德维塔·戴维森: 城市农业如何改变底特律
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底特律市里有些了不起的事情正在生长：健康、可得、美味、新鲜的食物。在这充满生机的演讲中，无所畏惧的农民德维塔·戴维森（Devita Davison）解释了，底特律衰退的特征其实让它变成了城市农业的理想地点。让我们随着戴维森分享的关于机会和希望的故事，与她一起到这些转变的社区走走。“这些不只是我们用来种植番茄和胡萝卜的一块块土地，”戴维森说，“我们正在建起的是社会凝聚力，同时提供新鲜、健康的食物。”
Devita Davison - Food activist
At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice. Full bio
At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm from Detroit.
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我来自底特律。
00:15
(Applause)
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（掌声）
在1950年，这座城市被称为
世界的工业巨人，
世界的工业巨人，
00:18
A city that in the 1950s
was the world's industrial giant,
was the world's industrial giant,
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00:24
with a population of 1.8 million people
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拥有180万人口，
140平方英里的土地
和基础设施，
和基础设施，
00:27
and 140 square miles
of land and infrastructure,
of land and infrastructure,
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用来支持这个蓬勃发展的
中西部城市中心。
中西部城市中心。
00:32
used to support this booming,
Midwestern urban center.
Midwestern urban center.
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00:37
And now today,
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而现在，
就在半个世纪之后的今天，
00:39
just a half a century later,
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00:41
Detroit is the poster child
for urban decay.
for urban decay.
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底特律成了城市衰败的代名词。
00:46
Currently in Detroit,
our population is under 700,000,
our population is under 700,000,
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目前在底特律，人口不到70万，
其中84%是非洲裔美国人，
00:50
of which 84 percent are African American,
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由于几十年来
00:53
and due to decades of disinvestment
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从城市到郊区的
00:57
and capital flight
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撤资和资本外流，
01:00
from the city into the suburbs,
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01:04
there is a scarcity in Detroit.
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底特律出现了萧条。
01:07
There is a scarcity of retail,
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零售业萧条，
特别是新鲜食品零售业稀缺，
01:09
more specifically, fresh food retail,
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导致70%的底特律人
01:14
resulting in a city
where 70 percent of Detroiters
where 70 percent of Detroiters
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遭受肥胖和超重的现象，
01:18
are obese and overweight,
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01:21
and they struggle.
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然而他们却无计可施。
01:23
They struggle to access
nutritious food that they need,
nutritious food that they need,
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对他们而言，获取到
必要的营养食物很难。
必要的营养食物很难。
01:27
that they need to stay healthy,
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但他们需要食物来保持健康，
来预防过早疾病和饮食相关疾病。
01:30
that they need to prevent premature
illness and diet-related diseases.
illness and diet-related diseases.
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太多的底特律人住在快餐店，
01:35
Far too many Detroiters
live closer to a fast food restaurant
live closer to a fast food restaurant
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便利店或加油站附近，
01:41
or to a convenience store,
or to a gas station
or to a gas station
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他们没有产品齐全
服务周到的食品商店，
服务周到的食品商店，
01:44
where they have to shop for food
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所以他们只能去
对他们而言方便的超市。
对他们而言方便的超市。
01:46
than they do a full-service supermarket.
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01:51
And this is not good news
about the city of Detroit,
about the city of Detroit,
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这对底特律市来说并不是好消息，
01:56
but this is the news
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但是这就是底特律人
打算改变的
02:00
and the story
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生活现状。
02:01
that Detroiters intend to change.
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不，我要换个说法。
02:04
No, I'm going to take that back.
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02:07
This is the story
that Detroiters are changing,
that Detroiters are changing,
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这是底特律人
通过城市农业和食品创业
通过城市农业和食品创业
正在改变的故事。
02:11
through urban agriculture
and food entrepreneurship.
and food entrepreneurship.
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事情是这样的：
02:16
Here's the thing:
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因为底特律的近代史，
02:17
because of Detroit's recent history,
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它发现自己的城市
02:19
it now finds itself
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拥有一些非常独特的资源，
02:22
with some very unique assets,
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02:25
open land being one of them.
