ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kees Moeliker - Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh.

Why you should listen

In Kees Moeliker's career (he's now curator of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam) he's rediscovered long-lost birds, such as the black-chinned monarch (Monarcha boanensis) on the remote Moluccan island of Boano in 1991. On the tiny West Papuan island of Boo he collected and named a new subspecies of fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus booensis).

Aaaaand he's the guy who observed and published the first scientifically documented case of homosexual necrophilia in ducks. For this, he was awarded the 2003 Ig Nobel biology prize, and that much-coveted award led him to appreciate that curiosity and humour can be powerful tools for scientists and science communicators.

Moeliker later used these tools to tell the world about two other notorious, complicated subjects: the brutally murdered ‘Domino’ sparrow and the feared disappearance of the once-ubiquitous pubic louse. He has pioneered unusual ways to engage international audience — to make people think about remarkable animal behaviour, biodiversity and habitat destruction.

His writings include two books, in Dutch: 'De eendenman' (The Duck Guy, 2009) and 'De bilnaad van de teek' (The Butt Crack of the Tick, 2012).

Each year, on June 5, he organizes Dead Duck Day, an event that commemorates the first known case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck. The event also raises awareness for the tremendous number of bird deaths caused, worldwide, by glass buildings.

More profile about the speaker
Kees Moeliker | Speaker | TED.com
TED2013

Kees Moeliker: How a dead duck changed my life

基斯‧慕萊克: 一隻死鴨子如何改變我的一生

Filmed:
1,419,897 views

某天下午: 基斯‧慕萊克得到了少數鳥類學家會有興趣的研究機會 : 一個飛行的鴨子撞到他的玻璃辦公室後死去了,接下來.....發生了甚麼事而改變了他的一生呢? [註記 : 內容包含動物性行為的圖片和描述]
- Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
This is the Natural自然 History歷史 Museum博物館 in Rotterdam鹿特丹,
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這是在鹿特丹(荷蘭)的自然歷史博物館
00:15
where I work as a curator館長.
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我在這裡擔任館長
00:18
It's my job工作 to make sure the collection採集 stays入住 okay,
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我的職責是確保館藏的狀況維持良好
00:21
and that it grows成長,
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同時要讓數量成長
00:23
and basically基本上 it means手段 I collect蒐集 dead animals動物.
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也就是說,我蒐集死掉的動物
00:28
Back in 1995,
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回到1995年
00:30
we got a new wing翅膀 next下一個 to the museum博物館.
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我們博物館的旁邊多了一個新的別館
00:35
It was made製作 of glass玻璃,
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它是由玻璃建構而成
00:37
and this building建造 really helped幫助 me to do my job工作 good.
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這棟建築對我的工作有很大的幫助
00:43
The building建造 was a true真正 bird-killer鳥殺手.
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這棟建築是一個鳥類殺手
00:47
You may可能 know that birds鳥類 don't understand理解
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你們應該知道鳥對於玻璃
00:49
the concept概念 of glass玻璃. They don't see it,
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是沒有甚麼概念的,他們看不到它
00:52
so they fly into the windows視窗 and get killed殺害.
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所以他們飛行時撞到玻璃後就死了
00:56
The only thing I had to do was go out,
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我所要做的,只是走出去
00:58
pick them up, and have them stuffed填充的 for the collection採集.
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然後把它們撿起來,
再把填充物加進去,
就變成我的收藏品了
01:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:05
And in those days,
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在那些日子,
01:07
I developed發達 an ear to identify鑑定 birds鳥類
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我開始能夠從我的耳朵分辨是甚麼鳥類
01:11
just by the sound聲音 of the bangs前劉海 they made製作 against反對 the glass玻璃.
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從它們撞上玻璃所發出的聲音就可以知道了
01:16
And it was on June六月 5, 1995,
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那是在1995年6月5日
01:20
that I heard聽說 a loud bang against反對 the glass玻璃
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玻璃傳來了一聲巨響
01:24
that changed my life and ended結束 that of a duck.
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這改變了我的一生
同時也終結了一隻鴨子的生命
01:29
And this is what I saw when I looked看著 out of the window窗口.
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這是當時我從窗外看出去時的景象
01:34
This is the dead duck. It flew against反對 the window窗口.
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這是一隻死鴨子,牠在飛行的時候撞上了玻璃
01:38
It's laying鋪設 dead on its belly肚皮.
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牠腹部朝下的死在地上
01:39
But next下一個 to the dead duck is a live生活 duck,
