TED Salon: Radical Craft
Leland Melvin: An astronaut's story of curiosity, perspective and change
里兰·马尔文: 一位太空人的故事：好奇心、观点与改变
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Readability: 3.7
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对于一位曾经是网球高手、国际旅行家、化学爱好者和被NFL选召的橄榄球运动员，什么工作最适合他？太空人怎么样？里兰·马尔文述说了他所接受的挑战，抓住的机会，以及它们如何带他走入国际太空站，还有他对于地球生命的全新观点。
Leland Melvin - Engineer, educator
Leland Melvin is an engineer, educator, former NASA astronaut and NFL wide receiver. He shares his stories of perseverance and excellence to inspire communities for lasting positive change. Full bio
Leland Melvin is an engineer, educator, former NASA astronaut and NFL wide receiver. He shares his stories of perseverance and excellence to inspire communities for lasting positive change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
[This talk contains mature content]
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（本演讲含成人内容）
00:16
In 1969, I was standing behind
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1969年，我站在一台
欧司朗的黑白电视机后面。
00:21
a Sylvania black-and-white television set.
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00:24
Hearing about these things happening
on the set in the front,
on the set in the front,
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听着前面电视机里发生的事情，
我就是那个负责帮我家人
00:27
I was the guy, you know,
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调弄电视机天线的人。
00:28
moving the rabbit ears
for my dad, and my sister and my mom.
for my dad, and my sister and my mom.
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“往这边挪，转过来，朝这边儿，
我们看不到画面了。”
我们看不到画面了。”
00:32
"Move over here, turn over here,
move this way, we can't see the screen."
move this way, we can't see the screen."
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00:36
And what they were watching
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而那个时候他们在看的是：
00:38
was: "One small step for a man,
one giant leap for mankind."
one giant leap for mankind."
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“我的一小步，是人类的一大步。”
尼尔（阿姆斯特朗）和
巴兹·奥尔德林正在月球上行走。
巴兹·奥尔德林正在月球上行走。
00:43
Neil [Armstrong] and Buzz Aldrin
were walking on the Moon.
were walking on the Moon.
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我那时五岁，是个瘦巴巴的黑人小孩，
住在弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡，
住在弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡，
00:47
And I was five years old
in Lynchburg, Virginia,
in Lynchburg, Virginia,
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00:51
a skinny black kid
in a kind of somewhat racist town.
in a kind of somewhat racist town.
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那里的人多少都有些种族歧视。
00:55
And I was trying to figure out
what I was going to do with my life.
what I was going to do with my life.
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我那时还在思索
我长大了应该做什么。
我长大了应该做什么。
01:00
And my parents, you know,
they were educators,
they were educators,
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而我身为教育家的父母
01:02
they'd said that you can do anything.
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会说，你可以做任何事。
01:05
But after that moon landing,
all the kids in the neighborhood
all the kids in the neighborhood
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但自从那次登陆月球之后，
邻里的所有小孩
邻里的所有小孩
01:08
were like, "You're going to be
an astronaut?"
an astronaut?"
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都会问：“你将来要当太空人吗？”
而我只会答：“不。”
01:10
I'm like, "No."
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01:11
I don't want a buzz cut,
and I don't see someone who looks like me.
and I don't see someone who looks like me.
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我不想剪平头，也没有看见
和我同样肤色的人，
和我同样肤色的人，
因为外表确实很重要。
01:14
Because representation does matter.
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那个时候我也知道有一个人
01:16
And I knew that there was a guy
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01:20
five blocks down the street
on Pierce Street
on Pierce Street
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住在离我家五个街区的皮尔斯街，
01:23
who was training to play tennis.
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正接受网球训练。
01:25
And it was Arthur Ashe.
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他就是亚瑟·阿什，
01:27
And my dad talked
about his character, his discipline,
about his character, his discipline,
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我爸爸时常说起他的性格、他的自律、
01:30
his intelligence, his athleticism.
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他的智慧、他的运动精神。
01:33
I wanted to be Arthur Ashe,
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我那时想要成为亚瑟·阿什，
而不是那些在月球上漫步的家伙。
01:34
I didn't want to be
one of those moon guys.
one of those moon guys.
