ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hunter - Educator
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements").

Why you should listen

Musician, teacher, filmmaker and game designer, John Hunter has dedicated his life to helping children realize their full potential. His own life story is one of a never-ending quest for harmony. As a student, he studied comparative religions and philosophy while traveling through Japan, China and India. In India, inspired by Ghandi's philosophy, he began to think about the role of the schoolteacher in creating a more peaceful world.

As his online biography says: "Accepting the reality of violence, he would seek to incorporate ways to explore harmony in various situations. This exploration would take form in the framework of a game – something that students would enjoy. Within the game data space, they would be challenged, while enhancing collaborative and communication skills."

In 1978, at the Richmond Community High School, Hunter led the first sessions of his World Peace Game, a hands-on political simulation. The game has now been played around the world, on a four-tiered board. It's the subject of the new film World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements.

Read John Hunter's note to the community following the publication of his TEDTalk >>

More profile about the speaker
John Hunter | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

John Hunter: Teaching with the World Peace Game

John Hunter 談世界和平遊戲

Filmed:
1,558,983 views

John Hunter 把所有世界問題濃縮在一塊四乘五的板子上,讓他四年級的學生來解決這些問題。在 2011 年的 TED 大會上,他解釋如何讓他的學生參與世界和平遊戲,以及為何複雜、自發性的思考和解決問題,比傳統的講課更深入。
- Educator
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements"). Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'm very fortunate幸運 to be here.
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能來到這裡
00:17
I feel so fortunate幸運.
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我感覺很榮幸
00:19
I've been so impressed印象深刻 by the kindness善良 expressed表達 to me.
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人們的友善幾乎讓我有些訝異
00:23
I called my wife妻子 Leslie萊斯利,
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我打電話給我太太雷思里
00:25
and I said, "You know, there's so many許多 good people
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我說“你知道嗎,這裡有好多好人
00:27
trying to do so much good.
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要一起做好多好事
00:29
It feels感覺 like I've landed登陸 in a colony殖民地 of angels天使."
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我感覺我彷彿落到了一群天使之中。”
00:33
It's a true真正 feeling感覺.
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我真的這樣感覺
00:36
But let me get to the talk -- I see the clock時鐘 is running賽跑.
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但讓我開始吧 - 時鐘開始跑了
00:39
I'm a public上市 school學校 teacher老師,
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我是個公立學校的老師
00:42
and I just want to share分享 a story故事 of my superintendent所長.
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我想要和你們分享我的主管的故事
00:45
Her name名稱 is Pam帕姆 Moran莫蘭
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她的名字是潘莫然
00:47
in Albemarle雅寶 County, Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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住在維吉尼亞州
00:49
the foothills山麓 of the Blue藍色 Ridge Mountains.
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藍色背脊山上的山麓小丘
00:51
And she's a very high-tech高科技 superintendent所長.
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她是個非常高科技的主管
00:53
She uses使用 smart聰明 boards, she blogs博客,
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她用互動式點子板,她寫部落格
00:55
she Tweets推文, she does FacebookFacebook的,
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她用推特,臉書
00:57
she does all this sort分類 of high-tech高科技 stuff東東.
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所有高科技的東西她都有
00:59
She's a technology技術 leader領導 and instructional教學 leader領導.
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她在科技和指導方面都非常先進
01:02
But in her office辦公室,
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但在她的辦公室裡
01:04
there's this old wooden, weather-worn天氣穿 table, kitchen廚房 table --
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有一張風塵僕僕的老木頭餐桌
01:08
peeling去皮 green綠色 paint塗料, it's kind of rickety搖搖晃晃.
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上面的油漆都掉了,還搖搖晃晃的
01:11
And I said, "Pam帕姆, you're such這樣 a modern現代, cutting-edge前沿 person.
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我說“潘,你是個這麼摩登、這麼先進的人
01:15
Why is this old table in your office辦公室?"
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你的辦公室裡怎麼放了一張這麼老的桌子?”
01:17
And she told me, she said,
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她說
01:19
"You know, I grew成長 up in Southwestern西南 Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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“我在維吉尼亞西南部的煤礦
01:22
in the coal煤炭 mines礦山 and the farmlands農田 of rural鄉村 Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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還有維吉尼亞鄉下的農場長大
01:25
and this table was in my grandfather's爺爺的 kitchen廚房.
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這張桌子原本在我爺爺的廚房
01:29
And we'd星期三 come in from playing播放, he'd他會 come in from plowing耕作 and working加工,
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我們都在那裡玩,他工作完以後會加入我們
01:32
and we'd星期三 sit around that table every一切 night.
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我們每個晚上圍繞著那張桌子
01:34
And as I grew成長 up, I heard聽說 so much knowledge知識
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在我的成長過程中,我在那張桌上
01:37
and so many許多 insights見解 and so much wisdom智慧
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學到許多知識、智慧
01:39
come out around this table,
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洞悉人世
01:41
I began開始 to call it the wisdom智慧 table.
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我開始叫它智慧桌
01:44
And when he passed通過 on, I took this table with me and brought it to my office辦公室,
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當他離開人世,我把這張桌子帶進我辦公室
01:47
and it reminds提醒 me of him.
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它讓我想起他
01:49
It reminds提醒 me of what goes on around an empty space空間 sometimes有時."
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它提醒我那些空白空間裡都發生了些甚麼”
01:54
The project項目 I'm going to tell you about
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我今天所要介紹的這個計劃
01:56
is called the World世界 Peace和平 Game遊戲,
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叫世界和平遊戲
01:58
and essentially實質上 it is also an empty space空間.
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本質上,它也是個空白的空間
02:00
And I'd like to think of it
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我喜歡把它想做是
02:02
as a 21stST century世紀 wisdom智慧 table, really.
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21世紀的智慧桌
02:06
It all started開始 back in 1977.
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這一切都從1977年開始
02:10
I was a young年輕 man,
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當時我很年輕
02:13
and I had been dropping落下 in and out of college學院.
