ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mark Pollock - Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Why you should listen

Unbroken by blindness in 1998, Mark Pollock went on to compete in ultra-endurance races across deserts, mountains and the polar ice caps and was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. He also won silver and bronze medals for rowing at the Commonwealth Games and set up a motivational speaking business.

In 2010, Pollock was left paralysed after falling from a third story window. He is now exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide and catalyzing collaborations that have never been done before. Through the Mark Pollock Trust, he's unlocking $1 billion to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader and appointed to the Global Futures Council on Human Enhancement, Pollock is a UBS Global Visionary, is on the Board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation and is a Wings for Life Ambassador. With his fiancée, Simone George, he is the subject of the acclaimed documentary called Unbreakable, and is a TED, Davos, World Economic Forum, InnoTown, F.ounders, EG and Wired speaker. In addition, Pollock is co-Founder of the global running series called Run in the Dark

Pollock has been awarded honorary doctorates by The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and from Queens University Belfast. He holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University as well as degrees from Trinity College Dublin and The Smurfit Business School.

More profile about the speaker
Mark Pollock | Speaker | TED.com
Simone George - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist.

Why you should listen

In her human rights legal practice, Simone George represents women and, through them, their children, who are victims of controlling behavior, abuse or violence. Simone believes that the system isn't broken but built this way -- and that getting to justice requires advocates to be more courageous on behalf of those they represent.

Using a principle-based approach to her work, George co-authored the national study, "The lawlessness of the home," co-created an international summit in 2016 to cultivate the leadership required to the system and contributed to amendments to domestic violence legislation that is now a significant statement of legal, social and political justice in Ireland. George was also active in the campaigns for marriage equality and reproductive rights in Ireland. When the Pope came to Ireland in August 2018, George, together with a flying column of activists, created Stand For Truth, an alternative space to stand in solidarity with those abused by the church. 

Building on her legal training that began with law degrees from NUI Galway and a Master's from the College of Europe, Bruges, George went on to create public-private partnerships across Africa for BP Solar. Now, following years in big 5 and boutique law firms in Dublin, she practices as a consultant commercial litigator.

In 2010, George's partner, blind adventure athlete Mark Pollock, broke his back, and together the two learned how paralysis strikes at the very heart of what it means to be human. Her research, which began by Pollock's hospital bed, became the start of their next adventure -- to cure paralysis in our lifetime. She has been a catalyst for ground-breaking collaborations between scientists and robotics engineers working to cure paralysis and is the subject of award-winning feature documentary film, Unbreakable.

In addition, George is a director on the board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, sits on the Advisory Board of HerStory and holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University.

