ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Zachary R. Wood - Crusader for dialogue
As the head of a student group called Uncomfortable Learning, Zachary R. Wood made a point of engaging in conversation with people he disagreed with.

Why you should listen

Zachary R. Wood wants to encourage open conversations about hard topics. He is a Robert L. Bartley Fellow at The Wall Street Journal and a class of 2018 graduate of Williams College, where he served as president of Uncomfortable Learning, a student group that sparked national controversy for inviting provocative speakers to campus, from John Derbyshire to Charles Murray. Wood's defense of such conversations led him to give Senate testimony in the summer of 2017.

His recent writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, The Nation, The Weekly Standard, Times Higher Education, Inside Higher Ed, Jet and SLAM Magazine. In 2018, he'll publish Uncensored, a book that tells his own personal story to enrich and deepen his work as an advocate for difficult conversations. You can reach him at zachwood2448@gmail.com.

More profile about the speaker
Zachary R. Wood | Speaker | TED.com
TED2018

Zachary R. Wood: Why it's worth listening to people you disagree with

扎卡里·R·伍德: 为什么持有不同意见的人值得被聆听

Filmed:
3,445,526 views

扎卡里·R·伍德说,通过接触相反的观点和持有不同观点的人,会使我们变得更强大 ,而不是更脆弱。 在这个关于寻找共同基础的重要演讲中,伍德通过巧妙而深思熟虑地运用不熟悉和有争议的观点,我们就能够获得理解和建立共鸣。 伍德说:“ 压制反对意见并不能使之消失。为了要在逆境中有所突破,我们需要致力于对人性更深入的了解。”
- Crusader for dialogue
As the head of a student group called Uncomfortable Learning, Zachary R. Wood made a point of engaging in conversation with people he disagreed with. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:14
In 1994,
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1994年,
00:15
Charles查尔斯 Murray穆雷 and Richard理查德 HerrnsteinHerrnstein
coauthored合着 "The Bell Curve曲线,"
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查尔斯‧默里与理查德‧赫恩斯坦
合著了《 钟形曲线 》,
一本非常具有争议性的书,
00:20
an extremely非常 controversial争论的 book
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书中声称,平均来说,
00:22
which哪一个 claims索赔 that on average平均,
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00:24
some races比赛 are smarter聪明
and more likely容易 to succeed成功 than others其他.
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有些种族比其他种族更聪明,
更容易取得成功。
00:28
Murray穆雷 and HerrnsteinHerrnstein also suggest建议
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默里和赫恩斯坦也提出,
00:30
that a lack缺乏 of critical危急 intelligence情报
explains说明 the prominence突出物 of violent暴力 crime犯罪
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缺乏批判性的智慧,
是贫穷的非裔美国人社区中的
00:35
in poor较差的 African-American非裔美国人 communities社区.
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暴力犯罪频繁发生的根源。
00:39
But Charles查尔斯 Murray穆雷 and Richard理查德 HerrnsteinHerrnstein
are not the only people who think this.
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他们并不是唯一持有这种想法的人。
00:43
In 2012,
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2012 年,
00:45
a writer作家, journalist记者 and political政治
commentator评论员 named命名 John约翰 Derbyshire德比郡
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身兼作家、记者和
政治评论员的约翰‧德比希尔,
00:49
wrote an article文章 that was supposed应该 to be
a non-black非黑 version of the talk
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写了一篇原本面向
非黑人族群的文章,
00:54
that many许多 black黑色 parents父母 feel
they have to give their kids孩子 today今天:
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而如今,该文章也成为
黑人父母建议孩子们
00:57
advice忠告 on how to stay safe安全.
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如何保证自身安全的忠告。
01:00
In it, he offered提供 suggestions建议 such这样 as:
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在文章中,他提出了如下建议:
“不要参加可能会
吸引很多黑人的活动 ”,
01:03
"Do not attend出席 events事件
likely容易 to draw a lot of blacks黑人,"
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01:07
"Stay out of heavily严重 black黑色 neighborhoods社区"
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“ 远离有大量黑人的社区 ”,
和“别太乐善好施,
主动帮助困境中的黑人”。
01:09
and "Do not act法案 the Good Samaritan撒玛利亚
to blacks黑人 in distress苦难."
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01:13
And yet然而, in 2016,
I invited邀请 John约翰 Derbyshire德比郡
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而在 2016 年,我邀请了约翰‧德比希尔,
还有查尔斯‧默里
01:18
as well as Charles查尔斯 Murray穆雷
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01:19
to speak说话 at my school学校,
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来我的学校演讲,
01:21
knowing会心 full充分 well that I would
be giving them a platform平台 and attention注意
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他们完全清楚,我会提供
他们一个平台和关注度,
01:26
for ideas思路 that I despised鄙视 and rejected拒绝.
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去表达他们那些令我
鄙视和排斥的想法。
01:30
But this is just a further进一步 evolution演化
