TED2017
Devita Davison: How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit
戴薇塔戴維森: 都市農業如何轉變底特律
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在底特律有著不可思議的東西正在成長：健康、可取得、美味、新鮮的食物。在這場鼓舞人心的演說中，無懼的農夫戴薇塔戴維森解釋了為什麼底特律的衰落正好讓它成為都市農業的理想地點。加入戴維森，隨著她所分享的這個關於機會和希望的故事，到這些轉變的鄰坊走走。「這些不是只被我們拿來種植蕃茄和蘿蔔的小塊土地。」戴維森說：「我們在這些地方建立社會融和，也是在提供新鮮健康的食物。」
Devita Davison - Food activist
At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice. Full bio
At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm from Detroit.
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我來自底特律。
00:15
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
00:18
A city that in the 1950s
was the world's industrial giant,
was the world's industrial giant,
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在五○年代，這個城市
是世界上的工業巨人，
是世界上的工業巨人，
00:24
with a population of 1.8 million people
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有 180 萬人口，
00:27
and 140 square miles
of land and infrastructure,
of land and infrastructure,
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以及 140 平方英哩的
土地和基礎建設，
土地和基礎建設，
00:32
used to support this booming,
Midwestern urban center.
Midwestern urban center.
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用來支援這個興旺的
美國中西部都市中心。
美國中西部都市中心。
00:37
And now today,
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而現今，
00:39
just a half a century later,
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僅僅半世紀之後，
00:41
Detroit is the poster child
for urban decay.
for urban decay.
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底特律成了都市衰退的典型代表。
00:46
Currently in Detroit,
our population is under 700,000,
our population is under 700,000,
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目前，底特律的人口數不到 70 萬，
00:50
of which 84 percent are African American,
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當中有 84% 是非裔美國人，
00:53
and due to decades of disinvestment
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因為數十年來的撤資
00:57
and capital flight
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以及資金外流，
01:00
from the city into the suburbs,
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從城市外流到郊區，
01:04
there is a scarcity in Detroit.
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在底特律出現了蕭條。
01:07
There is a scarcity of retail,
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零售業出現蕭條，
01:09
more specifically, fresh food retail,
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更明確來說，
是新鮮食物零售出現蕭條，
是新鮮食物零售出現蕭條，
01:14
resulting in a city
where 70 percent of Detroiters
where 70 percent of Detroiters
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結果是，有 70% 的底特律人
01:18
are obese and overweight,
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肥胖或過重，
01:21
and they struggle.
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他們很辛苦。
01:23
They struggle to access
nutritious food that they need,
nutritious food that they need,
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他們要很辛苦才能找到
他們需要的營養食物，
他們需要的營養食物，
01:27
that they need to stay healthy,
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他們需要這些食物來保持健康，
01:30
that they need to prevent premature
illness and diet-related diseases.
illness and diet-related diseases.
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他們需要這些食物來預防過早
有身體不適及飲食相關的疾病。
有身體不適及飲食相關的疾病。
01:35
Far too many Detroiters
live closer to a fast food restaurant
live closer to a fast food restaurant
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太多太多底特律人
住的地方靠近速食餐廳、
住的地方靠近速食餐廳、
01:41
or to a convenience store,
or to a gas station
or to a gas station
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或便利商店、或加油站，
01:44
where they have to shop for food
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他們必須在這些地方買食物，
01:46
than they do a full-service supermarket.
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而找不到完整服務的超市。
01:51
And this is not good news
about the city of Detroit,
about the city of Detroit,
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這對底特律而言並不是好消息，
01:56
but this is the news
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但這是底特律人「打算」
02:00
and the story
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要去改變的
02:01
that Detroiters intend to change.
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消息和故事。
02:04
No, I'm going to take that back.
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不，我收回那句話。
02:07
This is the story
that Detroiters are changing,
that Detroiters are changing,
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這是底特律人「正在」試著改變的故事，
02:11
through urban agriculture
and food entrepreneurship.
and food entrepreneurship.
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透過都市農業
和食物企業經營來做改變。
和食物企業經營來做改變。
02:16
Here's the thing:
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重點是這個：
02:17
because of Detroit's recent history,
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因為底特律近期的歷史，
02:19
it now finds itself
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以致於現在，
02:22
with some very unique assets,
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它有著一些非常獨特的資產，
02:25
open land being one of them.
