TED Salon Brightline Initiative
Amy Edmondson: How to turn a group of strangers into a team
艾咪艾德蒙森: 如何將一群陌生人變成一個團隊
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
2,097,778 views
商學院教授艾咪艾德蒙森研究的是「聯手」，人們快速結合在一起（通常是暫時性的）來解決一個新的、緊急的，或不尋常的問題。艾德蒙森回溯了快速進行團隊合作的故事，比如 2010 年智利有 33 位礦工被困在地底半英哩處的事件，分享了將一群陌生人轉變成一個快速思考團隊所需要的元素，這樣的團隊才能敏捷地對挑戰做出反應。
Amy Edmondson - Leadership expert
Amy Edmondson, the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at the Harvard Business School, studies people and teams seeking to make a positive difference through the work they do. Full bio
Amy Edmondson, the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at the Harvard Business School, studies people and teams seeking to make a positive difference through the work they do. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
It's August 5, 2010.
0
864
2571
時間是 2010 年 8 月 5 日。
00:16
A massive collapse at the San José
Copper Mine in Northern Chile
Copper Mine in Northern Chile
1
4166
4115
智利北部的聖荷西銅礦礦坑
發生重大坍崩，
發生重大坍崩，
00:20
has left 33 men trapped half a mile --
that's two Empire State Buildings --
that's two Empire State Buildings --
2
8305
6181
33 個人被困在世上最堅硬的
岩石下方半英哩處——
岩石下方半英哩處——
那是兩棟帝國大廈的高度。
00:26
below some of the hardest
rock in the world.
rock in the world.
3
14510
2831
00:30
They will find their way to a small refuge
designed for this purpose,
designed for this purpose,
4
18522
4690
他們會找到一個為了
這種狀況所設計的庇護所，
這種狀況所設計的庇護所，
00:35
where they will find intense heat, filth
5
23236
4080
在那裡，他們會找到的，
是很高的溫度、骯髒物，
是很高的溫度、骯髒物，
00:39
and about enough food
for two men for 10 days.
for two men for 10 days.
6
27340
2961
以及大約夠 2 名男性
生存 10 天的食物。
生存 10 天的食物。
00:43
Aboveground, it doesn't take long
7
31436
3468
在地面上，沒有多久
00:46
for the experts to figure out
that there is no solution.
that there is no solution.
8
34928
3155
專家就知道沒有可行的解決方案。
00:50
No drilling technology in the industry
is capable of getting through rock
is capable of getting through rock
9
38560
5678
在這個產業中，沒有任何
鑽洞技術能夠穿過
鑽洞技術能夠穿過
00:56
that hard and that deep
10
44262
2433
這麼堅硬的岩石，且要鑽這麼深，
00:58
fast enough to save their lives.
11
46719
2335
還要夠快才能在出人命前救到人。
01:02
It's not exactly clear
where the refuge is.
where the refuge is.
12
50612
3051
庇護所的確切位置是未知的。
01:06
It's not even clear
if the miners are alive.
if the miners are alive.
13
54933
2312
礦工甚至生死未明。
01:10
And it's not even clear who's in charge.
14
58593
2012
更不知道是誰在負責主導。
01:12
Yet, within 70 days, all 33 of these men
will be brought to the surface alive.
will be brought to the surface alive.
15
60629
5925
然而，在 70 天之後，
33 個人都被活著帶回地面。
33 個人都被活著帶回地面。
01:19
This remarkable story is a case study
16
67090
3610
這個了不起的故事，
是很好的個案研究，
是很好的個案研究，
01:22
in the power of teaming.
17
70724
1359
可以說明聯手的力量。
01:24
So what's "teaming"?
18
72678
1339
「聯手」是什麼？
01:26
Teaming is teamwork on the fly.
19
74041
2207
聯手就是快速的團隊合作。
01:28
It's coordinating
and collaborating with people
and collaborating with people
20
76272
2452
它是與人協調及合作，
01:30
across boundaries of all kinds --
21
78748
1965
且要跨越各種界線——
01:32
expertise, distance,
time zone, you name it --
time zone, you name it --
22
80737
4684
專長、距離、時區，
想得到的都是——
想得到的都是——
01:37
to get work done.
23
85445
1740
來把事情搞定。
01:39
Think of your favorite sports team,
because this is different.
because this is different.
24
87209
3575
想想你最喜歡的運動隊伍，
因為這是不同的。
因為這是不同的。
01:42
Sports teams work together: that magic,
those game-saving plays.
those game-saving plays.