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这只是令人不舒服的
人生成长之旅的一个新篇章。
01:33
of a journey旅程 of uncomfortable不舒服 learning学习
throughout始终 my life.
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01:37
When I was 10 years年份 old, my mother母亲
was diagnosed确诊 with schizophrenia精神分裂症,
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我10岁时,母亲
被诊断患有精神分裂症,
01:42
a mental心理 illness疾病 characterized特征
by mood心情 swings波动 and paranoid偏执 delusions妄想.
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一种以情绪波动和
偏执妄想为特征的精神疾病。
01:47
Throughout始终 my life, my mother's母亲 rage愤怒
would turn our small house
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在我的整个生活中,
母亲的愤怒会让我们的小房子
01:51
into a minefield雷区.
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变成一个雷区。
01:54
Yet然而, though虽然 I feared害怕
her rage愤怒 on a daily日常 basis基础,
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尽管我每天都在恐惧她的愤怒,
01:57
I also learned学到了 so much from her.
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但也从她那里学到了很多东西。
02:00
Our relationship关系 was complicated复杂
and challenging具有挑战性的,
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我们的关系既复杂又富挑战性,
02:05
and at the age年龄 of 14, it was decided决定
that I needed需要 to live生活 apart距离 from her.
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在14岁时,我决定离开她独自生活。
02:12
But over the years年份,
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但这些年来,
02:13
I've come to appreciate欣赏
some of the important重要 lessons教训
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我变得开始感激母亲给予
我的关于人生的教训。
02:16
my mother母亲 taught me about life.
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02:18
She was the first person who spoke to me
about learning学习 from the other side.
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她是第一个教我
从对立方那里学习的人。
02:24
And she, like me, was born天生 and raised上调
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和我一样,她出生并长大在
02:27
in a family家庭 of committed提交
liberal自由主义的 democrats民主党人.
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一个自由的民主党家庭之中。
02:30
Yet然而, she encouraged鼓励 me to see the world世界
and the issues问题 our world世界 faces面孔
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她鼓励我去认识到
02:34
as complex复杂, controversial争论的
and ever-changing日新月异.
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世界是复杂的,
充满争议和不断变化的。
02:40
One day, I came来了 across横过
the phrase短语 "affirmative肯定 action行动"
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有一天,我在一本书中看到了
02:42
in a book I was reading.
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“平权运动 ”一词。
02:45
And when I asked her what the term术语 meant意味着,
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当我问她是什么意思时,
02:48
she spent花费 what felt like an hour小时
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她居然花了一小时
做出了一个彻底的,
深思熟虑的解释,
02:50
giving me a thorough彻底
and thoughtful周到 explanation说明
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而且对一个小孩来说并不难理解。
02:52
that would make sense to a small child儿童.
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02:54
She even made制作 the topic话题 sound声音
at least最小 as interesting有趣
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她甚至让这个话题听起来很有趣,
不亚于学校教授的讲解。
02:58
as any of my professors教授 have.
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03:01
She explained解释 the many许多 reasons原因
why people of various各个 political政治 views意见
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她解释了持有不同政治观点的
人们挑战和支持
平权运动的各种原因,
03:05
challenge挑战 and support支持 affirmative肯定 action行动,
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她强调自己强烈支持平权运动,
03:07
stressing强调 that, while she strongly非常
supported支持的 it herself她自己,
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意识到这个具有争议的问题
对我来说是很重要的,
03:11
it was important重要 for me to view视图 the issue问题
as a controversial争论的 one
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03:15
with a long history历史,
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它有着悠久的历史,
03:17
a questionable可疑的 future未来
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充满疑点未来,
03:19
and a host主办 of complicating并发 factors因素.
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和一系列复杂的因素。
03:22
While affirmative肯定 action行动 can increase增加
the presence存在 of minorities少数民族
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平权运动可以增加少数族裔
03:26
at elite原种 educational教育性 institutions机构,
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在精英教育机构学习的机会,
03:28
she felt that it could also disadvantage坏处
hardworking用功 people of different不同 races比赛
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也可能不利于来自富裕家庭的
那些努力学习的
不同族裔的人。
03:33
from more affluent富裕的 backgrounds背景.
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03:37
My mom妈妈 wanted me to understand理解