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但在死鴨子旁邊的是一隻活著的鴨子
01:43
and please pay工資 attention注意.
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請注意
01:45
Both are of the male sex性別.
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這兩隻都是雄性
01:50
And then this happened發生.
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然後發生了一件事
01:53
The live生活 duck mounted安裝 the dead duck,
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活鴨子爬到死鴨子的身上
01:55
and started開始 to copulate.
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並開始交媾
01:58
Well, I'm a biologist生物學家. I'm an ornithologist鳥類學家.
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我是一個生物學家,我也是一個鳥類學家
02:01
I said, "Something's出了點 wrong錯誤 here."
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我說 " 這其中一定有甚麼問題 "
02:03
One is dead, one is alive. That must必須 be necrophilia姦屍.
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一隻已死去,一隻還活著。 這一定就是姦屍了
02:09
I look. Both are of the male sex性別.
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我看了一看,兩隻都是公的
02:12
Homosexual同性 necrophilia姦屍.
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同性戀姦屍
02:17
So I -- (Laughter笑聲)
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所以我 -- (笑聲)
02:22
I took my camera相機, I took my notebook筆記本,
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我拿起我的相機,我拿起我的筆記型電腦
02:25
took a chair椅子, and started開始 to observe this behavior行為.
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拿了張椅子,然後開始觀察這個現象
02:30
After 75 minutes分鐘 — (Laughter笑聲) —
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75分鐘後 (笑聲)
02:36
I had seen看到 enough足夠, and I got hungry飢餓,
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我覺得我看夠了,肚子同時也餓了
02:41
and I wanted to go home.
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然後我就有點想回家
02:43
So I went out, collected the duck,
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所以我走了出去,把鴨子拿起來
02:47
and before I put it in the freezer冰箱,
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在我把牠放到冰箱之前
02:49
I checked檢查 if the victim受害者 was indeed確實 of the male sex性別.
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我確認了這個受害者確實是隻公的鴨子
02:54
And here's這裡的 a rare罕見 picture圖片 of a duck's penis陰莖,
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這是一張很稀有的鴨子陰莖的照片
02:57
so it was indeed確實 of the male sex性別.
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所以牠真的是隻公鴨子
03:00
It's a rare罕見 picture圖片 because there are 10,000 species種類 of birds鳥類
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這照片很少見是因為世界上有10,000種的鳥類
03:04
and only 300 possess具有 a penis陰莖.
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但只有三百種擁有陰莖
03:08
[The first case案件 of homosexual同性 necrophilia姦屍 in the mallard Anas阿納斯 platyrhynchos綠頭鴨 (Aves鳥類:Anatidae鴨科)]
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[ 鴨屬綠頭鴨 Anas platyrhynchos(學名) 同性戀姦屍的首例 ]
03:11
I knew知道 I'd seen看到 something special特別,
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我知道我看到了很特殊的事件
03:15
but it took me six years年份 to decide決定 to publish發布 it.
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但它花了我六年的時間決定是否要發表它
03:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
03:23
I mean, it's a nice不錯 topic話題 for a birthday生日 party派對
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我的意思是,這是在生日派對上很好的一個話題
03:26
or at the coffee咖啡 machine,
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或是在咖啡機旁邊
03:28
but to share分享 this among其中 your peers同行 is something different不同.
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但是要對你們這樣的知識分子
分享這項發現,是不太一樣的
03:31
I didn't have the framework骨架.
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我的主題沒有一個框架
03:33
So after six years年份, my friends朋友 and colleagues同事 urged敦促 me to publish發布,
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所以六年後,我的朋友和同事都鼓勵我發表它
03:36
so I published發表 "The first case案件 of homosexual同性 necrophilia姦屍
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所以我就發表了 "鴨屬綠頭鴨
03:40
in the mallard."
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同性戀姦屍的首例 "
03:41
And here's這裡的 the situation情況 again.
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這是事發當時的場景
03:44
A is my office辦公室,
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A是我的辦公室
03:46
B is the place地點 where the duck hit擊中 the glass玻璃,
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B是鴨子撞到玻璃的地方
03:49
and C is from where I watched看著 it.
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C是我觀察的地方
03:52
And here are the ducks鴨子 again.
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再來看看鴨子們吧
03:55
As you probably大概 know, in science科學,
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你可能知道,在科學領域中
03:57
when you write a kind of special特別 paper,
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當你寫了那種很特殊的論文時
03:59
only six or seven people read it.
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只有六或七個人會去讀它
04:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:08
But then something good happened發生.
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但一些好事發生了
04:11
I got a phone電話 call from a person called Marc渣子 Abrahams亞伯拉罕,
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一個叫 馬克‧亞伯拉罕 的人打了電話給我
04:15
and he told me, "You've won韓元 a prize with your duck paper:
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他告訴我 " 你的鴨子論文為你贏得了一座獎
04:20
the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel諾貝爾 Prize."
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那就是 搞笑諾貝爾獎 "
04:24
And the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel諾貝爾 Prize
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而搞笑諾貝爾獎
04:26
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲) —
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(笑聲+掌聲)
04:30
the Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel諾貝爾 Prize honors榮譽 research研究
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搞笑諾貝爾獎將榮譽頒給
04:32
that first makes品牌 people laugh, and then makes品牌 them think,
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那些帶給人們歡笑的研究,
這些研究會讓人們去思考
04:35
with the ultimate最終 goal目標 to make more people
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此研究的最終目標是讓更多的人
04:38
interested有興趣 in science科學.
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對科學產生興趣
04:41
That's a good thing, so I accepted公認 the prize.
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這是一件好事,所以我接受了這座獎項
04:45
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
04:48
I went -- let me remind提醒 you that Marc渣子 Abrahams亞伯拉罕
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我去 ...讓我提醒你們一下,馬克‧亞伯拉罕
04:52
didn't call me from Stockholm斯德哥爾摩.
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不是從瑞典的斯德哥爾摩打給我的
04:53
He called me from Cambridge劍橋, Massachusetts馬薩諸塞.
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他是從馬薩諸塞州劍橋市打給我的
04:56
So I traveled旅行 to Boston波士頓, to Cambridge劍橋,
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所以我就前往波士頓,到了劍橋市
04:59
and I went to this wonderful精彩 Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel諾貝爾 Prize ceremony儀式
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然後我參加了美妙的搞笑諾貝爾獎典禮
05:02
held保持 at Harvard哈佛 University大學, and this ceremony儀式
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它在哈佛大學裡面舉辦,而這個典禮
05:04
is a very nice不錯 experience經驗.
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給我一個很好的經驗
05:10
Real真實 Nobel諾貝爾 laureates獲獎者 hand you the prize.
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你會從真的諾貝爾得獎者手中接過獎盃
05:13
That's the first thing.
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這是第一件事
05:14
And there are nine other winners獲獎者 who get prizes獎品.
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然後,這裡有其他九位也獲獎的人
05:17
Here's這裡的 one of my fellow同伴 winners獲獎者. That's Charles查爾斯 Paxton帕克斯頓
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這是其中一位獲獎的同伴。這是 查爾斯·帕克斯頓
05:21
who won韓元 the 2000 biology生物學 prize for his paper,
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他的論文讓他獲得了2000年的生物學獎
05:26
"Courtship求愛 behavior行為 of ostriches鴕鳥 towards humans人類
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"鴕鳥在英國的耕作條件下
05:30
under farming農業 conditions條件 in Britain英國."
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對人類的求偶行為"
05:32
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
05:36
And I think there are one or two more
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我想在這裡有一或兩位以上的
05:40
Ig免疫球蛋白 Nobel諾貝爾 Prize winners獲獎者 in this room房間.
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搞笑諾貝爾獎得主在這房間
05:43
Dan, where are you? Dan Ariely艾瑞裡?
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丹,你在哪裡? 丹·阿雷利?
05:46
Applause掌聲 for Dan.
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給丹一點掌聲吧
05:48
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
05:51
Dan won韓元 his prize in medicine醫學
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丹在醫藥領域得到了他的獎項
05:55
for demonstrating示範 that high-priced高價位的 fake medicine醫學
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因為他展示了,高價位的假藥
05:59
works作品 better than low-priced fake medicine醫學.
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比低價位的假藥來的有效
06:02
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:07
So here's這裡的 my one minute分鐘 of fame名譽,
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這是我榮耀的一刻
06:09
my acceptance驗收 speech言語,
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我的得獎感言
06:14
and here's這裡的 the duck.
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這就是那頭鴨子
06:16
This is its first time on the U.S. West西 Coast.
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這是我第一次在美國西岸
06:21
I'm going to pass通過 it around.
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將這個東西讓大家傳閱
06:24
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:29
Yeah?
