TEDWomen 2018
Kakenya Ntaiya: Empower a girl, transform a community
卡肯尼亞 内塔亞: 賦權于女孩，改造整個社區
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卡肯尼亞 内塔亞 將她追逐教育的夢想轉變成一個保護弱勢女孩的運動，同時也廢止了一個肯亞當地有害的傳統習俗。演講中提到了兩位 Kakenya Center for Excellence 的學生， 她們在能夠安心居住學習的環境下成長，同時也帶領她們的社群向上提升。内塔亞說：「當你賦予女孩力量，你同時也改造了整個社區」。
Kakenya Ntaiya - Educator and activist
Kakenya Ntaiya refused to accept the continued oppression of women in her Maasai village -- so she built a school that's shifting gender expectations in her community. Full bio
Kakenya Ntaiya refused to accept the continued oppression of women in her Maasai village -- so she built a school that's shifting gender expectations in her community. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
To empower girls,
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爲了賦予女孩子力量，
00:14
you need to educate them.
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首先得提供她教育。
00:15
That was my dream.
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那便是我的夢想。
00:17
And so I built a school,
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因此我建了一所學校，
00:19
and in the process,
I learned something much bigger.
I learned something much bigger.
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在過程中我學到了更重大的一課。
00:22
When you empower a girl,
you transform a community.
you transform a community.
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你幫助女孩強化自身能力時，
也同時改造了整個社區。
也同時改造了整個社區。
00:25
School is just a start.
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學校只是一個開端。
00:29
I grew up in rural Kenya
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我出身於肯亞的農村，
00:30
in a small village called Enoosaen.
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一個叫做伊努賽恩的小村子。
00:33
I was the first of eight children,
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我是八個孩子中的老大，
00:34
and I spent my childhood
helping my mother cook, clean, farm
helping my mother cook, clean, farm
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所以我的童年就是幫忙母親
做家事、煮飯、打掃、農活，
做家事、煮飯、打掃、農活，
00:40
and take care of my siblings.
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以及照顧我的弟妹們。
00:42
Like other Maasai girls,
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跟其他的馬賽族女孩一樣，
00:43
I was engaged from
a very young age to be married.
a very young age to be married.
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我在很小時就被配婚。
00:48
But as I reached puberty,
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一進入青春期，
00:50
I underwent female genital mutilation,
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就被安排做了女性的割禮，
00:54
known as FGM.
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簡稱 FGM 。
00:56
This picture shows some of the tools
that are used to perform FGM on girls.
that are used to perform FGM on girls.
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照片上是用在女孩
FGM 割禮的部分工具。
FGM 割禮的部分工具。
01:03
FGM was supposed to mark
the end of my childhood
the end of my childhood
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FGM 儀式為我的童年劃下句點，
01:06
and, by extension, my education.
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也同時代表我的教育到此結束。
01:10
But I negotiated with my father
in order to stay in school --
in order to stay in school --
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我想辦法說服了我的父親讓我
01:14
even after going through FGM.
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做過割禮繼續上學 。
01:17
Years later I went to university.
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幾年之後我上了大學。
01:21
And in order to get
my community's support,
my community's support,
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為了得到我的故鄉人的支持，
01:25
I promised to come back one day
to repay that support.
to repay that support.
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我承諾未來會回鄉報答他們的支持。
01:30
But years later,
when I went back to my village,
when I went back to my village,
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幾年後，當我回到我的村子時，
01:34
not much had changed.
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看起來跟之前一樣。
01:36
Girls were still going through FGM,
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女孩們一樣要經歷 FGM 割禮，
01:39
still leaving school,
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割禮後輟學，
01:40
still getting married
to men older than their fathers
to men older than their fathers
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嫁給比她們父親還老的男人，
01:44
and still having children
when they're teenagers.
when they're teenagers.
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一樣在十幾歲就開始生育下一代。
01:49
I did not want to see
any more girls go through that.
any more girls go through that.
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我希望可以幫助她們逃脫舊習的魔掌。
01:53
That's when I knew what I needed to do
to give back to my community.
to give back to my community.