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妈妈想让我明白
03:41
that I should never
just write off opinions意见
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绝不该简单忽视
不喜欢或不赞同的意见,
03:43
that I disagreed不同意 with or disliked不喜欢的,
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03:46
because there was always something
to learn学习 from the perspectives观点 of others其他,
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因为站在别人的角度,
总能学到新的东西,
03:50
even when doing so might威力 be difficult.
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尽管很难做到这一点。
03:53
But life at home with my mom妈妈
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单与妈妈在家的生活
03:56
was not the only aspect方面 of my journey旅程
that has been formative形成性 and uncomfortable不舒服.
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并不是我人生旅途中的唯一
塑造性的,让我感到不适的方面。
04:01
In fourth第四 grade年级, she decided决定
that I should attend出席 a private私人的 school学校
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四年级时,她决定要我上私立学校,
04:05
in order订购 to receive接收
the best最好 education教育 possible可能.
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以尽可能接受更好的教育。
04:08
As a black黑色 student学生 attending出席
predominantly主要 white白色 private私人的 schools学校,
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作为就读于以白人为主的
私立学校中的黑人学生,
04:12
I've encountered遇到 attitudes态度 and behaviors行为
that reflected反射的 racial种族 stereotypes定型.
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我遇到了带有种族偏见的
态度和行为。
04:17
Several一些 of my friends'朋友 parents父母
assumed假定 within minutes分钟 of meeting会议 me
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学校里几位朋友的父母
在见到我几分钟之后就认定
04:21
that my best最好 skill技能 was playing播放 basketball篮球.
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我最好的本领只是打篮球。
04:25
And it really upset烦乱 me to think
that my race种族 made制作 it harder更难 for them
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让我不安的是,
种族偏见使他们很难
把我看作是一个喜爱
阅读,写作和演讲的学生。
04:28
to see me as a student学生 who loved喜爱
reading, writing写作 and speaking请讲.
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04:32
Experiences经验 like this motivated动机 me
to work tirelessly孜孜不倦地
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像这样的经历,
激励着我孜孜不倦地工作,
04:38
to disprove驳斥 what I knew知道
people had assumed假定.
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来反驳对我错误的假设。
04:42
My mother母亲 even said that,
in order订购 to put my best最好 foot脚丫子 forward前锋,
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母亲甚至说,如果想要
给人留下良好的印象,
04:46
I had to be patient患者, alert警报
and excruciatingly难以忍受 well-mannered彬彬有礼.
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我必须耐心,警惕,
而且要异常的彬彬有礼。
04:50
To prove证明 that I belonged属于,
I had to show显示 poise平衡 and confidence置信度,
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为了证明我的能力,
我必须表现出平和与自信,
有较强的表达能力,并善于倾听。
04:54
the ability能力 to speak说话 well
and listen closely密切.
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04:57
Only then would my peers同行 see
that I deserved应得 to be there
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只有到那时,我的同龄人才会看到
我与他们并没有分别。
05:00
as much as they did.
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05:02
Despite尽管 this racial种族 stereotyping定型
and the discomfort不舒服 I often经常 felt,
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尽管我经常感到种族偏见
和对环境的不适应,
05:07
the learning学习 I gained获得 from other aspects方面
of being存在 at an elite原种 private私人的 school学校
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但我却从私立精英学校的
其他方面学到了
05:11
were incredibly令人难以置信 valuable有价值.
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非常有价值的东西。
05:14
I was encouraged鼓励 by my teachers教师
to explore探索 my curiosity好奇心,
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老师鼓励我开发内在的好奇心,
05:18
to challenge挑战 myself in new ways方法
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以新的方式挑战自己,
05:20
and to deepen深化 my understanding理解
of subjects主题 that fascinated入迷 me the most.
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努力探究令我着迷的主题。
05:26
And going to college学院 was the next下一个 step.
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下一步是大学。
05:30
I was excited兴奋 to take my intellectual知识分子
drive驾驶 and interest利益 in the world世界 of ideas思路
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我很高兴能够把对待
各种想法的动力和兴趣
带到更高的层次。
05:33
to the next下一个 level水平.
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05:35
I was eager急于 to engage从事 in lively活泼 debate辩论
with peers同行 and professors教授
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我很渴望能与同学,教授
和外部发言人
进行热烈的辩论;
05:40
and with outside speakers音箱;
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05:42
to listen, to learn学习 and gain获得
a deeper更深 understanding理解 of myself
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倾听、学习并对自己和其他人
有更深入的理解。
05:46
and of others其他.