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像开放的土地就是其中之一。
02:28
Experts say that the entire cities
of Boston, San Francisco,
of Boston, San Francisco,
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专家说，底特律市的土地面积
相当于波士顿、
02:33
and the borough of Manhattan
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旧金山和曼哈顿区的全部。
02:35
will fit in the land area
of the city of Detroit.
of the city of Detroit.
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02:39
They further go on to say
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他们还说
这城市有40平方英里的闲置土地，
02:40
that 40 square miles
of the city is vacant.
of the city is vacant.
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02:45
That's a quarter to a third of the city,
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相当于整座城市的1/4至1/3，
由于这种规模的空置，
02:47
and with that level of emptiness,
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它创造的景观
与其他大城市都不太一样。
与其他大城市都不太一样。
02:49
it creates a landscape
unlike any other big city.
unlike any other big city.
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02:54
So Detroit has this --
open land, fertile soil,
open land, fertile soil,
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因此，底特律拥有的是：
开阔的土地、肥沃的土壤、
开阔的土地、肥沃的土壤、
邻近的水源、
03:00
proximity to water,
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勤奋爱劳动的人民、
03:02
willing labor
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以及对健康、新鲜食品的迫切需求。
03:03
and a desperate demand
for healthy, fresh food.
for healthy, fresh food.
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所有这一切造就了底特律人的
03:07
All of this has created
a people-powered grassroots movement
a people-powered grassroots movement
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草根行动，
03:12
of people in Detroit
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他们正在把这座城市
03:13
who are transforming this city
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从美国工业之都
03:15
from what was the capital
of American industry
of American industry
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转变成一个农业天堂。
03:19
into an agrarian paradise.
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（掌声）
03:22
(Applause)
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我认为，在世界所有城市中，
03:23
You know, I think,
out of all the cities in the world,
out of all the cities in the world,
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密歇根州底特律市的地位堪称
03:27
Detroit, Michigan, is best positioned
to serve as the world's urban exemplar
to serve as the world's urban exemplar
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食品安全和持续发展城市的典范。
03:33
of food security
and sustainable development.
and sustainable development.
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如今，在底特律各地，
有1500多个
有1500多个
03:36
In Detroit, we have over 1,500, yes, 1,500
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种植园和农场。
03:41
gardens and farms
located all across the city today.
located all across the city today.
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而这些并不只是
03:46
And these aren't plots of land
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种植西红柿和胡萝卜的一块块土地。
03:48
where we're just growing
tomatoes and carrots either.
tomatoes and carrots either.
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底特律的城市农业
重点在于社区，
重点在于社区，
03:51
You understand, urban agriculture
in Detroit is all about community,
in Detroit is all about community,
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因为我们一起种植，
03:56
because we grow together.
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所以这些空间是欢乐融洽的地方。
03:58
So these spaces
are spaces of conviviality.
are spaces of conviviality.
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这些空间是我们建设
社会凝聚力的地方，
社会凝聚力的地方，
04:01
These spaces are places
where we're building social cohesion
where we're building social cohesion
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也为我们的朋友、家人和邻居们
04:05
as well as providing healthy, fresh food
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提供健康、新鲜的食物。
04:09
to our friends, our families
and our neighbors.
and our neighbors.
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跟我看一看吧。
04:13
Come walk with me.
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我想带你们看几个底特律社区，
04:14
I want to take you
through a few Detroit neighborhoods,
through a few Detroit neighborhoods,
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我希望你们看到，
当你们赋予地方领导人权力时，
当你们赋予地方领导人权力时，
04:17
and I want you to see what it looks like
when you empower local leadership,
when you empower local leadership,
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当你们支持那些在低收入社区
04:21
and when you support grassroots movements
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发挥重要作用的人们
和有色人种的基层运动时，
和有色人种的基层运动时，
04:24
of folks who are moving the needle
in low-income communities
in low-income communities
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情况会是怎样的。
04:28
and people of color.
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我们的第一站，奥克兰大道农场。
04:30
Our first stop, Oakland Avenue Farms.
