ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educator
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind."

Why you should listen

Daniel Tammet is a writer, linguist and educator. He is the creator of Optimnem, a website that has provided language learning instruction to thousands around the globe. His 2006 memoir Born on a Blue Day describes his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome; his new book, Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind, is a personal and scientific exploration of how the brain works and the differences and similarities between savant and non-savant minds.

Tammet set a European record on March 14, 2004, when he recited the mathematical constant pi (3.141...) to 22,514 decimal places from memory in a time of 5 hours, 9 minutes.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Tammet | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Daniel Tammet: Different ways of knowing

丹尼爾 塔門:用不同的方式看世界

Filmed:
2,246,769 views

丹尼爾 塔門(Tammet)有語言,數字和視覺的"聯覺"症狀-這表示是文字,數字和顏色對他而言互錯交織在一起,形成一個新的認知方式去認識世界。"生於藍色星期三”的作者丹尼爾 塔門跟大家分享他的藝術天賦和他對文字的熱情,進一步也讓大家能一窺有學者症候群的他所擁有的動人內在世界。
- Linguist, educator
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'm a savant學者,
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我有學者症候群(一種認知障礙),
00:17
or more precisely恰恰,
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更確切地說
00:19
a high-functioning高功能
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我是具超智商的
00:21
autistic自閉症 savant學者.
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自閉症認知障礙者。
00:23
It's a rare罕見 condition條件.
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有學者症的人是很稀少的。
00:25
And rarer罕見的 still when accompanied伴隨著,
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而我的情況更是罕見,
00:28
as in my case案件,
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因為我還具有
00:30
by self-awareness自我意識
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自我認知和
00:32
and a mastery征服 of language語言.
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能掌握語言的能力。
00:35
Very often經常 when I meet遇到 someone有人
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常常當很多人與我初次相遇,
00:38
and they learn學習 this about me,
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當他們知道我的行情時,
00:40
there's a certain某些 kind of awkwardness重倉股.
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場面就會變得有些尷尬。
00:43
I can see it in their eyes眼睛.
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我從他們的眼神中可讀到
00:46
They want to ask me something.
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他們有問題要問我。
00:49
And in the end結束, quite相當 often經常,
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通常到最後
00:51
the urge敦促 is stronger than they are
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他們不法再忍耐下去,
00:54
and they blurt脫口而出 it out:
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於是就會脫口而出的問到:
00:56
"If I give you my date日期 of birth分娩,
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"假如我告訴你-我的出生日期,
00:58
can you tell me what day of the week I was born天生 on?"
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你能告訴我-我是星期幾出生的嗎?”
01:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
01:03
Or they mention提到 cube立方體 roots
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或者跟我討論數學立方根,
01:06
or ask me to recite背誦 a long number or long text文本.
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或要求我背誦很長的數字或文章。
01:10
I hope希望 you'll你會 forgive原諒 me
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我希望你們能原諒我,
01:12
if I don't perform演出
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如果我今天沒有表演
01:15
a kind of one-man一個人 savant學者 show顯示 for you today今天.
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這種學者症獨角戲給你們欣賞。
01:19
I'm going to talk instead代替
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我將要談
01:22
about something
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的話題是比
01:24
far more interesting有趣
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出生年月日
01:26
than dates日期 of birth分娩 or cube立方體 roots --
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或立方根更有趣-
01:29
a little deeper更深
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帶你們更深入更接近我的內在世界;
01:31
and a lot closer接近, to my mind心神, than work.
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而不是只看我超智商的表面相。
01:34
I want to talk to you briefly簡要地
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我想和你們簡短的談談
01:36
about perception知覺.
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什麼是認知。
01:39
When he was writing寫作 the plays播放 and the short stories故事
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安東契訶夫是以他寫的戲劇和
01:42
that would make his name名稱,
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短篇小說而聞名,
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Anton安東 Chekhov契訶夫 kept不停 a notebook筆記本
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他總是在隨身
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in which哪一個 he noted注意 down
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攜帶的筆記本中
01:49
his observations意見
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記下所觀察到的
01:51
of the world世界 around him --
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周遭世界-
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little details細節
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一些其他人
01:55
that other people seem似乎 to miss小姐.
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似乎沒注意到的小細節。
01:58
Every一切 time I read Chekhov契訶夫
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每次當我讀到契訶夫的書,