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在大學裡中輟,進進出出
02:20
And my parents父母 were very patient患者,
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我的父母很有耐心
02:23
but I had been doing intermittent斷斷續續的 sojourns作客 to India印度
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我在印度斷斷續續地逗留
02:25
on a mystical神秘 quest尋求.
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一個神祕的旅程
02:27
And I remember記得 the last time I came來了 back from India印度 --
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我記得最後一次我從印度回來
02:29
in my long white白色 flowing流動 robes長袍
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穿著我飄飄然的白長衫
02:31
and my big beard鬍子 and my John約翰 Lennon列儂 glasses眼鏡 --
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大鬍子和約翰藍儂式的眼鏡
02:34
and I said to my father父親,
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我告訴我父親
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"Dad, I think I've just about found發現 spiritual精神 enlightenment啟示."
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"爸,我想我就快得道了"
02:38
He said, "Well there's one more thing you need to find."
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他說"除了得道你還需要得到另一個東西"
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I said, "What is that, dad?" "A job工作."
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我說"是什麼?" "工作"
02:44
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
02:47
And so they pleaded承認 with me to get a degree in something.
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於是他們請求我完成某個大學學位
02:50
So I got a degree
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於是我畢業了
02:52
and it turned轉身 out to be education教育.
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讀的是教育
02:54
It was an experimental試驗 education教育 program程序.
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那是個實驗性的教育課程
02:56
It could have been dentistry牙科, but the word "experimental試驗" was in it,
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我也可以讀牙醫,但“實驗性”這幾個字
02:58
and so that's what I had to go for.
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讓我選擇了它
03:01
And I went in for a job工作 interview訪問
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我去維吉尼亞州的
03:04
in the Richmond里士滿 Public上市 Schools學校 in Virginia弗吉尼亞州, the capital首都 city,
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列治文公立小學面試
03:07
bought a three-piece三件套 suit適合 -- my concession讓步 to convention慣例 --
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穿著我的三件式西裝 - 作為我對現實的讓步
03:10
kept不停 my long beard鬍子 and my afro黑人
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但保留了我的大鬍子和爆炸頭
03:12
and my platform平台 shoes -- at the time it was the '70s --
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和我的厚底鞋 - 那是70年代
03:15
and I walked in, and I satSAT down and had an interview訪問.
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我走進去,我坐下,接受面試
03:18
And I guess猜測 they were hard up for teachers教師
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我想他們很缺老師
03:20
because the supervisor, her name名稱 was Anna安娜 Aro阿羅,
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當時的主管,她叫安爾若
03:22
said I had the job工作 teaching教學 gifted天才 children孩子.
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她說我可以去教特殊教育
03:26
And I was so shocked吃驚, so stunned目瞪口呆,
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我大吃一驚
03:28
I got up and said, "Well, thank you, but what do I do?"
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站起來說,"嗯謝謝,但我要做什麽啊?"
03:31
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:34
Gifted天才 education教育 hadn't有沒有 really taken採取 hold保持 too much.
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當時並沒有什麼有關特殊教育的教材
03:36
There weren't really many許多 materials物料 or things to use.
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特殊教育才剛起步
03:39
And I said, "What do I do?"
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我說“我該怎麼做?”
03:41
And her answer回答 shocked吃驚 me. It stunned目瞪口呆 me.
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她的回答令我大吃一驚
03:44
Her answer回答 set the template模板
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她的回答成為我整個事業
03:46
for the entire整個 career事業 I was to have after that.
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的模板
03:50
She said, "What do you want to do?"
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她說“你想怎麼做?”
03:55
And that question cleared清除 the space空間.
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這個問題讓我有很大空間
03:57
There was no program程序 directive指示, no manual手冊 to follow跟隨,
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當時的特殊教育沒有教材方向,沒有教學手冊
04:00
no standards標準 in gifted天才 education教育
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也沒有任何標準
04:03
in that way.
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就這樣
04:05
And she cleared清除 such這樣 a space空間
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她提供了很大的空間
04:07
that I endeavored努力 from then on
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就像我一直努力
04:09
to clear明確 a space空間 for my students學生們, an empty space空間,
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為我學生所做的一樣,給他們空間
04:12
whereby因此 they could create創建 and make meaning含義
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讓他們用自己的理解力
04:14
out of their own擁有 understanding理解.
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創造意義
04:18
So this happened發生 in 1978,
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這發生在1978年
04:21
and I was teaching教學 many許多 years年份 later後來,
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多年後我仍然在教書
04:24
and a friend朋友 of mine introduced介紹 me to a young年輕 filmmaker電影製片人.
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一個朋友介紹我認識一個電影人
04:27
His name名稱 is Chris克里斯 Farina法里納.
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他的名字是克里斯法林那
04:29
Chris克里斯 Farina法里納 is here today今天 at his own擁有 cost成本.
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他今天自費來到這裡
04:31
Chris克里斯, could you stand up and let them see you --
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克里斯,你可以站起來讓大家看看你嗎
04:33
a young年輕, visionary空想家 filmmaker電影製片人 who's誰是 made製作 a film電影.
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一個年輕的,有遠見的電影工作人拍了這部電影
04:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
04:40
This film電影 is called "World世界 Peace和平 and Other 4th Grade年級 Achievements成就."
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電影的名字叫"世界和平和其它四年級生的成就"
04:43
He proposed建議 the film電影 to me -- it's a great title標題.
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他向我提出拍攝計劃 - 很棒的名字
04:46
He proposed建議 the film電影 to me,
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他向我提出拍攝計劃
04:48
and I said, "Yeah, maybe it'll它會 be on local本地 TV電視,
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我說"嗯說不定可以上當地的地方台
04:50
and we can say hi to our friends朋友."
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讓我們和朋友揮揮手什麼的。"
04:52
But the film電影 has really gone走了 places地方.
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但這電影一炮而紅
04:54
Now it's still in debt債務, but Chris克里斯 has managed管理, through通過 his own擁有 sacrifice犧牲,