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就在那時我知道了我應該
做什麼來回報我的族群。
做什麼來回報我的族群。
01:59
I built a school just for girls
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我蓋了一個女校，希望藉此
02:02
so that they can be free from FGM
and early marriage.
and early marriage.
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幫助她們免除割禮及早婚的命運。
02:07
At my first enrollment --
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在報名的當天——
02:08
(Applause and cheers)
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（掌聲及歡呼）
02:15
At my first enrollment,
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原本我預期
02:17
I had hoped for 10 girls.
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頂多只有十個女孩會來報名。
02:19
100 came.
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結果來了 100 個。
02:21
(Cheers and applause)
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（歡呼及掌聲）
02:23
I started to realize
just how big this dream was,
just how big this dream was,
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我開始意識到這個夢想有多大，
02:27
and soon I learned that my school
could be the foundation --
could be the foundation --
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而且很快地，我發現我的學校
可以作為一個基礎，
可以作為一個基礎，
02:31
but it wasn't going to be enough.
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可是這樣還不夠。
02:33
So that first year,
I enrolled these 30 girls.
I enrolled these 30 girls.
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這 30 個女孩是我第一年的學生。
02:37
Some had been abused, others were orphans,
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其中有些是遭受過虐待的兒童，
還有一些則是孤兒，
還有一些則是孤兒，
02:40
and some came from families
that are very traditional,
that are very traditional,
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還有一些是來自非常傳統的家庭，
02:42
that had never sent any girl to school.
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這是第一次讓他們的女兒去上學。
02:45
So school started.
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我的學校就此開始。
02:47
Though the girls
seemed excited to be there,
seemed excited to be there,
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這些女孩們來上學都顯得很興奮，
02:50
they were having difficulty staying awake.
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可是她們卻常常昏昏欲睡。
02:53
What was going on?
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到底怎麼回事？
02:55
They had a teacher, they had books,
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她們有老師，有書本，
02:57
there was a new classroom on the way,
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還有正在蓋的新教室，
02:59
but ...
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可是，
03:01
They were determined to be there,
but they had no energy.
but they had no energy.
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雖然她們都來了，卻沒有體力上課
03:05
Then I realized they were hungry,
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然後我發現原來是因為飢餓，
03:08
so I quickly found a cook and food.
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於是我很快的找了廚師，還有食物。
03:12
Soon thereafter, I learned
that a classroom was not enough.
that a classroom was not enough.
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不久後，我意識到光有教室是不夠的。
03:15
I needed a boarding school.
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我的學校需要有宿舍。
03:18
Not only were the girls tired
and hungry from chores
and hungry from chores
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女孩們幫忙完家務又累又餓，
03:22
and long walks to school and back home,
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從家裡到學校的長途跋涉也是問題，
03:25
they were also not safe.
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同時她們也不安全。
03:27
It's a sad truth,
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這是很悲慘的事實，
03:29
but girls are often assaulted,
raped and even kidnapped
raped and even kidnapped
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女孩們會在上學途中
受到毆打、強暴、甚至綁架，
受到毆打、強暴、甚至綁架，
03:33
on their way to school.
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層出不窮。
03:35
So before a girl
could learn math or history,
could learn math or history,
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在一個女孩可以開始上數學歷史之前，
03:39
she needed to feel safe,
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她必須先能安全到校，
03:40
she needed to be rested
and be well-nourished.
and be well-nourished.
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她也必須得到足夠的休息
及營養的食物。
及營養的食物。
03:44
So let me tell you about some of my girls.
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讓我介紹一下我的女孩們。
03:47
This is Faith.
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這是費絲。
03:49
Faith comes from a very traditional
family in the community.
family in the community.
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費絲來自一個非常傳統的家庭。
03:53
Her older sister had already
gone through FGM and already married,
gone through FGM and already married,
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她的姊姊早已行過割禮也結了婚，
03:57
but Faith was so determined.
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可是費絲很有決心，
03:59
She really loved learning,
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她真的很愛學習，
04:01
and she wanted to come to my school
when she heard about it.
when she heard about it.
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她一聽說我的學校，就打定主意要來。
04:05
So she asked her father, her mother --
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她問了她的父母親，
04:07
anyone to bring her to my school.
