ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Tercek - Environmental leader
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities.

Why you should listen

Mark Tercek is CEO of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the world's largest conservation organization, and author of the best-seller Nature's Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature. After a 24-year career at Goldman Sachs, where he served as a managing director and Partner, Tercek became an "investment banker for nature." He brings deep business experience to his role at TNC, where he leads the organization's efforts to bring together diverse groups to find pragmatic, common-ground solutions to protect nature at scale. He is a champion of the idea of natural capital -- valuing nature for its own sake as well as for the services it provides for people, such as clean air and water, productive soils and a stable climate. Growing up as a city kid in Cleveland, Tercek was a late-bloomer to conservation. It was becoming a parent that sparked his passion for nature. "I want to be able to look my kids in the eye and tell them I did all I could to leave the world a better place," he says.

With support from the Audacious Project at TED, Tercek and his colleagues at TNC are launching a bold plan that could protect 4 million square kilometers of ocean over five years. 

More profile about the speaker
Mark Tercek | Speaker | TED.com
TED2019

Mark Tercek: An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection

馬可騰: 擴大海洋保護的創新提案

Filmed:
1,702,757 views

島國及沿海國家必須保護他們的海域才能維持海洋生態健康。可是他們通常有許多債務,因此無法將海洋保護排在其他所需之前。馬克騰與他的大自然保護協會的團隊看到一個一箭雙鵰的辦法能同時解決兩個問題:用債務重組跟該國政府交換一個保護沿海區域的承諾。影片說明了藍色保育債券的概念以及如何創造海洋保育工作所需的數十億美元的資金。這個遠大的計畫是由 TED 發起的「膽識計畫」中的其中一個,希望藉此激起投入全球變革的浪潮。
- Environmental leader
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Ah, earth's地球 oceans海洋.
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啊,地球的海洋。
00:14
They are beautiful美麗,
inspiring鼓舞人心, life-sustaining維持生命的.
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美麗、振奮人心、維持生態平衡。
可是也正如你可能意識到的,
海洋也多少遭到破壞了。
00:18
They are also, as you're probably大概
quite相當 aware知道的, more or less screwed.
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比方說,在塞席爾,
00:22
In the Seychelles塞舌爾, for example,
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00:23
human人的 activities活動 and climate氣候 change更改
have left corals珊瑚蟲 bleached漂白.
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人為活動和氣候變化導致珊瑚白化。
00:27
Overfishing過度 捕撈 has caused造成
fish stocks個股 to plummet鉛墜.
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過度捕撈導致魚群種類驟減。
00:30
Biodiversity生物多樣性 is in peril.
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生物多樣性岌岌可危。
00:31
So what can we do?
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那我們能做什麼呢?
00:33
Well, some form形成 of protection保護, obviously明顯.
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顯然要有某種形式的保護。
00:35
Nature性質 is very resilient彈性.
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大自然韌性很強。
00:37
When marine海洋 areas
are strategically戰略性 protected保護,
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只要對海洋區域實施策略性保護,
00:39
entire整個 ecosystems生態系統 can bounce彈跳 back.
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整個生態系統可以很快恢復平衡。
00:42
However然而, creating創建 marine海洋
protected保護 areas isn't easy簡單.
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然而,創建海洋保護區並非易事。
00:45
First, you have the issue問題
of figuring盤算 out where to protect保護.
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首先,你得要先決定保護地點。
00:48
This coral珊瑚 reef overlaps重疊 with that
international國際 fishing釣魚 route路線,
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這個珊瑚礁與國際漁業路線重疊,
00:51
intersects相交 with this fish hatchery孵化.
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也跟那個魚苗孵化場相交。
00:53
Everything is interconnected互聯.
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環環相扣。
00:55
And marine海洋 protection保護 plans計劃
must必須 take into account帳戶
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海洋保護計劃必須將
區域與區域間的相互影響都考慮進去。
00:57
how one area affects影響 another另一個.
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00:59
Then, there's the issue問題
of getting得到 everyone大家 on board.
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再來,就是如何讓所有人
都一起投入努力的議題。
01:02
Coastal沿海 economies經濟
often經常 rely依靠 on fishing釣魚 and tourism旅遊.
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沿海經濟往往依賴漁業和觀光業。
01:04
If people think they can't do their work,
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如果人們以為生計會受到影響,