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01:37
And as I went on through this journey,
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而在我的人生旅途中，
01:41
my dad, who was a school teacher,
he played in a band,
he played in a band,
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我爸爸，他是学校教师，还是个乐手，
01:45
he did all these things to make money
for my sister and I
for my sister and I
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他什么都做，只为了
赚钱让家里孩子可以
赚钱让家里孩子可以
01:48
to take piano lessons
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上钢琴课
和接受各个方面的教育。
01:49
and do these different things
with education.
with education.
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01:51
And he one day decides to drive up
into the driveway with this bread truck.
into the driveway with this bread truck.
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有一天，他突然将一辆
送面包的车开上我们的车道。
送面包的车开上我们的车道。
01:58
And I'm thinking, "OK, bread truck,
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我心想：“哦，面包车，
02:02
me delivering bread
while my dad's driving the truck."
while my dad's driving the truck."
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我送面包，我爸爸开车。”
02:05
I'm like, "OK, I'm going to be
a bread guy now."
a bread guy now."
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我当下以为：“我要成为
一个送面包的小伙子了。”
一个送面包的小伙子了。”
02:07
But he says, "This is our camper."
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但我爸爸说：“这是我们的露营车。”
02:11
I'm like, "Dude, come one, I can read:
'Merita Bread and Rolls'
'Merita Bread and Rolls'
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我说：“爸，别闹了，
我可是识字的，车上明明写着
我可是识字的，车上明明写着
‘玛丽塔面包和卷饼。’ ”
02:14
on the side of this truck.
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02:16
And he says, "No, we're going
to build this into our camper."
to build this into our camper."
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他又说：“不，我们要把它
改造成我们的露营车。”
改造成我们的露营车。”
02:21
And over that summer, we rewired
the entire electrical system.
the entire electrical system.
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于是那年夏天，我们把
整个电气系统都重新做了布线。
整个电气系统都重新做了布线。
02:25
We plumbed a propane tank
to a Coleman stove,
to a Coleman stove,
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我们把一个丙烷罐
改装成了一个赫尔曼炉，
改装成了一个赫尔曼炉，
02:28
we built bunk beds that flip down.
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打造了可以翻下来的床铺。
02:30
We were turning this into our summer
vacation launch pad, escape pod,
vacation launch pad, escape pod,
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我们把它改造成了暑假用的
发射台，逃生舱，
发射台，逃生舱，
02:35
this thing that could
take us out of Lynchburg.
take us out of Lynchburg.
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它能带我们离开林奇堡。
02:39
And before that,
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在那之前，
02:43
I was actually raped at five
by some neighbors.
by some neighbors.
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我其实在五岁时被一些邻居强暴了，
02:48
And I didn't tell anyone,
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而我没告诉任何人，
02:51
because I had friends
that didn't have fathers.
that didn't have fathers.
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因为我有些朋友没有爸爸，
02:54
And I knew that my father
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而我知道我爸爸要是知道了
02:56
would have killed the people
that did that to his son.
that did that to his son.
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就一定会杀了
对他儿子做这种事的人。
对他儿子做这种事的人。
02:59
And I didn't want my father to be gone.
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我不希望我也没有了爸爸。
03:02
So as we got in this bread truck
and escaped from Lynchburg,
and escaped from Lynchburg,
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所以，当我们进入
这台面包车，逃离林奇堡，
这台面包车，逃离林奇堡，
03:07
it was my time with my dad.
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那是属于我和我爸的时光。
03:09
And we went to the Smoky Mountains
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我们去了大烟山，
03:11
and looked at the purple
mountains' majesty.
mountains' majesty.
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观赏紫色山岳的雄伟。
03:14
And we walked along the beach
in Myrtle Beach,
in Myrtle Beach,
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我们在默特尔比奇的海滩散步，
03:16
and this thing was transformative.
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而这些给我带来了转变。
03:20
It showed me what it meant
to be an explorer, at a very early age.
to be an explorer, at a very early age.
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它让我在很小的年纪
就见识到作为探险家的意义。
就见识到作为探险家的意义。
03:24
And I suppressed all that negativity,
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我压抑了所有的负面情绪，
03:27
all that trauma,
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所有的创伤，
只因为我正学习着
如何成为一个探险家。
如何成为一个探险家。
03:29
because I was learning to be an explorer.