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可不可以帶她來。
04:10
They all refused.
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他們兩個都拒絕了。
04:12
Faith did something very brave.
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費絲做了件非常勇敢的事。
04:15
She stole an egg from her mother's house,
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她從她母親的房子偷了一顆雞蛋，
04:18
went to the market,
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拿去市場賣，
04:19
sold the egg and bought a single pencil.
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用得到的錢買了一枝鉛筆。
04:22
Then she walked five miles,
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然後她把那隻筆緊握在手心，
04:24
clenching that pencil, trying to enroll.
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徒步走了五英里來學校。
04:27
She arrived --
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她走到了。
04:28
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
04:31
She arrived tired and hungry,
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她雖然又飢又渴，
04:34
but determined.
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可是她決心很強。
04:35
I listened to her story,
and we enrolled her in my school.
and we enrolled her in my school.
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我聽了她的故事，收下她這個學生。
04:39
But getting into my school
was only just the start.
was only just the start.
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可是進入我的學校只是一個開始。
04:43
Faith needed food, she needed medicine,
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費絲需要食物，她需要藥品，
04:46
she needed counseling --
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她需要諮詢輔導，
04:48
all of which we provided.
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這一切我們都提供。
04:50
And she also met adults
who already believed in her.
who already believed in her.
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她在這裡也遇到了
願意相信及肯定她的成年人。
願意相信及肯定她的成年人。
04:54
Supported by this community,
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有了這一切的支援，
04:57
Faith was ready to learn.
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費絲才能真正開始學習。
04:59
This is Faith.
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這就是費絲。
05:00
Six months of schooling,
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入學六個月後拍的照片。
05:03
now she's a happy sixth grader
who dreams of becoming a pilot someday,
who dreams of becoming a pilot someday,
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她現在是一個快樂的六年級生，
夢想有一天成為一個飛機駕駛員。
夢想有一天成為一個飛機駕駛員。
05:08
and her family now supports her,
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她的家庭現在也支持她，
05:10
and best of all,
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更好的是，
05:12
her younger sisters
will follow in her footsteps.
will follow in her footsteps.
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她的妹妹們也有機會跟她一樣上學了。
05:15
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:23
Child marriage is expected to cost
the global economy trillions of dollars
the global economy trillions of dollars
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童婚被預測在接下來的
15 年中耗費全球經濟
15 年中耗費全球經濟
05:28
over the next 15 years.
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幾兆美金。
05:30
We can talk numbers,
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我們可以談論數據，
05:32
but in a real lifetime,
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可是真實生活中，
05:34
what child marriage will cost my village
is the doctor, the teacher,
is the doctor, the teacher,
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童婚會讓我的村子裡損失掉
許多未來的醫生、老師
許多未來的醫生、老師
05:40
the entrepreneur,
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及企業家，
05:41
the true partner our men
will need in the future ...
will need in the future ...
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以及男性所需的真正伴侶，
05:45
real ways women can help us
lift out of poverty.
lift out of poverty.
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這才是女孩們幫大家
從貧困中解救出來的方法。
從貧困中解救出來的方法。
05:51
So I came to realize once again,
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所以，我再次地了解到，
05:54
as I did when I needed help
to go to university,
to go to university,
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就像當年我得到部落支持去上大學，
05:57
that while I could dream or have a dream,
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我所夢想要達成的，
06:00
I could not make it come true
all by myself.
all by myself.
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也不能光靠我自己。
06:05
So I went back to the elders
who helped me more than a decade ago.
who helped me more than a decade ago.
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所以我回去找十多年前
支持我的族輩們。
支持我的族輩們。
06:10
I needed their support once again
if I was going to be successful.
if I was going to be successful.
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我需要他們的支持幫我成就大事。
06:15
So I formed a community board
with religious leaders, parents
with religious leaders, parents
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我成立了一個委員會，
其中有宗教領袖、學生家長，
其中有宗教領袖、學生家長，
06:20
and some teachers from other schools.
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以及一些其他學校的老師。
06:23
I needed allies in the government
and in the community
and in the community
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我需要在政府部門
以及我的族群中有一些盟友，
以及我的族群中有一些盟友，
06:27
to help advance my goal.