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其中之一是開放的土地。
02:28
Experts say that the entire cities
of Boston, San Francisco,
of Boston, San Francisco,
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專家說，波士頓、舊金山，
02:33
and the borough of Manhattan
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和曼哈頓行政區全部相加的面積
02:35
will fit in the land area
of the city of Detroit.
of the city of Detroit.
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還比底特律市的土地面積小。
02:39
They further go on to say
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他們進一步說，
02:40
that 40 square miles
of the city is vacant.
of the city is vacant.
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該城市有 40 平方英哩的
空間是空著的。
空間是空著的。
02:45
That's a quarter to a third of the city,
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那是城市面積的
四分之一到三分之一，
四分之一到三分之一，
02:47
and with that level of emptiness,
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這麼空曠的程度，
02:49
it creates a landscape
unlike any other big city.
unlike any other big city.
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創造出來的景色
也和其他大城市很不同。
也和其他大城市很不同。
02:54
So Detroit has this --
open land, fertile soil,
open land, fertile soil,
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所以，底特律有這些：
開放土地、肥沃土壤、
開放土地、肥沃土壤、
03:00
proximity to water,
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離水很近的位置、
03:02
willing labor
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勞動的意願、
03:03
and a desperate demand
for healthy, fresh food.
for healthy, fresh food.
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以及對於新鮮健康食物的高度需求。
03:07
All of this has created
a people-powered grassroots movement
a people-powered grassroots movement
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這一切加起來，創造出了
由人民推動的草根運動，
由人民推動的草根運動，
03:12
of people in Detroit
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參與者是底特律的人，
03:13
who are transforming this city
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他們在把這個城市做轉變，
03:15
from what was the capital
of American industry
of American industry
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從過去美國工業的首都，
03:19
into an agrarian paradise.
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變成農耕的天堂。
03:22
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
03:23
You know, I think,
out of all the cities in the world,
out of all the cities in the world,
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我認為，在全世界所有的城市中，
03:27
Detroit, Michigan, is best positioned
to serve as the world's urban exemplar
to serve as the world's urban exemplar
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在食物安全以及永續發展方面，
密西根的底特律
密西根的底特律
03:33
of food security
and sustainable development.
and sustainable development.
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最適合成為世界的都市典範。
03:36
In Detroit, we have over 1,500, yes, 1,500
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現今，在底特律，
有 1500 個，是的，
有 1500 個，是的，
03:41
gardens and farms
located all across the city today.
located all across the city today.
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1500 個花園和農田，遍及全市。
03:46
And these aren't plots of land
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這些也不是只被我們
03:48
where we're just growing
tomatoes and carrots either.
tomatoes and carrots either.
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拿來種植蕃茄和蘿蔔的小塊土地。
03:51
You understand, urban agriculture
in Detroit is all about community,
in Detroit is all about community,
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你們要了解，底特律的
都市農業重點在於社群，
都市農業重點在於社群，
03:56
because we grow together.
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因為我們一起成長。
03:58
So these spaces
are spaces of conviviality.
are spaces of conviviality.
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所以這些空間是歡快友好的空間。
04:01
These spaces are places
where we're building social cohesion
where we're building social cohesion
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我們在這些地方建立社會融和，
04:05
as well as providing healthy, fresh food
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也把新鮮健康的食物
04:09
to our friends, our families
and our neighbors.
and our neighbors.
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提供給我們的親朋好友和鄰居。
04:13
Come walk with me.
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來跟我走一趟。
04:14
I want to take you
through a few Detroit neighborhoods,
through a few Detroit neighborhoods,
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我想要帶你們走過
幾個底特律的鄰里，
幾個底特律的鄰里，
04:17
and I want you to see what it looks like
when you empower local leadership,
when you empower local leadership,
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我想要讓你們看看，當你們
將權力賦予地方的領導者、
將權力賦予地方的領導者、
04:21
and when you support grassroots movements
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支持由在低收入社區中有影響力的人
04:24
of folks who are moving the needle
in low-income communities
in low-income communities
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以及有色人種所進行的草根運動時，
情況會是什麼樣子。
04:28
and people of color.