01:06
there's no chance機會 of getting得到
the local本地 buy-in買入 you need
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那你就得不到必要的地區性支持
01:09
for the area to be successful成功.
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來讓保護區成功運作。
01:11
Marine海洋 protected保護 areas
must必須 also be enforced強制執行.
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海洋保護區也必須徹底執行。
01:13
That means手段 the government政府 itself本身
must必須 be deeply invested投資 in the plan計劃.
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也就是說政府必須深切投入計劃中。
01:17
Token令 牌 support支持 will not cut it.
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象徵性的支持是不夠的。
01:18
And finally最後, conservation保護 requires要求 money.
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最後,保育工作需要錢。
01:21
A lot of it.
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很多錢。
01:22
Governments政府 in island and coastal沿海 nations國家
may可能 want to protect保護 their waters水域,
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島國和沿海國家的政府
可能也想保護其水域,
01:26
but often經常 these nations國家
have very high debt債務
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可是往往這些國家的外債很高,
01:28
and can't afford給予
to prioritize優先 conservation保護.
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無法優先考慮保育工作。
01:31
If we rely依靠 on philanthropic慈善 dollars美元 alone單獨
to fund基金 marine海洋 protection保護,
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單靠慈善捐款資助海洋保育的話,
01:34
we might威力 get a small
marine-protected海洋保護 area here,
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結果可能就是這裡做一個
小型的海洋保護區,
01:36
another另一個 little one there.
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那裡也做一個。
01:38
But we need more
marine海洋 protected保護 areas faster更快,
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但我們需要加速建立
更多的海洋保護區,
01:40
to have lasting持久 impact碰撞.
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才能發揮持久的影響。
01:42
So what exactly究竟 does
smart聰明 ocean海洋 conservation保護 look like?
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那聰明的海洋保育該怎麼做?
01:45
How do we get the money,
government政府 support支持 and careful小心 planning規劃
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我們要如何獲得資金、
政府支持和審慎的規劃,
01:49
that takes into account帳戶
both local本地 economies經濟
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同時還考慮到當地經濟
01:51
and complex複雜 ecosystems生態系統?
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以及複雜的生態系統?
01:53
We want to share分享 with you
an audacious膽大 idea理念
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大自然保護協會(TNC)想要分享
01:56
from The Nature性質 Conservancy水利.
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我們的一個大膽的想法。
01:57
It seeks尋求 to address地址
all of these things in one fell下跌 swoop落下.
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一個或能一舉解決所有的問題的想法。
02:00
They've他們已經 realized實現 that debt債務 held保持
by island and coastal沿海 nations國家
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TNC 意識到島國及沿海國家的債務
02:03
is the very thing that will enable啟用 them
to achieve實現 their conservation保護 goals目標.
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正是能用來達成保育計畫的關鍵。
02:07
TNC's跨國公司的 idea理念 is to restructure重組 this debt債務,
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TNC 的想法是將債務重組,
02:10
to generate生成 the funds資金 and political政治 will
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創造資金及政府意願
02:12
to protect保護 reefs珊瑚礁, mangroves紅樹林 and fisheries漁業.
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用來保護珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業。
02:15
For example, if you refinance再融資 your house
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舉例來說,你在利率較低時
02:18
to take advantage優點
of a better interest利益 rate,
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將你的房子再融資,
02:20
maybe you use the savings
to insulate隔離 your attic閣樓.
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拿省下來的錢去做閣樓的隔熱工程。
02:22
That's what Blue藍色 Bonds債券 for Conservation保護 do
for entire整個 coastal沿海 countries國家.
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專為沿海國家設計的
藍色保育債券就是這樣。
02:26
Refinance融資 the debt債務,
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將債務再融資,
02:28
then use the savings
to create創建 marine海洋 protected保護 areas.
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用省下來的錢創建海洋保護區。
02:31
Of course課程, sovereign君主 debt債務 restructuring重組
is more complicated複雜 than that,
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當然,主權債務重組比這更複雜,
02:34
but you get the basic基本 idea理念.
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但基本的概念就是這樣。