25
90808
4985
運動隊伍會同心協力：那魔法，
那些逆轉勝的關鍵發揮。
那些逆轉勝的關鍵發揮。
01:47
Now, sports teams win
because they practice.
because they practice.
26
95817
4083
運動隊伍會贏，是因為他們有練習。
01:51
But you can only practice
if you have the same members over time.
if you have the same members over time.
27
99924
4465
但只有在你的成員不會隨時間
改變的情況下才有可能練習。
改變的情況下才有可能練習。
01:56
And so you can think of teaming ...
28
104413
2116
所以，你可以把聯手想像成……
01:58
Sports teams embody
the definition of a team,
the definition of a team,
29
106553
3290
運動隊伍是團隊定義的具體呈現，
02:01
the formal definition.
30
109867
1369
正式的定義。
02:03
It's a stable, bounded,
reasonably small group of people
reasonably small group of people
31
111260
4001
它很穩固、有界線、
人數合理的一小群人，
人數合理的一小群人，
02:07
who are interdependent
in achieving a shared outcome.
in achieving a shared outcome.
32
115285
2682
他們互相依賴
以達成一個共同的結果。
以達成一個共同的結果。
02:10
You can think of teaming
as a kind of pickup game in the park,
as a kind of pickup game in the park,
33
118690
3523
你們可以把聯手想像成
公園裡的一種臨時遊戲，
公園裡的一種臨時遊戲，
02:14
in contrast to the formal,
well-practiced team.
well-practiced team.
34
122237
2924
和正式、練習良好的隊伍是個對比。
02:17
Now, which one is going
to win in a playoff?
to win in a playoff?
35
125185
2528
哪一種會贏得季後賽？
02:19
The answer is obvious.
36
127737
1596
答案很明顯。
02:21
So why do I study teaming?
37
129828
1864
那我為什麼還要研究聯手？
02:24
It's because it's the way
more and more of us have to work today.
more and more of us have to work today.
38
132550
4422
因為那是現今我們越來越多人
不得不使用的工作方式。
不得不使用的工作方式。
02:29
With 24/7 global fast-paced operations,
39
137368
3927
隨著全天營業、全年無休的
全球快步調營運、
全球快步調營運、
02:33
crazy shifting schedules
40
141319
2712
瘋狂轉變的時程表，
02:36
and ever-narrower expertise,
41
144055
2716
以及狹隘許多的專長，
02:38
more and more of us have to work
with different people all the time
with different people all the time
42
146795
3230
有越來越多人總是得要
和不同的人合作
和不同的人合作
02:42
to get our work done.
43
150049
1363
才能把工作完成。
02:43
We don't have the luxury of stable teams.
44
151436
2634
我們沒有穩定團隊的奢侈優勢。
02:46
Now, when you can have that luxury,
by all means do it.
by all means do it.
45
154094
4130
若你有幸能有這種奢侈優勢，
務必好好用它。
務必好好用它。
02:50
But increasingly for a lot
of the work we do today,
of the work we do today,
46
158248
2744
但漸漸地，對於現今
我們所做的許多工作，
我們所做的許多工作，
02:53
we don't have that option.
47
161016
1458
我們並沒有那個選項。
02:54
One place where this is true is hospitals.
48
162498
2852
在醫院，這個現象就很明顯。
02:57
This is where I've done
a lot of my research over the years.
a lot of my research over the years.
49
165831
3104
數年來，我就是在醫院中
做了許多研究。
做了許多研究。
03:00
So it turns out hospitals
have to be open 24/7.
have to be open 24/7.
50
168959
4842
結果發現，醫院必須要
全天營業、全年無休。
全天營業、全年無休。
03:06
And patients -- well,
they're all different.
they're all different.
51
174524
3440
而病人——嗯，他們全都不一樣。
03:09
They're all different
in complicated and unique ways.
in complicated and unique ways.
52
177988
2757
他們的不同是很複雜且很獨特的。
03:12
The average hospitalized patient is seen
by 60 or so different caregivers
by 60 or so different caregivers
53
180769
5603
平均來說，住院病人在住院期間，
會被 60 個左右不同的
照護者來照顧。
照護者來照顧。
03:18
throughout his stay.
54
186396
1452
03:20
They come from different shifts,
different specialties,
different specialties,
55
188555
2683
他們有不同的班表、不同的專長、
03:23
different areas of expertise,
56
191262
3941
不同的專門知識領域，
03:27
and they may not even
know each other's name.
know each other's name.