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03:31
And a little bit later, my mother gave me
an age-inappropriate,
an age-inappropriate,
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不久后，我妈给了我
一个不符合我年龄，并且没经过
一个不符合我年龄，并且没经过
OSHA (美国职业安全与卫生管理局)
认证的化学实验工具箱。
认证的化学实验工具箱。
03:34
non-OSHA-certified chemistry set,
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（笑声）
03:36
(Laughter)
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也正因为如此，我在她的客厅
创造了最惊人的爆炸。
创造了最惊人的爆炸。
03:37
where I created the most incredible
explosion in her living room.
explosion in her living room.
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03:41
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:43
And so I knew I could be a chemist.
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所以，我知道我可以成为化学家。
03:44
So as I went on this journey
through a high school,
through a high school,
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当我继续读完了高中，
03:47
and I went to college,
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上了大学，
03:49
and I got a football scholarship
to play football in college.
to play football in college.
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我拿到了大学的橄榄球奖学金，
03:52
And I knew that I could be a chemist,
because I'd already blown stuff up.
because I'd already blown stuff up.
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并且相信自己能成为一个化学家，
因为我已经造成过爆炸了。
因为我已经造成过爆炸了。
03:55
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
03:57
And when I graduated,
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我毕业后，
04:00
I got drafted to the Detroit Lions.
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被底特律雄狮选召入队。
04:03
But I pulled a hamstring in training camp,
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但我在训练营拉伤了大腿后腱，
通常前NFL（国家橄榄球联盟）球员退休后，
都会去NASA（美国太空总署）工作对吧？
都会去NASA（美国太空总署）工作对吧？
04:05
and so what every former NFL player does,
they go work for NASA, right?
they go work for NASA, right?
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所以我也去那里工作了。
04:09
So I went to work for NASA.
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（笑声）
04:10
(Laughter)
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那时我一个朋友就说：“里兰，我觉得
你可以成为一个出色的太空人。”
你可以成为一个出色的太空人。”
04:11
And this friend of mine said,
"Leland, you'd be great astronaut."
"Leland, you'd be great astronaut."
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我只是嘲笑他异想天开，说：
“你确定？我？太空人？”
“你确定？我？太空人？”
04:14
I just laughed at him,
I was like, "Yeah, me, an astronaut?"
I was like, "Yeah, me, an astronaut?"
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还记得69年尼尔和
巴兹（登月）的事吗？
巴兹（登月）的事吗？
04:17
You know that Neil and Buzz
thing from back in '69?
thing from back in '69?
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他递给我一个申请表格，我看了一下，
04:19
And he handed me an application,
and I looked at it,
and I looked at it,
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可是却没去填写。
04:22
and I didn't fill it out.
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04:23
And that same year, another friend of mine
filled out the application
filled out the application
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同一年，我的另一个朋友
填写了那份申请表格，
填写了那份申请表格，
04:28
and he got in.
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然后入选了。
04:30
And I said to myself,
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于是我不禁心想：
04:32
"If NASA's letting knuckleheads
like that be astronauts,"
like that be astronauts,"
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“如果美国太空总署都能让
那种蠢货做太空人的话，”
那种蠢货做太空人的话，”
04:35
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
“那也许我真的也能成为一个太空人。”
04:37
"maybe I can be one, too."
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04:38
So the next selection, I filled out
the application, and I got in.
the application, and I got in.
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所以在下一次选拔时，
我填了申请表，然后入选了。
我填了申请表，然后入选了。
04:42
And I didn't know
what it meant to be an astronaut:
what it meant to be an astronaut:
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我当时不知道当太空人意味着什么：
04:46
the training, the simulations,
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无穷无尽的训练、模拟，
04:48
all these things to get you ready
for this countdown:
for this countdown:
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一切只为了让你在
倒数升空时做好充分的准备：
倒数升空时做好充分的准备：
04:51
three, two, one, liftoff.
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三，二，一，发射。
04:54
And in 2007, I was in Space Shuttle
"Atlantis," careening off the planet,
"Atlantis," careening off the planet,
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2007年，我在亚特兰蒂斯号
航天飞机上，以极高的速度离开地球，
航天飞机上，以极高的速度离开地球，
04:59
traveling at 17,500 miles per hour.