More profile about the speaker
Simone George | Speaker | TED.com
TED2018

Mark Pollock and Simone George: A love letter to realism in a time of grief

馬克帕洛克、席夢喬治: 在悲傷時刻給現實主義的情書

Filmed:
1,768,841 views

面臨人生最艱難的處境時,我們要如何反應?要以樂觀主義、現實主義或其他來反應呢?在這場讓人難忘的演說中,探險家馬克帕洛克和人權律師席夢喬治探究在悲慟時期,接受和希望之間的緊繃關係,也分享他們正在從事的開創性工作,希望能治癒癱瘓。
- Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime. Full bio - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Simone西蒙娜 George喬治: I met會見 Mark標記
when he was just blind.
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席夢喬治:我遇見
馬克時,他剛失明。
00:17
I had returned home to live生活 in Dublin都柏林
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我當時是要返鄉在都柏林定居,
00:19
after the odyssey奧德賽 that was my 20s,
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在那之前我長途飄泊,
那是我二十多歲時,
00:22
educating教育 my interest利益 in human人的 rights權利
and equality平等 in university大學,
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在學校我接受的教育
是我感興趣的人權及平等,
00:27
traveling旅行 the world世界,
like my nomad游牧 grandmother祖母.
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我也像我的遊牧民族
祖母一樣,行遍世界。
00:30
And during a two-year兩年 stint限制
working加工 in Madrid馬德里,
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在馬德里工作的兩年期間,
00:34
dancing跳舞 many許多 nights
till直到 morning早上 in salsa莎莎 clubs會所.
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許多夜晚我都在騷沙俱樂部
跳舞跳到早上。
00:39
When I met會見 Mark標記, he asked me
to teach him to dance舞蹈.
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當我遇到馬克時,他要我教他跳舞。
00:43
And I did.
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我教了。
00:45
They were wonderful精彩 times,
long nights talking,
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那些時光很快樂,在夜晚長談,
00:48
becoming變得 friends朋友
and eventually終於 falling落下 for each other.
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我們變成朋友,最終愛上彼此。
00:53
Mark標記 had lost丟失 his sight視力 when he was 22,
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馬克在他二十二歲時失明,
00:55
and the man that I met會見 eight years年份 later後來
was rebuilding重建 his identity身分,
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我在八年之後遇到他,
他那時正在重建他的身分,
01:00
the cornerstone基石 of which哪一個
was this incredible難以置信 spirit精神
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身分的基石,
就是這了不起的精神,
01:04
that had taken採取 him to the Gobi戈壁 Desert沙漠,
where he ran six marathons馬拉松 in seven days.
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這股精神帶他到戈壁沙漠,
在七天之內跑了六場馬拉松。
01:09
And to marathons馬拉松 at the North Pole,
and from Everest珠峰 Base基礎 Camp.
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他還跑了北極馬拉松
和從聖母峰登山基地開跑的馬拉松。
01:15
When I asked him what had led
to this high-octane高辛烷值 life,
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我問他,是什麼讓他的生活
過得這麼精力旺盛?
01:19
he quoted Nietzsche尼采:
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他引用尼采的話:
01:21
"He, who has a Why to live生活,
can bear with almost幾乎 any How."
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「人只要參透為何而活,
即能承受幾乎任何煎熬。」
01:27
He had come across橫過 the quote引用
in a really beautiful美麗 book
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他在一本很美好的書中
看到這句引述,
01:30
called "Man's人的 Search搜索 for Meaning含義,"
by Viktor Frankl弗蘭克爾,
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書名叫《活出意義來》,
作者是弗蘭克,
01:33
a neurologist神經學家 and psychiatrist心理醫生
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他是位神經學家和精神病學家,
01:35
who survived倖存 years年份
in a Nazi納粹 concentration濃度 camp.
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在納粹集中營中度過
很多年並存活下來。
01:39
Frankl弗蘭克爾 used this Nietzsche尼采 quote引用
to explain說明 to us
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弗蘭克引用尼采的這句話
來跟讀者解釋
01:43
that when we can no longer change更改
our circumstances情況,
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當我們無法再改變我們的處境時,
01:47
we are challenged挑戰 to change更改 ourselves我們自己.
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我們可以挑戰去改變我們自己。
01:52
Mark標記 Pollock波洛克: Eventually終於,
I did rebuild重建 my identity身分,
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馬克帕洛克:最終,
我確實重建了我的身分,
01:55
and the Why for me
was about competing競爭 again,
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對我來說,我的「為何而活」
是要能夠再次競爭,
01:58
because pursuing追求 success成功
and risking冒著 failure失敗
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因為追求成功和冒著失敗的風險,
02:02
was simply只是 how I felt normal正常.
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就是讓我感覺正常的方式。
02:05
And I finished the rebuild重建
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我完成重建的時候,
02:08
on the 10th anniversary週年
of losing失去 my sight視力.
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是我失明的十週年。
02:11
I took part部分 in a 43-day-天 expedition遠征 race種族
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我參加了一場
43 天的探險越野賽,
02:15
in the coldest最冷, most remote遠程,
most challenging具有挑戰性的 place地點 on earth地球.
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地點在地球上最冷、最偏遠、
最有挑戰性的地方。
02:20
It was the first race種族 to the South Pole
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這是一百年前謝克頓、
史考特和亞曼森
02:22
since以來 Shackleton沙克爾頓, Scott斯科特 and Amundsen阿蒙森
set foot腳丫子 in Antarctica南極洲, 100 years年份 before.
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登上南極洲之後的
第一場南極賽事。
02:30
And putting the demons惡魔
of blindness失明 behind背後 me
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隨著朝地極邁進的每一步,
02:32
with every一切 step towards the pole,
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我把失明的惡魔拋在身後,
02:35
it offered提供 me a long-lasting持久的
sense of contentment滿意.
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這場比賽給了我很持久的滿足感。
02:41
As it turned轉身 out,
I would need that in reserve保留,
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結果發現,我的確
需要儲備著那滿足感,
02:44
because one year after my return返回,
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因為在我返回一年後,
02:49
in, arguably按理說, the safest最安全 place地點 on earth地球,
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在可以說是地球上最安全的地方,
02:52
a bedroom臥室 at a friend's朋友的 house,
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一個朋友家中的臥室裡,
02:55
I fell下跌 from a third-story第三,故事 window窗口
onto the concrete具體 below下面.
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我從三樓高的窗戶
摔落到下面的水泥地上。
03:02
I don't know how it happened發生.
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我不知道是怎麼發生的。
03:04
I think I must必須 have got up
to go to the bathroom浴室.
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我想我應該是起床要去上廁所。
03:07
And because I'm blind,
I used to run my hand along沿 the wall
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因為我看不見,我以前都會
用手扶著牆壁來找到路。
03:12
to find my way.
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03:14