57
195227
2493
他們可能甚至不知道彼此的名字。
03:29
But they have to coordinate in order
for the patient to get great care.
for the patient to get great care.
58
197744
3555
但他們得要協調，
才能讓病人得到好的照護。
才能讓病人得到好的照護。
03:33
And when they don't,
the results can be tragic.
the results can be tragic.
59
201323
2727
如果他們辦不到，
就可能會有悲劇性的結果。
就可能會有悲劇性的結果。
03:36
Of course, in teaming,
the stakes aren't always life and death.
the stakes aren't always life and death.
60
204885
3792
當然，在聯手時牽涉到的
利害關係不見得一定是生死。
利害關係不見得一定是生死。
03:40
Consider what it takes
to create an animated film,
to create an animated film,
61
208701
4040
想想看，要製作出一部動畫電影，
得獎的動畫電影，需要什麼？
03:44
an award-winning animated film.
62
212765
1695
03:46
I had the good fortune
to go to Disney Animation
to go to Disney Animation
63
214484
3156
我有幸能夠到迪士尼動畫公司
03:49
and study over 900 scientists, artists,
64
217664
4938
去研究超過 900 名科學家、藝術家、
03:54
storytellers, computer scientists
65
222626
2387
故事講述者、資訊科學家，
03:57
as they teamed up in constantly
changing configurations
changing configurations
66
225037
3963
他們常常就會和不同的人
搭配組成團隊，
搭配組成團隊，
04:01
to create amazing outcomes like "Frozen."
67
229024
3318
來創造出很了不起的作品，
像是《冰雪奇緣》。
像是《冰雪奇緣》。
04:04
They just work together,
and never the same group twice,
and never the same group twice,
68
232366
4439
他們只是一起工作，團隊變來變去，
不知道接下來會發生什麼事。
04:08
not knowing what's going to happen next.
69
236829
2322
04:11
Now, taking care of patients
in the emergency room
in the emergency room
70
239175
3491
在急診室照顧病人
04:14
and designing an animated film
71
242690
2438
和設計一部動畫電影
04:17
are obviously very different work.
72
245152
2288
很顯然是非常不同的工作。
04:19
Yet underneath the differences,
they have a lot in common.
they have a lot in common.
73
247464
3736
但在不同的背後，
它們卻有很多共同之處。
它們卻有很多共同之處。
04:23
You have to get different expertise
at different times,
at different times,
74
251224
3399
在不同的時候，你得要
取得不同的專門知識，
取得不同的專門知識，
04:26
you don't have fixed roles,
you don't have fixed deliverables,
you don't have fixed deliverables,
75
254647
3525
你扮演的角色不固定，
你要交付的產品也不固定，
你要交付的產品也不固定，
04:30
you're going to be doing a lot of things
that have never been done before,
that have never been done before,
76
258196
3538
你得要做很多以前沒做過的事，
04:33
and you can't do it in a stable team.
77
261758
2462
且你無法在穩定的團隊中做它。
04:36
Now, this way of working isn't easy,
78
264776
3587
這種工作方式並不容易，
04:40
but as I said, it's more and more
the way many of us have to work,
the way many of us have to work,
79
268387
3552
但我剛才說過，越來越多人
必須用這樣的方式工作，
必須用這樣的方式工作，
04:43
so we have to understand it.
80
271963
1397
所以我們得了解這種方式。
04:45
And I would argue
that it's especially needed
that it's especially needed
81
273384
3610
而且，我認為，
針對複雜且無法預測的工作，
針對複雜且無法預測的工作，
04:49
for work that's complex and unpredictable
82
277018
2106
以及要解決大問題的情況，
04:51
and for solving big problems.
83
279148
2001
了解這種方式更是有必要。
04:53
Paul Polman, the Unilever CEO,
put this really well
put this really well
84
281173
3799
保羅波曼，聯合利華的執行長，
就有段非常棒的描述，
就有段非常棒的描述，
04:56
when he said, "The issues we face today
are so big and so challenging,
are so big and so challenging,
85
284996
4124
他說：「我們現今面對的議題
太大了、太有挑戰性了，
太大了、太有挑戰性了，
05:01
it becomes quite clear
we can't do it alone,
we can't do it alone,
86
289144
2372
很顯然我們無法靠自己完成，
05:03
and so there is a certain humility
in knowing you have to invite people in."
in knowing you have to invite people in."