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幫我達成目標。
06:30
I needed especially
the support of the chief
the support of the chief
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我特別需要的是我的酋長的支持，
06:32
to help me enforce
the no-FGM policy in my school.
the no-FGM policy in my school.
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幫助我讓我的學生免受割禮。
06:36
At first he was resistant,
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他剛開始很抗拒，
06:39
but I persisted --
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可是我很堅持。
06:40
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:42
and now he's our greatest ally.
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他後來成了我最棒的盟友。
06:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:50
I also needed the fathers.
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我同時需要學生的父親們的支持。
06:53
That brings me to Linet.
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講到這，我得提一下李菍。
06:56
Linet's father, Momposhi,
did not believe in the education of girls.
did not believe in the education of girls.
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李菍的父親，孟波胥，
並不認為女孩該受教育。
並不認為女孩該受教育。
07:01
In fact, he himself never went to school.
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事實上，他本身也從未上過學。
07:04
But Linet's mother believed in Linet
and brought her to enroll in my school,
and brought her to enroll in my school,
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李菍的母親相信女兒有潛力，
所以她將了女兒帶來我的學校，
所以她將了女兒帶來我的學校，
07:07
and I knew she belonged with us.
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我也相信李菍應該來上學。
07:10
I just had to find a way
to get Momposhi to believe in Linet, too.
to get Momposhi to believe in Linet, too.
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只是我得想辦法讓孟波胥
也肯定李菍的能力。
也肯定李菍的能力。
07:16
So I used the pretense
of revealing Linet's grade
of revealing Linet's grade
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我假藉要與孟波胥談李菍的成績，
07:20
to get Momposhi to come.
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請他來學校一趟。
07:23
He came, and he started noticing
his daughter being promising as a student.
his daughter being promising as a student.
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他來了，也開始注意到他女兒
原來真的可以讀書。
原來真的可以讀書。
07:28
With each visit, he built
a strong relationship with his daughter --
a strong relationship with his daughter --
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每次來過學校後，
他與女兒的關係就又牢固一點。
他與女兒的關係就又牢固一點。
07:34
noticing not just her grades
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他注意到的不只是她的成績，
07:36
but also accepting her
as someone with full potential.
as someone with full potential.
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他也接受他女兒
就跟任何人一樣有潛力的事實。
就跟任何人一樣有潛力的事實。
07:41
So when Linet was accepted
in one of the top national high schools
in one of the top national high schools
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所以當李菍念完八年級後，
得到全國頂尖高中的入學通知時，
得到全國頂尖高中的入學通知時，
07:45
after eighth grade,
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07:46
Momposhi was bursting with pride
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孟波胥又高興又驕傲，
07:49
and went around the village
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他跑遍全村，
07:50
telling everyone how proud
and how smart his daughter was.
and how smart his daughter was.
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告訴每一個人他的女兒有多聰明。
07:54
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:55
Can you imagine?
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你能想像嗎？
07:57
He brought Linet
to the new school himself.
to the new school himself.
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他親自帶李菍去新學校入學。
07:59
It was the first time either of them
had ever been to Nairobi.
had ever been to Nairobi.
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那是他們第一次去到奈洛比。
08:04
Today Linet is studying
at university in Australia --
at university in Australia --
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李菍現在在澳洲念大學。
08:08
(Applause and cheers)
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（掌聲及歡呼）
08:13
and Momposhi is our greatest
advocate in the community.
advocate in the community.
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孟波胥現在是我們
在社區裏最大的支持者。
在社區裏最大的支持者。
08:18
I also brought mothers to the table,
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我同時也需要所有母親們的參與，
08:20
including my own.
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包括我自己的。
08:22
That's my mother
in one of our training programs.
in one of our training programs.
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這是我的母親參加某次的訓練課程。
08:24
And our mothers are involved
in the education of their own children.
in the education of their own children.
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母親們參與自己孩子的教育。
08:29
I also brought grandmothers into the mix.
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我還把祖母們也加了進來。
08:31
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:32
In my community, grandmothers
are the proud keepers
are the proud keepers
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在我的族群裡，
祖母們是驕傲的守護者
祖母們是驕傲的守護者
08:35
of our stories and cultures,
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守護著我們的故事及文化，
08:38
and I wanted my girls to learn
and embrace our rich Maasai culture.
and embrace our rich Maasai culture.