That night, my hand found發現 an open打開 space空間
where the closed關閉 window窗口 should have been.
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那晚,我摸到了一個開放空間,
那裡本來應該是關閉的窗戶。
03:21
And I cartwheeledcartwheeled out.
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我側翻摔出去。
03:23
My friends朋友 who found發現 me
thought I was dead.
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我朋友發現我時,以為我死了。
03:26
When I got to hospital醫院,
the doctors醫生 thought I was going to die,
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當我被送到醫院時,
醫生以為我死定了,
03:29
and when I realized實現
what was happening事件 to me,
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當我知道我發生了什麼事之後,
03:32
I thought that dying垂死 might威力 have been ...
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我以為死亡可能會是…
03:37
might威力 have been the best最好 outcome結果.
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可能會是最好的結果。
03:40
And lying說謊 in intensive集約 care關心,
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躺在加護病房中,
03:42
facing面對 the prospect展望
of being存在 blind and paralyzed,
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面對著將來可能既失明又癱瘓,
03:47
high on morphine嗎啡, I was trying
to make sense of what was going on.
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加上高劑量的嗎啡,我試著
為發生的事找出合理的理由。
03:53
And one night, lying說謊 flat平面 on my back,
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有天晚上,我平躺著。
03:55
I felt for my phone電話 to write a blog博客,
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我用手摸找我的手機,
想要寫篇網誌,
04:02
trying to explain說明 how I should respond響應.
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試圖解釋我應該要如何反應。
04:04
It was called "Optimist樂天派, Realist現實主義
or Something Else其他?"
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文章名稱做「樂觀主義者、
現實主義者,或其他?」
04:08
and it drew德魯 on the experiences經驗
of Admiral上將 Stockdale斯托克代爾,
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文章用到了史托迪爾上將的經驗,
04:12
who was a POW戰俘 in the Vietnam越南 war戰爭.
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他是越戰時的戰俘。
04:16
He was incarcerated嵌頓, tortured折磨,
for over seven years年份.
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他遭到監禁、刑求,長達七年。
04:21
His circumstances情況 were bleak蒼涼,
but he survived倖存.
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他的處境毫無希望,但他存活下來。
04:25
The ones那些 who didn't survive生存
were the optimists樂觀主義者.
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樂觀主義者反而沒有存活下來。
04:29
They said, "We'll be out by Christmas聖誕,"
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他們說:「到聖誕節
我們就能出去了。」
04:31
and Christmas聖誕 would come
and Christmas聖誕 would go,
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然後聖誕節來了,聖誕節過了,
04:33
and then it would be Christmas聖誕 again,
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下一個聖誕節又來了,
04:36
and when they didn't get out,
they became成為 disappointed失望, demoralized士氣低落
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當他們沒有真的出去時,
他們變得很失望、洩氣,
04:41
and many許多 of them died死亡 in their cells細胞.
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當中很多人都死在牢房當中。
04:46
Stockdale斯托克代爾 was a realist現實主義者.
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史托迪爾是現實主義者。
04:49
He was inspired啟發 by the stoic堅忍 philosophers哲學家,
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他的啟發來自堅忍的哲學家,
04:52
and he confronted面對 the brutal野蠻
facts事實 of his circumstances情況
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他正視自己處境的殘酷事實,
04:59
while maintaining維持 a faith信仰
that he would prevail戰勝 in the end結束.
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同時保持信念,相信他最終會獲勝。
05:04
And in that blog博客, I was trying to apply應用
his thinking思維 as a realist現實主義者
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在那篇網誌中,我試著
把他的現實主義者思想
05:08
to my increasingly日益 bleak蒼涼 circumstances情況.
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應用到我越來越沒希望的處境上。
05:11
During the many許多 months個月
of heart infections感染 and kidney infections感染
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我跌落之後,有好幾個月的時間,
我心臟感染、腎臟感染,
在生死邊緣掙扎,
05:15
after my fall秋季, at the very
edge邊緣 of survival生存,
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05:20
Simone西蒙娜 and I faced面對
the fundamental基本的 question:
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我和席夢面臨了一個很重要的問題:
05:25
How do you resolve解決 the tension張力
between之間 acceptance驗收 and hope希望?
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如何消除接受和希望間的緊繃關係?
05:30
And it's that that we want
to explore探索 with you now.
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這就是我們想要與各位
一同探究的主題。
05:35
SGSG: After I got the call,
I caught抓住 the first flight飛行 to England英國
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席:我接到電話之後,
立刻搭上第一班飛機飛往英國,
05:38
and arrived到達 into the brightly明亮地 lit發光的
intensive集約 care關心 ward病房,
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抵到了燈火通明的加護病房,
05:42
where Mark標記 was lying說謊 naked,
just under a sheet,
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馬克裸身躺著,僅蓋著一張薄床單,
05:45
connected連接的 to machines
that were monitoring監控 if he would live生活.
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機器接在他身上,
監控他是否還活著。
05:50
I said, "I'm here, Mark標記."
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我說:「我來了,馬克。」
05:53
And he cried哭了 tears眼淚 he seemed似乎
to have saved保存 just for me.
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他流下眼淚,彷彿
那些眼淚是為我保留的。
05:58
I wanted to gather收集 him in my arms武器,
but I couldn't不能 move移動 him,
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我好想擁抱他,但我不能去動他,
06:03
and so I kissed him
the way you kiss a newborn新生 baby寶寶,
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所以我用親吻新生寶寶的方式吻他,
06:07
terrified of their fragility脆弱性.
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怕傷了脆弱的他們。
06:10
Later後來 that afternoon下午, when the bad news新聞
had been laid鋪設 out for us --
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當天下午晚些時候,
我們聽到了壞消息:
06:14
fractured骨折 skull頭骨, bleeds出血 on his brain,
a possible可能 torn撕裂 aorta大動脈
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頭骨破裂、腦出血,
可能還有主動脈破裂,
06:19
and a spine脊柱 broken破碎 in two places地方,
no movement運動 or feeling感覺 below下面 his waist腰部 --
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脊椎也有兩處斷裂,
腰部以下沒有感覺,也無法動作。
06:25
Mark標記 said to me, "Come here.
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馬克對我說:「過來這裡。
06:29
You need to get yourself你自己
as far away from this as possible可能."
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你得要讓你自己
盡可能遠離這件事。」
06:35
As I tried試著 to process處理 what he was saying,
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我試圖想通他在說什麼。
06:38
I was thinking思維, "What the hell地獄
is wrong錯誤 with you?"
