TEDxHousesOfParliament
Mark Forsyth: What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak
Mark Forsajt (Mark Forsyth): Šta je to snoligoster? Kratka lekcija o političkom govoru
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
623,708 views
Većina političara vrlo pažljivo bira reči, kako bi oblikovali stvarnost koju žele da stvore. Ali, da li uspevaju u tome? Etimolog Mark Forsajt sa nama deli nekoliko zanimljivih priča o poreklu reči iz britanske i američke istorije (na primer, da li ste se ikada zapitali kako je Džordž Vašington postao "predsednik"?) i daje iznenađujuć zaključak. (sa TEDxHousesofParliament u Londonu)
Mark Forsyth - Writer
Mark Forsyth strolls through the English language, telling stories, making connections and banishing hobgoblins. Full bio
Mark Forsyth strolls through the English language, telling stories, making connections and banishing hobgoblins. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
One of my favorite words in the whole of
0
362
2215
Jedna od mojih omiljenih reči
u okfordskom rečniku
u okfordskom rečniku
00:18
the Oxford English Dictionary is "snollygoster."
1
2577
3561
engleskog jezika je "snollygoster".
00:22
Just because it sounds so good.
2
6138
1421
Zato što zvuči tako dobro.
00:23
And what snollygoster means is
3
7559
1745
Značenje reči snoligoster je
00:25
"a dishonest politician."
4
9304
2855
neiskren političar.
Međutim, postojao je u 19. veku
00:28
Although there was a 19th-century
5
12159
1248
00:29
newspaper editor who defined it rather better when he said,
6
13407
2608
urednik novina koji ju je
definisao još bolje, rekavši:
definisao još bolje, rekavši:
00:31
"A snollygoster is a fellow who seeks office
7
16015
3031
"Snoligoster je osoba koja traži fotelju
00:34
regardless of party, platform or principle,
8
19046
3185
bez obzira na stranku,
ideologiju ili principe,
ideologiju ili principe,
00:38
and who, when he wins,
9
22231
1582
i koja, kada pobedi,
00:39
gets there by the sheer force
10
23813
2149
zadržava mesto pukom snagom
00:41
of monumental talknophical assumnancy."
11
25962
3692
ogromnog ludog filozofiranja."
00:45
(Laughter)
12
29654
1713
(Smeh)
00:47
Now I have no idea what "talknophical" is.
13
31367
1857
Nemam pojma šta znači "talknophical".
00:49
Something to do with words, I assume.
14
33224
1415
Ima veze s rečima, pretpostavljam.
00:50
But it's very important that words are at the center of politics,
15
34639
3036
Ali je veoma važno
da su reči u centru politike,
da su reči u centru politike,
00:53
and all politicians know they have to try and control language.
16
37675
3859
i svi političari znaju da moraju
da kontrolišu jezik.
da kontrolišu jezik.
00:57
It wasn't until, for example, 1771
17
41534
2833
Na primer sve do 1771.
01:00
that the British Parliament allowed newspapers to report
18
44367
4544
britanski parlament nije dozvoljavao
novinama da prenesu
novinama da prenesu
01:04
the exact words that were said in the debating chamber.
19
48911
3194
tačne reči koje su izgovorene
u debatnoj sali.
u debatnoj sali.
01:08
And this was actually all down to the bravery
20
52105
2429
I sve se svodilo na hrabrost
01:10
of a guy with the extraordinary name of Brass Crosby,
21
54534
3331
čoveka neobičnog imena, Bras Krozbi,
01:13
who took on Parliament.
22
57865
1902
koji se suprotstavio Parlamentu.
01:15
And he was thrown into the Tower of London
23
59767
1943
I bio je bačen u tamnicu Londonske kule
01:17
and imprisoned,
24
61710
1257
i zatočen,
01:18
but he was brave enough,
25
62967
2832
ali je bio dovoljno hrabar,
01:21
he was brave enough to take them on,
26
65799
2528
dovoljno hrabar da im se suprotstavi,
01:24
and in the end he had such popular support in London that he won.
27
68327
2744
i na kraju, imao je toliku podršku
građana Londona da je pobedio.
građana Londona da je pobedio.
01:26
And it was only a few years later
28
71071
2504
Nekoliko godina kasnije,
01:29
that we have the first recorded use of the phrase
29
73575
2384
imamo prvu zabeleženu upotrebu fraze
01:31
"as bold as brass."
30
75959
2712
"hrabar kao mesing (bras)"
01:34
Most people think that's down to the metal.