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时速两万八千多公里。
05:03
And eight and a half minutes later,
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而八分钟半之后，
05:05
the main engines cut off,
and we're now floating in space.
and we're now floating in space.
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主引擎熄火，我们开始在外太空漂浮。
05:09
And I push off
and float over to the window,
and float over to the window,
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我把自己推向窗户，
05:12
and I can see the Caribbean.
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从那里看见了加勒比海。
05:14
And I need new definitions of blue
to describe the colors that I see.
to describe the colors that I see.
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我需要重新定义蓝色，
方能形容我眼前的颜色。
方能形容我眼前的颜色。
05:18
Azure, indigo, navy blue,
medium navy blue, turquoise
medium navy blue, turquoise
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天蓝色、靛蓝色、深蓝色、
中深蓝色、蓝绿色
中深蓝色、蓝绿色
05:22
don't do any justice
to what I see with my eyes.
to what I see with my eyes.
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都无法形容我双眼所看到的景象。
05:26
And my job on this mission was to install
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我在这次任务中的工作，是安装
05:29
this two-billion dollar
Columbus laboratory.
Columbus laboratory.
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价值二十亿美金的哥伦布号实验舱。
05:33
It was a research laboratory
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它是一间研究实验室，
05:34
for materials research,
for human research.
for human research.
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供材料研究和人类研究所用。
05:37
And I reached into the payload bay
of the space shuttle,
of the space shuttle,
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我把手伸进太空船的酬载舱内
05:41
grabbed out this big module,
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取出大型模组，
05:43
and I used the robotic arm
and I attached it to the space station.
and I attached it to the space station.
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然后我使用机械手臂
将它安装到太空站上。
将它安装到太空站上。
05:47
And the European team have been waiting
10 years for this thing to get installed,
10 years for this thing to get installed,
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为了这一刻，欧洲的团队等待了十年，
05:51
so I'm sure everyone in Europe was like,
"Leland! Leland! Leland!"
"Leland! Leland! Leland!"
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所以我深信欧洲的每个人
都在欢呼：“里兰！里兰！里兰！”
都在欢呼：“里兰！里兰！里兰！”
05:56
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
05:57
And so this moment happened,
this was our primary mission objective,
this was our primary mission objective,
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于是这一时刻发生了，
这就是我们的主要任务目的，
这就是我们的主要任务目的，
06:01
it was done.
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大功告成。
06:03
And I had this big sigh of relief.
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我大大松了一口气。
06:07
But then, Peggy Whitson,
the first female commander,
the first female commander,
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但是接着呢，第一位
女性指挥官，佩吉·惠特森，
女性指挥官，佩吉·惠特森，
06:10
she invited us over
to the Russian segment.
to the Russian segment.
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她邀请我们到俄国区。
06:12
And the space station's
about the size of a football field,
about the size of a football field,
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太空站的大小大约有
一个足球场那么大，
一个足球场那么大，
06:15
with solar panel and trusses
and all of these modules.
and all of these modules.
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那里有太阳能板、
桁架和各种各样的模组。
桁架和各种各样的模组。
06:19
And she says, "Leland, you go get
the rehydrated vegetables,
the rehydrated vegetables,
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她说：“里兰，你去拿一下再水化蔬菜，
06:22
we have the meat."
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我们这里有肉。”
06:23
So we float over with the bag
of vegetables, all rehydrated,
of vegetables, all rehydrated,
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于是，我们带着一袋
再水化蔬菜，一路飘着
再水化蔬菜，一路飘着
06:27
and we get there.
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到了那里。
06:29
And there's this moment
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就在这个时刻，
06:30
where I get [transported]
back to my mother's kitchen.
back to my mother's kitchen.
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我仿佛被传送回到我妈妈的厨房。
06:35
You can smell the beef
and barley heating up,
and barley heating up,
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你能闻到烹饪牛肉和大麦的味道，
06:37
you can smell the food, the colors,
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能闻到那食物，想像出那颜色，
06:41
and there are people there
from all around the world.
from all around the world.
