TED2019
Mark Tercek: An ingenious proposal for scaling up marine protection
Mark Tersek (Mark Tercek): Genijalni predlog za povećanje zaštite mora
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Ostrvske i priobalne zemlje moraju da zaštite svoje vode da bi održale okeane zdravim. Ali, one često imaju mnogo dugova i nisu u stanju da daju prednost očuvanju okeana nad drugim potrebama. Mark Tersek i njegov tim u organizaciji Očuvanje prirode vide način da se reše oba problema odjednom: restrukturiranje državnog duga u zamenu za obavezivanje vlade da zaštiti priobalna područja. Saznajte više o tome kako funkcionišu „Plave obveznice za očuvanje“ i kako možete pomoći da se obezbede milijarde dolara za okeane. Ovaj ambiciozni plan je deo Smelog projekta (Audacious Project), TED-ove inicijative da inspiriše i finansira globalne promene. (Narator Ladan Vajz)
Mark Tercek - Environmental leader
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities. Full bio
Mark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Ah, earth's oceans.
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Ah, okeani na zemlji.
00:14
They are beautiful,
inspiring, life-sustaining.
inspiring, life-sustaining.
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Lepi su, inspirativni, održavaju život.
00:18
They are also, as you're probably
quite aware, more or less screwed.
quite aware, more or less screwed.
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Takođe su, kao što ste verovatno
prilično svesni, manje-više nadrljali.
prilično svesni, manje-više nadrljali.
00:22
In the Seychelles, for example,
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Na Sejšelima su, na primer,
00:23
human activities and climate change
have left corals bleached.
have left corals bleached.
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korali pobeleli zbog ljudskih aktivnosti
i klimatskih promena.
i klimatskih promena.
00:27
Overfishing has caused
fish stocks to plummet.
fish stocks to plummet.
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Prekomerni ribolov
je doveo do opadanja zaliha ribe.
je doveo do opadanja zaliha ribe.
00:30
Biodiversity is in peril.
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Biološka raznolikost je u opasnosti.
00:31
So what can we do?
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Šta možemo da učinimo?
00:33
Well, some form of protection, obviously.
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Pa, da zaštitimo na neki način, očigledno.
00:35
Nature is very resilient.
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Priroda je veoma otporna.
00:37
When marine areas
are strategically protected,
are strategically protected,
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Kada su morska područja
strateški zaštićena,
strateški zaštićena,
00:39
entire ecosystems can bounce back.
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čitavi ekosistemi mogu da se oporave.
00:42
However, creating marine
protected areas isn't easy.
protected areas isn't easy.
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Međutim, stvaranje zaštićenih
morskih područja nije lako.
morskih područja nije lako.
00:45
First, you have the issue
of figuring out where to protect.
of figuring out where to protect.
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Prvo imate problem
da otkrijete koje mesto da štitite.
da otkrijete koje mesto da štitite.
Ovaj koralni greben se preklapa
sa tim međunarodnim ribolovnim putem,
sa tim međunarodnim ribolovnim putem,
00:48
This coral reef overlaps with that
international fishing route,
international fishing route,
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00:51
intersects with this fish hatchery.
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ukršta se sa ovim ribljim mrestilištem.
00:53
Everything is interconnected.
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Sve je međusobno povezano.
00:55
And marine protection plans
must take into account
must take into account
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Planovi za zaštitu mora
moraju uzeti u obzir
moraju uzeti u obzir
00:57
how one area affects another.
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kako jedna oblast utiče na drugu.
00:59
Then, there's the issue
of getting everyone on board.
of getting everyone on board.
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Zatim je tu problem da se svi slože.
Priobalne ekonomije se često oslanjaju
na ribolov i turizam.
na ribolov i turizam.
01:02
Coastal economies
often rely on fishing and tourism.
often rely on fishing and tourism.
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Ako ljudi misle da ne mogu
da rade svoj posao,
da rade svoj posao,
01:04
If people think they can't do their work,
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01:06
there's no chance of getting
the local buy-in you need
the local buy-in you need
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nema šanse da ćete dobiti
lokalnu podršku koja vam je potrebna
lokalnu podršku koja vam je potrebna
01:09
for the area to be successful.
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da bi oblast bila uspešna.
01:11
Marine protected areas
must also be enforced.
must also be enforced.
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Zaštita morskih područja
se takođe mora primenjivati.
se takođe mora primenjivati.
01:13
That means the government itself
must be deeply invested in the plan.
must be deeply invested in the plan.
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To znači da i sama vlast
mora znatno ulagati u plan.
mora znatno ulagati u plan.