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是的
06:30
You can pass通過 it around.
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你們可以到處傳閱
06:32
Please note注意 it's a museum博物館 specimen標本,
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請注意他是博物館的樣本
06:34
but there's no chance機會 you'll你會 get the avian禽流感 flu流感.
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你們不會因為他得到禽流感
06:39
After winning勝利 this prize, my life changed.
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在贏得這座獎項之後,我的人生因此改變
06:43
In the first place地點, people started開始 to send發送 me
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首先,人們開始
06:46
all kinds of duck-related鴨相關 things,
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將各式各樣有關鴨的東西寄給我
06:49
and I got a real真實 nice不錯 collection採集.
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我因此得到一個很不錯的收藏品
06:52
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:55
More importantly重要的,
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更重要的是
07:01
people started開始 to send發送 me their observations意見
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人們開始把他們觀察到的
07:05
of remarkable卓越 animal動物 behavior行為,
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不尋常的動物行為寄給我
07:08
and believe me, if there's an animal動物 misbehaving行為不端 on this planet行星,
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相信我,在這個星球上,如果
有一隻動物有不正常的行為
07:11
I know about it.
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我一定會知道的
07:13
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:17
This is a moose駝鹿.
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這是一隻麋鹿
07:22
It's a moose駝鹿 trying to copulate
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一隻麋鹿試著和
07:23
with a bronze青銅 statue雕像 of a bison野牛.
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銅製野牛像交媾
07:27
This is in Montana蒙大拿, 2008.
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這是在蒙大拿州,2008年
07:31
This is a frog青蛙 that tries嘗試 to copulate with a goldfish金魚.
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這是一個青蛙試著和一隻金魚交媾
07:35
This is the Netherlands荷蘭, 2011.
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這是在荷蘭,2011年
07:38
These are cane甘蔗 toads蟾蜍 in Australia澳大利亞.
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這些是在澳洲的海蟾蜍
07:42
This is roadkill團隊:Roadkill.
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橫死街頭
07:43
Please note注意 that this is necrophilia姦屍.
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請註明,這也是姦屍案
07:47
It's remarkable卓越: the position位置.
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這很不簡單,看看牠們的姿勢
07:48
The missionary傳教士 position位置 is very rare罕見 in the animal動物 kingdom王國.
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傳教士體位在動物王國是非常罕見的
07:53
These are pigeons鴿子 in Rotterdam鹿特丹.
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這些是在鹿特丹的鴿子
07:59
Barn穀倉 swallows燕子 in Hong香港 Kong, 2004.
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在香港的家燕,2004年
08:03
This is a turkey火雞 in Wisconsin威斯康星
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這是在威斯康辛州的火雞
08:07
on the premises房地 of the Ethan阮經天 Allen艾倫 juvenile少年 correctional懲教 institution機構.
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位於伊森‧艾倫少年管束院的校舍
08:13
It took all day,
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牠們花了一整天的時間
08:15
and the prisoners囚犯 had a great time.
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在那裏的犯人過了一段美好的時間
08:20
So what does this mean?
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所以,這些代表甚麼意思?
08:22
I mean, the question I ask myself,
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我的意思是,我問我自己
08:25
why does this happen發生 in nature性質?
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大自然中為什麼會發生這種事
08:27
Well, what I concluded總結
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我不斷地複習這些案例
08:29
from reviewing回顧 all these cases
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而得到的結論是
08:31
is that it is important重要 that this happens發生
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這些事情發生的關鍵點
08:35
only when death死亡 is instant瞬間
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在於死亡發生得很突然
08:39
and in a dramatic戲劇性 way
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而且是很戲劇化的
08:42
and in the right position位置 for copulation交配.
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同時它們的姿勢要剛好適合交媾
08:45
At least最小, I thought it was till直到 I got these slides幻燈片.
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至少,我當初是這麼推論的,
直到我拿到這些幻燈片
08:50
And here you see a dead duck.
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你可以看到一隻死掉的鴨子
08:53
It's been there for three days,
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它在那邊已經三天了
08:55
and it's laying鋪設 on its back.
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並且是背靠地上的躺著
08:57
So there goes my theory理論 of necrophilia姦屍.
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我的姦屍理論就這樣被推翻了