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04:30
Our first stop, Oakland Avenue Farms.
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我們的第一站，奧克蘭大道農場。
04:33
Oakland Avenue Farms is located
in Detroit's North End neighborhood.
in Detroit's North End neighborhood.
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奧克蘭大道農場位在
底特律北端的鄰坊中，
底特律北端的鄰坊中，
04:38
Oakland Avenue Farms is transforming
into a five-acre landscape
into a five-acre landscape
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奧克蘭大道農場正在
轉變為五英畝的景色，
轉變為五英畝的景色，
04:43
combining art, architecture,
sustainable ecologies
sustainable ecologies
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結合了藝術、建築、永續生態、
04:47
and new market practices.
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以及新的市場做法。
04:49
In the truest sense of the word,
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在最真實的意義上，
04:51
this is what agriculture
looks like in the city of Detroit.
looks like in the city of Detroit.
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在底特律的農業
看起來就是這個樣子的。
看起來就是這個樣子的。
04:56
I've had the opportunity
to work with Oakland Avenue Farms
to work with Oakland Avenue Farms
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我有機會和奧克蘭大道農場合作，
05:00
in hosting Detroit-grown and made
farm-to-table dinners.
farm-to-table dinners.
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主辦「農場到餐桌」晚餐會，
用底特律種植及製作的食物。
用底特律種植及製作的食物。
05:05
These are dinners
where we bring folks onto the farm,
where we bring folks onto the farm,
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在這些晚餐會，
我們會帶人們到農場來，
我們會帶人們到農場來，
05:08
we give them plenty
of time and opportunity
of time and opportunity
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我們給予他們很足夠的時間和機會，
05:11
to meet and greet and talk to the grower,
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可以會見種植者，
和他們打招呼、聊天，
和他們打招呼、聊天，
05:14
and then they're taken on a farm tour.
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接著他們會被帶去參觀農場。
05:16
And then afterwards,
they're treated to a farm-to-table meal
they're treated to a farm-to-table meal
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之後，他們能享用
「農場到餐桌」餐點，
「農場到餐桌」餐點，
05:22
prepared by a chef
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餐點由一位主廚來準備，
05:24
who showcases all the produce on the farm
right at the peak of its freshness.
right at the peak of its freshness.
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他會讓農場所有的產物
在最新鮮的時候亮相。
在最新鮮的時候亮相。
05:30
We do that.
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我們是那樣做的。
05:31
We bring people onto the farm,
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我們把人們帶到農場，
05:33
we have folks sitting around a table,
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我們讓人們圍著桌子坐下，
05:35
because we want to change
people's relationship to food.
people's relationship to food.
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因為我們想要改變
人們與食物的關係。
人們與食物的關係。
05:39
We want them to know
exactly where their food comes from
exactly where their food comes from
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我們希望他們能清楚
知道食物來自何處，
知道食物來自何處，
05:43
that is grown on that farm
that's on the plate.
that's on the plate.
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盤子中的食物，
正是在那個農場中生長的。
正是在那個農場中生長的。
05:47
My second stop,
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我的第二站，
05:48
I'm going to take you
on the west side of Detroit,
on the west side of Detroit,
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我要帶你們去底特律的西區，
05:51
to the Brightmoor neighborhood.
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去布萊特摩爾區。
05:53
Now, Brightmoor is
a lower-income community in Detroit.
a lower-income community in Detroit.
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現在，布萊特摩爾是
底特律的低收入區。
底特律的低收入區。
05:56
There's about 13,000
residents in Brightmoor.
residents in Brightmoor.
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布萊特摩爾的居民數大約 13000。
06:00
They decided to take
a block-by-block-by-block strategy.
a block-by-block-by-block strategy.
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他們決定採用的策略是
一個街區一個街區來做。
一個街區一個街區來做。
06:05
So within the neighborhood of Brightmoor,
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所以，在布萊特摩爾的鄰坊中，
06:07
you'll find a 21-block microneighborhood
called Brightmoor Farmway.
called Brightmoor Farmway.