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雖然仍然在虧損,但克里斯做出許多犧牲
04:57
to get this film電影 out.
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嘗試讓更多人看到
04:59
So we made製作 a film電影
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我們拍了這一部電影
05:01
and it turns out to be more than a story故事 about me,
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不只是有關我
05:04
more than a story故事 about one teacher老師.
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身為一個老師的故事
05:06
It's a story故事 that's a testament遺囑 to teaching教學 and teachers教師.
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這是有關教學的成功見證和其它老師
05:10
And it's a beautiful美麗 thing.
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非常美好
05:12
And the strange奇怪 thing is, when I watch the film電影 --
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奇怪的是,當我看電影的時候
05:15
I have the eerie怪異 sensation感覺 of seeing眼看 it --
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有一種很奇怪的感覺
05:18
I saw myself literally按照字面 disappear消失.
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我彷彿看到自己消失了
05:21
What I saw
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我在自己身上看到
05:23
was my teachers教師 coming未來 through通過 me.
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我的老師們的身影
05:27
I saw my geometry幾何 teacher老師 in high school學校, Mr先生. Rucell'sRucell的
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我看到高中的幾何老師,魯瑟先生
05:31
wry扭歪 smile微笑 under his handlebar車把 mustache鬍子.
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在他的小鬍子下微笑
05:34
That's the smile微笑 I use -- that's his smile微笑.
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我的微笑 - 就是他的微笑
05:37
I saw Jan一月 Polo'sPolo的 flashing閃爍 eyes眼睛.
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我看到珍保羅發亮的雙眼
05:40
And they weren't flashing閃爍 in anger憤怒,
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它們不是因為憤怒而發亮
05:42
they were flashing閃爍 in love, intense激烈 love for her students學生們.
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而是因為深刻的,對學生的愛而發亮
05:45
And I have that kind of flash sometimes有時.
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我有時也會這樣
05:48
And I saw Miss小姐 Ethel埃塞爾 J. Banks銀行
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我看見班克小姐
05:51
who wore穿著 pearls珍珠 and high-heels高跟鞋 to elementary初級 school學校 every一切 day.
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每天戴著珍珠穿著高跟鞋到小學
05:55
And you know, she had that old-school老套 teacher老師 stare.
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你知道那種老派的老師
05:59
You know the one.
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都這樣看你
06:01
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:04
"And I'm not even talking about you behind背後 me,
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"我可不是在講你,我背後的那位仁兄
06:06
because I've got eyes眼睛 in the back of my head."
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因為我背後長著眼。"
06:08
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:11
You know that teacher老師?
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你認識他嗎?
06:13
I didn't use that stare very often經常,
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我很少用到這個眼神
06:15
but I do have it in my repertoire劇目.
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但我要的話是可以的
06:18
And Miss小姐 Banks銀行 was there as a great mentor導師 for me.
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班克小姐是我的良師益友
06:21
And then I saw
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然後我看到
06:23
my own擁有 parents父母, my first teachers教師.
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我自己的父母,我的第一個老師
06:26
My father父親, very inventive發明的, spatial空間的 thinker思想家.
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我爸爸,一個非常有創造性的思想家
06:29
That's my brother哥哥 Malcolm馬爾科姆 there on the right.
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坐在右邊的是我兄弟馬爾康
06:32
And my mother母親,
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還有我媽
06:34
who taught me in fourth第四 grade年級
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我在維吉尼亞上種族分隔學校時
06:36
in segregated隔離 schools學校 in Virginia弗吉尼亞州,
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的四年級導師
06:38
who was my inspiration靈感.
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我的靈感來源
06:41
And really, I feel as though雖然,
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真的,在我看電影的時候
06:43
when I see the film電影 --
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我感覺到
06:45
I have a gesture手勢 she does, like this --
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我有和她一樣的姿態,像這樣
06:48
I feel like I am a continuation延續 of her gesture手勢.
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我覺得我延續了這個姿態
06:52
I am one of her teaching教學 gestures手勢.
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我是她教學姿態的一部分
06:54
And the beautiful美麗 thing was,
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美妙的是
06:56
I got to teach my daughter女兒 in elementary初級 school學校, Madeline馬德琳.
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我在小學裡教到我自己的女兒瑪德蓮
06:59
And so that gesture手勢 of my mother's母親
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於是我母親的這個姿態
07:01
continues繼續 through通過 many許多 generations.
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會持續好多代
07:03
It's an amazing驚人 feeling感覺
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那種傳承的感覺
07:05
to have that lineage血統.
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真的好棒
07:07
And so I'm here standing常設 on the shoulders肩膀 of many許多 people.
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於是我在這裡,站在這麼多人的肩膀上
07:09
I'm not here alone單獨.
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我並不孤單
07:11
There are many許多 people on this stage階段 right now.
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台上有許多人和我在一起
07:15
And so this World世界 Peace和平 Game遊戲 I'd like to tell you about.
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我想和你們談談的這個世界和平遊戲
07:19
It started開始 out like this:
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是這樣開始的:
07:21
it's just a four-foot四足 by five-foot五英尺 plywood合板 board
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它本來只是1978年在都市貧民區的一張
07:24
in an inner-city內城 urban城市的 school學校, 1978.
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四英尺乘五英尺的板子
07:27
I was creating創建 a lesson for students學生們 on Africa非洲.
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我正在為學生準備一個有關非洲的教材
07:29
We put all the problems問題 of the world世界 there,
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我們把世界上所有問題放在板子上
07:31
and I thought, let's let them solve解決 it.
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我想,讓他們解決這些問題吧
07:33
I didn't want to lecture演講 or have just book reading.
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我不想只是講課或是朗讀
07:36
I wanted to have them be immersed沉浸
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我想要他們學會
07:38
and learn學習 the feeling感覺 of learning學習 through通過 their bodies身體.
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全心全意地投入學習
07:42
So I thought, well they like to play games遊戲.
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我想,嗯他們喜歡玩遊戲
07:44
I'll make something -- I didn't say interactive互動;