09:03
Another另一個 example of the impact碰撞
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另一個衝撞玻璃
09:05
of glass玻璃 buildings房屋 on the life of birds鳥類.
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導致死亡的鳥類案例
09:07
This is Mad Max馬克斯, a blackbird黑鳥 who lives生活 in Rotterdam鹿特丹.
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這是瘋狂麥克斯,一個生活在鹿特丹的黑鳥
09:10
The only thing this bird did was fly against反對 this window窗口
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這些鳥唯一做的事就是往玻璃衝撞
09:16
from 2004 to 2008, day in and day out.
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從2004到2008年,日復一日
09:21
Here he goes, and here's這裡的 a short video視頻.
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牠要開始了,這裡是一個短片
09:24
(Music音樂) (Clunk悶響)
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(音樂) (碰)
09:32
(Clunk悶響)
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(碰)
09:46
(Clunk悶響)
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(碰)
09:56
(Clunk悶響)
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(碰)
09:59
So what this bird does
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這個鳥正在做的
10:01
is fight鬥爭 his own擁有 image圖片.
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是和牠自己玻璃中的反射打鬥
10:05
He sees看到 an intruder侵入者 in his territory領土,
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牠看到的是在牠領土中的入侵者
10:07
and it's coming未來 all the time and he's there,
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而且牠不斷地出現也不離開
10:10
so there is no end結束 to it.
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所以這沒有結束的一天
10:12
And I thought, in the beginning開始 -- I studied研究 this bird for a couple一對 of years年份 --
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然後我當初一開始在想....
我研究這種鳥有幾年的時間
10:15
that, well, shouldn't不能 the brain of this bird be damaged破損?
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這樣子,鳥的腦子不會因此受傷嗎?
10:18
It's not. I show顯示 you here some slides幻燈片,
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牠不會,我秀給你們看一些幻燈片
10:21
some frames from the video視頻,
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這是影片中的鳥撞上玻璃前
10:23
and at the last moment時刻 before he hits點擊 the glass玻璃,
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那一刻的影格
10:27
he puts看跌期權 his feet in front面前,
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牠把腳伸到了前方
10:29
and then he bangs前劉海 against反對 the glass玻璃.
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然後就砰的一聲撞上了玻璃
10:34
So I'll conclude得出結論 to invite邀請 you all to Dead Duck Day.
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所以,最後,我要邀請你們到死鴨日
10:38
That's on June六月 5 every一切 year.
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那是每一年的六月五號
10:41
At five minutes分鐘 to six in the afternoon下午,
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下午六點五分
10:44
we come together一起 at the Natural自然 History歷史 Museum博物館 in Rotterdam鹿特丹,
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我們一起來到了鹿特丹的自然歷史博物館
10:48
the duck comes out of the museum博物館,
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將鴨子從博物館拿出來
10:51
and we try to discuss討論 new ways方法
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我們來討論新的方式
10:53
to prevent避免 birds鳥類 from colliding碰撞 with windows視窗.
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以避免鳥類去衝撞玻璃
10:57
And as you know, or as you may可能 not know,
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如你所知,或者你們可能不知道
10:59
this is one of the major重大的 causes原因 of death死亡
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這是世界上
11:02
for birds鳥類 in the world世界.
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鳥類的主要死因
11:04
In the U.S. alone單獨, a billion十億 birds鳥類 die
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單單在美國,有十億隻鳥類
11:06
in collision碰撞 with glass玻璃 buildings房屋.
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因為衝撞玻璃建築而死
11:10
And when it's over, we go to a Chinese中文 restaurant餐廳
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當事情發生後,我們去中國餐館
11:16
and we have a six-course六道菜 duck dinner晚餐.
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來道一鴨六吃的晚餐
11:20
So I hope希望 to see you
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所以我希望
11:23
next下一個 year in Rotterdam鹿特丹, the Netherlands荷蘭,
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明年在鹿特丹,在荷蘭
11:26
for Dead Duck Day.
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能看到你們參與死鴨日
11:28
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
11:29
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
11:31
Oh, sorry.
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啊,抱歉
11:37
May可能 I have my duck back, please?
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我可以把我的鴨子拿回來嗎?拜託
11:39
(Laughter笑聲) (Applause掌聲)
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(笑聲)(掌聲)
11:42
Thank you.
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謝謝各位
Translated by Jui-Hsin Chen
Reviewed by Nan-Kun Wu