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你还看到了来自世界各地的人们。
06:44
It's like a Benetton commercial,
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就像一个班尼顿广告，
06:46
you know, you have African American,
Asian American, French, German, Russian,
Asian American, French, German, Russian,
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有非裔美国人、亚裔美国人、
法国人、德国人、俄国人，
法国人、德国人、俄国人，
06:50
the first female commander,
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国际太空站第一位女指挥官，
06:51
breaking bread at 17,500 miles per hour,
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在时速两万八千多公里的
舱里和我们共餐，
舱里和我们共餐，
06:55
going around the planet every 90 minutes,
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每九十分钟我们环绕地球一圈，
06:57
seeing a sunrise and a sunset every 45.
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每45分钟就能分别
看到一次日出和日落。
看到一次日出和日落。
07:01
And Peggy would say,
"Hey, Leland, try some of this,"
"Hey, Leland, try some of this,"
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佩吉这时就会说：
“嘿，里兰，试试这个。”
“嘿，里兰，试试这个。”
她就在零重力的环境下
给我抛来了食物，
给我抛来了食物，
07:03
and she'd float it over to my mouth,
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07:05
and I'd catch it
and we'd go back and forth.
and we'd go back and forth.
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我会用嘴将漂来的食物
接住，然后彼此“礼尚往来”。
接住，然后彼此“礼尚往来”。
07:07
And we're doing all of this while
listening to Sade's "Smooth Operator."
listening to Sade's "Smooth Operator."
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就这样来来往往，
背景放着莎黛的《调情圣手》。
背景放着莎黛的《调情圣手》。
07:13
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
这感觉真的很让人难以置信。
07:14
I mean, this is like
blowing my mind, you know.
blowing my mind, you know.
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07:16
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
07:17
And I float over to the window,
and I look down at the planet,
and I look down at the planet,
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然后我漂向窗户，俯瞰地球，
07:21
and I see all of humanity.
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看着全世界的人类。
07:24
And my perspective changes at that moment,
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在那一刻，我的观点改变了，
07:27
because, I'm flying over Lynchburg,
Virginia, my home town,
Virginia, my home town,
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我正飞过我的家乡，
弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡，
弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡，
07:30
and my family's probably breaking bread.
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我的家人说不定也正在吃饭。
07:32
And five minutes later,
we're flying over Paris,
we're flying over Paris,
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五分钟后，我们飞过巴黎，
07:34
where Leo Eyharts
is looking down at his parents,
is looking down at his parents,
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轮到里欧·艾哈特斯
往下看着自己的父母，
往下看着自己的父母，
07:37
probably having some wine and cheese,
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他们也许在喝葡萄酒配奶酪，
07:39
and Yuri's looking off to Moscow,
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然后轮到尤里看着莫斯科，
07:41
and they're probably eating
borscht or something else.
borscht or something else.
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那里的人也许就在吃
“罗宋汤”或者其他东西。
“罗宋汤”或者其他东西。
可是我们各自都拥有这样一个
从远处观看各自家人的时刻，
从远处观看各自家人的时刻，
07:43
But we're all having this moment
where we see our respective families
where we see our respective families
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07:48
working together as one civilization,
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大家秉承着同一个文明，
07:52
at 17,500 miles per hour.
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以两万八千公里的时速团结协作。
07:56
My perspective shifted cognitively,
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我的认知改变了，
07:59
it changed me.
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这也改变了我。
08:00
And when I think about being
that little skinny boy,
that little skinny boy,
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当我回想起当年那个瘦小的男孩时，
来自时不时会有种族歧视的
弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡小镇，
弗吉尼亚州的林奇堡小镇，
08:02
from sometimes racist Lynchburg, Virginia,
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08:06
I would never have had that perspective
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我绝对不会改变我那时抱持的观点，
08:10
to think about myself
of being an astronaut,
of being an astronaut,
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觉得自己能当上太空人。
08:13
if my father hadn't taken us on a journey
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要不是当年我爸
带我们踏上探险的旅程，
带我们踏上探险的旅程，
08:16
in this radical craft that we built
with our own two hands.
with our own two hands.
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搭着当年靠自己的双手
彻底翻新的露营车。
彻底翻新的露营车。
08:22
When I came home,
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回来后，
08:24
I realized that perspective is something
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我了解到，观点这种东西
08:28
that we all get and we all have.