02:36
If investors投資者 put in
40 million百萬 dollars美元 now,
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假設投資者投入 4000 萬美元,
02:38
it can unlock開鎖 as much as 1.6 billion十億
for ocean海洋 conservation保護.
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就可以釋放多達 16 億的海洋保育基金。
02:42
And this is how the work gets得到 doneDONE.
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接下來就換我們去完成工作。
02:44
Step one: negotiate談判 the deal合同.
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第一步:協商交易。
02:46
A coastal沿海 nation國家 commits提交 to protect保護
at least最小 30 percent百分 of its ocean海洋 areas.
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沿海國家承諾保護 30% 的海域。
02:50
In exchange交換, The Nature性質 Conservancy水利
bring帶來 investors投資者, public上市 funders資助者
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大自然保護協會就幫忙
找投資者、公債資助者,
02:55
and international國際
development發展 organizations組織
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也找來國際發展組織,
02:57
to the table to restructure重組
a portion一部分 of the nation's國家 debt債務,
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一起研議如何重組該國的債款,
03:00
leading領導 to lower降低 interest利益 rates利率
and longer repayment還款 periods.
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提供更低的利率和更長的還款期。
03:03
Step two: create創建 a marine海洋 plan計劃.
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第二步:制定海洋計劃。
03:05
Simultaneously同時, The Nature性質 Conservancy水利
works作品 with marine海洋 scientists科學家們,
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大自然保護協會同時也與海洋科學家、
03:09
government政府 leaders領導者 and local本地 stakeholders利益相關者
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政府領導人和當地利害關係人,
03:11
to create創建 a detailed詳細 conservation保護 plan計劃
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合作制定出詳細的保護計畫,
03:13
that integrates整合 the needs需求 of the ocean海洋
with the needs需求 of the people.
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將海洋的需求與人民的需求結合起來。
03:16
Step three: activate啟用 for longevity長壽.
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第三步:啟動永續運作。
03:19
TNC跨國公司 establishes建立 an independently獨立地 run
conservation保護 trust相信 fund基金.
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TNC 成立一個獨立運作的
保護信託基金。
03:23
The savings from the debt債務
restructure重組 goes into it
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經由債務重組省下的錢
就存入信託基金中,
03:25
to support支持 new marine海洋 protected保護 areas.
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用在建立新的海洋保護區。
03:27
The trust相信 then holds持有 the government政府
accountable問責 for its commitments承諾,
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同時信託基金也監督
政府是否達到承諾,
03:31
ensuring確保 that the Blue藍色 Bonds債券
finance金融 real真實 protection保護 efforts努力.
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將藍色債券確實用在保育工作上。
03:34
Could this plan計劃 work?
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這個計劃能成功嗎?
03:35
It already已經 has.
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已經成功了。
03:37
In 2016, TNC跨國公司 helped幫助 create創建 a national國民
conservation保護 plan計劃 in the Seychelles塞舌爾.
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2016 年,TNC 幫助塞席爾
制定了國家級的保護計劃。
03:43
TNC跨國公司 restructured重組 22 million百萬 dollars美元
of the government's政府的 debt債務.
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TNC 將該政府的
2200 萬美元債務重組。
03:47
And in exchange交換, the government政府 agreed約定
to protect保護 30 percent百分 of its marine海洋 areas.
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交換條件是,塞席爾政府
同意保護其 30% 的海域。
03:51
Today今天, the Seychelles塞舌爾 is on track跟踪
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今天,塞席爾正朝著
03:53
to protect保護 400,000
square廣場 kilometers公里 of ocean海洋.
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40 萬平方公里海域保育目標前進。
03:56
That's an area
roughly大致 the size尺寸 of Germany德國.
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那大致相當於德國的面積。
03:58
The Seychelles塞舌爾
is protecting保護 its coral珊瑚 reefs珊瑚礁,
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塞席爾保護他們的珊瑚礁,
04:01
it's replenishing補益 its fisheries漁業,
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幫助漁業回歸榮景,
04:02
it's improving提高 its resilience彈性
to climate氣候 change更改.
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也提高了對氣候變化的應變能力。
04:05
At the same相同 time,
it's strengthening強化 its economy經濟.
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與此同時,經濟也增強了。
04:09
This success成功 is making製造
other governments政府 take note注意.
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其他的國家注意到了這個成功案例。
04:11
Many許多 want to be part部分 of this.
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許多政府希望也能參與。