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我可以 - 我不是說互動
07:46
we didn't have that term術語 in 1978 --
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1978年根本還沒有這個字
07:48
but something interactive互動.
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但一些可以讓他們互動的遊戲
07:50
And so we made製作 the game遊戲,
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於是我們做了這個遊戲
07:52
and it has since以來 evolved進化
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從那時候開始
07:54
to a four-foot四足 by four-foot四足 by four-foot四足
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它慢慢演變成四英尺立方
07:57
Plexiglass有機玻璃 structure結構體.
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的耐熱玻璃結構
08:00
And it has four Plexiglass有機玻璃 layers.
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裡面有四層
08:03
There's an outer space空間 layer
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外太空是一層
08:05
with black黑色 holes and satellites衛星
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裡頭有黑洞和衛星
08:07
and research研究 satellites衛星 and asteroid小行星 mining礦業.
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研究衛星和行星研究
08:09
There's an air空氣 and space空間 level水平
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再來是大氣層
08:11
with clouds that are big puffs泡芙 of cotton we push around
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被我們推來推去的這些蓬蓬棉花球是雲朵
08:13
and territorial領土的 air空氣 spaces空間 and air空氣 forces軍隊,
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有不同國家的領空和空軍
08:15
a ground地面 and sea level水平 with thousands數千 of game遊戲 pieces on it --
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還有平底和海平面,上面有幾千種不同遊戲塊
08:18
even an undersea海底 level水平
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還有海底世界
08:20
with submarines潛艇 and undersea海底 mining礦業.
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有潛水艇和深海礦區
08:22
There are four countries國家 around the board.
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板子上面有四個國家
08:24
The kids孩子 make up the names of the countries國家 -- some are rich豐富; some are poor較差的.
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孩子們可以為自己的國家取名字 - 有些富有有些貧窮
08:27
They have different不同 assets資產, commercial廣告 and military軍事.
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他們有不同的資產,商業或軍師上的
08:30
And each country國家 has a cabinet內閣.
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每個國家都有個內閣
08:32
There's a Prime主要 Minister部長, Secretary秘書 of State, Minister部長 of Defense防禦
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有總理,國務卿,國防部長
08:34
and a CFO首席財務官, or Comptroller主計長.
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和財政部長
08:37
I choose選擇 the Prime主要 Minister部長 based基於 on my relationship關係 with them.
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我依照我和他們的關係選擇總理
08:40
I offer提供 them the job工作, they can turn it down,
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我提出邀請,他們可以拒絕
08:42
and then they choose選擇 their own擁有 cabinet內閣.
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然後他們可以自己選擇內閣
08:44
There's a World世界 Bank銀行, arms武器 dealers經銷商 and a United聯合的 Nations國家.
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裡頭有世界銀行、軍火商和聯合國
08:47
There's also a weather天氣 goddess女神
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還有天氣女神
08:49
who controls控制 a random隨機 stock股票 market市場 and random隨機 weather天氣.
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她控制陰晴不定的股票市場和天氣
08:52
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
08:54
That's not all.
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這還不是全部
08:56
And then there's a 13-page-頁 crisis危機 document文件
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裡頭有13頁的危機文件
08:58
with 50 interlocking聯鎖 problems問題.
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還有50個連鎖問題
09:00
So that, if one thing changes變化, everything else其他 changes變化.
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如果一件事改變了,其它事也會跟著變
09:03
I throw them into this complex複雜 matrix矩陣,
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我把他們扔進這個複雜的世界
09:06
and they trust相信 me because we have a deep, rich豐富 relationship關係 together一起.
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他們信任我,因為我們和他們關係很好
09:11
And so with all these crises危機,
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這些危機
09:13
we have -- let's see -- ethnic民族 and minority少數民族 tensions緊張;
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像是 - 民族和少數民族的衝突
09:16
we have chemical化學 and nuclear spills洩漏,
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化學和核子外洩
09:18
nuclear proliferation增殖.
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核子武器的增產擴散
09:20
There's oil spills洩漏, environmental環境的 disasters災害,
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石油外泄,環境災害
09:23
water rights權利 disputes爭議, breakaway擺脫 republics共和國,
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領海紛爭,政體分裂
09:26
famine飢荒, endangered瀕危 species種類 and global全球 warming變暖.
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飢荒,動物絕種和溫室效應
09:28
If Al Gore血塊 is here,
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如果高爾在這
09:30
I'm going to send發送 my fourth-graders四年級學生 from Agnor-Hurt嗜銀蛋白,傷害 and Venable維納布爾 schools學校 to you
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我會派出我兩個小學的四年級學生
09:33
because they solved解決了 global全球 warming變暖 in a week.
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因為他們可以在一個禮拜內解決暖化問題
09:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:38
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:41
And they've他們已經 doneDONE it several一些 times too.
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而且他們已經解決好幾次了
09:44
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
09:46
So I also have in the game遊戲 a saboteur怠工者 --
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遊戲裡還有個破壞家
09:49
some child兒童 -- it's basically基本上 a troublemaker麻煩製造者 --
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基本上就是個搗蛋鬼
09:52
and I have my troublemaker麻煩製造者 put to use
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這個麻煩製造者
09:55
because they, on the surface表面,
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表面上看起來
09:57
are trying to save保存 the world世界 and their position位置 in the game遊戲.
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是要在遊戲裡拯救世界和自己的權利
09:59
But they're also trying to undermine破壞 everything in the game遊戲.
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但事實上他們是要暗中破壞遊戲中的所有一切
10:03
And they do it secretly偷偷 through通過 misinformation誤傳
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他們用散發錯誤情報
10:05
and ambiguities歧義 and irrelevancies不相干,
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曖昧不明,和毫無關聯的事物
10:07
trying to cause原因 everyone大家 to think more deeply.
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讓遊戲中的每個人仔細思考
10:09
The saboteur怠工者 is there,
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破壞家在那
10:11
and we also read from Sun太陽 Tzu's慈濟的 "The Art藝術 of War戰爭."
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我們也讀孫子兵法
10:13
Fourth-graders四年級學生 understand理解 it -- nine years年份 old --
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四年級,9歲的孩子可以理解