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是我们每个人都拥有的。
08:32
It's just how far
do we open up our blinders
do we open up our blinders
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差别只在于我们是否愿意把眼罩掀开，
08:34
to see that shift and that change.
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以发现各式各样的转换和改变。
08:37
And going back to the space station,
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而回到那个太空船，
08:39
I think of, you know, Germans
and Russians fighting Americans.
and Russians fighting Americans.
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我想到，德国和俄国正与美国对抗，
08:45
We have these people
living and working together.
living and working together.
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可是我们这里有他们的人民
一起生活和工作着。
一起生活和工作着。
08:48
White folks, black folks, Russian folks,
French folks, you know.
French folks, you know.
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白人、黑人、俄国人、法国人等等。
08:52
All these different people coexisting
in harmony as one race.
in harmony as one race.
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这些不同国家的人能够
情同手足地和谐共处。
情同手足地和谐共处。
08:58
And I think about the colors that I saw,
the design of the modules,
the design of the modules,
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我想到我所见的颜色，
以及不同模组的设计，
以及不同模组的设计，
09:02
the way that things fit together,
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一切都那么协调，
也让我们成为了一个社区，
一个属于我们的家园。
一个属于我们的家园。
09:04
the way that it made us
a community, our home.
a community, our home.
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09:09
And so when I look up to space now,
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现在，当我抬头望向天空，
09:13
and I have this newfound perspective
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我会对头上飞过的太空站
09:17
on the space station going overhead
and looking there,
and looking there,
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抱持着全新的观点。
而我看着那里，
而我看着那里，
09:20
and then looking back at my community
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再看向我所在的社区，
09:22
and seeing the people
that I'm living and working with,
that I'm living and working with,
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看到和我一起生活和工作，
09:25
and coexisting with,
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和平共处的人们，
09:27
I think it's something that we all
can do now, especially in these times,
can do now, especially in these times,
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我想这是我们所有人现在所能
做到的，尤其在这个时代，
做到的，尤其在这个时代，
09:33
to make sure that we have
the right perspective.
the right perspective.
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以确保我们拥有
正确的态度来看待彼此。
正确的态度来看待彼此。
09:38
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:39
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:44
Chee Pearlman: If you don't mind,
could I just chat with you for a minute,
could I just chat with you for a minute,
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切·佩尔曼：如果你不介意，
我能不能和你聊一下，
我能不能和你聊一下，
因为他们还得在台上做些布置，
09:47
because they're going to set up
some things here.
some things here.
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而我也有这个机会和你交流，好吗？
09:50
And I get to have you all to myself, OK.
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09:52
Leland Melvin: Alright.
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里兰·马尔文：好的。
09:54
CP: You guys don't get to hear this.
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切：你们可没法听到这些。
09:56
So I have to tell you
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我得告诉你，
09:58
that in my family,
we watch a lot of space movies
we watch a lot of space movies
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在我家，我们会看很多太空电影，
10:03
about astronauts and stuff like that.
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有关太空人这类的。
10:05
I can't tell you why, but we do.
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我也不知道为什么，但就是如此。
10:07
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
10:09
The thing that I wanted
to ask you, though,
to ask you, though,
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不过，我想问你的是，
10:11
is that we were seeing
this movie the other day,
this movie the other day,
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有一次，我们在看其中一部电影，
10:15
and it was about one of the astronauts,
one of your colleagues,
one of your colleagues,
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讲的是一位太空人，你的一位同事，
10:19
and before he went up into space,
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就在他出发上太空之前，
10:22
they actually wrote an obituary,
NASA wrote an obituary for him.
NASA wrote an obituary for him.
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美国太空总署给他写了一片讣文。
10:26
And I was like, is that normal?
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我心想，这是正常的吗？
10:28
And is that part of the job?
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是不是工作的一部分？
10:30
Do you think about that peril
that you're putting yourself in
that you're putting yourself in
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你们会去思考身处外太空时，
10:36
as you go into space?
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是处在什么样的危险之中吗？
10:37
LM: Yeah.
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里兰：好。
10:38
So, I don't remember anyone
writing my obituary,
writing my obituary,
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我不记得是否有人给我写讣文，
也许是阿波罗时期的事。
10:41
maybe that was an Apollo-day thing.