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奥克兰大道农场位于
底特律北端区附近。
底特律北端区附近。
04:33
Oakland Avenue Farms is located
in Detroit's North End neighborhood.
in Detroit's North End neighborhood.
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奥克兰大道农场正在变成
04:38
Oakland Avenue Farms is transforming
into a five-acre landscape
into a five-acre landscape
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结合了艺术、建筑、
可持续生态和新的市场实践
可持续生态和新的市场实践
04:43
combining art, architecture,
sustainable ecologies
sustainable ecologies
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的五英亩景区。
04:47
and new market practices.
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真正意义上讲，
04:49
In the truest sense of the word,
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这就是底特律城市农业的现状。
04:51
this is what agriculture
looks like in the city of Detroit.
looks like in the city of Detroit.
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04:56
I've had the opportunity
to work with Oakland Avenue Farms
to work with Oakland Avenue Farms
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我曾有机会与奥克兰大道农场合作，
举办底特律主持和发起的
“农场直达餐桌”晚宴活动。
“农场直达餐桌”晚宴活动。
05:00
in hosting Detroit-grown and made
farm-to-table dinners.
farm-to-table dinners.
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我们把客人带到农场，
05:05
These are dinners
where we bring folks onto the farm,
where we bring folks onto the farm,
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给他们足够的时间和机会
05:08
we give them plenty
of time and opportunity
of time and opportunity
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与种植者见面、聊天，
05:11
to meet and greet and talk to the grower,
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然后带他们到农场参观。
05:14
and then they're taken on a farm tour.
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随后，他们会享用
一位大厨准备的
一位大厨准备的
05:16
And then afterwards,
they're treated to a farm-to-table meal
they're treated to a farm-to-table meal
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“农场直达餐桌”晚宴，
05:22
prepared by a chef
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大厨在农作物正是最新鲜的时候
展示农场的产品。
展示农场的产品。
05:24
who showcases all the produce on the farm
right at the peak of its freshness.
right at the peak of its freshness.
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那正是我们所做的。
05:30
We do that.
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我们把人们带到农场，
05:31
We bring people onto the farm,
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让大家围坐在桌旁，
05:33
we have folks sitting around a table,
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因为我们想改变
人们与食物的关系。
人们与食物的关系。
05:35
because we want to change
people's relationship to food.
people's relationship to food.
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我们希望他们确切知道
他们的食物来自哪里，
他们的食物来自哪里，
05:39
We want them to know
exactly where their food comes from
exactly where their food comes from
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盘子里的菜正是
那个农场里种出来的。
那个农场里种出来的。
05:43
that is grown on that farm
that's on the plate.
that's on the plate.
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我的第二站，
05:47
My second stop,
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我要带你到底特律西边的
05:48
I'm going to take you
on the west side of Detroit,
on the west side of Detroit,
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布莱特摩尔街区。
05:51
to the Brightmoor neighborhood.
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布莱特摩尔是底特律的
一个低收入社区。
一个低收入社区。
05:53
Now, Brightmoor is
a lower-income community in Detroit.
a lower-income community in Detroit.
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布莱特摩尔有大约1万3千居民。
05:56
There's about 13,000
residents in Brightmoor.
residents in Brightmoor.
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06:00
They decided to take
a block-by-block-by-block strategy.
a block-by-block-by-block strategy.
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他们决定采取一个街区
接着一个街区的策略。
接着一个街区的策略。
所以在布莱特摩尔的社区内，
06:05
So within the neighborhood of Brightmoor,
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你会看到一个叫做“布莱特摩尔农场路”，
由21个街区组成的微社区。
由21个街区组成的微社区。
06:07
you'll find a 21-block microneighborhood
called Brightmoor Farmway.
called Brightmoor Farmway.
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曾经臭名昭著、危险、
服务水平低下的社区
服务水平低下的社区
06:13
Now, what was a notorious,
unsafe, underserved community
unsafe, underserved community
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已经变成了一个热情、
美丽、安全的农场，
美丽、安全的农场，
06:18
has transformed into a welcoming,
beautiful, safe farmway,
beautiful, safe farmway,
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郁郁葱葱的公园、花园、
农场和温室。
农场和温室。
06:23
lush with parks and gardens
and farms and greenhouses.
and farms and greenhouses.