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我心想:「你是怎麼搞的?」
06:41
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:43
"We can't do this now."
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「我們現在不能這樣。」
06:45
So I asked him,
"Are you breaking破壞 up with me?"
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所以,我問他:
「你是要和我分手嗎?」
06:49
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
06:52
And he said, "Look, you signed up
for the blindness失明, but not this."
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他說:「聽著,你選擇接受的是
失明的我,但不是這種狀況。」
06:58
And I answered回答,
"We don't even know what this is,
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我回答:「我們甚至
還不知道這是什麼狀況,
07:01
but what I do know
is what I can't handle處理 right now
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但我知道當我所愛的人
還在加護病房時,
07:04
is a breakup分手 while someone有人 I love
is in intensive集約 care關心."
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我無法處理分手這種事。」
07:07
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:09
So I called on my negotiation談判 skills技能
and suggested建議 we make a deal合同.
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所以,我使出談判技巧,
建議我們做個約定。
07:14
I said, "I will stay with you
as long as you need me,
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我說:「只要你還需要我,
我就會陪著你,
07:17
as long as your back needs需求 me.
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只要你背部的復原還需要我。
07:20
And when you no longer need me,
then we talk about our relationship關係."
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當你不再需要我時,
我們再來談我們的關係。」
07:24
Like a contract合同 with the possibility可能性
to renew更新 in six months個月.
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這就像一份合約,
很可能每六個月就會更新。
07:28
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
07:31
He agreed約定 and I stayed.
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他同意了,而我留下了。
07:34
In fact事實, I refused拒絕 to go home
even to pack a bag, I slept by his bed,
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事實上,我甚至拒絕回家打包
一些東西過來,我就睡在他床邊,
07:38
when he could eat, I made製作 all his food餐飲,
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在他能進食時,
他的食物都是我做的,
07:41
and we cried哭了, one or other
or both of us together一起, every一切 day.
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我們每天都會哭,有時他哭,
有時我哭,有時我們一起哭。
07:47
I made製作 all the complicated複雜 decisions決定
with the doctors醫生,
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我和醫生一起做所有複雜的決定,
07:50
I climbed爬上 right into that raging憤怒 river
over rapids急流 that was sweeping籠統的 Mark標記 along沿.
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我攀進那條一路沖向馬克的
洶湧河流當中。
08:00
And at the first bend彎曲 in that river,
Mark's分數 surgeon外科醫生 told us
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在那條河流的第一個彎處,
馬克的外科醫生告訴我們,
08:04
what movement運動 and feeling感覺
he doesn't get back in the first 12 weeks,
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若馬克在前十二週之內
無法恢復的動作和感覺,
08:08
he's unlikely不會 to get back at all.
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將來就可能再也無法恢復了。
08:13
So, sitting坐在 by his bed,
I began開始 to research研究 why,
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所以,我坐在他的床邊,
開始研究為什麼
08:16
after this period they call spinal shock休克,
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在這個所謂的「脊髓損傷」期之後,
08:19
there's no recovery復甦, there's no therapy治療,
there's no cure治愈, there's no hope希望.
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就沒有恢復、沒有治療、
沒有痊癒、沒有希望。
08:25
And the internet互聯網 became成為 this portal門戶
to a magical神奇 other world世界.
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網際網路變成了通往
另一個魔法世界的入口。
08:29
I emailed電子郵件 scientists科學家們,
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我寫電子郵件給科學家,
08:31
and they broke打破 through通過 paywalls付費
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他們打破了付費牆,
08:33
and sent發送 me their medical journal日誌
and science科學 journal日誌 articles用品 directly.
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直接把醫學期刊
和科學期刊的文章寄給我。
08:37
I read everything that "Superman超人" actor演員
Christopher克里斯托弗 Reeve里夫 had achieved實現,
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我讀了和《超人》演員
克里斯多夫李維
落馬之後辦到的事有關的所有資訊,
08:40
after a fall秋季 from a horse
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08:42
left him paralyzed from
the neck頸部 down and ventilated通風.
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落馬意外讓他頸部以下癱瘓並氣切。
08:46
Christopher克里斯托弗 had broken破碎 this 12-week-周 spell拼寫;
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克里斯多夫打破了這十二週的魔咒;
08:49
he had regained失而復得 some movement運動 and feeling感覺
years年份 after his accident事故.
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在他的意外之後數年,
他恢復了一些動作和感覺。
08:54
He dreamed夢見 of a world世界
of empty wheelchairs輪椅.
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他夢想不使用輪椅的世界。
08:59
And Christopher克里斯托弗 and the scientists科學家們
he worked工作 with fueled燃料 us with hope希望.
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克里斯多夫和他合作的科學家
讓我們充滿希望。
09:06
MPMP: You see, spinal cord injury
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馬:要知道脊髓損傷直接命中靶心,
09:08
strikes罷工 at the very heart
of what it means手段 to be human人的.
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攻擊人生而為人的意義。
09:12
And it had turned轉身 me from my upright直立,
standing常設, running賽跑 form形成,
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它把我從直挺挺站立、跑步的形式
09:17
into a seated坐在 compromise妥協 of myself.
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轉變成以坐姿妥協的我。
09:21
And it's not just the lack缺乏
of feeling感覺 and movement運動.
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癱瘓不只是少了感覺和動作。
09:24
Paralysis麻痺 also interferes干涉
with the body's身體的 internal內部 systems系統,
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癱瘓也會影響到身體的內在系統,
09:28
which哪一個 are designed設計 to keep us alive.
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目的是要維生的系統。
09:31
Multiple infections感染, nerve神經 pain疼痛,
spasms痙攣, shortened縮短 life spans跨度 are common共同.
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多重感染、神經痛、痙攣、
生命縮短都很常見,
09:36
And these are the things that exhaust排氣
even the most determined決心
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這些甚至使全世界六千萬癱瘓者
當中最堅定的人精疲力盡。
09:39
of the 60 million百萬 people
around the world世界 who are paralyzed.
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09:45
Over 16 months個月 in hospital醫院,
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在醫院待了十六個月,
09:48
Simone西蒙娜 and I were presented呈現
with the expert專家 view視圖
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我和席夢得到的專家看法是:
已有證明顯示,
09:51
that hoping希望 for a cure治愈 had proven證明
to be psychologically心理 damaging有害.