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05:48
While I was fortunate幸运 to meet遇到
peers同行 and professors教授
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虽然我有幸遇到了有相同兴趣的
05:51
who were interested有兴趣
in doing the same相同 thing,
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同学和教授,
05:54
my desire欲望 to engage从事 with difficult ideas思路
was also met会见 with resistance抵抗性.
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我渴望参与争议性课题的
渴望却遭遇了阻力。
06:00
To prepare准备 myself to engage从事
with controversy争议 in the real真实 world世界,
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为了准备在现实世界中
与争议进行对抗,
06:05
I joined加盟 a group that brought
controversial争论的 speakers音箱 to campus校园.
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我加入了一个将有争议的
演讲人带入校园的小组。
06:09
But many许多 people fiercely激烈
opposed反对 this group,
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但很多人强烈的反对这个团体,
06:12
and I received收到 significant重大 pushback推回
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我遇到了来自学生,教师和
06:14
from students学生们, faculty学院
and my administration行政.
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校方行政部门方面的巨大阻力。
06:20
For many许多, it was difficult to see
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对很多人来说,遇到冲突时,
06:23
how bringing使 controversial争论的
speakers音箱 to campus校园 could be valuable有价值,
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很难认识到将有争议的
演讲者带进校园,
06:26
when they caused造成 harm危害.
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其实是利大于弊。
06:28
And it was disappointing令人失望 to me
facing面对 personal个人 attacks攻击,
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当面对个人攻击,
06:32
having my administration行政 cancel取消 speakers音箱
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当校方取消了对演讲人的邀请,
06:34
and hearing听力 my intentions意图
distorted扭曲 by those around me.
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当我的意图被周围的人扭曲,
这一切都让我倍感失望。
我明白自己做的事情
06:39
My work also hurt伤害 the feelings情怀 of many许多,
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06:42
and I understood了解 that.
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伤害了很多人的感受。
06:45
Of course课程, no one likes喜欢 being存在 offended生气,
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当然,没有人喜欢被冒犯,
06:47
and I certainly当然 don't like hearing听力
controversial争论的 speakers音箱
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我当然也不喜欢听到
有争议的演讲者
06:50
argue争论 that feminism女权主义 has become成为
a war战争 against反对 men男人
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认为女性主义是一场对男性的战争,
06:54
or that blacks黑人 have lower降低 IQs智商 than whites白人.
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或者黑人的智商比白人低。
06:57
I also understand理解
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我也明白
06:59
that some people have experienced有经验的
traumatic创伤 experiences经验 in their lives生活.
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有些人在生活中经历了巨大的创伤。
07:05
And for some, listening to offensive进攻 views意见
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听到这些冒犯的观点,
07:08
can be like reliving重温 the very traumas创伤
that they've他们已经 worked工作 so hard to overcome克服.
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就如同重温曾经努力克服的创伤。
07:13
Many许多 argue争论 that by giving
these people a platform平台,
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许多人认为给极具争议的人
提供平台来发声,
07:16
you're doing more harm危害 than good,
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是弊大于利的,
07:18
and I'm reminded提醒 of this every一切 time
I listen to these points of view视图
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但每次我听到这样的提醒,
07:22
and feel my stomach turn.
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都感到很痛心。
07:25
Yet然而, tuning调音 out opposing反对 viewpoints观点
doesn't make them go away,
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压制反对观点并不会让意见消失,
因为它们背后仍有数百万的支持者。
07:28
because millions百万 of people
agree同意 with them.
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07:31
In order订购 to understand理解
the potential潜在 of society社会
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为了了解社会向前
迈进的潜力,
07:33
to progress进展 forward前锋,
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07:35
we need to understand理解 the counterforces反作用力.
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我们需要了解反面的力量。
07:39
By engaging with controversial争论的
and offensive进攻 ideas思路,
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通过参与带有争议和冒犯的想法,
07:43
I believe that we can find common共同 ground地面,
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我相信我们可以找到共同的基础,
07:46
if not with the speakers音箱 themselves他们自己,
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如果不来自演讲者本身,
就会来自被他们所吸引
或感化的观众。
07:49
then with the audiences观众
they may可能 attract吸引 or indoctrinate灌输.
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07:53