01:17
Token support will not cut it.
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Sitna podrška ništa ne znači.
01:18
And finally, conservation requires money.
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I, najzad, očuvanje zahteva novac.
01:21
A lot of it.
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Mnogo novca.
Vlasti u ostrvskim i priobalnim državama
možda žele da zaštite svoje vode,
možda žele da zaštite svoje vode,
01:22
Governments in island and coastal nations
may want to protect their waters,
may want to protect their waters,
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ali često ove države
imaju vrlo velike dugove
imaju vrlo velike dugove
01:26
but often these nations
have very high debt
have very high debt
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i ne mogu da priušte
da im očuvanje bude prioritet.
da im očuvanje bude prioritet.
01:28
and can't afford
to prioritize conservation.
to prioritize conservation.
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01:31
If we rely on philanthropic dollars alone
to fund marine protection,
to fund marine protection,
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Ako se oslanjamo samo na filantropske
fondove za zaštitu mora,
fondove za zaštitu mora,
01:34
we might get a small
marine-protected area here,
marine-protected area here,
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možda ćemo imati
neku zaštićenu morsku oblast ovde
neku zaštićenu morsku oblast ovde
i još poneku malu oblast onde.
01:36
another little one there.
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01:38
But we need more
marine protected areas faster,
marine protected areas faster,
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Ali treba nam više
zaštićenih morskih oblasti brže
zaštićenih morskih oblasti brže
01:40
to have lasting impact.
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da bi to imalo trajan uticaj.
01:42
So what exactly does
smart ocean conservation look like?
smart ocean conservation look like?
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Pa, kako tačno izgleda
pametno očuvanje okeana?
pametno očuvanje okeana?
01:45
How do we get the money,
government support and careful planning
government support and careful planning
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Kako da dobijemo novac,
podršku vlasti i pažljive planove
podršku vlasti i pažljive planove
01:49
that takes into account
both local economies
both local economies
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koji uzimaju u obzir
kako lokalne ekonomije,
kako lokalne ekonomije,
01:51
and complex ecosystems?
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tako i složene ekosisteme?
01:53
We want to share with you
an audacious idea
an audacious idea
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Hteli bismo da podelimo
sa vama smelu ideju
sa vama smelu ideju
01:56
from The Nature Conservancy.
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organizacije Očuvanje prirode.
01:57
It seeks to address
all of these things in one fell swoop.
all of these things in one fell swoop.
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Ona nastoji da sve ove stvari
reši jednim udarcem.
reši jednim udarcem.
02:00
They've realized that debt held
by island and coastal nations
by island and coastal nations
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Shvatili su da su upravo zaduženja
ostrvskih i priobalnih naroda
ostrvskih i priobalnih naroda
02:03
is the very thing that will enable them
to achieve their conservation goals.
to achieve their conservation goals.
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ono što će im omogućiti
da postignu ciljeve vezane za očuvanje.
da postignu ciljeve vezane za očuvanje.
Ideja organizacije
je da se ovaj dug restrukturiše,
je da se ovaj dug restrukturiše,
02:07
TNC's idea is to restructure this debt,
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02:10
to generate the funds and political will
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da se stvore sredstva i politička volja
02:12
to protect reefs, mangroves and fisheries.
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za zaštitu grebena,
morskog rastinja i ribarstva.
morskog rastinja i ribarstva.
02:15
For example, if you refinance your house
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Na primer, ako refinansirate kuću
02:18
to take advantage
of a better interest rate,
of a better interest rate,
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da biste iskoristili bolju kamatnu stopu,
možda ćete iskoristiti ušteđevinu
da izolujete tavan.
da izolujete tavan.
02:20
maybe you use the savings
to insulate your attic.
to insulate your attic.
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02:22
That's what Blue Bonds for Conservation do
for entire coastal countries.
for entire coastal countries.
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To program Plave obveznice za očuvanje
čini za čitave priobalne zemlje.
čini za čitave priobalne zemlje.
02:26
Refinance the debt,
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Refinansira dug
i zatim koristi ušteđen novac
za stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja.
za stvaranje zaštićenih morskih područja.
02:28
then use the savings
to create marine protected areas.
to create marine protected areas.
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02:31
Of course, sovereign debt restructuring
is more complicated than that,
is more complicated than that,
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Naravno, restrukturiranje državnog duga
je složenije od toga,
je složenije od toga,
02:34
but you get the basic idea.
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ali imate osnovnu predstavu.
02:36
If investors put in
40 million dollars now,
40 million dollars now,
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Ako investitori sada ulože
40 miliona dolara,
40 miliona dolara,
02:38
it can unlock as much as 1.6 billion
for ocean conservation.
for ocean conservation.
