ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects.

Why you should listen

In his quest to understand the complexities of congenital heart disease, Bolivian-German physician and inventor Franz Freudenthal creates and produces sophisticated devices aimed at improving the lives of patients, especially children that will carry this device inside their heart for the rest of their lives.

His most heralded invention, the Nit Occlud, closes a hole in the heart or arteries and restores basic heart functionality. Freudenthal works with top scientists and universities from Europe and North and South America; however, his heart is in Bolivia, where he works with a team of engineers and highly skilled laborers and dreams of healthy children.

More profile about the speaker
Franz Freudenthal | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Franz Freudenthal: A new way to heal hearts without surgery

Franz Freudenthal: 一個唔需要做手術就醫好心臟病嘅新方法

Filmed:
1,498,108 views

融合咗醫學發明同山區文化,兒科心臟學家 Franz Freudenthal 幫全球嘅兒童修復心漏病。佢用傳統玻理維亞人嘅織布技巧,製造咗一件儀器。佢話:「如果我哋有夢想,呢個時代最複雜嘅難題都可以用簡單嘅技巧解決。」
- Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
The most complex複雜 problems個問題 in our time
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我哋呢個時代最難嘅問題
00:16
can be solved解決 with simple簡單 techniques技術,
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都可以用簡單嘅技巧解決
00:19
if we are able to dream夢想.
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祗要我哋敢去夢想。
00:22
As a child孩子, I discovered發現
that creativity創造力 is the key關鍵
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我細個已經發現創意
就係實現夢想嘅鎖鑰
00:27
to cross from dreams夢想 to reality現實.
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00:33
I learned this from my grandmother祖母,
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呢樣嘢係我喺嫲嫲嗰度學返嚟
00:35
Dr博士. Ruth露絲 TichauerTichauer,
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佢叫做 Ruth Tichauer 醫生
00:38
a Jewish猶太 refugee難民 that settled解決
in the heart of the Andes安第斯山脈.
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佢係猶太裔難民,後嚟喺
安地斯山脈地區定居
00:43
That is how I grew增長 up:
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我係咁様長大:
00:46
encouraged鼓勵 to see beyond超越 any limitation限制.
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佢鼓勵我看世界,從來無禁止我睇乜嘢
00:50
So part部分 of my education教育
included包括 helping幫手 her
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所以我受嘅教育包括幫佢
00:54
in remote遠程, indigenous communities社區.
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到偏遠嘅土著社區服務
00:57
I cherish珍惜 those memories記憶,
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我好懷念呢啲記憶
01:00
because they helped幫手 me
to understand理解 life outside外面 the city城市,
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因為佢幫助我明白城外嘅世界
01:07
a life with a lot of possibilities可能性,
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嗰度有無限嘅生機
01:10
without barriers障礙, as language語言 or culture文化.
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無語言同文化嘅限制
01:13
During those trips旅行, my grandmother祖母
used to recite背誦 a Kipling吉百龄 poem:
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當時喺旅程之間,嫲嫲成日
唱一首Kipling 嘅詩:
01:18
"Something hidden隱藏. Go and find it.
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「有東西躲起來了。快去找它出來。
01:22
Go and look behind背後 the Mountains.
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到山
01:24
Something lost失去 behind背後 the mountains.
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它在山背滅失了。
01:28
Lost失去 and waiting for you. Go!"
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它滅失了,正等著你。去吧!」
01:33
In the coming years,
I became成為 a medical醫療 student學生.
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後嚟我學醫
01:38
One of every hundred
children孩子 born出生 worldwide全球
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世界上每一百個兒童
01:43
has some kind一種 of heart disease疾病.
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就有一個患咗先天心臟病
01:47
There's a part部分 of this problem個問題
I think I can solve解決 --
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我諗我可以解決部分嘅問題
01:52
the part部分 of this problem個問題
I have spent my life working工作 on.
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我一生都為呢個問題工作
01:59
The problem個問題 starts初時
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呢個問題
02:02
during pregnancy妊娠.
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係從懷孕期開始
02:04
The fetus胎兒 needs需要 to survive生存
inside the mother母親.
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胎兒一定要喺母體活嚟
02:08
Survival生存 depends要睇 on communication通信
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胎兒靠著系統血流