10:16
and they handle處理 that and use that
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可以學習如何靈活應用
10:18
to understand理解 how to, not follow跟隨 --
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剛開始他們只是照著做
10:20
at first they do --
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剛開始他們
10:22
the paths路徑 to power功率 and destruction毀壞,
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走上爭權奪利和毀滅性的
10:24
the path路徑 to war戰爭.
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戰爭之道
10:26
They learn學習 to overlook俯瞰 short-sighted短視 reactions反應
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然後慢慢學會不要短視近利
10:28
and impulsive浮躁 thinking思維,
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不要因衝動做出決定
10:30
to think in a long-term長期, more consequential後果 way.
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以長期的利弊來檢視,思考可能的後果
10:34
Stewart斯圖爾特 Brand is here, and one of the ideas思路 for this game遊戲 came來了 from him
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在我們之中的 Stewart Brand,其中的一個想法從他而來
10:37
with a CoEvolution共同進化 Quarterly季刊 article文章
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從他在《共同進化季刊》裡的
10:39
on a peace和平 force.
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談論的和平組織而來
10:41
And in the game遊戲, sometimes有時 students學生們 actually其實 form形成 a peace和平 force.
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在這個遊戲裡,有時候學生們會組成一個和平小組
10:44
I'm just a clock時鐘 watcher守望者.
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我只負責算時間
10:47
I'm just a clarifier澄清. I'm just a facilitator主持人.
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解釋問題,促進遊戲進行順利
10:49
The students學生們 run the game遊戲.
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學生們控制遊戲裡的所有細節
10:51
I have no chance機會 to make any policy政策 whatsoever任何
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一旦他們開始玩
10:53
once一旦 they start開始 playing播放.
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我沒有機會可以制定任何政策
10:55
So I'll just share分享 with you ...
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我在這裡和你分享 -
10:58
(Video視頻) Boy男孩: The World世界 Peace和平 Game遊戲 is serious嚴重.
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(影片)男孩:世界和平遊戲是很嚴肅的
11:00
You're actually其實 getting得到 taught something like how to take care關心 of the world世界.
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在其中你可以學習如何解決世界問題
11:03
See, Mr先生. Hunter獵人 is doing that
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Hunter 老師說
11:05
because he says his time has messed搞砸 up a lot,
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他這麼做是因為他的時代做錯很多事情
11:07
and he's trying to tell us
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他想要告訴我們
11:09
how to fix固定 that problem問題.
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如何解決這些問題
11:11
John約翰 Hunter獵人: I offered提供 them a --
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John Hunter:我給他們一個 -
11:13
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
11:16
Actually其實, I can't tell them anything because I don't know the answer回答.
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事實上,我沒辦法告訴他們任何事,因為我也沒有答案
11:19
And I admit承認 the truth真相 to them right up front面前: I don't know.
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我一開始就告訴他們事實:我不知道
11:22
And because I don't know, they've他們已經 got to dig up the answer回答.
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正因為我不知道,他們必須自己找出解答
11:25
And so I apologize道歉 to them as well.
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於是我向他們道歉
11:27
I say, "I'm so sorry, boys男孩 and girls女孩,
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我說“小朋友們,我很抱歉
11:30
but the truth真相 is
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事實是
11:32
we have left this world世界 to you in such這樣 a sad傷心 and terrible可怕 shape形狀,
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我們把世界交給你的時候,它是這麼混亂
11:35
and we hope希望 you can fix固定 it for us,
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我們希望你可以幫助我們解決問題
11:37
and maybe this game遊戲 will help you learn學習 how to do it."
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說不定這個遊戲可以教你們如何解決。”
11:39
It's a sincere真誠 apology歉意,
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這是個很誠懇的道歉
11:41
and they take it very seriously認真地.
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他們非常認真地接受了
11:43
Now you may可能 be wondering想知道 what all this complexity複雜 looks容貌 like.
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現在你可能會想看看這個複雜的遊戲看起來是甚麼樣子
11:46
Well when we have the game遊戲 start開始, here's這裡的 what you see.
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遊戲開始的時候,它是這個樣子
11:49
(Video視頻) JHJH: All right, we're going into negotiations談判 as of now. Go.
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(影片)好的,我們現在開始談判,開始
11:52
(Chatter喋喋不休)
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(討論聲)
12:00
JHJH: My question to you is, who's誰是 in charge收費 of that classroom課堂?
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JH:我想問你們,誰在帶領這個教室
12:04
It's a serious嚴重 question: who is really in charge收費?
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我很認真的問:是誰在帶頭?
12:07
I've learned學到了 to cede放棄 control控制 of the classroom課堂
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這麼久以來,我總算學會
12:09
over to the students學生們 over time.
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把課堂還給學生
12:11
There's a trust相信 and an understanding理解
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這裡頭的信任,理解
12:13
and a dedication貢獻 to an ideal理想
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和對理想的投入
12:15
that I simply只是 don't have to do
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讓我根本不用
12:17
what I thought I had to do as a beginning開始 teacher老師:
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做那些我剛開始做老師時所以為我該做的
12:19
control控制 every一切 conversation會話 and response響應 in the classroom課堂.
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控制課堂裡的的每個討論和回應
12:22
It's impossible不可能. Their collective集體 wisdom智慧
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這是不可能的
12:24
is much greater更大 than mine,
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他們的集體智慧遠遠超過我
12:26
and I admit承認 it to them openly公然.
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我直接向他們承認這點
12:29
So I'll just share分享 with you some stories故事 very quickly很快
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我現在很快地和你們分享一些故事
12:32
of some magical神奇 things that have happened發生.
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一些神奇的事
12:35
In this game遊戲 we had a little girl女孩,
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在遊戲裡有個小女孩
12:38
and she was the Defense防禦 Minister部長 of the poorest最窮 nation國家.
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她是窮國的國防部長
12:41
And the Defense防禦 Minister部長 -- she had the tank坦克 corps兵團 and Air空氣 Force and so forth向前.
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身為國防部長 - 她握有坦克隊、空軍等等
12:45
And she was next下一個 door to a very wealthy富裕, oil-rich石油資源豐富 neighbor鄰居.
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她的國家在一個非常富有的、充滿石油的國家旁邊
12:48
Without沒有 provocation挑釁,