31
78671
1936
Većina ljudi misli da se radi o metalu.
01:36
It's not. It's down to a campaigner
32
80607
1968
Ali to nije tačno.
Radi se o borcu za slobodu štampe.
01:38
for the freedom of the press.
33
82575
2976
01:41
But to really show you how
34
85551
1576
Kako bih vam zaista pokazao
01:43
words and politics interact,
35
87127
2552
kako međusobno deluju reči i politika,
01:45
I want to take you back to the United States of America,
36
89679
2600
želim da vas odvedem natrag u SAD
01:48
just after they'd achieved independence.
37
92279
2479
nakon dobijanja nezavisnosti.
01:50
And they had to face the question
38
94758
1977
Morali su da se suoče sa pitanjem
01:52
of what to call George Washington, their leader.
39
96735
2896
kako zvati Džordža Vašingtona,
njihovog vođu.
njihovog vođu.
01:55
They didn't know.
40
99631
1359
Nisu znali.
01:56
What do you call the leader of a republican country?
41
100990
2879
Kako zvati vođu republikanske države?
01:59
And this was debated in Congress for ages and ages.
42
103869
3235
O ovome se dugo vodila debata u Kongresu.
02:03
And there were all sorts of suggestions on the table,
43
107104
2368
I bilo je raznoraznih predloga u igri,
02:05
which might have made it.
44
109472
1457
koji su mogli biti prihvaćeni.
02:06
I mean, some people wanted him to be called
45
110929
1629
Neki su želeli da ga zovu
02:08
Chief Magistrate Washington,
46
112558
2449
Glavni magistrat Vašington,
02:10
and other people, His Highness George Washington,
47
115007
2450
a drugi, Njegovo visočanstvo
Džordž Vašington,
Džordž Vašington,
02:13
and other people, Protector of the Liberties of the People of the United States of America Washington.
48
117457
7029
a neki, Zaštitnik
sloboda naroda SAD Vašington.
sloboda naroda SAD Vašington.
02:20
Not that catchy.
49
124486
1578
Nije tako zvučno.
02:21
Some people just wanted to call him King.
50
126064
2535
Neki ljudi su prosto želeli
da ga zovu kraljem.
da ga zovu kraljem.
Mislili su da se to pokazalo dobrim.
02:24
They thought it was tried and tested.
51
128599
1496
02:25
And they weren't even being monarchical there,
52
130095
1496
To čak nije bilo monarhijski,
02:27
they had the idea that you could be elected King
53
131591
1834
mislili su da možete biti
02:29
for a fixed term.
54
133425
1790
izabrani za kralja na određeno vreme.
02:31
And, you know, it could have worked.
55
135215
1529
Da znate, moglo je da upali.
02:32
And everybody got insanely bored, actually,
56
136744
2583
Svi su poludeli od dosade, zapravo,
jer je ova rasprava trajala tri nedelje.
02:35
because this debate went on for three weeks.
57
139327
1880
Čitao sam dnevnik jednog jadnog senatora,
02:37
I read a diary of this poor senator,
58
141207
1648
02:38
who just keeps coming back, "Still on this subject."
59
142855
2519
koji je sve vreme ponavljao:
"Još uvek ista tema."
"Još uvek ista tema."
02:41
And the reason for the delay and the boredom was that
60
145374
2993
A razlog odlaganja i dosade je taj
02:44
the House of Representatives were against the Senate.
61
148367
2992
da je Predstavnički dom bio protiv Senata.
02:47
The House of Representatives didn't want Washington
62
151359
3265
Predstavnički dom nije želeo da Vašingtona
02:50
to get drunk on power.
63
154624
1689
obuzme moć.
Nisu želeli da ga zovu kraljem
02:52
They didn't want to call him King
64
156313
1077
02:53
in case that gave him ideas, or his successor ideas.
65
157390
3169
za slučaj da njemu ili njegovim
naslednicima nešto padne napamet.
naslednicima nešto padne napamet.
02:56
So they wanted to give him the humblest, meagerest,
66
160559
3185
Te su hteli da mu daju
najponizniju, najoskudniju,
najponizniju, najoskudniju,
02:59
most pathetic title that they could think of.
67
163744
2887
najpatetičniju titulu
koju su mogli da smisle.
koju su mogli da smisle.
03:02
And that title was "President."
68
166631
6393
I ta titula je bila "predsednik".
03:08
President. They didn't invent the title. I mean, it existed before,
69
173024
2806
Predsednik. Nisu izmislili titulu,
ona je već postojala,
ona je već postojala,
03:11
but it just meant somebody who presides over a meeting.