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and his unique獨特 vision視力 of human人的 life,
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與他的獨特眼光來品味人生,
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I'm reminded提醒 of why I too
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就再次提醒我自己這也是
02:07
became成為 a writer作家.
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為什麼我也成了一名作家的原因。
02:09
In my books圖書,
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在我的書中,
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I explore探索 the nature性質 of perception知覺
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我探索認知的本質,
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and how different不同 kinds of perceiving感知
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經由各種不同類型的察覺
02:16
create創建 different不同 kinds of knowing會心
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進而創造不同的知識
02:18
and understanding理解.
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和理解。
02:23
Here are three questions問題
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我準備了三個問題
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drawn from my work.
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告訴您們我的世界,
02:27
Rather than try to figure數字 them out,
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與其要你們試著去解答,
02:29
I'm going to ask you to consider考慮 for a moment時刻
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我要你們考慮片刻,利用你們的
02:32
the intuitions直覺
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立即直覺
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and the gut腸道 instincts本能
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和本能的反應,
02:36
that are going through通過 your head and your heart
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就是那種當一入眼簾後,通過你的頭跟心(身體)
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as you look at them.
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之後的直覺來回答問題。
02:41
For example, the calculation計算:
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舉例來說,這個計算題,
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can you feel where on the number line
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是否你可以大約推測出它
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the solution is likely容易 to fall秋季?
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最可能的數字?
02:49
Or look at the foreign國外 word and the sounds聲音:
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或是看到這些外國語或聽到它的發音。
02:52
can you get a sense of the range範圍 of meanings含義
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你能感覺到它們所要表達出
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that it's pointing指點 you towards?
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的意義嗎?
02:57
And in terms條款 of the line of poetry詩歌,
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在這首詩的章節中,
03:00
why does the poet詩人 use the word hare野兔
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為什麼詩人用"野兔"
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rather than rabbit兔子?
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而不用"兔子"這個詞呢?
03:06
I'm asking you to do this
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我要求你們這樣做,
03:08
because I believe our personal個人 perceptions看法, you see,
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是因為我認為我們個人對事務的認知
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are at the heart
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是我們如何獲取
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of how we acquire獲得 knowledge知識.
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知識的主要方式。
03:16
Aesthetic審美 judgments判斷,
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用對感觀上的感受(審美觀),
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rather than abstract抽象 reasoning推理,
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取代依靠抽象推理,
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guide指南 and shape形狀 the process處理
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引導和塑造的過程來
03:23
by which哪一個 we all come to know
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認識學習知識。然後
03:26
what we know.
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瞭解事務。
03:28
I'm an extreme極端 example of this.
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而我個人就是一個極佳的例子。
03:31
My worlds世界 of words and numbers數字
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在我的世界裡,文字和數字
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blur模糊 with color顏色, emotion情感
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是混雜帶有顏色,有情感
03:36
and personality個性.
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和個性的。
03:38
As Juan胡安 said,
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就像關(Juan)所說的
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it's the condition條件 that scientists科學家們 call synesthesia聯覺,
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是科學家們稱之的"聯覺"症狀,
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an unusual異常 cross-talk相聲
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也就是一種感覺和另一種感覺之間
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between之間 the senses感官.
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不尋常的交際。
03:51
Here are the numbers數字 one to 12
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這是數字1至12的圖,
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as I see them --
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但我看它們是-
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every一切 number with its own擁有 shape形狀 and character字符.
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每一個數字有專屬的形狀和特色。