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06:27
This tight-knit community
also came together recently,
also came together recently,
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这个紧密团结的社区
最近还聚在一起，
最近还聚在一起，
购买了一栋
06:30
and they purchased an abandoned building,
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破损失修且被收回的废弃建筑。
06:33
an abandoned building
that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.
that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.
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在朋友、家属和志愿者的帮助下，
06:37
And with the help of friends
and families and volunteers,
and families and volunteers,
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他们成功拆下防弹玻璃，
06:41
they were able to take down
the bulletproof glass,
the bulletproof glass,
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成功清理了地面，
06:43
they were able to clean up the grounds
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把这个建筑物变成了社区厨房，
06:45
and they transformed that building
into a community kitchen,
into a community kitchen,
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变成了咖啡馆，变成了店面。
06:49
into a cafe, into a storefront.
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现在生活在布莱克摩尔的
农民和美食匠人，
农民和美食匠人，
06:52
Now the farmers and the food artisans
who live in Brightmoor,
who live in Brightmoor,
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他们拥有了一个地方
去制造和销售他们的产品。
去制造和销售他们的产品。
06:56
they have a place where they
can make and sell their product.
can make and sell their product.
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而且社区的人们
06:59
And the people in the community
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也有地方购买健康、新鲜的食物。
07:00
have some place where they can buy
healthy, fresh food.
healthy, fresh food.
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07:04
Urban agriculture --
and this is my third example --
and this is my third example --
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城市农业——
这是我的第三个例子——
这是我的第三个例子——
可以作为提升商业合作模式的方式。
07:07
can be used as a way to lift up
the business cooperative model.
the business cooperative model.
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还记得我早些时候告诉你的
1500个农场和种植园吗？
1500个农场和种植园吗？
07:12
The 1,500 farms and gardens
I told you about earlier?
I told you about earlier?
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“底特律持续种植”是一个
07:17
Keep Growing Detroit
is a nonprofit organization
is a nonprofit organization
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与这些农场关系密切
的非营利组织。
的非营利组织。
07:19
that had a lot to do with those farms.
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他们去年分发了7万包种子
07:22
They distributed last year
70,000 packets of seeds
70,000 packets of seeds
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和25万颗移栽植物，
07:27
and a quarter of a million transplants,
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因此，去年，
07:31
and as a result of that last year,
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有55万磅农作物
07:33
550,000 pounds of produce
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07:37
was grown in the city of Detroit.
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是在底特律市内出产的。
07:40
(Applause)
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（掌声）
07:46
But aside from all of that,
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除此之外，
他们还管理和经营着一家合作社。
07:48
they also manage
and operate a cooperative.
and operate a cooperative.
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叫做“底特律出产”。
07:52
It's called Grown in Detroit.
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它由大约70个
07:54
It consists of about 70 farmers,
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小农场主组成。
07:57
small farmers.
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他们全都一起种植，一起销售。
07:59
They all grow, and they sell together.
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08:03
They grow fruits,
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他们种水果，
他们种蔬菜，
08:05
they grow vegetables,
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他们种花卉，
08:07
they grow flowers,
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在健康的土壤中种植药草，
08:09
they grow herbs in healthy soil,
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种植不含化学物质、杀虫剂、肥料、
08:12
free of chemicals,
pesticides, fertilizers,
pesticides, fertilizers,
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不含转基因的产品——
08:15
genetically modified products --
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健康食品。
08:17
healthy food.
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当他们的产品
08:19
And when their product is sold
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遍布底特律的本地市场时，
08:21
all over the city of Detroit
in local markets,
in local markets,
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他们会获得100%的销售利润。
08:24
they get a hundred percent
of the proceeds from the sale.
of the proceeds from the sale.