70
175830
3097
ali je označavala nekog
ko predsedava sastankom.
ko predsedava sastankom.
03:14
It was like the foreman of the jury.
71
178927
2017
Nešto kao glavni sudija.
A nije ni imala veću grandioznost
03:16
And it didn't have much more grandeur
72
180944
1490
03:18
than the term "foreman" or "overseer."
73
182434
2173
od termina "glavni" ili "nadležni".
03:20
There were occasional presidents of little colonial councils
74
184607
2666
Postojali su retki predsednici
malih kolonijalnih saveta
malih kolonijalnih saveta
03:23
and bits of government, but it was really a nothing title.
75
187273
3406
i delova vlasti, ali zapravo
nije bila nikakva titula.
nije bila nikakva titula.
03:26
And that's why the Senate objected to it.
76
190679
1945
Zato se Senat pobunio protiv toga.
03:28
They said, that's ridiculous, you can't call him President.
77
192624
3800
Rekli su: "To je smešno,
ne možete ga zvati predsednikom!"
ne možete ga zvati predsednikom!"
"Ovaj čovek treba da potpisuje sporazume
i sastaje se stranim velikodostojnicima."
i sastaje se stranim velikodostojnicima."
03:32
This guy has to go and sign treaties and meet foreign dignitaries.
78
196424
3351
03:35
And who's going to take him seriously
79
199775
1839
I ko će ga shvatiti ozbiljno
03:37
if he's got a silly little title
80
201614
1810
ako ima malu smešnu titulu
03:39
like President of the United States of America?
81
203424
4095
kao što je predsednik SAD?
03:43
And after three weeks of debate, in the end
82
207519
3816
Posle tronedeljne rasprave, na kraju
03:47
the Senate did not cave in.
83
211335
3708
Senat nije popustio.
03:50
Instead, they agreed to use the title "President" for now,
84
215043
5207
Umesto toga, pristali su da koriste
titulu presednika, za sada,
titulu presednika, za sada,
03:56
but they also wanted it absolutely set down
85
220250
3432
ali su želeli da se zabeleži
03:59
that they didn't agree with it
86
223682
2828
da se ne slažu sa tim
04:02
from a decent respect for the opinions and practice of civilized nations,
87
226510
5730
iz dužnog poštovanja prema mišljenjima
i običajima civilizovanih nacija,
i običajima civilizovanih nacija,
04:08
whether under republican or monarchical forms of government,
88
232240
3791
bilo da su republike
ili monarhije po uređenju,
ili monarhije po uređenju,
04:11
whose custom it is to annex,
89
236031
1909
čiji je običaj prihvatanje,
04:13
through the office of the Chief Magistrate, titles of respectability --
90
237940
4329
kroz kancelariju Glavnog magistrata,
titule za poštovanje,
titule za poštovanje,
04:18
not bloody President --
91
242269
2150
a ne prokleti predsednik,
04:20
and that in the intercourse with foreign nations,
92
244419
3709
i da u saradnji sa stranim državama,
04:24
the majesty of the people of the United States
93
248128
4043
visočanstvo naroda SAD
04:28
may not be hazarded by an appearance of singularity,
94
252171
3658
neće biti izloženo riziku
zbog izgleda jednostavnosti,
zbog izgleda jednostavnosti,
04:31
i.e., we don't want to look like bloody weirdos.
95
255829
3760
tj. ne želimo da izgledamo
kao prokleti čudaci.
kao prokleti čudaci.
04:35
Now you can learn three interesting things from this.
96
259589
3142
Iz ovoga možete saznati
tri zanimljive stvari.
tri zanimljive stvari.
04:38
First of all -- and this is my favorite --
97
262731
2378
Pre svega, i ovo mi je omiljeno,
04:41
is that so far as I've ever been able to find out,
98
265109
2440
je da, koliko sam bio
u mogućnosti da saznam,
u mogućnosti da saznam,
04:43
the Senate has never formally endorsed the title of President.
99
267549
5311
Senat nikada nije formalno
prihvatio titulu predsednika.
prihvatio titulu predsednika.
04:48
Barack Obama, President Obama, is there on borrowed time,
100
272860
3071
Barak Obama, predsednik Obama,
je tu na određeno vreme
je tu na određeno vreme
04:51
just waiting for the Senate to spring into action.
101
275931
3863
čekajući da se Senat baci na posao.