03:59
One is a flash of white白色 light.
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1是閃爍的白光。
04:01
Six is a tiny and very sad傷心 black黑色 hole.
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6是一個憂傷微小的黑洞。
04:06
The sketches素描 are in black黑色 and white白色 here,
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呈現你們眼前的這圖只有黑色和白色,
04:09
but in my mind心神 they have colors顏色.
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但在我心中,他們有顏色。
04:11
Three is green綠色.
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3是綠色。
04:13
Four is blue藍色.
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4是藍色的。
04:15
Five is yellow黃色.
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5是黃色的。
04:20
I paint塗料 as well.
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我也畫畫。
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And here is one of my paintings繪畫.
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這是我的其中一個作品。
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It's a multiplication乘法 of two prime主要 numbers數字.
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顯示兩個質數的乘法。
04:29
Three-dimensional三維 shapes形狀
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呈三次空間的形狀,
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and the space空間 they create創建 in the middle中間
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而在兩個質數中間的空間中有
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creates創建 a new shape形狀,
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另一個新的形狀,
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the answer回答 to the sum.
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也就是解答。
04:39
What about bigger numbers數字?
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那麼如果是較大的數字呢?
04:41
Well you can't get much bigger than Pi,
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沒有任何數字比Pi(π,圓周率)更無限,
04:45
the mathematical數學的 constant不變.
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π是數學常數。
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It's an infinite無窮 number --
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是一個無限的數字-
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literally按照字面 goes on forever永遠.
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理論上是永無止境的延伸。
04:51
In this painting繪畫 that I made製作
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在此畫中我畫出的π是
04:53
of the first 20 decimals小數點 of Pi,
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直到小數點後的第20位為止,
04:57
I take the colors顏色
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我用了許多色彩,
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and the emotions情緒 and the textures紋理
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情緒和質感
05:02
and I pull them all together一起
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一同來顯現出一種
05:04
into a kind of rolling壓延 numerical數字的 landscape景觀.
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滾動的數字景觀。
05:09
But it's not only numbers數字 that I see in colors顏色.
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對我而言,不是只有數字具有顏色。
05:12
Words too, for me,
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對我來說,字也一樣
05:14
have colors顏色 and emotions情緒
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有顏色,情感
05:16
and textures紋理.
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和質感紋路.
05:18
And this is an opening開盤 phrase短語
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納博科夫知名小說
05:20
from the novel小說 "Lolita洛麗塔."
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"洛麗塔"的開場白。
05:22
And Nabokov納博科夫 was himself他自己 synesthetic聯覺.
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大量利用聯感詞(用某種感覺的字眼表達另一種感覺)。
05:26
And you can see here
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你可以看到,
05:28
how my perception知覺 of the sound聲音 L
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在這裡因我對 L發音的感覺
05:31
helps幫助 the alliteration頭韻
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有助於我瞭解
05:33
to jump right out.
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句中的字頭押韻,
05:36
Another另一個 example:
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另一例子:
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a little bit more mathematical數學的.
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牽扯到一點數學。
05:40
And I wonder奇蹟 if some of you will notice注意
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我很好奇想知道是否在此有些人
05:42
the construction施工 of the sentence句子
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會注意到"大亨小傳"
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from "The Great Gatsby蓋茨比."
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中句法的結構?
05:48
There is a procession遊行 of syllables音節 --
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一連串有組織的音節--
05:51
wheat小麥, one;
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麥,1個音節;
05:53
prairies草原, two;
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草原,2個音節;
05:55
lost丟失 Swede瑞典人 towns城市, three --
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失城記(消失的瑞典城鎮),3個音節-
05:58
one, two, three.
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1,2,3。
06:00
And this effect影響 is very pleasant愉快 on the mind心神,
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很有節奏,讀起來心情非常愉快,
06:04
and it helps幫助 the sentence句子
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所以句子
06:06
to feel right.
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很通暢恰好。
06:09
Let's go back to the questions問題
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讓我們回到我
06:11
I posed構成 you a moment時刻 ago.