同肺血維繫
02:13
between之間 the systemic系統性
and the pulmonary blood.
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02:16
At the moment時刻 of birth出生,
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喺出世嗰陣
02:19
this communication通信 needs需要 to stop.
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呢種互通必須停止
02:22
If it doesn't close關閉, the baby寶貝
has a hole in the heart.
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如果唔停止,嬰兒嘅心臟就會有個窿
02:27
It is caused造成 by prematurity早產兒
and genetic遺傳 conditions條件.
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呢種情形喺因為早産或者遺傳基因問題
02:32
But what we know today今日
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但係我哋而家知道
02:35
is that a lack缺乏 of oxygen
is also one of the causes原因.
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缺氧都係其中一個原因
02:41
As you can see in the chart圖表,
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喺圖中,你哋可以睇到
02:43
the frequency頻率 of this kind一種 of hole
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病人患心漏病嘅幾率
02:48
dramatically大幅 increases增加 with altitude高度.
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隨著海拔越高越升得多
02:52
Video視頻: (Baby寶貝 crying)
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影片:(嬰兒哭聲)
02:56
When you look at patients患者
with this condition條件,
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可以睇到呢啲病人
02:59
they seem好似 desperate絕望 to breathe呼吸.
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好搏命咁呼吸
03:02
To close關閉 the hole, major主要 surgery手術
used to be the only solution解決方案.
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要封呢嗰窿,以前做
大手術係唯一嘅辦法
03:08
One night, my friend朋友 MalteMalte,
were camping露營 in the Amazon亞馬遜 region一區.
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有一晩,我個朋友 Malte
喺阿馬遜河叢林露營
03:14
The only thing that would not burn燒傷
in the fire was a green綠色 avocado鱷梨 branch分公司.
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我哋生火時,只有綠色嘅
鱷利樹枝唔會燒著
03:21
Then came a moment時刻 of inspiration靈感.
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咁樣觸發咗我啲靈感
03:24
So we used the branch分公司 as a mold模具
for our first invention發明.
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於是我哋用呢啲樹枝
做首個發明嘅模型
03:29
The holes in children's兒童 hearts
can be closed關閉 with it.
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可用佢堵塞兒童心臟嗰啲窿
03:32
A coil線圈 is a piece一塊 of wire
wrapped包裹 onto itself本身.
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呢圈儀器畀一條金屬缐喺上面裹咗
03:37
It maybe doesn't look so fancy看中 to you now,
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可能你哋睇嚟 覺得唔係好靚
03:40
but that was our first successful成功 attempt嘗試
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但,佢係我第一個設計成功嘅儀器
03:44
to create創建 a device裝置 for this major主要 problem個問題.
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為咗解決呢個大難題
03:49
In this video視頻, we can see
how a very tiny catheter導管
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喺呢段影片,我哋可以
見到一條好幼嘅導管
03:52
takes the coil線圈 to the heart.
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點樣將儀器帶到心臟
03:55
The coil線圈 then closes關閉 the hole.
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然後嗰卷儀器點樣堵塞個窿
03:57
After that moment時刻 of inspiration靈感,
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有咗靈感之後
04:00
there came a very long time of effort努力
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我努力咗好耐
04:06
developing發展 a prototype原型.
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製造一個雛形
04:08
In vitro體外 and in vivo體內 studies研究 took
thousands數以千計 of hours小時 of work in the lab實驗室.
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喺實驗室工作咗千個小時
做試管或者活體研究
04:15
The coil線圈, if it works工程, can save lives生活.
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如果硏究成功就能救到好多人
04:20
I returned返回 from Germany德國 to Bolivia玻利維亞,
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我由德國返到玻理維亞
04:22
thinking思維 that wherever無論 we go,
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想到無論我哋去到邊到
04:25
we have the opportunity機會
to make a difference差異.
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都有機會為別人變得更好
04:29
With my wife妻子 and partner拍檔,
Dr博士. Alexandra亚历山德拉 Heath健康,
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我同太太、合伙人
Alexandra Heath 醫生
04:33
we started初時 to see patients患者.
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開始診症
04:35
After successfully成功 treating治療
patients患者 with our coil線圈,
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跟著利用我哋嘅儀器醫好病人
04:39
we felt覺得 really enthusiastic熱情.
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我哋真係好熱心
04:42
But we live in a place地方