87
291540
3991
所以，知道你得要邀請別人
一起合作，這也是一種謙卑。」
一起合作，這也是一種謙卑。」
05:07
Issues like food or water scarcity
cannot be done by individuals,
cannot be done by individuals,
88
295943
6167
像是食物或水資源不足這類議題，
不可能由個人來解決，
不可能由個人來解決，
05:14
even by single companies,
89
302134
1598
甚至不可能由單一公司，
05:15
even by single sectors.
90
303756
1576
或單一部門來解決。
05:17
So we're reaching out
to team across big teaming,
to team across big teaming,
91
305356
5140
所以我們要向外尋求協助，
做大型的聯手，
做大型的聯手，
05:22
grand-scale teaming.
92
310520
1499
大規模的聯手。
05:24
Take the quest for smart cities.
93
312591
2213
比如打造智慧城市的計畫。
05:27
Maybe you've seen some of the rhetoric:
94
315342
2585
也許你曾經看過一些相關言論：
05:29
mixed-use designs,
zero net energy buildings,
zero net energy buildings,
95
317951
3574
採用混合用途的設計、零淨能建築、
05:33
smart mobility,
96
321549
2285
智慧行動力、
05:35
green, livable, wonderful cities.
97
323858
2495
綠色、適合居住、美好的城市。
05:39
We have the vocabulary,
we have the visions,
we have the visions,
98
327162
3193
我們有詞彙，我們有遠景，
05:42
not to mention the need.
99
330379
1889
更不用說，我們有需求。
05:44
We have the technology.
100
332292
1496
我們有技術。
05:45
Two megatrends --
101
333812
1487
兩項巨大潮流——
05:47
urbanization, we're fast
becoming a more urban planet,
becoming a more urban planet,
102
335323
2907
都市化，我們正在快速
變成一個更都市化的星球，
變成一個更都市化的星球，
05:50
and climate change --
103
338254
1300
還有氣候變遷——
05:51
have been increasingly pointing to cities
104
339578
2862
這兩項潮流越來越多清楚顯示，
城市是創新的關鍵目標。
05:54
as a crucial target for innovation.
105
342464
2254
05:57
And now around the world
in various locations,
in various locations,
106
345106
2270
現在，全世界各地，
05:59
people have been teaming up
107
347400
1988
人們團結起來，
06:01
to design and try to create
green, livable, smart cities.
green, livable, smart cities.
108
349412
4211
設計並試圖創造綠色、
適合居住、智慧的城市。
適合居住、智慧的城市。
06:06
It's a massive innovation challenge.
109
354154
2500
這是個很大的創新挑戰。
06:09
To understand it better,
110
357362
1696
為了更了解它，
06:11
I studied a start-up --
a smart-city software start-up --
a smart-city software start-up --
111
359082
5508
我研究了一間新創公司——
一間智慧城市的新創軟體公司——
一間智慧城市的新創軟體公司——
06:16
as it teamed up
with a real estate developer,
with a real estate developer,
112
364614
2654
它組隊的對象包括
一間不動產開發業者、
一間不動產開發業者、
06:19
some civil engineers,
113
367292
1979
一些土木工程師、
06:21
a mayor,
114
369295
1457
一位市長、
06:23
an architect, some builders,
some tech companies.
some tech companies.
115
371680
3859
一位建築師、一些建造商、
一些科技公司。
一些科技公司。
06:27
Their goal was to build
a demo smart city from scratch.
a demo smart city from scratch.
116
375563
4274
他們的目標是要從無到有，
建立一個示範智慧城市。
建立一個示範智慧城市。
06:32
OK. Five years into the project,
not a whole lot had happened.
not a whole lot had happened.
117
380475
4511
好。專案已經開始五年了，
沒有發生很多事。
沒有發生很多事。
06:37
Six years, still no ground broken.
118
385010
4349
六年了，仍然沒有破土動工。
06:41
It seemed that teaming
across industry boundaries
across industry boundaries
119
389383
3315
跨產業界線的聯手似乎
06:44
was really, really hard.
120
392722
2313
是非常非常困難的。
06:48
OK, so ...
121
396215
1212
好，所以……
06:50
We had inadvertently discovered
122
398362
3476
我們不經意地發現，
06:53
what I call "professional culture clash"
with this project.
with this project.