Through通过 engaging, I believe
that we may可能 reach达到 a better understanding理解,
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通过积极参与,我相信我们
彼此间可以达成更好的理解,
07:58
a deeper更深 understanding理解,
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更深入地了解
各自的信仰,
08:00
of our own拥有 beliefs信仰
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08:01
and preserve保留 the ability能力
to solve解决 problems问题,
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并保留解决问题的能力,
08:05
which哪一个 we can't do
if we don't talk to each other
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如果我们彼此间不能坦诚交流,
08:08
and make an effort功夫 to be good listeners听众.
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不能耐心地倾听他人,
就没法做到这一点。
08:12
But soon不久 after I announced公布
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但在我宣布约翰‧德比希尔
08:13
that John约翰 Derbyshire德比郡
would be speaking请讲 on campus校园,
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将在校园发表演讲后不久,
社交媒体上就出现了
08:16
student学生 backlash反弹 erupted爆发 on social社会 media媒体.
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学生们铺天盖地的反对之声。
08:19
The tide浪潮 of resistance抵抗性,
in fact事实, was so intense激烈,
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抵制的情绪如此激烈,
08:22
that my college学院 president主席
rescinded撤销 the invitation请帖.
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我们大学的校长不得不
取消了这次邀请。
08:25
I was deeply disappointed失望 by this
because, as I saw it,
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我为此深感失望,因为这样一来,
08:28
there would be nothing
that any of my peers同行 or I could do
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我和我的任何同学都无法做到
08:32
to silence安静 someone有人 who agreed同意 with him
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在未来的工作环境中
08:34
in the office办公室 environment环境
of our future未来 employers雇主.
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让赞同他的人保持沉默。
08:38
I look out at what's happening事件
on college学院 campuses校园,
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我在大学校园发生的事情中
08:41
and I see the anger愤怒.
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看到了愤怒。
08:42
And I get it.
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我非常理解。
08:44
But what I wish希望 I could tell people
is that it's worth价值 the discomfort不舒服,
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但我希望告诉人们的是,
这种令人不适的体验是值得的,
08:48
it's worth价值 listening,
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去聆听是有意义的,
08:49
and that we're stronger,
not weaker较弱, because of it.
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这样并不会削弱我们的力量,
反而会让我们更强大。
08:54
When I think about my experiences经验
with uncomfortable不舒服 learning学习,
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当我想到过去那些
不愉快的学习经历时,
08:59
and I reflect反映 upon them,
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我认真进行了反思,
09:02
I've found发现 that it's been very difficult
to change更改 the values
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发现要改变自己身处的知识界
存在的偏见,是非常困难的。
09:06
of the intellectual知识分子 community社区
that I've been a part部分 of.
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09:10
But I do feel a sense of hope希望
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但我感到还有希望,
09:12
when I think about the individual个人
interactions互动 that I've been able能够 to have
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当我想到跟学生的个人互动时,
他们有的支持,有的拿不定主意,
09:15
with students学生们 who both support支持
the work that I'm doing
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还有的表示了反对。
09:18
and who feel challenged挑战 by it
and who do not support支持 it.
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09:23
What I've found发现 is that,
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我发现,
尽管很难去改变整个社区的价值观,
09:24
while it can be difficult to change更改
the values of a community社区,
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09:27
we can gain获得 a lot
from individual个人 interactions互动.
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但个人互动可以让我们受益匪浅。
09:31
While I didn't get to engage从事
with John约翰 Derbyshire德比郡
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由于校长取消了我的邀请,
我无缘与约翰‧德比希尔会面,
09:34
due应有 to my president's总统 disinvitationdisinvitation,
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但在查尔斯‧默里的演讲之前,
我可以和他共进晚餐。
09:36
I was able能够 to have dinner晚餐
with Charles查尔斯 Murray穆雷 before his talk.
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09:42
I knew知道 the conversation会话
would be difficult.
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我知道这个谈话会很困难,
09:44
And I didn't expect期望 it to be pleasant愉快.
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也没奢望这个过程会是愉快的。
09:47
But it was cordial亲切, and I did gain获得
a deeper更深 understanding理解 of his arguments参数.
