ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mark Pollock - Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Why you should listen

Unbroken by blindness in 1998, Mark Pollock went on to compete in ultra-endurance races across deserts, mountains and the polar ice caps and was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. He also won silver and bronze medals for rowing at the Commonwealth Games and set up a motivational speaking business.

In 2010, Pollock was left paralysed after falling from a third story window. He is now exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide and catalyzing collaborations that have never been done before. Through the Mark Pollock Trust, he's unlocking $1 billion to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader and appointed to the Global Futures Council on Human Enhancement, Pollock is a UBS Global Visionary, is on the Board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation and is a Wings for Life Ambassador. With his fiancée, Simone George, he is the subject of the acclaimed documentary called Unbreakable, and is a TED, Davos, World Economic Forum, InnoTown, F.ounders, EG and Wired speaker. In addition, Pollock is co-Founder of the global running series called Run in the Dark

Pollock has been awarded honorary doctorates by The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and from Queens University Belfast. He holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University as well as degrees from Trinity College Dublin and The Smurfit Business School.

More profile about the speaker
Mark Pollock | Speaker | TED.com
Simone George - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist.

Why you should listen

In her human rights legal practice, Simone George represents women and, through them, their children, who are victims of controlling behavior, abuse or violence. Simone believes that the system isn't broken but built this way -- and that getting to justice requires advocates to be more courageous on behalf of those they represent.

Using a principle-based approach to her work, George co-authored the national study, "The lawlessness of the home," co-created an international summit in 2016 to cultivate the leadership required to the system and contributed to amendments to domestic violence legislation that is now a significant statement of legal, social and political justice in Ireland. George was also active in the campaigns for marriage equality and reproductive rights in Ireland. When the Pope came to Ireland in August 2018, George, together with a flying column of activists, created Stand For Truth, an alternative space to stand in solidarity with those abused by the church. 

Building on her legal training that began with law degrees from NUI Galway and a Master's from the College of Europe, Bruges, George went on to create public-private partnerships across Africa for BP Solar. Now, following years in big 5 and boutique law firms in Dublin, she practices as a consultant commercial litigator.

In 2010, George's partner, blind adventure athlete Mark Pollock, broke his back, and together the two learned how paralysis strikes at the very heart of what it means to be human. Her research, which began by Pollock's hospital bed, became the start of their next adventure -- to cure paralysis in our lifetime. She has been a catalyst for ground-breaking collaborations between scientists and robotics engineers working to cure paralysis and is the subject of award-winning feature documentary film, Unbreakable.

In addition, George is a director on the board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, sits on the Advisory Board of HerStory and holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University.

More profile about the speaker
Simone George | Speaker | TED.com
TED2018

Mark Pollock and Simone George: A love letter to realism in a time of grief

Mark Pollock, Simone George: Uma carta de amor ao realismo em um momento de aflição