04:55
Second thing you can learn is that
102
279794
1872
Druga stvar koju možete naučite je da
04:57
when a government says that this is a temporary measure --
103
281666
2519
kada vlada kaže da je nešto
privremena mera -
privremena mera -
05:00
(Laughter) --
104
284185
3358
(Smeh)
05:03
you can still be waiting 223 years later.
105
287543
4865
još uvek možete čekati i posle 223 godine.
05:08
But the third thing you can learn,
106
292408
1480
A treća stvar koju možete saznati,
05:09
and this is the really important one,
107
293888
1448
i ovo mi je vrlo važno,
05:11
this is the point I want to leave you on,
108
295336
1761
ovo je poenta s kojom želim da završim,
05:12
is that the title, President of the United States of America,
109
297097
4738
je da titula presednika
Sjedinjenih Američkih Država
Sjedinjenih Američkih Država
05:17
doesn't sound that humble at all these days, does it?
110
301835
4324
ne zvuči tako skromno ovih dana, zar ne?
05:22
Something to do with the slightly over 5,000
111
306159
3013
Ima neke veze s nešto preko 5.000
05:25
nuclear warheads he has at his disposal
112
309172
2268
nuklearnih bojnih glava
koje ima na raspolaganju
koje ima na raspolaganju
05:27
and the largest economy in the world
113
311440
2249
i najvećom ekonomijom na svetu,
05:29
and a fleet of drones and all that sort of stuff.
114
313689
3709
flotom dronova i sličnim stvarima.
05:33
Reality and history have endowed that title with grandeur.
115
317398
6843
Stvarnost i istorija su obogatili
tu titulu grandioznošću.
tu titulu grandioznošću.
05:40
And so the Senate won in the end.
116
324241
1832
Tako da je na kraju pobedio Senat.
05:41
They got their title of respectability.
117
326073
2512
Dobili su svoju titulu za poštovanje.
05:44
And also, the Senate's other worry, the appearance of singularity --
118
328585
3328
Takođe, druga briga Senata,
pojava jednostavnosti,
pojava jednostavnosti,
05:47
well, it was a singularity back then.
119
331913
2039
pa, tada je bila jedinstvena.
05:49
But now, do you know how many nations have a president?
120
333952
2619
A sada, znate li koliko nacija
ima predsednika?
ima predsednika?
05:52
A hundred and forty-seven.
121
336571
2598
Sto četrdeset i sedam.
I sve to zato što žele da zvuče kao
05:55
All because they want to sound like
122
339169
1664
05:56
the guy who's got the 5,000 nuclear warheads, etc.
123
340833
4840
čovek koji ima 5.000
nuklearnih bojnih glava, itd.
nuklearnih bojnih glava, itd.
06:01
And so, in the end, the Senate won
124
345673
2584
Dakle, na kraju je Senat pobedio,
06:04
and the House of Representatives lost,
125
348257
3992
a Predstavnički dom izgubio,
06:08
because nobody's going to feel that humble
126
352249
2416
jer niko se neće osećati tako skromno
06:10
when they're told that they are now
127
354665
1632
kada mu budu rekli da je sada
06:12
the President of the United States of America.
128
356297
4584
predsednik Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.
06:16
And that's the important lesson I think you can take away,
129
360881
2392
I to je važna lekcija
koju danas možete naučiti,
koju danas možete naučiti,
i ona s kojom želim da vas ostavim.
06:19
and the one I want to leave you with.
130
363273
1544
06:20
Politicians try to pick words and use words to shape reality
131
364817
3064
Političari biraju reči i koriste ih
da oblikuju stvarnost,
da oblikuju stvarnost,
06:23
and control reality, but in fact,
132
367881
3451
da kontrolišu stvarnost, ali u stvari,
06:27
reality changes words far more
133
371332
2621
stvarnost menja reči mnogo više
06:29
than words can ever change reality.
134
373953
2583
nego što reči mogu da promene stvarnost.
06:32
Thank you very much.
135
376536
1680
Hvala vam mnogo.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mark Forsyth - WriterMark Forsyth strolls through the English language, telling stories, making connections and banishing hobgoblins.
Why you should listen
Mark Forsyth is a passionate, self-described pedant when it comes to the English language -- but his detailed knowledge of history has given him a common-sense approach to its "proper" use. He is an author, blogger, journalist, proofreader and ghostwriter. He can be found dispelling the grammar myths we were all taught in his popular blog, the Inky Fool. His book The Etymologicon takes "a circular stroll through the hidden connections of the English language" by history of one word or phrase with each chapter.
Mark Forsyth | Speaker | TED.com