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但事实上,谈话的气氛非常热情友好,
我对他的论点也有了更深入的理解。
09:53
I found发现 that he, like me,
believed相信 in creating创建 a more just society社会.
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我发现他和我一样,
想建立一个更加公正的社会。
09:58
The thing is, his understanding理解
of what justice正义 entailedentailed
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问题是,他理解的正义
10:02
was very different不同 from my own拥有.
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与我自己的理解非常不同。
10:04
The way in which哪一个 he wanted
to understand理解 the issue问题,
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他看问题的方式,
解决不平等问题的方式
10:07
the way in which哪一个 he wanted
to approach途径 the issue问题 of inequality不等式
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10:10
also differed不同 from my own拥有.
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也与我不同。
10:12
And I found发现 that his understanding理解
of issues问题 like welfare福利
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我发现他对福利等问题和
平权行动的理解,
10:15
and affirmative肯定 action行动
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10:17
was tied and deeply rooted
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深深根植并被束缚于
10:19
in his understanding理解 of various各个
libertarian自由主义者 and conservative保守 beliefs信仰,
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他的自由主义和保守的信仰中,
10:23
what diminishes减少 and increases增加
their presence存在 in our society社会.
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什么因素会减少和增加
他们在社会中的存在感。
10:27
While he expressed表达
his viewpoints观点 eloquently雄辩地,
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虽然他雄辩地表达了自己的观点,
10:30
I remained保持 thoroughly unconvinced信服.
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我却始终不敢苟同。
10:32
But I did walk步行 away
with a deeper更深 understanding理解.
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但对此我的确有了更深的了解。
10:36
It's my belief信仰
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这是我的信念,
10:39
that to achieve实现 progress进展
in the face面对 of adversity逆境,
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为了在逆境中取得进步,
10:43
we need a genuine真正 commitment承诺
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我们需要一个真正的承诺,
10:46
to gaining取得 a deeper更深
understanding理解 of humanity人性.
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深入了解人性。
10:50
I'd like to see a world世界 with more leaders领导者
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我希望可以看到一个
10:52
who are familiar with
the depths深处 of the views意见
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有更多领导者能深度了解
10:54
of those they deeply disagree不同意 with,
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对立群体的意见的世界。
10:58
so that they can understand理解 the nuances细微之处
of everyone大家 they're representing代表.
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这样他们就能够理解
所代表的每个人的细微差别。
11:03
I see this as an ongoing不断的 process处理
involving涉及 constant不变 learning学习,
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这是一个持续不断的学习过程,
11:07
and I'm confident信心 that I'll be able能够
to add value down the line线
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而我相信,如果继续
构建我的同理心和理解,
11:11
if I continue继续 building建造 empathy同情
and understanding理解
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并投身学习自己所
不了解的那些观点,
11:13
through通过 engaging
with unfamiliar陌生 perspectives观点.
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我就能够为此贡献自己的一份力量。
谢谢。
11:16
Thank you.
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(掌声)
11:17
(Applause掌声)
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Translated by Thomas Tam
Reviewed by jacks peng

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Zachary R. Wood - Crusader for dialogue
As the head of a student group called Uncomfortable Learning, Zachary R. Wood made a point of engaging in conversation with people he disagreed with.

Why you should listen

Zachary R. Wood wants to encourage open conversations about hard topics. He is a Robert L. Bartley Fellow at The Wall Street Journal and a class of 2018 graduate of Williams College, where he served as president of Uncomfortable Learning, a student group that sparked national controversy for inviting provocative speakers to campus, from John Derbyshire to Charles Murray. Wood's defense of such conversations led him to give Senate testimony in the summer of 2017.

His recent writing has appeared in The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, The Nation, The Weekly Standard, Times Higher Education, Inside Higher Ed, Jet and SLAM Magazine. In 2018, he'll publish Uncensored, a book that tells his own personal story to enrich and deepen his work as an advocate for difficult conversations. You can reach him at zachwood2448@gmail.com.

More profile about the speaker
Zachary R. Wood | Speaker | TED.com