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在毫無挑釁的狀況下
12:50
suddenly突然 she attacked襲擊, against反對 her Prime主要 Minister's部長 orders命令,
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她突然違反總理的命令
12:53
the next-door隔壁 neighbor's鄰居 oil fields領域.
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突擊鄰國的油田
12:55
She marched遊行 into the oil field領域 reserves儲量,
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她把坦克開進對方的油田
12:57
surrounded包圍 it, without firing射擊 a shot射擊,
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圍繞它,卻不射擊
12:59
and secured安全 it and held保持 it.
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只是佔領並掩護它
13:01
And that neighbor鄰居 was unable無法 to conduct進行 any military軍事 operations操作
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鄰國無法做出任何反擊
13:03
because their fuel汽油 supply供應 was locked鎖定 up.
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因為他們的油田被封住了
13:06
We were all upset煩亂 with her, "Why are you doing this?
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我們都很生氣,對她說“你幹嘛這樣?
13:08
This is the World世界 Peace和平 Game遊戲. What is wrong錯誤 with you?"
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這可是世界和平遊戲哎,你有什麼問題啊?“
13:10
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
13:12
This was a little girl女孩 and, at nine years年份 old,
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這個小女孩,只有九歲
13:14
she held保持 her pieces and said, "I know what I'm doing."
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她只是握著她的棋子,對她的朋友說
13:17
To her girlfriends女友 she said that.
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"我知道我自己在做什麼"
13:20
That's a breach突破口 there.
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於是產生了衝突
13:22
And we learned學到了 in this, you don't really ever want to cross交叉
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於是我們學到,絕對不要惹火
13:24
a nine year-old girl女孩 with tanks坦克.
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一個擁有坦克的九歲小女孩
13:26
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
13:28
They are the toughest最艱難的 opponents對手.
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她們是競爭激烈的對手
13:31
And we were very upset煩亂.
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我們都很憤怒
13:33
I thought I was failing失敗 as a teacher老師. Why would she do this?
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我想這是我身為教師的失敗:她為什麼會這麼做?
13:36
But come to find out, a few少數 game遊戲 days later後來 --
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但幾天後,我逐漸發現
13:38
and there are turns where we take negotiation談判 from a team球隊 --
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每個隊伍都有談判的時候
13:42
actually其實 there's a negotiation談判 period with all teams球隊,
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所有隊伍都有一個談判時間
13:45
and each team球隊 takes a turn,
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每一組輪流
13:47
then we go back in negotiation談判, around and around,
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我們回到談判桌,一次又一次
13:49
so each turn around is one game遊戲 day.
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一圈就是一天份的遊戲
13:51
So a few少數 game遊戲 days later後來 it came來了 to light
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幾圈談判以後總算真相大白
13:54
that we found發現 out this major重大的 country國家
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我們發現這個大國
13:56
was planning規劃 a military軍事 offensive進攻
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正在計劃一個大型軍事行動
13:58
to dominate支配 the entire整個 world世界.
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要征服整個世界
14:01
Had they had their fuel汽油 supplies耗材, they would have doneDONE it.
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如果它們握有石油,就可以達成計劃
14:03
She was able能夠 to see the vectors矢量 and trend趨勢 lines and intentions意圖
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她比我們先看到這個這個趨勢
14:06
long before any of us
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對方的意圖
14:08
and understand理解 what was going to happen發生
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理解即將發生的事態
14:10
and made製作 a philosophical哲學上 decision決定
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做出一個哲學性的決定
14:12
to attack攻擊 in a peace和平 game遊戲.
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在和平遊戲裡攻擊。
14:15
Now she used a small war戰爭 to avert避免 a larger war戰爭,
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她用一個小的戰爭來避免一個大的戰爭
14:18
so we stopped停止 and had a very good philosophical哲學上 discussion討論
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於是我們把遊戲暫停,一起參與這個哲學討論
14:20
about whether是否 that was right,
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討論這究竟是對的
14:22
conditional有條件的 good, or not right.
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在某些狀況下是好的,或是錯的
14:25
That's the kind of thinking思維 that we put them in, the situations情況.
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這就是我們在這種狀況下所思考的
14:28
I could not have designed設計 that in teaching教學 it.
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我無法設計出這種教材
14:30
It came來了 about spontaneously自發 through通過 their collective集體 wisdom智慧.
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這必須出自偶然,出自他們自己的集體智慧
14:33
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
14:39
Another另一個 example, a beautiful美麗 thing happened發生.
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另外一個例子是,一件美好的事發生了
14:41
We have a letter in the game遊戲.
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我們有一封信在遊戲裡
14:43
If you're a military軍事 commander指揮官 and you wage工資 troops軍隊 --
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你是個將軍,你增兵
14:45
the little plastic塑料 toys玩具 on the board -- and you lose失去 them,
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板子上的一塊塑膠玩具 - 然後你失去了它
14:48
I put in a letter.
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我放在信裡
14:50
You have to write a letter to their parents父母 --
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你必須寫一封信給他們的家長
14:53
the fictional虛構 parents父母 of your fictional虛構 troops軍隊 --
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你那虛構士兵的虛構家長
14:55
explaining說明 what happened發生 and offering your condolences慰問.
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解釋事情發生的經過,並獻上弔辭
14:58
So you have a little bit more thought
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於是在你準備開戰的時候
15:00
before you commit承諾 to combat戰鬥.
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你會三思而行
15:03
And so we had this situation情況 come up --
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於是我們遇見這個狀況
15:05
last summer夏季 actually其實,
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上一個夏天
15:07
at Agnor-Hurt嗜銀蛋白,傷害 School學校 in Albemarle雅寶 County --
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在 Albemarle 區的 Agnor-Hurt 小學
15:10
and one of our military軍事 commanders指揮官 got up to read that letter
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我們其中一個將軍起來朗誦這封信
15:13
and one of the other kids孩子 said, "Mr先生. Hunter獵人,
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另外一個學生起來說“Hunter 先生
15:15
let's ask -- there's a parent over there."
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那裡有個家長”