123
401862
3504
這個專案中有著我所謂的
「專業文化碰撞」。
「專業文化碰撞」。
06:57
You know, software engineers
and real estate developers
and real estate developers
124
405390
4059
你們知道的，軟體工程師
和不動產開發商
和不動產開發商
07:01
think differently --
125
409473
1593
思考方式不同——
07:03
really differently:
126
411090
1758
非常不同：
07:04
different values, different time frames --
time frames is a big one --
time frames is a big one --
127
412872
4341
不同的價值觀、不同的時間表——
時間表是個大問題——
時間表是個大問題——
07:09
and different jargon, different language.
128
417237
3157
還有不同的行話、不同的語言。
07:12
And so they don't always see eye to eye.
129
420418
2667
所以他們不見得
總是能有一致看法。
總是能有一致看法。
07:15
I think this is a bigger problem
than most of us realize.
than most of us realize.
130
423109
3995
我想，這個問題比我們大部分人
所意識到的還要嚴重些。
所意識到的還要嚴重些。
07:19
In fact, I think
professional culture clash
professional culture clash
131
427128
4604
事實上，我認為，職業文化碰撞
07:23
is a major barrier to building
the future that we aspire to build.
the future that we aspire to build.
132
431756
4500
是個重大的阻礙，讓我們
無法建立我們嚮往的未來。
無法建立我們嚮往的未來。
07:28
And so it becomes a problem
that we have to understand,
that we have to understand,
133
436280
2781
所以，它變成了
我們需要去了解的問題，
我們需要去了解的問題，
07:31
a problem that we have
to figure out how to crack.
to figure out how to crack.
134
439085
3932
我們得要針對這個問題
想出解決辦法。
想出解決辦法。
07:35
So how do you make sure teaming goes well,
especially big teaming?
especially big teaming?
135
443041
4047
所以，你要如何確保聯手
能夠順利？特別是大型的聯手？
能夠順利？特別是大型的聯手？
07:39
This is the question I've been trying
to solve for a number of years
to solve for a number of years
136
447819
3274
數年來我一直試圖
在不同的工作場所
在不同的工作場所
07:43
in many different workplaces
137
451117
1455
解決這個問題，
07:44
with my research.
138
452596
1281
應用我的研究。
07:46
Now, to begin to get just a glimpse
of the answer to this question,
of the answer to this question,
139
454266
4180
現在，為了要讓大家
能一瞥這個問題的答案，
能一瞥這個問題的答案，
07:50
let's go back to Chile.
140
458470
1312
咱們先回到智利。
07:52
In Chile, we witnessed 10 weeks of teaming
141
460403
5066
在智利，我們目睹了數百人
07:57
by hundreds of individuals
142
465493
2161
聯手合作十週，
07:59
from different professions,
different companies,
different companies,
143
467678
2558
他們有不同的職業，
來自不同的公司，
來自不同的公司，
08:02
different sectors, even different nations.
144
470260
2461
不同的部門，甚至不同的國家。
08:04
And as this process unfolded,
145
472745
3383
隨著這個過程進展下去，
08:08
they had lots of ideas,
they tried many things,
they tried many things,
146
476152
4610
他們有許多的點子，
他們做了許多嘗試，
他們做了許多嘗試，
08:12
they experimented, they failed,
147
480786
2250
他們試驗，他們失敗，
08:15
they experienced
devastating daily failure,
devastating daily failure,
148
483060
3498
他們每天都要經歷
讓人身心交瘁的失敗，
讓人身心交瘁的失敗，
08:18
but they picked up, persevered,
149
486582
1723
但他們振作起來，不屈不撓，
08:20
and went on forward.
150
488329
2084
繼續向前走。
08:22
And really, what we witnessed there
151
490437
4629
其實，我們在那裡所看見的，
08:27
was they were able to be humble
152
495090
2634
是他們能夠做到謙遜地
08:29
in the face of the very
real challenge ahead,
real challenge ahead,
153
497748
3313
面對眼前的挑戰，
08:33
curious -- all of these
diverse individuals,
diverse individuals,
154
501085
2275
好奇——所有這些多元化的人，
08:35
diverse expertise especially,
nationality as well,
nationality as well,
155
503384
2704
在專門知識與國籍上特別多樣化，
08:38
were quite curious about
what each other brings.
what each other brings.
156
506112
2369
他們相當好奇彼此能夠帶來什麼。
08:40
And they were willing to take risks
to learn fast what might work.
to learn fast what might work.
157
508505
4451
他們願意冒險做快速的學習，
以了解什麼行得通。
以了解什麼行得通。
08:44
And ultimately, 17 days
into this remarkable story,
into this remarkable story,
158
512980
5226
最終，這個了不起的故事
進行到第 17 天時，
進行到第 17 天時，
08:50
ideas came from everywhere.