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「希望能痊癒」會造成心理上的傷害。
09:55
It was like the formal正式 medical system系統
was canceling取消 hope希望
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就好像正式的醫療體制
就只取消希望,讓病人認命。
09:59
in favor偏愛 of acceptance驗收 alone單獨.
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10:02
But canceling取消 hope希望 ran contrary相反
to everything that we believed相信 in.
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但取消希望完全違背了
我們所相信的一切。
10:09
Yes, up to this point in history歷史,
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是的,在歷史上,一直到這個時點,
10:12
it had proven證明 to be impossible不可能
to find a cure治愈 for paralysis麻痺,
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已經證明癱瘓是無解的,
10:15
but history歷史 is filled填充 with the kinds
of the impossible不可能 made製作 possible可能
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但歷史上也有非常多的不可能,
透過人類的努力,變成可能。
10:20
through通過 human人的 endeavor努力.
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10:22
The kind of human人的 endeavor努力
that took explorers探險 to the South Pole
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在上個世紀末,正是那種人類的努力
讓探險家到南極去的那種努力。
10:25
at the start開始 of the last century世紀.
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10:27
And the kind of human人的 endeavor努力
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1960
那種人類的努力,
10:29
that will take adventurers冒險家 to Mars火星
in the early part部分 of this century世紀.
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將能夠在這個世紀前期
把冒險家帶到火星上。
10:34
So we started開始 asking,
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所以,我們開始問:
10:36
"Why can't that same相同 human人的 endeavor努力
cure治愈 paralysis麻痺 in our lifetime一生?"
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「為什麼同樣的人類努力無法
治癒我們人生中的癱瘓?」
10:42
SGSG: Well, we really believed相信 that it can.
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席:我們真心相信是可以的。
10:45
My research研究 taught us
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我的研究告訴我們,
10:47
that we needed需要 to remind提醒
Mark's分數 damaged破損 and dormant休眠 spinal cord
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我們得要提醒馬克
那受損且休眠的脊髓
10:52
of its upright直立, standing常設, running賽跑 form形成,
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它原本直挺挺站立、跑步的形式,
10:54
and we found發現 San Francisco-based基於舊金山
engineers工程師 at EksoEKSO Bionics仿生學,
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我們找上了舊金山
Ekso Bionics 公司的工程師,
10:59
who created創建 this robotic機器人 exoskeleton外骨骼
that would allow允許 Mark標記 to stand and walk步行
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在我們開始建造的都柏林實驗室中
11:03
in the lab實驗室 that we started開始
to build建立 in Dublin都柏林.
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打造了這套機械外骨骼,
讓馬克可以站立和行走。
11:07
Mark標記 became成為 the first person
to personally親自 own擁有 an exo,
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馬克成了第一個擁有外骨骼的個人,
11:11
and since以來 then, he and the robot機器人
have walked over one million百萬 steps腳步.
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從那之後,他和機器人
已經走了超過一百萬步。
11:17
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
11:22
It was bit of an early celebration慶典,
because actually其實 it wasn't enough足夠,
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慶祝還太早了些,因為那樣並不夠,
11:26
the robot機器人 was doing all of the work,
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一切都是靠機器人在做,
11:29
so we needed需要 to plug插頭 Mark標記 in.
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我們得要把馬克接上去。
11:31
So we connected連接的
the San Francisco弗朗西斯科 engineers工程師
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所以我們連結舊金山的工程師
和真正有遠見的
加大洛杉磯分校雷吉艾傑頓博士,
11:34
with a true真正 visionary空想家 in UCLA加州大學洛杉磯分校,
Dr博士. Reggie雷吉 Edgerton埃傑頓,
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11:39
the most beautiful美麗 man
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他是最美好的人,
11:41
and his team's球隊的 life work had resulted導致
in a scientific科學 breakthrough突破.
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他的團隊投入一生的成果,
帶來了科學上的突破。
11:46
Using運用 electrical電動 stimulation促進
of the spinal cord,
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用脊髓的電刺激,
11:49
a number of subjects主題
have been able能夠 to stand,
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許多受測對象已經能夠站立,
11:52
and because of that,
regain恢復 some movement運動 and feeling感覺
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也因此能恢復一些動作和感覺,
11:55
and most importantly重要的,
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最重要的是,
11:57
to regain恢復 some of the body's身體的
internal內部 functions功能
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也恢復了身體的一些內部功能,
12:00
that are designed設計 to keep us alive
and to make that life a pleasure樂趣.
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用來維生並讓人生
成為一種樂事的功能。
12:06
Electrical電動 stimulation促進 of the spinal cord,
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我們認為,對脊髓做電刺激
12:09
we think, is the first meaningful富有意義的
therapy治療 ever for paralyzed people.
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對癱瘓者而言
是第一個有意義的治療法。
12:16
Now, of course課程,
the San Francisco弗朗西斯科 engineers工程師
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當然,舊金山的工程師
及加州大學洛杉磯分校的科學家
12:18
and the scientists科學家們 in UCLA加州大學洛杉磯分校
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12:20
knew知道 about each other,
knew知道 about each other's其他 work.
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知道彼此,也知道彼此在做的研究。
12:23
But as so often經常 happens發生
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但常常發生的狀況是,
12:25
when we're busy creating創建
groundbreaking奠基 scientific科學 research研究,
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當我們忙著
創造突破性的科學研究時,
12:32
they hadn't有沒有 quite相當 yet然而 got together一起.
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他們尚未湊在一起。
12:35
That seemed似乎 to be our job工作 now.
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現在,這似乎就是我們的工作了。
12:38
So we created創建 our first collaboration合作,
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所以我們促成了第一次的合作,
12:41
and the moment時刻 when we combined結合
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在我們結合了馬克的
脊髓電刺激的那一刻,
12:43
the electrical電動 stimulation促進
of Mark's分數 spinal cord,
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12:46
as he walked in his robotic機器人 exoskeleton外骨骼,
198
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當他用他的機械外骨骼來行走時,
12:48
was like that moment時刻 when Iron Man
plugs插頭 the mini微型 arc reactor反應堆 into his chest胸部
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就好像鋼鐵人裝上了
胸口的迷你反應爐的時刻,
12:53
and suddenly突然 he and his suit適合
become成為 something else其他 altogether.
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突然間他和鋼鐵裝