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我要我的女孩們學習及擁抱
我們豐富的馬賽族文化。
我們豐富的馬賽族文化。
08:43
Today, grandmothers
do story time with the girls,
do story time with the girls,
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現在說故事時間由祖母們負責，
08:46
and it's a beautiful way
our community remains connected.
our community remains connected.
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用這個美麗的方式
將我們的社區連結起來。
將我們的社區連結起來。
08:51
I also ...
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我同時
08:53
started working with the boys!
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也開始了教育男孩們！
08:55
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
08:56
What would happen
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如果男孩們在成長階段中，
08:57
if the boys grew up with the same
mindset as their fathers before them?
mindset as their fathers before them?
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也養成與他們上一輩一樣的心態呢？
09:02
I'll tell you, not much will change.
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我說，不會對現況有改變或幫助。
09:05
So I enlisted support from an organization
called I'm Worth Defending:
called I'm Worth Defending:
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我得到了一個叫做
「我值得捍衛」的組織的支持，
「我值得捍衛」的組織的支持，
09:10
a group of young, progressive leaders
led by Alfred and George.
led by Alfred and George.
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這是阿佛雷德及喬治帶頭的
一群年輕積極的領導者。
一群年輕積極的領導者。
09:15
Together we created
a training program for boys and girls
a training program for boys and girls
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我們為那些無法上學的孩子們
設計了一個新的訓練課程
09:18
who could not attend my school,
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09:21
sharing vital information
about gender equality,
about gender equality,
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分享男女平等的重要觀念，
09:25
health and human rights.
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以及健康還有人權方面的訊息。
09:28
Today we have reached
over 10,000 boys and girls and counting.
over 10,000 boys and girls and counting.
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至今我們已經推廣接觸到超過
一萬名孩童，且數字持續上升。
一萬名孩童，且數字持續上升。
09:33
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:40
It turns out it truly does take a village
to make this kind of a dream come true.
to make this kind of a dream come true.
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結果證實，要夢想成真
的確需要動員整個村子。
的確需要動員整個村子。
09:45
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:47
That's what you're seeing today,
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這就是我們目前所看到的，
09:48
where nearly 400 girls
have not gone through FGM
have not gone through FGM
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我的村子有將近 400 名女孩
沒有行過 FGM 割禮，
沒有行過 FGM 割禮，
09:53
in my village,
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09:54
in a region where nearly 80 percent
of women have been cut.
of women have been cut.
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但是在我們村子所在的地區，
還是有 80% 的女性得接受割禮。
10:00
Believe me, these girls,
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相信我，這些女孩們，
10:03
they are sharing their experiences
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她們將經驗分享給她們的姊妹們、
10:05
with their sisters,
their cousins and their friends.
their cousins and their friends.
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表姊妹們還有她們的朋友。
10:09
They're so interested.
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她們覺得很新鮮。
10:13
Over time, this is becoming the new normal
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隨著時間，這會變成一個新的常態，
10:15
and it's being embraced
by the same, same community --
by the same, same community --
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被同樣住在這個地區的大家接受，
10:19
my community.
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我的社區，我的族群。
10:21
So what does transforming
communities mean to Kenya?
communities mean to Kenya?
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所以改變社區給肯亞帶來什麼呢？
10:27
President Obama visited Kenya in 2015,
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2015 年歐巴馬總統造訪肯亞，
10:30
and he met with representatives
from organizations
from organizations
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他會見了許多組織的代表，
10:34
trying to help improve communities.
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希望可以幫忙改善社區。
10:37
Guess what?
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你猜怎麼樣？
10:39
He met Linet!
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他見了李菍！
10:40
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:42
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
10:49
Together they talked about a Kenya
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他們聊到新的肯亞
10:52
where all girls
have the same opportunities,
have the same opportunities,
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是一個女孩們有著同樣的機會的地方，
10:56
where Linet is a leader
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李菍是它的領袖，
10:58
and where communities
like Enoosaen are thriving
like Enoosaen are thriving
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所有在這個肯亞的社群，
類似伊努賽恩的村子都蓬勃發展，
類似伊努賽恩的村子都蓬勃發展，
11:01
because its members --
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因為這個肯亞的成員——
11:02
all its members -- have opportunities.