159
518230
1741
點子開始從各方湧現。
08:51
They came from André Sougarret,
who is a brilliant mining engineer
who is a brilliant mining engineer
160
519995
3478
點子來自安德烈蘇格瑞特，
他是個出色的採礦工程師，
他是個出色的採礦工程師，
08:55
who was appointed by the government
to lead the rescue.
to lead the rescue.
161
523497
2708
他被政府指定來領導救援任務。
08:58
They came from NASA.
162
526229
1642
點子來自美國太空總署，
08:59
They came from Chilean Special Forces.
163
527895
2572
點子來自智利的特種部隊，
09:03
They came from volunteers
around the world.
around the world.
164
531070
2261
點子來自全世界的志工。
09:05
And while many of us,
including myself, watched from afar,
including myself, watched from afar,
165
533355
4291
當我們許多人，
包括我自己，從遠處看著
包括我自己，從遠處看著
09:10
these folks made slow,
painful progress through the rock.
painful progress through the rock.
166
538273
4069
這些人很緩慢、
艱苦地試圖穿過岩石。
艱苦地試圖穿過岩石。
09:14
On the 17th day, they
broke through to the refuge.
broke through to the refuge.
167
542366
4004
在第 17 天，
他們突破到了庇護所。
他們突破到了庇護所。
09:18
It's just a remarkable moment.
168
546394
1952
那是個了不起的時刻。
09:20
And with just a very small incision,
they were able to find it
they were able to find it
169
548905
4543
靠著一個非常小的切口，
他們得以透過許多
他們得以透過許多
09:25
through a bunch
of experimental techniques.
of experimental techniques.
170
553472
2195
實驗性的技術來找到庇護所。
09:27
And then for the next 53 days,
171
555691
2469
在接下來的 53 天，
09:30
that narrow lifeline would be the path
172
558184
4154
這狹窄的生命線，就成了食物、
09:34
where food and medicine
and communication would travel,
and communication would travel,
173
562362
3994
藥品，和溝通的通路，
09:38
while aboveground, for 53 more days,
they continued the teaming
they continued the teaming
174
566380
4066
在地面上，他們持續
聯手合作了 53 天，
聯手合作了 53 天，
09:42
to find a way to create a much larger hole
175
570470
3825
來想出方法，
創造出一個更大的洞，
創造出一個更大的洞，
09:46
and also to design a capsule.
176
574319
3436
同時設計一個膠囊。
09:49
This is the capsule.
177
577779
1189
這就是那個膠囊。
09:50
And then on the 69th day,
178
578992
2241
接著，在第 69 天，
09:53
over 22 painstaking hours,
179
581257
2785
辛苦了 22 個小時，
09:56
they managed to pull
the miners out one by one.
the miners out one by one.
180
584066
3186
他們成功把礦工一個一個救出來。
09:59
So how did they overcome
professional culture clash?
professional culture clash?
181
587276
3075
他們是如何克服職業文化碰撞的？
10:02
I would say in a word, it's leadership,
but let me be more specific.
but let me be more specific.
182
590375
4403
我可以用一個詞說明，就是
「領導力」，但讓我說清楚些。
「領導力」，但讓我說清楚些。
10:06
When teaming works,
183
594802
1921
在成功的聯手合作中，
10:08
you can be sure that some leaders,
184
596747
2833
你可以很確定，一些領導人，
10:11
leaders at all levels,
185
599604
1395
各層級的領導人，
10:13
have been crystal clear
that they don't have the answers.
that they don't have the answers.
186
601023
3281
一直都很清楚知道
他們並沒有答案。
他們並沒有答案。
10:16
Let's call this "situational humility."
187
604328
2337
咱們就稱之為「情境式謙遜」。
10:18
It's appropriate humility.
188
606689
1299
它是種適當的謙遜。
10:20
We don't know how to do it.
189
608012
1593
我們不知道要怎麼做。
10:21
You can be sure, as I said before,
people were very curious,
people were very curious,
190
609629
3199
我之前提到的，
可以肯定大家很好奇，
可以肯定大家很好奇，
10:24
and this situational humility
191
612852
2078
這種情境式謙遜
10:26
combined with curiosity
192
614954
2161
和好奇心結合，
10:29
creates a sense of psychological safety
193
617139
2566
就會創造出一種心理安全感，
10:31
that allows you take risks with strangers,
194
619729
2019
讓你能和陌生人一起冒險，
10:33
because let's face it:
it's hard to speak up, right?
it's hard to speak up, right?