一起變成另一種東西。
12:59
MPMP: Simone西蒙娜, my robot機器人 and I moved移動
into the lab實驗室 at UCLA加州大學洛杉磯分校 for three months個月.
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馬:席夢、我的機器人,和我
一起搬入加州大學
洛杉磯分校的實驗室三個月。
13:04
And every一切 day, Reggie雷吉 and his team球隊
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每天,雷吉和他的團隊
13:07
put electrodes電極 onto the skin皮膚
on my lower降低 back,
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會把電極連結到我下背的皮膚上,
13:10
pushed electricity電力 into my spinal cord
to excite激發 my nervous緊張 system系統,
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將電送入我的脊髓中,
刺激我的神經系統,
13:15
as I walked in my exo.
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同時我則用我的外骨骼來走路。
13:18
And for the first time
since以來 I was paralyzed,
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那是我癱瘓之後第一次
13:20
I could feel my legs underneath me.
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能夠感受到我下半身的雙腳。
13:24
Not normally一般 --
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通常是感受不到的——
13:25
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
13:27
Thank you.
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謝謝你們。
13:28
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
13:30
It wasn't a normal正常 feeling感覺,
but with the stimulator刺激 turned轉身 on,
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那不是一般的感覺,
但當刺激器開啟,
13:33
upright直立 in my exo,
my legs felt substantial大量的.
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我的外骨骼直立起來時,
我的雙腳感覺很實在。
13:37
I could feel the meat of my muscles肌肉
on the bones骨頭 of my legs,
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我能夠感覺到我的腿骨
上面有我的肌肉,
13:43
and as I walked,
because of the stimulation促進,
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當我行走時,因為那刺激,
13:46
I was able能夠 to voluntarily自行 move移動
my paralyzed legs.
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我能夠自主地移動我癱瘓的雙腳。
13:49
And as I did more,
the robot機器人 intelligently智能 did less.
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當我能夠做更多時
機器人就很智慧地配合少做。
13:54
My heart rate got a normal正常
running賽跑, training訓練 zone
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我的心跳率很正常,在每分鐘
140~160 下的訓練區間,
13:58
of 140 to 160 beats節拍 per minute分鐘,
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14:01
and my muscles肌肉, which哪一個 had
almost幾乎 entirely完全 disappeared消失,
220
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我本已幾乎全都消失的肌肉
14:05
started開始 to come back.
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也漸漸長回來了。
14:07
And during some standard標準 testing測試
throughout始終 the process處理,
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在過程中做的標準測試,
14:11
flat平面 on my back,
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我平躺著,
14:12
twelve十二 weeks, six months個月
and three whole整個 years年份
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我從窗戶跌落並癱瘓之後
十二週、六個月、整整三年過了。
14:16
after I fell下跌 out that window窗口
and became成為 paralyzed,
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14:20
the scientists科學家們 turned轉身 the stimulator刺激 on
226
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科學家啟動刺激,
14:24
and I pulled my knee膝蓋 to my chest胸部.
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我把膝蓋拉向胸口。
14:28
(Video視頻) Man: OK, start開始,
go, go, go, go, go.
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3286
(影片)男子:好,開始,
來,來,來,來。
14:32
Good, good, good.
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很好,很好,很好。
14:33
SGSG: Yeah, yeah, go on, Mark標記,
go on, go, go, go, go, go, wow!
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席:對,對,繼續,馬克,
繼續,來,來,來,來,哇!
14:37
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
14:38
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:40
SGSG: Well doneDONE!
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席:做得好!
14:41
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
14:45
MPMP: Do you know, this week,
I've been saying to Simone西蒙娜,
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馬:你們知道嗎,
這週我一直對席夢說,
14:47
if we could forget忘記 about the paralysis麻痺,
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875779
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如果我們能夠忘了癱瘓這件事,
14:50
you know, the last few少數 years年份
have been incredibly令人難以置信 exciting扣人心弦.
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那麼過去幾年真是非常讓人興奮。
14:53
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
14:56
Now, the problem問題 is, we can't quite相當
forget忘記 about the paralysis麻痺 just yet然而.
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問題是,我們還不太能夠
忘記癱瘓這件事。
15:01
And clearly明確地, we're not finished,
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顯然我們還沒結束,
15:02
because when we left that pilot飛行員 study研究
and went back to Dublin都柏林,
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因為當我們離開那試驗性研究,
回都柏林,我坐著輪椅回家,
15:05
I rolled熱軋 home in my wheelchair輪椅
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15:07
and I'm still paralyzed
and I'm still blind
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我仍然癱瘓、失明。
15:10
and we're primarily主要 focusing調焦
on the paralysis麻痺 at the moment時刻,
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那時我們主要把焦點放在癱瘓上,
15:13
but being存在 at this conference會議,
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但在這場大會上,
15:14
we're kind of interested有興趣 if anyone任何人
does have a cure治愈 for blindness失明,
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我們還蠻想知道有沒有人
會有辦法治癒失明,
15:17
we'll take that as well.
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那我們也想要。
15:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
15:21
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
15:27
But if you remember記得
the blog博客 that I mentioned提到,
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但,如果你們還記得
我提到的那篇網誌,
15:30
it posed構成 a question
of how we should respond響應,
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它提出一個問題:我們該如何反應,
15:33
optimist樂天派, realist現實主義者 or something else其他?
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樂觀主義者、現實主義者,或其他?
15:36
And I think we have come to understand理解
that the optimists樂觀主義者 rely依靠 on hope希望 alone單獨
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我想,我們漸漸了解到
樂觀主義者只仰賴希望,
15:40
and they risk風險 being存在
disappointed失望 and demoralized士氣低落.
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他們要冒的風險就是失望和洩氣。
15:44
The realists現實主義者, on the other hand,
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另一方面,現實主義者
15:48
they accept接受 the brutal野蠻 facts事實
and they keep hope希望 alive, as well.
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接受殘酷的事實,同時仍保有希望。
15:54
The realists現實主義者 have managed管理 to resolve解決