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10:43
But I do know that in the 135
shuttle flights that we've had,
shuttle flights that we've had,
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但我确实知道，在我们
进行过的135趟太空飞行中，
进行过的135趟太空飞行中，
10:48
the shuttle that I flew on,
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我搭乘过的航天飞机
10:50
we had two accidents
that killed everyone on that mission.
that killed everyone on that mission.
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曾发生过两次意外，导致
执行该任务的所有人的不幸殉职。
执行该任务的所有人的不幸殉职。
10:55
And we all know the perils
and the risks that go along with this,
and the risks that go along with this,
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我们都很清楚这份工作的危险和风险，
10:58
but we're doing something
that's much bigger than ourselves,
that's much bigger than ourselves,
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但是我们做的事情，
其意义远远超过我们本身，
其意义远远超过我们本身，
11:01
and helping advance civilization,
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它会协助人类文明的进步，
11:03
so the risk is worth the reward.
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所以冒这样的险是值得的。
11:06
And we all feel that way
when we get into that vehicle
when we get into that vehicle
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而当我们进入航天飞机，
系上安全带，与几百万吨的火箭燃料
系上安全带，与几百万吨的火箭燃料
11:09
ans strap into those million pounds
of rocket fuel and go up to space.
of rocket fuel and go up to space.
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一同飞上外太空，自始至终
我们都抱持着这样的想法。
我们都抱持着这样的想法。
11:13
CP: Yeah, I've only seen
the Hollywood version --
the Hollywood version --
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切：是啊，我只看过好莱坞的版本——
11:16
it looks pretty terrifying,
I have to tell you.
I have to tell you.
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我得说，看起来是挺吓人的。
11:18
LM: You should go.
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里兰：你应该去试试。
11:19
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
切：是啊，我老公也这么说过几次。
11:21
CP: Yeah, my husband's
told me that a few times.
told me that a few times.
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11:23
(Laughter)
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1992
（笑声）
11:25
LM: One-way trip or two-way?
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里兰：单程吗？还是来回？
11:27
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:29
CP: That’s a bit of a debate in our house.
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切：我们家内部倒是争论过几次。
11:31
(Laughter)
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（笑声）
11:33
I wanted to, if I may ...
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如果可以的话，我想——
11:37
You did touch on something
that was very powerful and difficult,
that was very powerful and difficult,
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你刚刚提到了一个非常强大
而且难以启齿的话题，
而且难以启齿的话题，
11:42
which is, you spoke about this incident
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那就是，你谈到了你五岁时
11:46
that had happened to you
when you were five years old,
when you were five years old,
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遭遇过的不幸，
你说你被强暴了。
11:49
and that you were raped.
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我只是在想，你能够
把这些事情说出来，
把这些事情说出来，
11:50
And I just think that
for you to be able to say those things,
for you to be able to say those things,
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11:53
you know, on the TED stage,
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而且是在TED的讲台上，
11:55
to be able to talk about that at all,
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能够开诚布公地谈论这件事
11:58
is pretty fearless.
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是相当勇敢的。
12:00
And I wanted to get a sense from you,
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而我想要听听你的感受，
12:03
is that something that you think
is important for you to share that now,
is important for you to share that now,
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你是否觉得你现在分享这件事，
12:07
to speak about it?
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1443
谈论这件事很重要？
12:08
LM: It's so important, especially for men,
to talk about things that have happened,
to talk about things that have happened,
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4128
里兰：非常重要，特别是对于男性，
要勇于谈论以前发生过的事，
要勇于谈论以前发生过的事，
12:13
because we've been trained
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只因为我们以前都被社会
12:14
and told by our society
that we have to be so tough and so hard
that we have to be so tough and so hard
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4186
塑造成一个必须要坚韧的强悍形象，
12:18
and we can't tell of things
that are happening to us.
that are happening to us.
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以至于我们无法说出
发生在自己身上的事情。
发生在自己身上的事情。
12:21
But I've had so many men
contact me and tell me that,
contact me and tell me that,
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可是有很多男性联系了我，并告诉我：
12:25
"You came through that, you got over that,
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“你经历过了这些事，挺过去了，
而我现在也要克服我的酗酒问题。”
12:27
I'm going to get over my alcoholism,"
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1823
这些因为他们的遭遇
12:29
and these things
that are going on in them,
that are going on in them,
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2018
12:31
because of what happened to them.