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但係我哋住喺
04:46
that is 12,000 feet隻腳 high.
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一處海拔萬二呎高嘅地方
04:51
And,
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仲有
04:54
the patients患者 there need a special特殊 device裝置
to solve解決 their佢哋 heart condition條件.
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嗰度啲病人需要特別嘅儀器治療心臟病
04:59
The hole in altitude高度
patients患者 is different不同,
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呢啲居住喺海拔嘅病人嘅病情有啲唔同
05:02
because the orifice
between之間 the arteries動脈 is larger.
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因為佢哋動脈中間嗰窿大啲
05:06
Most patients患者 cannot唔可以 afford
to be treated治療 on time,
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好多病人無錢睇醫生,唔可以及時診治
最後就病死
05:11
and they die.
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05:13
The first coil線圈 could successfully成功 treat治療
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首次發明嗰個儀器僅可以成功醫好咗
05:17
only half一半 of the patients患者 in Bolivia玻利維亞.
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玻利維亞一半呢類嘅病人
05:23
The search搜尋 started初時 again.
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於是研究又開始
05:26
We went back to the drawing繪圖 board.
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我哋又要從頭嚟過
05:31
After many好多 trials試驗,
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經過好多次試驗
05:33
and with the help of my grandmother's祖母的
indigenous friends朋友 in the mountains,
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同埋得到嫲嫲山區土著嘅朋友幫助
05:38
we obtained獲得 a new新增功能 device裝置.
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我哋造咗一件新儀器
05:40
For centuries世紀, indigenous women婦女
told stories故事 by weaving織造 complex複雜 patterns模式
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過去數百年嚟,土著婦女喺識布嗰陣
一邊織複雜嘅圖案,一邊講古仔
05:46
on looms織機,
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05:48
and an unexpected意外 skill技能
helped幫手 us for the new新增功能 device裝置.
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呢啲以前無諗過嘅技藝
竟然幫我哋製造新儀器
05:53
We take this traditional傳統 method方法 of weaving織造
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我哋利用呢啲傳統嘅織布方法
05:56
and make a design設計 made作出 by a smart material材料
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將一啲好有用嘅物料
06:00
that records記錄 shape形狀.
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做咗個會記録形狀嘅設計
06:03
It seems好似 this time,
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今次呢啲織布技巧
06:05
the weaving織造 allows允許 us
to create創建 a seamless無縫 device裝置
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似乎可以畀我哋做一個完美啲儀器
06:10
that doesn't rust
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佢唔會生銹
06:13
because it's made作出 of only one piece一塊.
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因為佢係一件過做出嚟
06:17
It can change by itself本身
into very complex複雜 structures結構
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製造程序喺經過幾十年嘅硏發出嚟
06:21
by a procedure程序 that took
decades幾十年 to develop發展.
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呢種儀器可以自己變成好精密嘅結構
06:26
As you can see, the device裝置 enters進入 the body身體
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可以見到呢種儀器經過適當嘅渠道
06:29
through透過 the natural自然 channels渠道.
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進入人體
06:32
Doctors醫生 have only to close關閉
the catheter導管 through透過 the hole.
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醫生只要將進入心漏嘅導管關埋
06:36
Our device裝置 expands擴展, places地方 itself本身
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我哋嘅儀器會擴大,然後喺穿窿嘅位
06:38
and closes關閉 the hole.
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封咗個窿
06:42
We have this beautiful delivery交貨 system系統
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我哋呢個精美嘅運輸系統
06:45
that is so simple簡單 to use
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好容易使用
06:47
because it works工程 by itself本身.
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因為佢自動操作
06:50
No open打開 surgery手術 was necessary必要.
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唔需要開心臟手術
06:55
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌聲)
07:04
As doctors醫生, we fight戰鬥 with diseases疾病
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我哋做醫生嘅,要同疾病搏鬥
呢啲疾病需要長時間同精力先好番
07:06
that take a long time
and effort努力 to heal治癒 -- if they do.
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07:11
This is the child孩子 from before,
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呢嗰喺之前睇到嘅兒童
07:14
after the procedure程序.
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經過嗰啲程序之後
07:15
As you can see --
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你可以睇到…