the tension張力 between之間 acceptance驗收 and hope希望
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現實主義者有辦法消除
在接受和希望之間的緊繃關係,
15:59
by running賽跑 them in parallel平行.
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做法就是讓兩者平行進行。
16:02
And that's what Simone西蒙娜 and I
have been trying to do
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在過去幾年間,
我和席夢也一直在試著這麼做。
16:04
over the last number of years年份.
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16:06
Look, I accept接受 the wheelchair輪椅 --
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我接受輪椅——
16:08
I mean, it's almost幾乎 impossible不可能 not to.
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我的意思是,幾乎不可能不接受。
16:11
And we're sad傷心, sometimes有時,
for what we've我們已經 lost丟失.
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有時,對於我們所失去的,
我們會感到悲傷。
16:14
I accept接受 that I, and other wheelchair輪椅
users用戶, can and do live生活 fulfilling履行 lives生活,
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我能接受我和其他輪椅使用者
能夠且確實過著滿足的生活,
16:20
despite儘管 the nerve神經 pain疼痛
and the spasms痙攣 and the infections感染
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儘管要承受神經痛、痙攣、感染,
16:23
and the shortened縮短 life spans跨度.
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以及縮短的壽命。
16:25
And I accept接受 that it is way more difficult
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我也接受對於從脖子以下
癱瘓的人來說,一切都更困難。
16:28
for people who are paralyzed
from the neck頸部 down.
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16:30
For those who rely依靠
on ventilators通風 機 to breathe呼吸,
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還有要靠呼吸器呼吸的人、
16:33
and for those who don't have access訪問
to adequate充足, free自由 health健康 care關心.
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4746
以及無法取得適當、
免費健康照護的人。
16:38
So, that is why we also hope希望
for another另一個 life.
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那是為什麼我們也希望有另一人生,
16:44
A life where we have created創建 a cure治愈
through通過 collaboration合作.
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3802
那個我們透過合作創造療法的人生。
16:48
A cure治愈 that we are actively積極地 working加工
to release發布 from university大學 labs實驗室
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4652
我們很主動努力想要
從全世界各大學實驗室釋出的療法,
16:53
around the world世界
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1285
16:54
and share分享 with everyone大家 who needs需求 it.
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並想要和任何需要的人分享。
16:59
SGSG: I met會見 Mark標記 when he was just blind.
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席:我遇見馬克時,他剛失明。
17:04
He asked me to teach him
to dance舞蹈, and I did.
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他要我教他跳舞,而我教了。
17:08
One night, after dance舞蹈 classes,
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1722
有一天晚上,在舞蹈課後,
17:09
I turned轉身 to say goodnight晚安
to him at his front面前 door,
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2458
在他家門前,我轉身向他說晚安,
17:12
and to his gorgeous華麗 guide指南 dog, Larry拉里.
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2857
也跟他那隻很棒的
導盲犬賴瑞說晚安。
17:15
I realized實現, that in switching交換
all the lights燈火 off in the apartment公寓
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3309
我知道,在我離開之前
關掉公寓內的所有燈光
17:19
before I left,
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1167
17:20
that I was leaving離開 him in the dark黑暗.
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1918
就是把他丟在黑暗中。
17:23
I burst爆裂 into uncontrollable不可控 tears眼淚
and tried試著 to hide隱藏 it, but he knew知道.
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6157
我無法控制地突然哭起來,
我試著隱藏,但他知道。
17:30
And he hugged擁抱 me and said,
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2880
他擁抱了我,說:
「啊,可憐的席夢。
17:33
"Ah, poor較差的 Simone西蒙娜.
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1041188
1465
17:35
You're back in 1998, when I went blind.
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2831
你回到了 1998 年,
我失明的時候。
17:39
Don't worry擔心, it turns out OK in the end結束."
288
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3349
別擔心,最後結果是沒事的。」
17:44
Acceptance接受 is knowing會心
that grief哀思 is a raging憤怒 river.
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5326
接受就是知道那哀慟是一條怒河。
17:51
And you have to get into it.
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1867
你得要踏進河裡。
17:53
Because when you do,
it carries攜帶 you to the next下一個 place地點.
291
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3667
因為當你這麼做時,
它就會帶你到下一個地方。
17:58
It eventually終於 takes you to open打開 land土地,
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2690
它最終會帶你到一片開放的大地,
18:00
somewhere某處 where it will
turn out OK in the end結束.
293
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3516
在那裡,最終,一切都會沒事的。
18:06
And it truly has been a love story故事,
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2667
這真的是個愛情故事,
18:09
an expansive廣闊, abundant豐富,
deeply satisfying滿意的 kind of love
295
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5778
廣闊、豐富、深深滿足的那種愛,
18:15
for our fellow同伴 humans人類 and everyone大家
in this act法案 of creation創建.
296
1083452
5117
給我們的人類同胞
及這創造行為中的每個人。
18:22
Science科學 is love.
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2024
科學是愛。
我們在這領域遇到的每個人
18:25
Everyone大家 we've我們已經 met會見 in this field領域
298
1093149
1603
18:26
just wants to get their work
from the bench長凳 and into people's人們 lives生活.
299
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4049
都只想把他們的研究從工作台上
推進到人們的生命當中。
18:31
And it's our job工作 to help them to do that.
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而我們的工作就是協助他們做到。
18:35
Because when we do,
we and everyone大家 with us
301
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4244
因為當我們這麼做時,
我們以及在這創造行為中
我們身邊的每個人
18:39
in this act法案 of creation創建
302
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1888
18:41
will be able能夠 to say,
303
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2247
都將能夠說:
18:43
"We did it.
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1111832
1674
「我們辦到了。接著我們跳舞。」
18:45
And then we danced跳舞."
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18:49
(Video視頻) (Music音樂)
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6525
(影片)(音樂)
18:56
SGSG: Thank you.
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席:謝謝大家。
18:58
(Applause掌聲)
308
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4909
(掌聲)
19:03
MPMP: Thank you.
309
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1158
馬克:謝謝大家。
19:04
(Applause掌聲)
310
1132940
6909
(掌聲)
19:13
Thank you.
311
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1150
謝謝大家。
19:14
(Applause掌聲)
312
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6935
(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Helen Chang