195
621772
3667
因為，咱們面對現實吧，
要說出來挺難的，對吧？
要說出來挺難的，對吧？
10:37
It's hard to ask for help.
196
625463
1299
要向人求助很困難。
10:38
It's hard to offer an idea
that might be a stupid idea
that might be a stupid idea
197
626786
3490
要提出一個可能
很蠢的點子也很困難，
很蠢的點子也很困難，
10:42
if you don't know people very well.
198
630300
1716
如果你跟其他人不熟的話。
10:44
You need psychological safety to do that.
199
632040
2827
所以你需要心理的安全感才能做到。
10:47
They overcame what I like to call
the basic human challenge:
the basic human challenge:
200
635613
4654
他們克服了我所謂的
基本人類挑戰：
基本人類挑戰：
10:52
it's hard to learn if you already know.
201
640291
3046
如果你已經知道了，就很難學習。
10:55
And unfortunately, we're hardwired
to think we know.
to think we know.
202
643361
3424
不幸的是，我們天生
就覺得我們知道。
就覺得我們知道。
10:58
And so we've got to remind ourselves --
and we can do it --
and we can do it --
203
646809
3294
所以我們得要提醒自己——
且我們能做到——
且我們能做到——
11:02
to be curious;
204
650127
1190
要有好奇心；
11:03
to be curious about what others bring.
205
651341
2198
好奇其他人能帶來什麼。
11:05
And that curiosity can also spawn
a kind of generosity of interpretation.
a kind of generosity of interpretation.
206
653563
5643
那種好奇心也能夠產生
一種在詮釋上的寬宏大量。
一種在詮釋上的寬宏大量。
11:11
But there's another barrier,
and you all know it.
and you all know it.
207
659830
3074
但還有另一個阻礙，
是你們都知道的。
是你們都知道的。
11:14
You wouldn't be in this room
if you didn't know it.
if you didn't know it.
208
662928
2398
如果你不知道，
你就不會在這間房間裡。
你就不會在這間房間裡。
11:17
And to explain it, I'm going to quote
from the movie "The Paper Chase."
from the movie "The Paper Chase."
209
665350
3435
為了解釋它，我要引述
《寒窗戀》這部電影。
《寒窗戀》這部電影。
11:20
This, by the way, is what Hollywood thinks
210
668809
2017
順道一提，這是好萊塢認為
11:22
a Harvard professor
is supposed to look like.
is supposed to look like.
211
670850
2116
哈佛教授應該就是這個樣子。
11:24
You be the judge.
212
672990
1258
你們自己判斷。
11:26
The professor in this famous scene,
213
674272
2010
在這段知名的橋段中，這位教授
11:28
he's welcoming the new 1L class,
214
676306
3062
在歡迎一個 1L 的班級，
11:31
and he says, "Look to your left.
Look to your right.
Look to your right.
215
679392
2469
他說：「看看你的左邊，
看看你的右邊。
看看你的右邊。
你們其中一個人明年不會在這裡。」
11:33
one of you won't be here next year."
216
681885
1722
11:35
What message did they hear?
"It's me or you."
"It's me or you."
217
683631
2891
他們聽到了什麼訊息？
「不是你，就是我。」
「不是你，就是我。」
11:39
For me to succeed, you must fail.
218
687300
2059
若我要成功，你就得失敗。
11:41
Now, I don't think too many organizations
welcome newcomers that way anymore,
welcome newcomers that way anymore,
219
689383
4509
我不認為還有很多組織
會用那種方式來歡迎新人，
會用那種方式來歡迎新人，
11:45
but still, many times people arrive
with that message of scarcity anyway.
with that message of scarcity anyway.
220
693916
5011
但人們常常還會帶著這種
一山不容二虎的訊息到來。
一山不容二虎的訊息到來。
11:50
It's me or you.
221
698951
1397
不是我，就是你。
11:52
It's awfully hard to team if you
inadvertently see others as competitors.
inadvertently see others as competitors.
222
700372
4576
如果你在不經意中就把其他人
視為競爭者，要聯手就會很困難。
視為競爭者，要聯手就會很困難。
11:56
So we have to overcome that one as well,
223
704972
2323
所以我們也得要克服那一點，
11:59
and when we do,
the results can be awesome.
the results can be awesome.