04:13
There's an opportunity機會
to scale規模 this up, dramatically顯著.
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我們有機會大幅地擴大規模。
04:16
And fast快速.
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而且很快。
04:17
TNC跨國公司 has identified確定 20 more nations國家
where such這樣 a plan計劃 should be possible可能.
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TNC 已經鎖定其他
20 個計畫可行的國家。
04:21
But to execute執行, they need seed種子 capital首都.
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但要開始,他們需要先有種子資本。
04:23
And to put in place地點 local本地 teams球隊
who can develop發展 conservation保護 plans計劃,
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同時要建立能制定發展
保護計畫的當地團隊,
04:26
work with all the stakeholders利益相關者
and structure結構體 the deals交易.
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由他們去跟利害關係人
協商,訂定合作辦法。
04:29
If they get the support支持 they need
over the next下一個 five years年份,
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假如他們能在五年內獲得所需的支持,
04:32
they could protect保護 four million百萬
square廣場 kilometers公里 of ocean海洋.
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他們就能保護四百萬平方公里的海洋。
04:35
That's 10 Germanies德國人.
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那是十個德國大小的面積。
04:36
This would increase增加
the amount of protected保護 areas
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這麼一來能將全世界
04:38
in all of the world's世界 oceans海洋
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海洋保護區的總量
04:40
by an incredible難以置信 15 percent百分.
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提高整整 15 個百分比 。
04:42
It would allow允許 vast廣大 tracks軌道
of the world's世界 coral珊瑚 reefs珊瑚礁 to replenish補充
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也能促進全世界浩瀚的珊瑚礁再生,
04:45
and give safe安全 harbor港口 to countless無數 species種類.
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為無數的物種提供一個安全港。
04:48
This would be truly incredible難以置信.
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這真的很不可思議。
04:50
And it's really just the beginning開始.
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且這還只是開端。
04:52
Because there aren't
20 countries國家 in the world世界
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因為世界上不只 20 個國家
04:54
where this kind of debt債務
conversion轉變 would work.
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能夠利用債務重組去做海洋保育。
有將近 100 個。
04:56
There are almost幾乎 100.
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04:57
With this approach途徑, everyone大家 wins.
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這樣做讓每個人都成為贏家。
05:00
Governments政府, local本地 citizens公民, funders資助者,
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政府、當地居民、出資者,
05:03
and most importantly重要的, our oceans海洋.
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最重要的是,我們的海洋。
05:05
So in fact事實, we all win贏得.
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所以事實上,我們全都贏。
05:08
Ah, earth's地球 oceans海洋.
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啊,地球的海洋。
05:13
[The Audacious大膽 Project項目]
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[ 膽識計畫 ]
Translated by Zoe Chang
Reviewed by Marssi Draw

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Tercek - Environmental leader
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities.

Why you should listen

Mark Tercek is CEO of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the world's largest conservation organization, and author of the best-seller Nature's Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature. After a 24-year career at Goldman Sachs, where he served as a managing director and Partner, Tercek became an "investment banker for nature." He brings deep business experience to his role at TNC, where he leads the organization's efforts to bring together diverse groups to find pragmatic, common-ground solutions to protect nature at scale. He is a champion of the idea of natural capital -- valuing nature for its own sake as well as for the services it provides for people, such as clean air and water, productive soils and a stable climate. Growing up as a city kid in Cleveland, Tercek was a late-bloomer to conservation. It was becoming a parent that sparked his passion for nature. "I want to be able to look my kids in the eye and tell them I did all I could to leave the world a better place," he says.

With support from the Audacious Project at TED, Tercek and his colleagues at TNC are launching a bold plan that could protect 4 million square kilometers of ocean over five years. 

More profile about the speaker
Mark Tercek | Speaker | TED.com