15:17
There was a parent visiting訪問 that day, just sitting坐在 in the back of the room房間.
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那天是家長訪問學校的日子,他們都坐在教師後面
15:19
"Let's ask that mom媽媽 to read the letter.
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“我們讓那個媽媽來讀這封信,
15:21
It'll它會 be more realer更真實 if she reads it."
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她讀會更有真實感。”
15:23
So we did, we asked her, and she gamely勇敢地 picked採摘的 up the letter.
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於是我們問了她,她很配合地拿起信
15:26
"Sure." She started開始 reading. She read one sentence句子.
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“好的。”她開始讀,她讀了一句
15:29
She read two sentences句子.
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兩句
15:32
By the third第三 sentence句子, she was in tears眼淚.
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到了第三句,她淚眼盈眶
15:35
I was in tears眼淚.
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我也流淚了
15:38
Everybody每個人 understood了解
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在場的每個人都懂了
15:40
that when we lose失去 somebody, the winners獲獎者 are not gloating幸災樂禍.
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當有人失去性命,勝利的一方並沒有甚麼好得意的
15:43
We all lose失去.
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我們都是輸家
15:46
And it was an amazing驚人 occurrence發生 and an amazing驚人 understanding理解.
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這件事的發生和眾人的理解都很神奇
15:48
I'll show顯示 you what my friend朋友 David大衛 says about this.
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你們可以看看我朋友大衛怎麼說
15:50
He's been in many許多 battles戰鬥.
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他經歷許多戰役
15:52
(Video視頻) David大衛: We've我們已經 really had enough足夠 of people attacking進攻.
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(影片)大衛:我們真的受夠了攻擊
15:54
I mean, we've我們已經 been lucky幸運 [most of] the time.
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雖然大部分時候我們都很幸運
15:58
But now I'm feeling感覺 really weird奇怪的
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但現在我感覺很怪
16:00
because I'm living活的 what Sun太陽 Tzu慈濟 said one week.
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我現在正經歷孫子說的
16:04
One week he said,
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他說
16:06
"Those who go into battle戰鬥 and win贏得
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“那些投身戰爭並勝利的人
16:08
will want to go back,
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會想回到戰場上
16:10
and those who lose失去 in battle戰鬥
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那些戰役的輸家
16:12
will want to go back and win贏得."
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會想再回去獲得勝利。”
16:15
And so I've been winning勝利 battles戰鬥,
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我在許多戰役中獲得勝利
16:17
so I'm going into battles戰鬥, more battles戰鬥.
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於是我一次又一次加入他們
16:20
And I think it's sort分類 of weird奇怪的 to be living活的
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我的感覺,很奇異的
16:22
what Sun太陽 Tzu慈濟 said.
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就像孫子所描述的
16:26
JHJH: I get chills畏寒 every一切 time I see that.
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每次我看那個影片,我就打冷顫
16:29
That's the kind of engagement訂婚 you want to have happen發生.
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這就是你想要的投入程度
16:32
And I can't design設計 that, I can't plan計劃 that,
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是我所不能計劃或設計出來的
16:35
and I can't even test測試 that.
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我甚至不能試驗
16:37
But it's self-evident不言而喻 assessment評定.
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但結果很明確
16:39
We know that's an authentic真實 assessment評定 of learning學習.
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我們都知道有一些教育成果是不言而喻的
16:44
We have a lot of data數據, but I think sometimes有時 we go beyond data數據
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我們有很多數據,但我認為有時我們應該用真實的例子
16:47
with the real真實 truth真相 of what's going on.
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超越這些數據
16:50
So I'll just share分享 a third第三 story故事.
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讓我分享第三個故事
16:53
This is about my friend朋友 Brennan布倫南.
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和我朋友貝南有關
16:56
We had played發揮 the game遊戲 one session會議 after school學校
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有一天我們在下課後玩遊戲
16:59
for many許多 weeks, about seven weeks,
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幾個禮拜,似乎是七個禮拜
17:02
and we had essentially實質上 solved解決了 all 50 of the interlocking聯鎖 crises危機.
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我們基本上解決了50個連鎖危機
17:05
The way the game遊戲 is won韓元 is all 50 problems問題 have to be solved解決了
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贏得遊戲的方法就是把50個問題全解決
17:08
and every一切 country's asset財富 value
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而且每個國家的資產
17:10
has to be increased增加 above以上 its starting開始 point.
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都要比遊戲開始時更多
17:12
Some are poor較差的, some are wealthy富裕. There are billions數十億.
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有些貧窮,有些富有。有好幾億。
17:15
The World世界 Bank銀行 president主席 was a third-grader三年級學生 one time.
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有一次,世界銀行總裁是個三年級的學生
17:17
He says, "How many許多 zeros in a trillion? I've got to calculate計算 that right away."
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他說“兆裡面有幾個零?我需要把這個算對。”
17:20
But he was setting設置 fiscal policy政策 in that game遊戲
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他在為其它高中玩家
17:22
for high school學校 players玩家 who were playing播放 with him.
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設立財政政策
17:25
So the team球隊 that was the poorest最窮
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於是窮國
17:28
had gotten得到 even poorer.
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變得更窮
17:30
There was no way they could win贏得.
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他們是不可能贏的
17:32
And we were approaching接近 four o'clock, our cut-off隔斷 time --
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我們越來越接近下午四點的期限
17:34
there was about a minute分鐘 left --
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只剩下一分鐘
17:36
and despair絕望 just settled安定 over the room房間.
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絕望充滿了整個課堂
17:38
I thought, I'm failing失敗 as a teacher老師.
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我想,身為教師,我失敗了
17:40
I should have gotten得到 it so they could have won韓元.
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我應該想辦法讓他們贏的
17:43
They shouldn't不能 be failing失敗 like this.
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他們不應該這樣就失敗了
17:46
I've failed失敗 them.
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我讓他們失望了
17:49
And I was just feeling感覺 so sad傷心 and dejected垂頭喪氣.
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正在我感覺失望和沮喪時
17:51
And suddenly突然, Brennan布倫南 walked over to my chair椅子
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貝南走到我身邊來
17:53
and he grabbed抓起 the bell, the bell I ring