224
707319
3642
當我們克服了，結果就會很棒。
12:03
Abraham Lincoln said once,
225
711450
1944
林肯有一次這麼說：
12:05
"I don't like that man very much.
I must get to know him better."
I must get to know him better."
226
713418
3585
「我不太喜歡那個人，
我得要再多了解他一點。」
我得要再多了解他一點。」
12:09
Think about that --
227
717827
1151
想想看——
12:11
I don't like him, that means
I don't know him well enough.
I don't know him well enough.
228
719002
2742
我不喜歡他，
那就表示我不夠了解他。
那就表示我不夠了解他。
12:13
It's extraordinary.
229
721768
1151
那很不簡單。
12:14
This is the mindset, I have to say,
230
722943
1673
我得要說，就是這種心態，
12:16
this is the mindset you need
for effective teaming.
for effective teaming.
231
724640
3397
要有這種心態，
才能有效地聯手合作。
才能有效地聯手合作。
12:21
In our silos, we can get things done.
232
729285
2541
在我們的穀倉中（指穀倉效應），
我們能把事情搞定。
我們能把事情搞定。
12:23
But when we step back
and reach out and reach across,
and reach out and reach across,
233
731850
3385
但當我們退一步，
向外求助，跨出界線，
向外求助，跨出界線，
12:27
miracles can happen.
234
735259
2043
奇蹟就有可能會發生。
12:29
Miners can be rescued,
235
737326
1831
礦工可能會被救出來，
12:31
patients can be saved,
236
739181
1443
病人可能會得救，
12:32
beautiful films can be created.
237
740648
2917
美麗的電影也可能會被創作出來。
12:36
To get there, I think there's
no better advice than this:
no better advice than this:
238
744065
2721
要做到這些，我想，
最好的忠告就是：
最好的忠告就是：
12:38
look to your left, look to your right.
239
746810
2227
看看你的左邊，看看你的右邊。
12:41
How quickly can you find
the unique talents, skills
the unique talents, skills
240
749061
5950
你能多快地在你的鄰居身上
找到獨特的才華、技能，
找到獨特的才華、技能，
12:47
and hopes of your neighbor,
241
755035
1451
和希望，
12:48
and how quickly, in turn,
can you convey what you bring?
can you convey what you bring?
242
756510
3469
還有，你能多快地傳達出
你能帶給他們什麼？
你能帶給他們什麼？
12:52
Because for us to team up
to build the future we know we can create
to build the future we know we can create
243
760003
4333
因為，對我們來說，
若要聯手建立一個
若要聯手建立一個
我們知道可行的，
但不能只靠一己之力
來創造的未來，
來創造的未來，
12:56
that none of us can do alone,
244
764360
1509
12:57
that's the mindset we need.
245
765893
1582
我們就需要那種心態。
12:59
Thank you.
246
767831
1291
謝謝。
13:01
(Applause)
247
769146
3749
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amy Edmondson - Leadership expertAmy Edmondson, the Novartis Professor of Leadership and Management at the Harvard Business School, studies people and teams seeking to make a positive difference through the work they do.
Why you should listen
Amy Edmondson's work sheds light on the related questions of why teamwork is so critically important in today’s organizations and why it is so challenging.
Long ago, approaching graduation from college, Edmondson took a leap of faith to write an advice-seeking letter to a personal hero. To her surprise, Buckminster Fuller wrote back -- and that set events in motion that would shape her life and work. Fuller's letter arrived, barely a week later, with far more than advice. The iconoclastic inventor, architect and futurist offered her a job. Spending the next three years as Fuller's "chief engineer" working on new geodesic projects, Edmondson developed an intense and enduring interest in big thinking, innovation, and the built environment. Fuller was a visionary, whose ideas about the built environment outpaced reality by decades. His remarkable legacy, however, did not answer the question of how visionaries can make practical progress in the world. Today, one answer to that question is found in teaming – in recognizing its power and its challenges.
Edmondson has been named one of the top management thinkers in the world by Thinkers50 since 2011. Her other awards include the 2004 Accenture Award for significant contribution to improving the practice of management, the Academy of Management’s 2006 Cummings Award for mid-career achievement and the 2017 Thinkers50 Talent Award. Edmondson received her PhD in organizational behavior, AM in psychology and AB in engineering and design, all from Harvard University. She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts with her husband, George Daley, and their two sons.
(Photo: Brian Smale Photography)
Amy Edmondson | Speaker | TED.com