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可以找到一個 21 街區的
微鄰坊，叫做布萊特摩爾農道。
微鄰坊，叫做布萊特摩爾農道。
06:13
Now, what was a notorious,
unsafe, underserved community
unsafe, underserved community
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這裡曾經是個惡名昭彰、不安全、
得不到充分服務的社區，
得不到充分服務的社區，
06:18
has transformed into a welcoming,
beautiful, safe farmway,
beautiful, safe farmway,
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現在已轉變為一個歡迎人、
漂亮、安全的農道，
漂亮、安全的農道，
06:23
lush with parks and gardens
and farms and greenhouses.
and farms and greenhouses.
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裡面滿是公園、花園、
農場，以及溫室。
農場，以及溫室。
06:27
This tight-knit community
also came together recently,
also came together recently,
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這個緊室接合的社區
也是近期才建起來的，
也是近期才建起來的，
06:30
and they purchased an abandoned building,
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他們買下了一棟廢棄的建築，
06:33
an abandoned building
that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.
that was in disrepair and in foreclosure.
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這棟廢棄的建築失修破損，
且喪失抵押品贖回權。
且喪失抵押品贖回權。
06:37
And with the help of friends
and families and volunteers,
and families and volunteers,
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在朋友、家人、志工的協助下，
06:41
they were able to take down
the bulletproof glass,
the bulletproof glass,
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他們能夠把防彈玻璃拆除，
06:43
they were able to clean up the grounds
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他們能夠把地板清理乾淨，
06:45
and they transformed that building
into a community kitchen,
into a community kitchen,
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他們把那建築轉變成了社區廚房、
06:49
into a cafe, into a storefront.
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咖啡廳，以及店面。
06:52
Now the farmers and the food artisans
who live in Brightmoor,
who live in Brightmoor,
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現在，住在布萊特摩爾的
農夫以及食物工匠
農夫以及食物工匠
06:56
they have a place where they
can make and sell their product.
can make and sell their product.
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有個地方可以讓他們製作
和販售他們的產品。
和販售他們的產品。
06:59
And the people in the community
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而社區內的人
07:00
have some place where they can buy
healthy, fresh food.
healthy, fresh food.
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也有地方可以購買新鮮健康的食物。
07:04
Urban agriculture --
and this is my third example --
and this is my third example --
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我的第三個例子是，都市農業
07:07
can be used as a way to lift up
the business cooperative model.
the business cooperative model.
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可以被用來當作是振興
這個企業合作模型的方式。
這個企業合作模型的方式。
07:12
The 1,500 farms and gardens
I told you about earlier?
I told you about earlier?
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我先前告訴各位的
1500 個農場和花園？
1500 個農場和花園？
「持續種植底特律」是個非營利組織，
07:17
Keep Growing Detroit
is a nonprofit organization
is a nonprofit organization
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07:19
that had a lot to do with those farms.
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那些農場和它很有關係。
07:22
They distributed last year
70,000 packets of seeds
70,000 packets of seeds
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去年，他們分發了七萬包種子、
07:27
and a quarter of a million transplants,
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25 萬株移植苗木，
07:31
and as a result of that last year,
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而去年的成果是
07:33
550,000 pounds of produce
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有 55 萬磅的農產品
07:37
was grown in the city of Detroit.
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是在底特律種植的。
07:40
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
07:46
But aside from all of that,
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但除了這些之外，
07:48
they also manage
and operate a cooperative.
and operate a cooperative.
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他們也想辦法營運了一間合作社。
07:52
It's called Grown in Detroit.
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叫做「種於底特律」。
07:54
It consists of about 70 farmers,
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成員有 70 位農夫，
07:57
small farmers.
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都是小農夫。
07:59
They all grow, and they sell together.
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他們都會種植，然後一起販售。
08:03
They grow fruits,
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他們會種水果，
08:05
they grow vegetables,
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他們會種蔬菜，
08:07
they grow flowers,
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他們會種花，
08:09
they grow herbs in healthy soil,
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他們會在健康土壤上種藥草，
08:12
free of chemicals,
pesticides, fertilizers,
pesticides, fertilizers,
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沒有化學物質、農藥、肥料、
08:15
genetically modified products --
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基因改造產品，
08:17
healthy food.
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這些都是健康食物。
08:19
And when their product is sold
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當他們的產品在底特律
08:21
all over the city of Detroit
in local markets,
in local markets,
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全市各處的當地市場中賣掉時，
08:24
they get a hundred percent
of the proceeds from the sale.
of the proceeds from the sale.