Filmed:
1,768,841 views

Quando temos que lidar com as circunstâncias mais difíceis da vida, como deveríamos reagir: como otimistas, realistas ou de outra maneira? Em uma palestra inesquecível, o explorador Mark Pollock e a advogada de direitos humanos Simone George exploram a tensão entre a aceitação e a esperança em momentos de aflição e compartilham o trabalho inovador que estão empreendendo para curar a paralisia.
- Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime. Full bio - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Simone George: I met Mark
when he was just blind.
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Simone George: Conheci Mark
quando ele era apenas cego.
00:17
I had returned home to live in Dublin
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Eu tinha voltado para morar em Dublin
após a odisseia que foram meus vinte anos,
00:19
after the odyssey that was my 20s,
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00:22
educating my interest in human rights
and equality in university,
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instruindo meu interesse em direitos
humanos e igualdade na universidade,
00:27
traveling the world,
like my nomad grandmother.
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viajando o mundo, como minha avó nômade,
00:30
And during a two-year stint
working in Madrid,
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e, durante um período de dois anos
trabalhando em Madrid,
00:34
dancing many nights
till morning in salsa clubs.
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dançando muitas noites
até de manhã em boates de salsa.
00:39
When I met Mark, he asked me
to teach him to dance.
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Quando conheci Mark, ele me pediu
para ensiná-lo a dançar,
00:43
And I did.
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e eu ensinei.
00:45
They were wonderful times,
long nights talking,
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Foram tempos maravilhosos,
longas noites conversando,
00:48
becoming friends
and eventually falling for each other.
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ficando amigos e depois nos apaixonando.
00:53
Mark had lost his sight when he was 22,
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Mark tinha perdido a visão
aos 22 anos de idade,
00:55
and the man that I met eight years later
was rebuilding his identity,
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e o homem que conheci oito anos depois
estava construindo sua identidade,
01:00
the cornerstone of which
was this incredible spirit
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o alicerce no qual estava
esse espírito incrível
01:04
that had taken him to the Gobi Desert,
where he ran six marathons in seven days.
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que o tinha levado ao Deserto de Gobi,
onde correu seis maratonas em sete dias,
01:09
And to marathons at the North Pole,
and from Everest Base Camp.
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e a maratonas no Polo Norte
a partir do Everest Base Camp.
01:15
When I asked him what had led
to this high-octane life,
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Quando lhe perguntei o que o havia
levado a essa vida dinâmica,
01:19
he quoted Nietzsche:
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ele citou Nietzsche:
01:21
"He, who has a Why to live,
can bear with almost any How."
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"Quem tem uma razão de viver
é capaz de suportar qualquer coisa".
01:27
He had come across the quote
in a really beautiful book
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Ele havia se deparado com a citação
de um livro muito bonito
01:30
called "Man's Search for Meaning,"
by Viktor Frankl,
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chamado "Em Busca de Sentido",
de Viktor Frankl,
01:33
a neurologist and psychiatrist
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neurologista e psiquiatra,
01:35
who survived years
in a Nazi concentration camp.
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que sobreviveu por anos
em um campo de concentração nazista.
01:39
Frankl used this Nietzsche quote
to explain to us
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Frankl usava essa citação
de Nietzsche para nos explicar
01:43
that when we can no longer change
our circumstances,
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que, quando não podemos mais
mudar nossas circunstâncias,
01:47
we are challenged to change ourselves.
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somos desafiados a mudar a nós mesmos.
01:52
Mark Pollock: Eventually,
I did rebuild my identity,
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Mark Pollock: Finalmente,
reconstruí minha identidade,
01:55
and the Why for me
was about competing again,
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e a razão para mim era competir novamente,
01:58
because pursuing success
and risking failure
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porque lutar pelo sucesso
e arriscar o fracasso
02:02
was simply how I felt normal.
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era simplesmente como eu me sentia normal.
02:05
And I finished the rebuild
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Concluí a reconstrução
02:08
on the 10th anniversary
of losing my sight.
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no décimo aniversário
da perda de minha visão.
02:11
I took part in a 43-day expedition race
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Participei de uma corrida
de aventura de 43 dias
02:15
in the coldest, most remote,
most challenging place on earth.
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no lugar mais frio, remoto
e desafiador do mundo.
02:20
It was the first race to the South Pole
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Foi a primeira corrida para o Polo Sul