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to može dati pristup čak 1,6 milijardi
za očuvanje okeana.
za očuvanje okeana.
02:42
And this is how the work gets done.
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A ovako se taj posao obavlja.
02:44
Step one: negotiate the deal.
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Prvi korak: pregovori o pogodbi.
02:46
A coastal nation commits to protect
at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.
at least 30 percent of its ocean areas.
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Priobalna nacija se obaveže da zaštititi
bar 30 posto svojih okeanskih područja.
bar 30 posto svojih okeanskih područja.
02:50
In exchange, The Nature Conservancy
bring investors, public funders
bring investors, public funders
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Zauzvrat, Očuvanje prirode
dovodi investitore, javne finansijere
dovodi investitore, javne finansijere
02:55
and international
development organizations
development organizations
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i međunarodne razvojne organizacije
za pregovarački sto
za pregovarački sto
02:57
to the table to restructure
a portion of the nation's debt,
a portion of the nation's debt,
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radi restrukturiranja dela državnog duga,
03:00
leading to lower interest rates
and longer repayment periods.
and longer repayment periods.
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što dovodi do nižih kamatnih stopa
i dužih perioda otplate.
i dužih perioda otplate.
03:03
Step two: create a marine plan.
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Drugi korak: stvoriti plan za mora.
03:05
Simultaneously, The Nature Conservancy
works with marine scientists,
works with marine scientists,
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Istovremeno, Očuvanje prirode
sarađuje sa morskim naučnicima,
sarađuje sa morskim naučnicima,
03:09
government leaders and local stakeholders
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liderima iz vlasti i lokalnim akterima
03:11
to create a detailed conservation plan
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na izradi detaljnog plana očuvanja
03:13
that integrates the needs of the ocean
with the needs of the people.
with the needs of the people.
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koji integriše potrebe okeana
sa potrebama ljudi.
sa potrebama ljudi.
03:16
Step three: activate for longevity.
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Treći korak: aktiviranje
u cilju dugovečnosti.
u cilju dugovečnosti.
03:19
TNC establishes an independently run
conservation trust fund.
conservation trust fund.
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Organizacija uspostavlja
nezavisni fond za očuvanje prirode.
nezavisni fond za očuvanje prirode.
Ušteđevina od restrukturiranja duga
03:23
The savings from the debt
restructure goes into it
restructure goes into it
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ulazi u taj fond za podršku
novim zaštićenim morskim područjima.
novim zaštićenim morskim područjima.
03:25
to support new marine protected areas.
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03:27
The trust then holds the government
accountable for its commitments,
accountable for its commitments,
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Ovaj fond potom poziva vlast
na odgovornost prema obavezama,
na odgovornost prema obavezama,
starajući se da Plave obveznice
finansiraju stvarne aktivnosti zaštite.
finansiraju stvarne aktivnosti zaštite.
03:31
ensuring that the Blue Bonds
finance real protection efforts.
finance real protection efforts.
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03:34
Could this plan work?
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Da li bi taj plan mogao da uspe?
03:35
It already has.
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Već je uspeo.
03:37
In 2016, TNC helped create a national
conservation plan in the Seychelles.
conservation plan in the Seychelles.
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Godine 2016, Očuvanje prirode je pomoglo
u stvaranju nacionalnog plana
očuvanja na Sejšelima.
očuvanja na Sejšelima.
03:43
TNC restructured 22 million dollars
of the government's debt.
of the government's debt.
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Očuvanje prirode je restrukturisalo
22 miliona dolara duga vlade.
22 miliona dolara duga vlade.
03:47
And in exchange, the government agreed
to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.
to protect 30 percent of its marine areas.
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Zauzvrat, vlast se složila da zaštiti
30 odsto svojih morskih područja.
30 odsto svojih morskih područja.
03:51
Today, the Seychelles is on track
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Danas su Sejšeli na putu
03:53
to protect 400,000
square kilometers of ocean.
square kilometers of ocean.
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da zaštite 400 000
kvadratnih kilometara okeana.
kvadratnih kilometara okeana.
03:56
That's an area
roughly the size of Germany.
roughly the size of Germany.
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To je otprilike područje veličine Nemačke.
03:58
The Seychelles
is protecting its coral reefs,
is protecting its coral reefs,
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Sejšeli štite svoje koralne grebene,
04:01
it's replenishing its fisheries,
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obnavljaju svoje ribnjake,
04:02
it's improving its resilience
to climate change.
to climate change.
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poboljšavaju svoju otpornost
na klimatske promene.
na klimatske promene.