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所有的成員——都有同樣的機會。
11:05
Helping the communities see
that each daughter is a treasure,
that each daughter is a treasure,
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幫助族群意識到每個女兒都是寶，
11:09
every sister is full of potential,
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每個姊妹都充滿潛力，
11:12
and helping every single girl
see that value in herself.
see that value in herself.
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同時也幫助每個女孩認識本身的價值。
11:16
There is no limit
to what that future will cost.
to what that future will cost.
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我們應該不計成本去
達到那個理想的肯亞。
達到那個理想的肯亞。
11:21
Not every girl who comes
to my school will be a PhD,
to my school will be a PhD,
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在我學校裡的女孩不見得
每個都能拿到博士學位，
每個都能拿到博士學位，
11:26
but every single one of them
will achieve her full potential
will achieve her full potential
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可是每一個都能充分發揮她的潛能，
11:31
and will become an advocate
for her children
for her children
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成為她的下一代最大的支持者，
11:34
and her grandchildren for years to come.
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還有她的下下一代的支持者。
11:38
Today my dreams are informed
by what I learned from them
by what I learned from them
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今天我的夢想揉雜了
我她們身上學到的，
我她們身上學到的，
11:42
and what I've learned from you.
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還有我從你們身上學到的。
11:44
My journey led me
out of Enoosaen and back again.
out of Enoosaen and back again.
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我的旅程帶我走出伊努賽恩，
又再次將我帶回伊努賽恩。
又再次將我帶回伊努賽恩。
11:49
And in the process,
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在這個過程中，
11:50
I was embraced by the world,
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我被世界所擁抱，
11:53
and you have become my village.
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你們所有人成為我的社區。
11:55
So I make a new promise to you,
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我今天在此承諾，
11:57
my elders, my sisters and my friends,
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對我的族輩，我的姊妹及朋友們，
12:01
that I am going to keep
dreaming and keep going
dreaming and keep going
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我承諾會持續我的夢想，繼續努力
12:05
until girls like Linet and Faith
achieve their dreams
achieve their dreams
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直到像是李菍還有費絲這樣的
女孩們實現她們的夢想，
女孩們實現她們的夢想，
12:09
and I see mine:
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那時就算達到了我的夢想：
12:11
that all communities
give every single woman
give every single woman
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所有的社區能夠給予每一個女性，
12:16
and every single girl
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每一個女孩機會，
12:18
their dreams come true.
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讓她們去實現她們的夢想。
12:20
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:21
(Applause and cheers)
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（掌聲與歡呼）
12:26
Thank you, thank you.
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謝謝，謝謝。
12:28
(Applause and cheers)
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（掌聲與歡呼）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kakenya Ntaiya - Educator and activistKakenya Ntaiya refused to accept the continued oppression of women in her Maasai village -- so she built a school that's shifting gender expectations in her community.
Why you should listen
Kakenya Ntaiya was set to follow the traditional path of girls born in the small village of Enoosaen, Kenya. Engaged at the age of 5, she was to participate in a female circumcision ceremony as a young teenager and then be married. But she had a different plan. First, she negotiated with her father and willingly agree to be circumcised -- only if he would allow her to finish high school. Later, when she was accepted to Randolph-Macon Women's College in Viriginia, she negotiated with her village elders to do what no girl had ever done before: leave her village to go to college in the United States.
She didn’t leave forever, though. Deeply proud of her heritage and of her community, Ntaiya returned to the village after school and worked with her elders to establish a school for girls there. The Kakenya Center for Excellence was established in 2009 with 32 students. A primary grade boarding school just for girls, the curriculum focuses on academics, leadership and female empowerment, along with cultural preservation and life skills. While families that can afford tuition do, Ntaiya also works with donors to provide scholarships for others.
In addition to her work with the school, Ntaiya is also a National Geographic emerging explorer.
Kakenya Ntaiya | Speaker | TED.com