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他們從銷售得到的收益是 100%。
08:28
In a city like Detroit,
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在底特律這樣子的城市，
08:31
where far too many, far too many
African Americans are dying
African Americans are dying
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有太多太多非裔美國人的死於
08:36
as a result of diet-related diseases,
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飲食相關疾病，
08:40
restaurants, they have a huge role to play
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因此餐廳扮演了很重要的角色，
08:43
in increasing healthy food access
in the city of Detroit,
in the city of Detroit,
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來協助增加健康食物
在底特律的可得性，
在底特律的可得性，
08:46
culturally appropriate restaurants.
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在文化契合之餐廳中的可得性。
08:49
Enter Detroit Vegan Soul.
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這就要談到「底特律
全素靈魂餐廳」了。
全素靈魂餐廳」了。
08:51
Yes, we have a vegan soul food restaurant
in the city of Detroit.
in the city of Detroit.
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是的，在底特律也有賣傳統食物的素食餐廳了。
08:56
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
08:57
Yes, yes.
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是的，是的。
09:00
Detroit Vegan Soul
is providing Detroiters the opportunity
is providing Detroiters the opportunity
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「底特律全素靈魂」讓底特律人有機會
09:04
to eat more plant-based meals
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吃到更多素食餐點，
09:07
and they've received an overwhelming
response from Detroiters.
response from Detroiters.
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且底特律人對這間餐廳的反應非常棒。
09:11
Detroiters are hungry
for culturally appropriate,
for culturally appropriate,
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底特律人很渴望能有文化契合的、
09:14
fresh, delicious food.
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新鮮、好吃的食物。
因此我們建立了一個非營利組織，
叫做「底特律食物實驗室」，
叫做「底特律食物實驗室」，
09:16
That's why we built a nonprofit
organization called FoodLab Detroit,
organization called FoodLab Detroit,
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09:20
to help small neighborhood
burgeoning food entrepreneurs
burgeoning food entrepreneurs
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來協助鄰坊中正在
快速發展的小型創業家，
快速發展的小型創業家，
09:23
start and scale healthy food businesses.
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開始做健康食物生意並擴展規模。
09:26
FoodLab provides
these entrepreneurs incubation,
these entrepreneurs incubation,
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食物實驗室提供這些創業家籌劃、
09:30
hands-on education, workshops,
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實做教育訓練、工作坊、
09:32
technical assistance,
access to industry experts
access to industry experts
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技術協助，和產業專家接觸的門徑，
09:36
so that they can grow and scale.
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讓他們能夠成長和擴展。
09:38
They're very small businesses,
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他們的企業很小，
09:40
but last year, they had a combined revenue
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但去年，他們加起來的收益
09:43
of over 7.5 million dollars,
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超過 750 萬美金，
09:45
and they provided 252 jobs.
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且他們提供了 252 個工作機會。
09:49
Listen.
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聽著...
09:50
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:53
These are just a few examples
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這些只是少數的例子，
09:57
on how you expand opportunities
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說明你要如何拓展機會，
10:01
so that everybody can participate
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讓每個人都可以參與，
10:04
and prosper,
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一起昌盛，
10:06
particularly those
who come from neighborhoods
who come from neighborhoods
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特別是那些在歷史上
10:10
that have been historically excluded
from these types of opportunities.
from these types of opportunities.
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所住區域都沒有這類機會的人。
10:14
I know, I know.
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我知道，我知道。
10:17
My city is a long way from succeeding.
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我的城市和成功的距離很遠。
10:22
We're still struggling,
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我們仍然在掙扎，
10:23
and I'm not going to stand here
on this stage and tell you
on this stage and tell you
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我不會站在台上這裡告訴你們
10:26
that all of Detroit's problems
and all of Detroit's challenges
and all of Detroit's challenges
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底特律所有的問題和挑戰
10:29
are going to be solved
through urban agriculture.
through urban agriculture.
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都能透過都市農業來解決。
10:32
I'm not going to do that,
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我不會這麼做，
10:34
but I will tell you this:
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但我會告訴你們這一點：
10:36
urban agriculture
has Detroit thinking about its city
has Detroit thinking about its city
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都市農業讓底特律
現在能夠用不同的方式
現在能夠用不同的方式
10:39
now in a different way,
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來看待這個城市，
10:41
a city that can be both urban and rural.