07:17
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌聲)
07:22
As you can see,
once一旦 the device裝置 is in place地方,
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可以見到一旦嗰個儀器去到穿窿嘅位置
07:25
the patient病人 is 100 percent百分比 healed癒合.
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病人一定百分百好番
07:28
From start初時 to finish完成,
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由開始到完成
07:30
the whole整個 procedure程序 takes only 30 minutes分鐘.
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成個程序只係需要半個鐘頭
07:35
That's very rewarding from the medical醫療
and human人類 pointD of view视图.
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從醫學同人類嘅角度嚟講都好有價值
07:40
We are so proud驕傲 that some
of our former patients患者
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我哋對以前嘅一啲病人感到好驕傲
07:47
are part部分 of our team團隊 --
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佢哋係我哋團隊嘅一員
07:50
a team團隊, thanks多謝 to added添加 close關閉 interaction互動
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多得團隊同我哋參與研究嘅病人
07:54
with patients患者 that work with us.
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加強緊密嘅溝通
07:57
Together一起, we have only one idea想法:
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總之,我哋只有一個信念:
08:01
the best最好 solutions解決方案 need to be simple簡單.
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最好的方法就係一定要簡單
08:05
We lost失去 the fear恐懼
of creating創建 something new新增功能.
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我哋與創造新嘢唔再驚
08:09
The path路徑, it's not easy容易.
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雖然路途艱難
08:12
Many好多 obstacles障礙 arise出現 all the time.
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成日困難重重
08:15
But we receive收到 strength強度 from our patients患者.
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但係我哋嘅病人都好支持我哋
08:19
Their佢哋 resilience彈性 and courage勇氣
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佢哋嘅適應能力同勇氣
08:24
inspire激發 our creativity創造力.
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都激發我哋嘅創意
08:27
Our goal目標 is to make sure
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我哋嘅目標
08:30
that no child孩子 is left behind背後,
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唔會放棄任何一個兒童
08:34
not because of cost成本 or access訪問.
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因著經費或者就醫機會嘅問題
08:39
So we have to start初時 a foundation基礎
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於是我哋成立一個基金
08:42
with a one-to-one單對單 model模型.
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以一對一的模式
08:45
We will give one device裝置 for free自由
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仲會免費提供一件儀器
08:49
to make sure that every child孩子 is treated治療.
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等每個兒童都可以接受治療
08:53
We are in many好多 countries國家 now,
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我哋現今已經推展到好多國家
08:56
but we need to be everywhere周圍.
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但我哋需要到世界嗰個角落
09:00
This whole整個 thing began初時
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呢件事就係
源自一個無可能實現嘅念頭
09:03
with one impossible冇可能 idea想法
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09:06
as will continue繼續 it, really:
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而且佢會延續落去,真係㗎:
09:10
No child孩子 is left behind背後.
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唔會放棄任何一個兒童
09:15
MuchasMuchas gracias多謝.
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多謝
09:17
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌聲)
Translated by Wink Wong
Reviewed by Queenie Lee

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Franz Freudenthal - Pediatric cardiologist
With his unique inventions (including a device knitted from threads of high-tech alloy by indigenous craftswomen), Franz Freudenthal saves children from congenital heart defects.

Why you should listen

In his quest to understand the complexities of congenital heart disease, Bolivian-German physician and inventor Franz Freudenthal creates and produces sophisticated devices aimed at improving the lives of patients, especially children that will carry this device inside their heart for the rest of their lives.

His most heralded invention, the Nit Occlud, closes a hole in the heart or arteries and restores basic heart functionality. Freudenthal works with top scientists and universities from Europe and North and South America; however, his heart is in Bolivia, where he works with a team of engineers and highly skilled laborers and dreams of healthy children.

More profile about the speaker
Franz Freudenthal | Speaker | TED.com