249
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1603
而产生的内在挣扎。
12:32
And so we must share these stories,
this is part of storytelling,
this is part of storytelling,
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所以我们必须把这些事情
分享出来，这是说故事的一部分，
分享出来，这是说故事的一部分，
12:36
to heal us and to make us
whole as a community.
whole as a community.
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来帮助我们治愈，帮助我们大家
制造一个完整的社会。
制造一个完整的社会。
12:39
CP: That's wonderful.
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切：说得太棒了。
12:41
(Applause)
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（掌声）
12:46
And you know, quite honestly,
you spoke about perspective shift,
you spoke about perspective shift,
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还有，老实说，
你谈到了观点上的改变，
你谈到了观点上的改变，
12:50
and that is a shift that I think
we've been very slow to accept
we've been very slow to accept
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而我认为，我们花了
很多时间才能慢慢地接受它，
很多时间才能慢慢地接受它，
12:55
and to be able to speak about that,
so we thank you for that.
so we thank you for that.
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能够去谈论这类事，
所以我们想对你表达感谢。
所以我们想对你表达感谢。
12:59
We thank you for being
the amazing astronaut that you are,
the amazing astronaut that you are,
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谢谢你，作为一个那么出色的太空人，
13:02
and thank you for coming
to the TED stage, Leland.
to the TED stage, Leland.
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也感谢你来到TED的讲台上，里兰。
13:04
LM: Thank you so much, Chee.
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里兰：非常感谢，切。
13:06
(Applause)
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（掌声）
Translated by Eng Hao Soo
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leland Melvin - Engineer, educatorLeland Melvin is an engineer, educator, former NASA astronaut and NFL wide receiver. He shares his stories of perseverance and excellence to inspire communities for lasting positive change.
Why you should listen
Leland Melvin served on board the Space Shuttle Atlantis as a mission specialist on mission STS-122 (2008) and STS-129 (2009), helping to construct the International Space Station. He also served as co-chair of the White House's Federal Coordination in STEM Education Task Force and as NASA Associate Administrator for Education. He can currently be seen as a judge on ABC's robot competition series "BattleBots."
"Houston, we have a problem." Melvin was 25 feet under water in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory, a six million gallon pool, training to perform spacewalks as a NASA astronaut when he called the test director and asked him to turn the volume up in his headset. He never heard a reply and was immediately hoisted out of the pool to learn that he was deaf. Emergency surgery resulting in only partial recovery to his hearing and led him to being medically disqualified to fly in space by NASA flight surgeons.
This is just one of the many career-ending challenges Melvin has overcome in his life. Before becoming an astronaut, he was drafted by the Detroit Lions to play professional football in 1986, but a hamstring injury thwarted his NFL career with Detroit and then later with the Dallas Cowboys. Through determination and perseverance, he ultimately traveled off-planet twice on Space Shuttle Atlantis to help construct the International Space Station, logging more than 565 hours in space. He's the only person drafted into the National Football League to have flown in space. The Pro Football Hall of Fame honored his athletic and academic accomplishments by placing his Detroit Lions jersey under glass in Canton, Ohio.
Melvin has a bachelor's degree in chemistry and a master's degree in materials science engineering. He worked at NASA Langley Research Center in the area of nondestructive testing creating optical fiber sensors for measuring damage in aerospace vehicles resulting in publications in numerous scientific journals. After hanging up his space boots, he was appointed head of NASA Education and served as the co-chair on the White House's Federal Coordination in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education Task Force developing the nation's five-year STEM education plan. He was the United States representative and chair of the International Space Education Board (ISEB), a global collaboration in space. He holds five honorary doctorates for his service in education, the sciences and philanthropy.
Melvin's memoir, Chasing Space: An Astronaut's Story of Grit, Grace, and Second Chances shares his personal journey from the gridiron to the stars and examines the intersecting roles of community, perseverance and grace that align to create the opportunities for success. A young reader's version of the book is available here.
Leland Melvin | Speaker | TED.com