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這個城市能同時是都市又是郊區。
10:46
And yes, I know, these stories are small,
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是的，我知道，
這些故事都是小故事，
這些故事都是小故事，
10:48
these stories are
neighborhood-based stories,
neighborhood-based stories,
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這些故事都是鄰坊的故事，
10:51
but these stories are powerful.
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2056
但這些故事很強大。
10:53
They're powerful because I'm showing you
how we're creating a new society
how we're creating a new society
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它們很強大是因為，
我向各位展現出一個新的社會
我向各位展現出一個新的社會
10:57
left vacant in the places and the spaces
that was disintegration from the old.
that was disintegration from the old.
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是如何從一個曾在歷史洪流中
被遺忘瓦解的城市重生而出的。
被遺忘瓦解的城市重生而出的。
11:03
They're powerful stories
because they're stories about love,
because they're stories about love,
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這些故事強大，
因為它們是關於愛的故事，
因為它們是關於愛的故事，
11:06
the love that Detroiters have
for one another,
for one another,
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底特律人對彼此的愛，
11:08
the love that we have for our community,
the love that we have for Mother Earth,
the love that we have for Mother Earth,
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我們對社區的愛，
我們對大地之母的愛，
我們對大地之母的愛，
11:12
but more importantly,
these stories are stories
these stories are stories
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更重要的是，這些故事
11:15
on how devastation, despair, decay
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是關於荒廢、絕望、衰落
11:20
never ever get the last word
in the city of Detroit.
in the city of Detroit.
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4856
在底特律市裡永遠不會取得決定權。
11:25
When hundreds of thousands
of people left Detroit,
of people left Detroit,
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當數十萬人離開底特律時，
11:28
and they left us for dead,
those who stayed had hope.
those who stayed had hope.
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他們丟下我們等死，
而留下的人抱有希望。
而留下的人抱有希望。
11:31
They held on to hope.
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他們緊抓著希望。
11:33
They never gave up.
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他們從不放棄。
11:34
They always kept fighting.
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他們總是持續奮戰。
11:37
And listen, I know,
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聽著，我知道，
11:38
transforming a big city like Detroit
to one that is prosperous,
to one that is prosperous,
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把底特律這麼大的城市
轉變成一個繁榮、
轉變成一個繁榮、
11:42
one that's functional, one that's healthy,
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有功能性、健康、包容、
11:44
one that's inclusive,
one that provides opportunities for all,
one that provides opportunities for all,
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且能提供機會給所有人的城市，
11:48
I know it's tough,
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我知道很艱難，
11:49
I know it's challenging, I know it's hard.
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我知道很有挑戰，我知道很不容易。
11:52
But I just believe
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但我就是相信，
11:54
that if we start strengthening
the social fabric of our communities,
the social fabric of our communities,
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如果我們能開始強化社區的社會結構，
11:57
and if we kickstart economic opportunities
in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,
in our most vulnerable neighborhoods,
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如果我們在最脆弱的鄰坊中
推動經濟機會，
推動經濟機會，
12:02
it all starts with healthy, accessible,
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這一切都始於健康、可取得、
12:06
delicious, culturally appropriate food.
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美味、與文化契合的食物。
12:11
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
12:12
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
12:18
Thank you.
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謝謝。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Devita Davison - Food activistAt FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison supports local entrepreneurs and imagines a new future for food justice.
Why you should listen
Detroit is a legendary food town, and it's thanks to small, locally owned businesses that range from streetside barbecue tents to neighborhood bakeries, shops and delis -- even small farms. At FoodLab Detroit, Devita Davison helps locals with ideas for a food business to take their dreams into delicious reality, by connecting them with business advice, help with compliance and licensing, space in professional kitchens, marketing ideas and more. The nonprofit focuses on entrepreneurs and communities who have been traditionally under-resourced, aiming to build power and resilience for people around the city.
FoodLab's vision is to cultivate, connect and catalyze, to use food as an economic engine, to form a supportive community of entrepreneurs and to make good food a reality for all Detroiters.
Devita Davison | Speaker | TED.com