04:05
At the same time,
it's strengthening its economy.
it's strengthening its economy.
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Istovremeno jačaju svoju ekonomiju.
04:09
This success is making
other governments take note.
other governments take note.
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Ovaj uspeh privlači pažnju drugih vlasti.
04:11
Many want to be part of this.
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Mnoge žele da budu deo ovoga.
04:13
There's an opportunity
to scale this up, dramatically.
to scale this up, dramatically.
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Postoji prilika da se ovo drastično uveća.
04:16
And fast.
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I to brzo.
04:17
TNC has identified 20 more nations
where such a plan should be possible.
where such a plan should be possible.
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Očuvanje prirode je pronašlo
još 20 zemalja gde je takav plan moguć.
još 20 zemalja gde je takav plan moguć.
Ali za izvršenje im treba početni kapital,
04:21
But to execute, they need seed capital.
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kao i da se uspostave lokalni timovi
koji mogu razviti planove očuvanja,
koji mogu razviti planove očuvanja,
04:23
And to put in place local teams
who can develop conservation plans,
who can develop conservation plans,
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04:26
work with all the stakeholders
and structure the deals.
and structure the deals.
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da se sarađuje sa svim učesnicima
i strukturiše dogovor.
i strukturiše dogovor.
04:29
If they get the support they need
over the next five years,
over the next five years,
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Ako dobiju podršku koja im je potrebna
u narednih pet godina,
u narednih pet godina,
mogli bi da zaštite četiri miliona
kvadratnih kilometara okeana.
kvadratnih kilometara okeana.
04:32
they could protect four million
square kilometers of ocean.
square kilometers of ocean.
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04:35
That's 10 Germanies.
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To je 10 Nemački.
04:36
This would increase
the amount of protected areas
the amount of protected areas
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Time bi se povećala
količina zaštićenih područja
količina zaštićenih područja
04:38
in all of the world's oceans
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u svim svetskim okeanima
04:40
by an incredible 15 percent.
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za neverovatnih 15 procenata.
04:42
It would allow vast tracks
of the world's coral reefs to replenish
of the world's coral reefs to replenish
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To bi omogućilo da se obnove
ogromna područja koralnih grebena u svetu
ogromna područja koralnih grebena u svetu
04:45
and give safe harbor to countless species.
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i da se pruži sigurna luka
za bezbroj vrsta.
za bezbroj vrsta.
04:48
This would be truly incredible.
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Ovo bi bilo zaista neverovatno.
04:50
And it's really just the beginning.
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I to je zapravo samo početak.
04:52
Because there aren't
20 countries in the world
20 countries in the world
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Zato što u svetu ne postoji 20 zemalja
gde bi ova vrsta
konverzije duga funkcionisala.
konverzije duga funkcionisala.
04:54
where this kind of debt
conversion would work.
conversion would work.
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Ima ih skoro 100.
04:56
There are almost 100.
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04:57
With this approach, everyone wins.
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Ovim pristupom svi dobijaju.
05:00
Governments, local citizens, funders,
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Vlade, lokalno stanovništvo, finansijeri
05:03
and most importantly, our oceans.
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i, što je najvažnije, naši okeani.
05:05
So in fact, we all win.
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Tako, u stvari, svi pobeđujemo.
05:08
Ah, earth's oceans.
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Ah, okeani na planeti.
05:13
[The Audacious Project]
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[Smeli projekat]
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Tercek - Environmental leaderMark Tercek leads a team committed to tackling the world's biggest environmental challenges -- protecting land and water, addressing climate change, providing food and water sustainably, and building healthy cities.
Why you should listen
Mark Tercek is CEO of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the world's largest conservation organization, and author of the best-seller Nature's Fortune: How Business and Society Thrive by Investing in Nature. After a 24-year career at Goldman Sachs, where he served as a managing director and Partner, Tercek became an "investment banker for nature." He brings deep business experience to his role at TNC, where he leads the organization's efforts to bring together diverse groups to find pragmatic, common-ground solutions to protect nature at scale. He is a champion of the idea of natural capital -- valuing nature for its own sake as well as for the services it provides for people, such as clean air and water, productive soils and a stable climate. Growing up as a city kid in Cleveland, Tercek was a late-bloomer to conservation. It was becoming a parent that sparked his passion for nature. "I want to be able to look my kids in the eye and tell them I did all I could to leave the world a better place," he says.
With support from the Audacious Project at TED, Tercek and his colleagues at TNC are launching a bold plan that could protect 4 million square kilometers of ocean over five years.
Mark Tercek | Speaker | TED.com