02:22
since Shackleton, Scott and Amundsen
set foot in Antarctica, 100 years before.
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desde que Shackleton, Scott e Amundsen
pisaram na Antártida, 100 anos antes.
02:30
And putting the demons
of blindness behind me
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Colocar os demônios
da cegueira atrás de mim,
02:32
with every step towards the pole,
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com cada passo rumo ao polo,
02:35
it offered me a long-lasting
sense of contentment.
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me ofereceu um senso
duradouro de satisfação.
02:41
As it turned out,
I would need that in reserve,
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Como se viu, eu precisei disso no futuro,
02:44
because one year after my return,
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porque, um ano após meu retorno,
02:49
in, arguably, the safest place on earth,
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possivelmente, no lugar
mais seguro do mundo,
02:52
a bedroom at a friend's house,
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um quarto na casa de um amigo,
02:55
I fell from a third-story window
onto the concrete below.
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caí da janela do terceiro andar
no concreto abaixo.
03:02
I don't know how it happened.
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Não sei como isso aconteceu.
03:04
I think I must have got up
to go to the bathroom.
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Acho que devo ter me levantado
para ir ao banheiro.
03:07
And because I'm blind,
I used to run my hand along the wall
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Como sou cego, eu costumava
passar a mão na parede
03:12
to find my way.
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para achar meu caminho.
03:14
That night, my hand found an open space
where the closed window should have been.
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Naquela noite, minha mão achou um espaço
aberto onde devia estar a janela fechada.
03:21
And I cartwheeled out.
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E eu caí.
03:23
My friends who found me
thought I was dead.
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Meus amigos acharam que eu havia morrido.
03:26
When I got to hospital,
the doctors thought I was going to die,
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Quando cheguei ao hospital, os médicos
pensaram que eu fosse morrer,
03:29
and when I realized
what was happening to me,
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e, quando percebi o que estava
acontecendo comigo,
03:32
I thought that dying might have been ...
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achei que morrer poderia ter sido...
03:37
might have been the best outcome.
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poderia ter sido o melhor resultado.
03:40
And lying in intensive care,
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Deitado na UTI,
03:42
facing the prospect
of being blind and paralyzed,
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enfrentando a possibilidade
de ficar cego e paraplégico,
03:47
high on morphine, I was trying
to make sense of what was going on.
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sob o efeito de morfina, eu tentava
entender o que estava acontecendo.
03:53
And one night, lying flat on my back,
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Certa noite, deitado de costas,
03:55
I felt for my phone to write a blog,
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peguei meu celular para escrever um blog,
04:02
trying to explain how I should respond.
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tentando explicar como eu deveria reagir.
04:04
It was called "Optimist, Realist
or Something Else?"
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O nome do blog era:
"Otimista, Realista ou Outra Coisa?"
04:08
and it drew on the experiences
of Admiral Stockdale,
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e recorria a experiências
do almirante Stockdale,
04:12
who was a POW in the Vietnam war.
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que foi prisioneiro de guerra no Vietnã.
04:16
He was incarcerated, tortured,
for over seven years.
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Ele foi preso e torturado
por mais de sete anos.
04:21
His circumstances were bleak,
but he survived.
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As circunstâncias dele eram
desanimadoras, mas ele sobreviveu.
04:25
The ones who didn't survive
were the optimists.
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Aqueles que não sobreviveram
foram os otimistas.
Eles disseram: "Estaremos
fora até o Natal",
04:29
They said, "We'll be out by Christmas,"
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04:31
and Christmas would come
and Christmas would go,
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e o Natal vinha e ia,
04:33
and then it would be Christmas again,
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então, era Natal novamente.
04:36
and when they didn't get out,
they became disappointed, demoralized
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Quando eles não saíram, ficaram
desapontados, desmoralizados
04:41
and many of them died in their cells.
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e muitos deles morreram em suas celas.
04:46
Stockdale was a realist.
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Stockdale era realista.
04:49
He was inspired by the stoic philosophers,
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Foi inspirado pelos filósofos estoicos
04:52
and he confronted the brutal
facts of his circumstances
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e enfrentou os fatos cruéis
das circunstâncias dele,
04:59
while maintaining a faith