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08:28
In a city like Detroit,
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在像底特律这样的城市里，
08:31
where far too many, far too many
African Americans are dying
African Americans are dying
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太多太多的非洲裔美国人
因饮食相关的疾病而死亡。
08:36
as a result of diet-related diseases,
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08:40
restaurants, they have a huge role to play
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餐馆，在增加底特律市
08:43
in increasing healthy food access
in the city of Detroit,
in the city of Detroit,
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健康食物可获取性方面
发挥着巨大的作用，
发挥着巨大的作用，
在文化上适宜的餐馆。
08:46
culturally appropriate restaurants.
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请走进“底特律素食灵魂”。
08:49
Enter Detroit Vegan Soul.
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08:51
Yes, we have a vegan soul food restaurant
in the city of Detroit.
in the city of Detroit.
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是的，我们在底特律市
有一家纯素食的灵魂餐厅。
有一家纯素食的灵魂餐厅。
（掌声）
08:56
(Applause)
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是的，是的。
08:57
Yes, yes.
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09:00
Detroit Vegan Soul
is providing Detroiters the opportunity
is providing Detroiters the opportunity
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“底特律素食灵魂”为底特律人提供了
多吃点植物性餐食的机会，
09:04
to eat more plant-based meals
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并且已经得到底特律人的热烈响应。
09:07
and they've received an overwhelming
response from Detroiters.
response from Detroiters.
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底特律人渴望文化上适宜的、
09:11
Detroiters are hungry
for culturally appropriate,
for culturally appropriate,
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新鲜、美味的食物。
09:14
fresh, delicious food.
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因此我们建立了一个名为
“底特律食物实验室”的非营利组织，
“底特律食物实验室”的非营利组织，
09:16
That's why we built a nonprofit
organization called FoodLab Detroit,
organization called FoodLab Detroit,
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以帮助社区新兴的小食品企业
09:20
to help small neighborhood
burgeoning food entrepreneurs
burgeoning food entrepreneurs
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启动并扩大健康食品业务。
09:23
start and scale healthy food businesses.
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“食物实验室”为这些企业家提供孵化、
09:26
FoodLab provides
these entrepreneurs incubation,
these entrepreneurs incubation,
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实践教育、研讨会、
09:30
hands-on education, workshops,
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技术援助和行业专家指导，
09:32
technical assistance,
access to industry experts
access to industry experts
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使他们能够发展壮大。
09:36
so that they can grow and scale.
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09:38
They're very small businesses,
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他们是非常小的企业，
但去年，他们的总收入
09:40
but last year, they had a combined revenue
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超过了750万美元，
09:43
of over 7.5 million dollars,
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还提供了252个就业机会。
09:45
and they provided 252 jobs.
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听好。
09:49
Listen.
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（鼓掌）
09:50
(Applause)
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这些只是寥寥几个例子，
09:53
These are just a few examples
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09:57
on how you expand opportunities
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来说明如何扩大机会，
让每个人都可以参与进来，
10:01
so that everybody can participate
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并繁荣兴盛，
10:04
and prosper,
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尤其是长久以来
被排除在这种机会之外的，
被排除在这种机会之外的，
10:06
particularly those
who come from neighborhoods
who come from neighborhoods
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10:10
that have been historically excluded
from these types of opportunities.
from these types of opportunities.
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社区的那些人。
我知道，我知道。
10:14
I know, I know.
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我的城市离成功还很远。
10:17
My city is a long way from succeeding.
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10:22
We're still struggling,
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但我们仍在努力，
我不想站在这个舞台上告诉各位，
10:23
and I'm not going to stand here
on this stage and tell you
on this stage and tell you
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底特律所有的问题
和底特律所有的挑战，
和底特律所有的挑战，
10:26
that all of Detroit's problems
and all of Detroit's challenges
and all of Detroit's challenges
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都将通过城市的农业来解决。
10:29
are going to be solved
through urban agriculture.
through urban agriculture.
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我不会那么说，
10:32
I'm not going to do that,
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但是我会告诉你们的是：
10:34
but I will tell you this:
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城市农业让底特律
10:36
urban agriculture
has Detroit thinking about its city
has Detroit thinking about its city
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以一种不同的方式
看待这个城市，
看待这个城市，
10:39
now in a different way,
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这个城市既可以是城市
又可以是乡村。
又可以是乡村。
10:41
a city that can be both urban and rural.