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剛才提出的問題上。
06:14
64 multiplied乘以 by 75.
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64乘以75。
06:17
If some of you play chess,
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如果你下國際象棋,
06:20
you'll你會 know that 64
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你就會知道,
06:22
is a square廣場 number,
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64是一個平方數,
06:25
and that's why chessboards棋盤,
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這就是為什麼棋盤,
06:27
eight by eight,
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八乘八,
06:29
have 64 squares廣場.
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有64個方格。
06:32
So that gives us a form形成
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這給了我們一個
06:34
that we can picture圖片, that we can perceive感知.
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們可以想像的模型,
06:37
What about 75?
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那75呢?
06:40
Well if 100,
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就用100來想像,
06:42
if we think of 100 as being存在 like a square廣場,
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如果我們認為100是廣場,
06:45
75 would look like this.
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75就是這樣的的大小。
06:48
So what we need to do now
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所以我們現在
06:50
is put those two pictures圖片
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只要把那兩張照片
06:52
together一起 in our mind心神 --
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在我們的腦海中併在一起 -
06:54
something like this.
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像這樣。
06:57
64 becomes 6,400.
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64變為6400。
07:01
And in the right-hand右手 corner,
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而在右下角,
07:05
you don't have to calculate計算 anything.
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你不須要計算。
07:07
Four across橫過, four up and down --
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4個格子,上下四個格子-
07:09
it's 16.
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所以是16。
07:12
So what the sum is actually其實 asking you to do
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那麼真正須要計算的總和
07:14
is 16,
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是16,
07:16
16, 16.
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16,16(3個16)。
07:19
That's a lot easier更輕鬆
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很簡單吧!
07:21
than the way that the school學校 taught you to do math數學, I'm sure.
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我相信比學校教的計算方法容易多了。
07:24
It's 16, 16, 16, 48,
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那16,16,16,48(3個16),
07:26
4,800 --
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4800(48x100)
07:28
4,800,
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- 4800,
07:30
the answer回答 to the sum.
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就是正確答案。
07:33
Easy簡單 when you know how.
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當你知道方法就很簡單!
07:35
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
07:38
The second第二 question was an Icelandic冰島的 word.
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第二個問題是有關冰島文字。
07:41
I'm assuming假設 there are not many許多 people here
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我推測在座沒有多少人
07:44
who speak說話 Icelandic冰島的.
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會說冰島話。
07:46
So let me narrow狹窄 the choices選擇 down to two.
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因此,讓我縮小你們的選擇範圍到兩個。
07:51
HnugginnHnugginn:
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Hnugginn:
07:53
is it a happy快樂 word,
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這是一個表示高興的字,
07:55
or a sad傷心 word?
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或悲傷的字?
07:57
What do you say?
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你怎麼想?
08:00
Okay.
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好!
08:02
Some people say it's happy快樂.
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有人說是快樂的字。
08:04
Most people, a majority多數 of people,
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但很多人,大多數的人說是
08:06
say sad傷心.
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悲傷的詞字。
08:08
And it actually其實 means手段 sad傷心.
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它實際上意味著悲哀。
08:12
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑)
08:15
Why do, statistically統計學,
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在統計學上為什麼
08:18
a majority多數 of people
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大多數人說這一個字
08:20
say that a word is sad傷心, in this case案件,
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,在此例,是悲傷的意思,
08:22
heavy in other cases?
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別的例子可能指強勢?
08:25
In my theory理論, language語言 evolves演變 in such這樣 a way
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我的理論是:語言的發展是
08:28
that sounds聲音 match比賽,
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與聲音相襯的方式進行,
08:30
correspond對應 with, the subjective主觀,
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加上相對應的主觀感覺,
08:33
with the personal個人,
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及聽者個人的
08:35
intuitive直觀的 experience經驗
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直覺經驗
08:37
of the listener傾聽者.
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來演化。
08:40
Let's have a look at the third第三 question.
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讓我們來看第三個問題。
08:44
It's a line from a poem by John約翰 Keats濟慈.