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mark Pollock - Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Why you should listen

Unbroken by blindness in 1998, Mark Pollock went on to compete in ultra-endurance races across deserts, mountains and the polar ice caps and was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. He also won silver and bronze medals for rowing at the Commonwealth Games and set up a motivational speaking business.

In 2010, Pollock was left paralysed after falling from a third story window. He is now exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide and catalyzing collaborations that have never been done before. Through the Mark Pollock Trust, he's unlocking $1 billion to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader and appointed to the Global Futures Council on Human Enhancement, Pollock is a UBS Global Visionary, is on the Board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation and is a Wings for Life Ambassador. With his fiancée, Simone George, he is the subject of the acclaimed documentary called Unbreakable, and is a TED, Davos, World Economic Forum, InnoTown, F.ounders, EG and Wired speaker. In addition, Pollock is co-Founder of the global running series called Run in the Dark

Pollock has been awarded honorary doctorates by The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and from Queens University Belfast. He holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University as well as degrees from Trinity College Dublin and The Smurfit Business School.

More profile about the speaker
Mark Pollock | Speaker | TED.com
Simone George - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist.

Why you should listen

In her human rights legal practice, Simone George represents women and, through them, their children, who are victims of controlling behavior, abuse or violence. Simone believes that the system isn't broken but built this way -- and that getting to justice requires advocates to be more courageous on behalf of those they represent.

Using a principle-based approach to her work, George co-authored the national study, "The lawlessness of the home," co-created an international summit in 2016 to cultivate the leadership required to the system and contributed to amendments to domestic violence legislation that is now a significant statement of legal, social and political justice in Ireland. George was also active in the campaigns for marriage equality and reproductive rights in Ireland. When the Pope came to Ireland in August 2018, George, together with a flying column of activists, created Stand For Truth, an alternative space to stand in solidarity with those abused by the church. 

Building on her legal training that began with law degrees from NUI Galway and a Master's from the College of Europe, Bruges, George went on to create public-private partnerships across Africa for BP Solar. Now, following years in big 5 and boutique law firms in Dublin, she practices as a consultant commercial litigator.

In 2010, George's partner, blind adventure athlete Mark Pollock, broke his back, and together the two learned how paralysis strikes at the very heart of what it means to be human. Her research, which began by Pollock's hospital bed, became the start of their next adventure -- to cure paralysis in our lifetime. She has been a catalyst for ground-breaking collaborations between scientists and robotics engineers working to cure paralysis and is the subject of award-winning feature documentary film, Unbreakable.

In addition, George is a director on the board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, sits on the Advisory Board of HerStory and holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University.

More profile about the speaker
Simone George | Speaker | TED.com