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kees Moeliker - Ornithologist
Kees Moeliker writes and speaks about natural history, especially birds and remarkable animal behavior, as well as improbable research and science-communication-with-a-laugh.

Why you should listen

In Kees Moeliker's career (he's now curator of the Natural History Museum Rotterdam) he's rediscovered long-lost birds, such as the black-chinned monarch (Monarcha boanensis) on the remote Moluccan island of Boano in 1991. On the tiny West Papuan island of Boo he collected and named a new subspecies of fruit bat (Macroglossus minimus booensis).

Aaaaand he's the guy who observed and published the first scientifically documented case of homosexual necrophilia in ducks. For this, he was awarded the 2003 Ig Nobel biology prize, and that much-coveted award led him to appreciate that curiosity and humour can be powerful tools for scientists and science communicators.

Moeliker later used these tools to tell the world about two other notorious, complicated subjects: the brutally murdered ‘Domino’ sparrow and the feared disappearance of the once-ubiquitous pubic louse. He has pioneered unusual ways to engage international audience — to make people think about remarkable animal behaviour, biodiversity and habitat destruction.

His writings include two books, in Dutch: 'De eendenman' (The Duck Guy, 2009) and 'De bilnaad van de teek' (The Butt Crack of the Tick, 2012).

Each year, on June 5, he organizes Dead Duck Day, an event that commemorates the first known case of homosexual necrophilia in the mallard duck. The event also raises awareness for the tremendous number of bird deaths caused, worldwide, by glass buildings.

More profile about the speaker
Kees Moeliker | Speaker | TED.com