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這是約翰濟慈詩中的一句。
08:47
Words, like numbers數字,
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文字就像數字一樣,
08:50
express表現 fundamental基本的 relationships關係
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呈現對於目標,事件之間
08:53
between之間 objects對象
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的根本互動關係,
08:55
and events事件 and forces軍隊
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驅動組成
08:57
that constitute構成 our world世界.
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我們的世界。
08:59
It stands站立 to reason原因 that we, existing現有 in this world世界,
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這也為什麼生存在這世界的我們,
09:02
should in the course課程 of our lives生活
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理所當然的會在此過程中
09:04
absorb吸收 intuitively直觀地 those relationships關係.
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直覺地承接這些關係。
09:07
And poets詩人, like other artists藝術家,
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詩人們,像其他的藝術家一樣,
09:10
play with those intuitive直觀的 understandings理解.
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細細把玩著對直覺的理解。
09:13
In the case案件 of hare野兔,
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像這例子為什麼用野兔這詞,
09:16
it's an ambiguous曖昧 sound聲音 in English英語.
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野兔在英語的用法有另一個含糊不清的意義。
09:18
It can also mean the fibers纖維 that grow增長 from a head.
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也可指長在頭上的毫毛。
09:21
And if we think of that --
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那麼如果我們想像一下-
09:23
let me put the picture圖片 up --
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-讓我用圖像來告訴您們-
09:25
the fibers纖維 represent代表 vulnerability漏洞.
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毫毛代表脆弱。
09:29
They yield產量 to the slightest絲毫 movement運動
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它們會被任何輕微的風吹草動
09:32
or motion運動 or emotion情感.
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或情緒所影響。
09:35
So what you have is an atmosphere大氣層
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所以可以創造出
09:39
of vulnerability漏洞 and tension張力.
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脆弱和緊張氣氛。
09:41
The hare野兔 itself本身, the animal動物 --
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野兔本身-
09:43
not a cat, not a dog, a hare野兔 --
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不是貓,不是狗,而是野兔 -
09:46
why a hare野兔?
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為什麼用野兔這個詞?
09:48
Because think of the picture圖片 --
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想像 這個情景的圖片
09:50
not the word, the picture圖片.
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而不是字,想像圖片。
09:52
The overlong超長 ears耳朵,
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過長的耳朵,
09:54
the overlarge超大 feet,
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超大的腳,
09:56
helps幫助 us to picture圖片, to feel intuitively直觀地,
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幫助我們去想像,直觀地去感受,
09:59
what it means手段 to limp跛行
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這意味著什麼:
10:02
and to tremble顫抖.
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跛腳,顫抖。
10:05
So in these few少數 minutes分鐘,
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我希望在這幾分鐘裡
10:07
I hope希望 I've been able能夠 to share分享
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我已經跟您們分享
10:09
a little bit of my vision視力 of things
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一些些我視野中的世界,
10:12
and to show顯示 you
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並且讓你們知道
10:15
that words can have colors顏色 and emotions情緒,
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文字有色彩和情感,
10:18
numbers數字, shapes形狀 and personalities個性.
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數字,形狀和個性。
10:21
The world世界 is richer更豐富,
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這世界是比我們
10:23
vaster更廣闊
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常以為的
10:25
than it too often經常 seems似乎 to be.
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更富麗的,更遼闊的。
10:28
I hope希望 that I've given特定 you the desire慾望
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我希望我已經挑起你們
10:31
to learn學習 to see the world世界 with new eyes眼睛.
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用新的眼光學習看世界的動機。
10:34
Thank you.
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謝謝。
10:36
(Applause掌聲)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Inder Peng(彭)
Reviewed by Adrienne Lin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Daniel Tammet - Linguist, educator
Daniel Tammet is the author of "Born on a Blue Day," about his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome. He runs the language-learning site Optimnem, and his new book is "Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind."

Why you should listen

Daniel Tammet is a writer, linguist and educator. He is the creator of Optimnem, a website that has provided language learning instruction to thousands around the globe. His 2006 memoir Born on a Blue Day describes his life with high-functioning autistic savant syndrome; his new book, Embracing the Wide Sky: A Tour Across the Horizons of the Mind, is a personal and scientific exploration of how the brain works and the differences and similarities between savant and non-savant minds.

Tammet set a European record on March 14, 2004, when he recited the mathematical constant pi (3.141...) to 22,514 decimal places from memory in a time of 5 hours, 9 minutes.

More profile about the speaker
Daniel Tammet | Speaker | TED.com