that he would prevail in the end.
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enquanto mantinha uma fé
que prevaleceria no final.
05:04
And in that blog, I was trying to apply
his thinking as a realist
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Em meu blog, eu tentava aplicar
o pensamento dele como realista
05:08
to my increasingly bleak circumstances.
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às minhas circunstâncias
cada vez mais desanimadoras.
05:11
During the many months
of heart infections and kidney infections
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Durante os muitos meses
de infecções cardíacas e renais
05:15
after my fall, at the very
edge of survival,
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após minha queda, no limite
absoluto da sobrevivência,
05:20
Simone and I faced
the fundamental question:
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Simone e eu encaramos
a questão fundamental:
05:25
How do you resolve the tension
between acceptance and hope?
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"Como se resolve a tensão
entre a aceitação e a esperança?"
05:30
And it's that that we want
to explore with you now.
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É isso que queremos explorar
com vocês agora.
SG: Após receber o telefonema,
peguei o primeiro voo para a Inglaterra
05:35
SG: After I got the call,
I caught the first flight to England
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05:38
and arrived into the brightly lit
intensive care ward,
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e cheguei ao quarto da UTI
05:42
where Mark was lying naked,
just under a sheet,
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onde Mark estava deitado nu,
sob um lençol,
05:45
connected to machines
that were monitoring if he would live.
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ligado a máquinas que estavam
monitorando se ele viveria.
05:50
I said, "I'm here, Mark."
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Eu disse: "Estou aqui, Mark".
05:53
And he cried tears he seemed
to have saved just for me.
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Ele derramou lágrimas que parecia
ter guardado só para mim.
05:58
I wanted to gather him in my arms,
but I couldn't move him,
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Eu queria pegá-lo nos braços,
mas não conseguia movê-lo.
06:03
and so I kissed him
the way you kiss a newborn baby,
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Então, eu o beijei como se beija
um recém-nascido,
06:07
terrified of their fragility.
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apavorada com sua fragilidade.
06:10
Later that afternoon, when the bad news
had been laid out for us --
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Naquela tarde,
quando nos deram as más notícias...
06:14
fractured skull, bleeds on his brain,
a possible torn aorta
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traumatismo craniano, hemorragia cerebral,
possível rompimento de aorta
06:19
and a spine broken in two places,
no movement or feeling below his waist --
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e fratura em dois lugares da coluna,
nenhum movimento abaixo da cintura,
06:25
Mark said to me, "Come here.
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Mark me disse: "Venha cá.
06:29
You need to get yourself
as far away from this as possible."
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Você precisa ficar
o mais longe possível disso".
06:35
As I tried to process what he was saying,
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Enquanto eu tentava processar
o que ele estava dizendo,
06:38
I was thinking, "What the hell
is wrong with you?"
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pensei: "Que diabos
há de errado com você?
06:41
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:43
"We can't do this now."
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Não podemos fazer isso agora".
06:45
So I asked him,
"Are you breaking up with me?"
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Então, perguntei a ele:
"Você está terminando comigo?"
06:49
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
06:52
And he said, "Look, you signed up
for the blindness, but not this."
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Ele disse: "Veja, você concordou
com a cegueira, mas não com isto".
06:58
And I answered,
"We don't even know what this is,
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Respondi: "Nem mesmo sabemos o que é isso,
07:01
but what I do know
is what I can't handle right now
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mas sei que não posso lidar neste momento
07:04
is a breakup while someone I love
is in intensive care."
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com uma separação enquanto
alguém que amo está na UTI".
07:07
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
07:09
So I called on my negotiation skills
and suggested we make a deal.
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Usei minhas habilidades de negociação
e sugeri que fizéssemos um acordo.
07:14
I said, "I will stay with you
as long as you need me,
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Eu disse: "Estarei a seu lado enquanto
você ou suas costas precisarem de mim.
07:17
as long as your back needs me.
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07:20
And when you no longer need me,
then we talk about our relationship."
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Quando você não precisar mais de mim,
falaremos sobre nosso relacionamento".
07:24
Like a contract with the possibility
to renew in six months.
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Era como um contrato com possibilidade
de renovação em seis meses.
07:28
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
07:31
He agreed and I stayed.