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是的，我知道，这些故事很小，
10:46
And yes, I know, these stories are small,
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这些故事是以邻里为基础的故事，
10:48
these stories are
neighborhood-based stories,
neighborhood-based stories,
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但这些故事是强大的。
10:51
but these stories are powerful.
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它们的强大在于
我向各位展示了如何
我向各位展示了如何
10:53
They're powerful because I'm showing you
how we're creating a new society
how we're creating a new society
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从旧时代支离破碎的地域和空间
留下的空隙中创造新天地。
留下的空隙中创造新天地。
10:57
left vacant in the places and the spaces
that was disintegration from the old.
that was disintegration from the old.
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它们是强大的故事，
因为那是关于爱的故事，
因为那是关于爱的故事，
11:03
They're powerful stories
because they're stories about love,
because they're stories about love,
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底特律人对彼此的爱，
11:06
the love that Detroiters have
for one another,
for one another,
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我们对社区的爱，
我们对大地母亲的爱，
我们对大地母亲的爱，
11:08
the love that we have for our community,
the love that we have for Mother Earth,
the love that we have for Mother Earth,
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更重要的是，这些故事说明
11:12
but more importantly,
these stories are stories
these stories are stories
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荒废、绝望、衰败
11:15
on how devastation, despair, decay
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绝不是底特律市的终点。
11:20
never ever get the last word
in the city of Detroit.
in the city of Detroit.
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成千上万的人离开底特律，
11:25
When hundreds of thousands
of people left Detroit,
of people left Detroit,
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留下我们自生自灭，
而留下的人怀有希望。
而留下的人怀有希望。
11:28
and they left us for dead,
those who stayed had hope.
those who stayed had hope.
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他们坚持怀抱希望。
11:31
They held on to hope.
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他们从未放弃。
11:33
They never gave up.
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他们一直在战斗。
11:34
They always kept fighting.
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听着，我知道，
11:37
And listen, I know,
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把底特律这样一个大城市转变成
11:38
transforming a big city like Detroit
to one that is prosperous,
to one that is prosperous,
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繁荣、运转正常、健康、
11:42
one that's functional, one that's healthy,
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包容、为所有人提供机会的城市，
11:44
one that's inclusive,
one that provides opportunities for all,
one that provides opportunities for all,
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我知道很艰苦，
11:48
I know it's tough,
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我知道这很有挑战性，
我知道这很难。
我知道这很难。
11:49
I know it's challenging, I know it's hard.
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但我相信，
11:52
But I just believe
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如果我们开始加强
我们社区的社交结构，
我们社区的社交结构，
11:54
that if we start strengthening
the social fabric of our communities,
the social fabric of our communities,
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如果我们在最弱势的地区
启动经济发展机会，
启动经济发展机会，
11:57
and if we kickstart economic opportunities
in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,
in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,
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那么一切都将始于健康、可得、
12:02
it all starts with healthy, accessible,
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美味、文化适宜的食物。
12:06
delicious, culturally appropriate food.
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非常感谢。
12:11
Thank you very much.
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（掌声）
12:12
(Applause)
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12:18
Thank you.
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谢谢。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Devita Davison - Food activistAt FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice.
Why you should listen
Detroit is a legendary food town, and it's thanks to small, locally owned businesses that range from streetside barbecue tents to neighborhood bakeries, shops and delis -- even small farms. At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison helps locals with ideas for a food business to take their dreams into delicious reality, by connecting them with business advice, help with compliance and licensing, space in professional kitchens, marketing ideas and more. The nonprofit focuses on entrepreneurs and communities who have been traditionally under-resourced, aiming to build power and resilience for people around the city.
FoodLab's vision is to cultivate, connect and catalyze, to use food as an economic engine, to form a supportive community of entrepreneurs and to make good food a reality for all Detroiters.
Devita Davison | Speaker | TED.com