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他拿走我手上的響鐘
17:55
to signal信號 a change更改 or a reconvening再次召開 of cabinets櫥櫃,
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原本是用在內閣重組的時候
17:57
and he ran back to his seat座位, rang the bell.
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他跑回座位,打響它
17:59
Everybody每個人 ran to his chair椅子: there was screaming尖叫;
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每個人都跑到他座位那裡,鬧成一團
18:01
there was yelling大呼小叫, waving揮手 of their dossiers檔案.
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叫著,揮舞著他們的檔案
18:03
They get these dossiers檔案 full充分 of secret秘密 documents文件.
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這些檔案裡充滿祕密文件
18:05
They were gesticulating指手畫腳; they were running賽跑 around.
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他們打著手勢,滿教室亂跑
18:07
I didn't know what they were doing. I'd lost丟失 control控制 of my classroom課堂.
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我不知道他們在做甚麼,整個教室失控了
18:11
Principal主要 walks散步 in, I'm out of a job工作.
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要是校長在那時候走進來,我就失業了
18:14
The parents父母 were looking in the window窗口.
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家長從窗子外看近來
18:16
And Brennan布倫南 runs運行 back to his seat座位. Everybody每個人 runs運行 back to their seat座位.
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貝南跑會他的座位,每個人都回到原座
18:19
He rings戒指 the bell again. He says, "We have" --
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他重新敲響鐘。他說 -
18:21
and there's 12 seconds left on the clock時鐘 --
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那時還剩下12秒
18:23
"we have, all nations國家, pooled匯集 all our funds資金 together一起.
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“我們集合了所有國家的所有資金
18:26
And we've我們已經 got 600 billion十億 dollars美元.
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我們有600億
18:28
We're going to offer提供 it as a donation捐款 to this poor較差的 country國家.
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我們要把這些捐給窮國
18:30
And if they accept接受 it, it'll它會 raise提高 their asset財富 value and we can win贏得 the game遊戲.
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如果他們接受,他們就可以提升資本,我們就贏得了遊戲
18:33
Will you accept接受 it?"
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你們接受嗎?
18:35
And there are three seconds left on the clock時鐘.
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那時只剩下三秒
18:37
Everybody每個人 looks容貌 at this prime主要 minister部長 of that country國家,
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每個人都盯著那個國家的總理
18:40
and he says, "Yes."
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他回答“好的。”
18:42
And the game遊戲 is won韓元.
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於是大家贏得遊戲
18:45
Spontaneous自發 compassion同情
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自發的仁愛
18:48
that could not be planned計劃 for,
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不能計劃的
18:50
that was unexpected意外 and unpredictable不可預料的.
434
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無法想像預知的
18:53
Every一切 game遊戲 we play is different不同.
435
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每次的遊戲都不同
18:55
Some games遊戲 are more about social社會 issues問題,
436
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某些遊戲有關社會議題
18:57
some are more about economic經濟 issues問題.
437
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某些有關經濟議題
18:59
Some games遊戲 are more about warfare.
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有些有關戰爭
19:01
But I don't try to deny拒絕 them that reality現實 of being存在 human人的.
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但我從不避免提到我們身為人的真實狀態
19:04
I allow允許 them to go there
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我讓他們去探索
19:06
and, through通過 their own擁有 experience經驗, learn學習, in a bloodless不流血 way,
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以一種冷血的方式,自己去經歷
19:10
how not to do what they consider考慮 to be the wrong錯誤 thing.
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如何不去做那些自己認為錯誤的事
19:13
And they find out what is right
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讓他們找到甚麼是對的
19:15
their own擁有 way, their own擁有 selves自我.
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用他們自己的方法,自己兆
19:18
And so in this game遊戲,
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在這個遊戲裡
19:20
I've learned學到了 so much from it,
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我學了很多
19:22
but I would say
447
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我必須說
19:24
that if only
448
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倘若
19:27
they could pick up a critical危急 thinking思維 tool工具
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他們可以從遊戲裡
19:29
or creative創作的 thinking思維 tool工具
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找到批判性思考
19:31
from this game遊戲
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和創意思考的方式
19:33
and leverage槓桿作用 something good for the world世界,
452
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4000
把那變成真正可以解決世界問題的方法
19:37
they may可能 save保存 us all.
453
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來拯救我們所有人
19:40
If only.
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如果。
19:43
And on behalf代表 of all of my teachers教師
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感謝我所有的老師
19:45
on whose誰的 shoulders肩膀 I'm standing常設,
456
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他們的經驗傳承
19:47
thank you. Thank you. Thank you.
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3000
謝謝各位,謝謝各位,謝謝各位
19:50
(Applause掌聲)
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31000
(掌聲)
Translated by Coco Shen
Reviewed by Geoff Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Hunter - Educator
Teacher and musician John Hunter is the inventor of the World Peace Game (and the star of the documentary "World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements").

Why you should listen

Musician, teacher, filmmaker and game designer, John Hunter has dedicated his life to helping children realize their full potential. His own life story is one of a never-ending quest for harmony. As a student, he studied comparative religions and philosophy while traveling through Japan, China and India. In India, inspired by Ghandi's philosophy, he began to think about the role of the schoolteacher in creating a more peaceful world.

As his online biography says: "Accepting the reality of violence, he would seek to incorporate ways to explore harmony in various situations. This exploration would take form in the framework of a game – something that students would enjoy. Within the game data space, they would be challenged, while enhancing collaborative and communication skills."

In 1978, at the Richmond Community High School, Hunter led the first sessions of his World Peace Game, a hands-on political simulation. The game has now been played around the world, on a four-tiered board. It's the subject of the new film World Peace and Other 4th-Grade Achievements.

Read John Hunter's note to the community following the publication of his TEDTalk >>

More profile about the speaker
John Hunter | Speaker | TED.com