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Ele concordou, e eu fiquei.
07:34
In fact, I refused to go home
even to pack a bag, I slept by his bed,
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De fato, eu me recusei a ir pra casa
até para fazer as malas;
dormi ao lado de seu leito;
07:38
when he could eat, I made all his food,
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quando ele podia comer,
eu fazia toda a comida dele;
07:41
and we cried, one or other
or both of us together, every day.
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e choramos, um ou outro
ou nós dois juntos, todos os dias.
07:47
I made all the complicated decisions
with the doctors,
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Tomei todas as decisões
complicadas com os médicos;
07:50
I climbed right into that raging river
over rapids that was sweeping Mark along.
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entrei direto naquele rio furioso,
na correnteza que arrastava Mark.
08:00
And at the first bend in that river,
Mark's surgeon told us
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Na primeira curva daquele rio,
o cirurgião de Mark nos disse
08:04
what movement and feeling
he doesn't get back in the first 12 weeks,
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que o movimento e a sensação que ele
não recuperasse nas primeiras 12 semanas
08:08
he's unlikely to get back at all.
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provavelmente não iria mais recuperar.
08:13
So, sitting by his bed,
I began to research why,
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Sentada ao lado de seu leito,
comecei a pesquisar por que,
08:16
after this period they call spinal shock,
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após esse período chamado choque medular,
08:19
there's no recovery, there's no therapy,
there's no cure, there's no hope.
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não havia recuperação,
terapia, cura, esperança.
08:25
And the internet became this portal
to a magical other world.
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A internet tornou-se um portal
para um outro mundo mágico.
08:29
I emailed scientists,
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Contatei cientistas,
08:31
and they broke through paywalls
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que burlaram o conteúdo pago
e me enviavam diretamente
08:33
and sent me their medical journal
and science journal articles directly.
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artigos publicados por eles
em jornais médicos e científicos.
08:37
I read everything that "Superman" actor
Christopher Reeve had achieved,
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Li tudo que o ator de "Superman"
Christopher Reeve havia alcançado,
08:40
after a fall from a horse
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depois que a queda do cavalo
o deixou tetraplégico
08:42
left him paralyzed from
the neck down and ventilated.
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e respirando com a ajuda de aparelhos.
08:46
Christopher had broken this 12-week spell;
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Christopher havia quebrado
o feitiço das 12 semanas;
08:49
he had regained some movement and feeling
years after his accident.
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ele recuperou um pouco de movimento
e sensação anos após o acidente.
08:54
He dreamed of a world
of empty wheelchairs.
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Ele sonhava com um mundo
de cadeiras de rodas vazias.
08:59
And Christopher and the scientists
he worked with fueled us with hope.
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Christopher e os cientistas com quem ele
trabalhou nos encheram de esperança.
09:06
MP: You see, spinal cord injury
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MP: Danos à medula espinhal
09:08
strikes at the very heart
of what it means to be human.
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atingem o próprio coração
do que significa ser humano.
09:12
And it had turned me from my upright,
standing, running form,
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Isso me mudou da posição ereta,
em pé e de corrida,
09:17
into a seated compromise of myself.
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para uma condição de ficar sentado.
09:21
And it's not just the lack
of feeling and movement.
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Não se trata apenas da falta
de sensação e de movimento.
09:24
Paralysis also interferes
with the body's internal systems,
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A paralisia também interfere
nos sistemas internos do corpo
09:28
which are designed to keep us alive.
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que são destinados a nos manter vivos.
09:31
Multiple infections, nerve pain,
spasms, shortened life spans are common.
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Infecções múltiplas, dores, espasmos,
expectativa de vida mais curta são comuns.
09:36
And these are the things that exhaust
even the most determined
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564656
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São essas coisas que deixam esgotada
até a mais determinada
09:39
of the 60 million people
around the world who are paralyzed.
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das 60 milhões de pessoas
paraplégicas em todo o mundo.
09:45
Over 16 months in hospital,
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Mais de 16 meses no hospital,
09:48
Simone and I were presented
with the expert view
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Simone e eu tivemos
o parecer de especialistas
09:51
that hoping for a cure had proven
to be psychologically damaging.
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de que foi provado que esperar
por uma cura causava danos psicológicos.
09:55
It was like the formal medical system
was canceling hope
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Era como se o sistema médico formal
estivesse invalidando a esperança
09:59
in favor of acceptance alone.
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em favor da aceitação isolada.
10:02
But canceling hope ran contrary
to everything that we believed in.
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Mas invalidar a esperança era contrário
a tudo em que acreditávamos.
10:09
Yes, up to this point in history,
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Sim, até este momento da história,
provou-se que é impossível
encontrar a cura para a paralisia,
10:12
it had proven to be impossible
to find a cure for paralysis,
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10:15
but history is filled with the kinds
of the impossible made possible
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mas a história está repleta de coisas
impossíveis que se tornaram possíveis
10:20
through human endeavor.
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pelo esforço humano:
o tipo de esforço humano que levou
os exploradores ao Polo Sul
10:22
The kind of human endeavor
that took explorers to the South Pole
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10:25
at the start of the last century.
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no início do século passado
10:27
And the kind of human endeavor
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615212
1960
e o tipo de esforço humano
10:29
that will take adventurers to Mars
in the early part of this century.
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que levará aventureiros a Marte
no início deste século.
10:34
So we started asking,
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Então, começamos a perguntar:
10:36
"Why can't that same human endeavor
cure paralysis in our lifetime?"
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"Por que esse mesmo esforço não consegue
curar a paralisia em nossa existência?"
10:42
SG: Well, we really believed that it can.
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SG: Acreditamos realmente
que seja possível.
10:45
My research taught us
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Minha pesquisa nos mostrou
10:47
that we needed to remind
Mark's damaged and dormant spinal cord
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que precisamos lembrar a medula espinhal
danificada e dormente de Mark
10:52
of its upright, standing, running form,
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de sua posição ereta, em pé e de corrida,
10:54
and we found San Francisco-based
engineers at Ekso Bionics,
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e encontramos engenheiros
de São Francisco da Ekso Bionics,
10:59
who created this robotic exoskeleton
that would allow Mark to stand and walk
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que criaram este exoesqueleto robótico
que permitia a Mark ficar em pé e caminhar
11:03
in the lab that we started
to build in Dublin.
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no laboratório que começamos
a construir em Dublin.
11:07
Mark became the first person
to personally own an exo,
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Mark tornou-se a primeira pessoa
a possuir um exoesqueleto pessoal,
11:11
and since then, he and the robot
have walked over one million steps.
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e, desde então, ele e o robô
deram mais de 1 milhão de passos.
11:17
(Applause)
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665395
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(Aplausos)
Foi uma comemoração antecipada,
porque realmente não era o bastante;
11:22
It was bit of an early celebration,
because actually it wasn't enough,
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11:26
the robot was doing all of the work,
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o robô estava fazendo todo o trabalho.
11:29
so we needed to plug Mark in.
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Precisávamos plugar o Mark.
11:31
So we connected
the San Francisco engineers
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Colocamos os engenheiros
de São Francisco em contato
11:34
with a true visionary in UCLA,
Dr. Reggie Edgerton,
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com um verdadeiro visionário
da UCLA, o Dr. Reggie Edgerton;
11:39
the most beautiful man
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o homem mais incrível
11:41
and his team's life work had resulted
in a scientific breakthrough.
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e o trabalho de vida de sua equipe
resultaram em um avanço científico.
11:46
Using electrical stimulation
of the spinal cord,
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Pelo estímulo elétrico da medula espinhal,
11:49
a number of subjects
have been able to stand,
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várias pessoas têm conseguido ficar em pé,
11:52
and because of that,
regain some movement and feeling
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e, com isso, recuperar um pouco
de movimento e sensação
11:55
and most importantly,
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e, o mais importante,
11:57
to regain some of the body's
internal functions
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recuperar algumas funções
internas do corpo
12:00
that are designed to keep us alive
and to make that life a pleasure.
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destinadas a nos manter vivos
e a tornar a vida prazerosa.
12:06
Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord,
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Acreditamos que o estímulo
elétrico da medula espinhal
12:09
we think, is the first meaningful
therapy ever for paralyzed people.
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seja a primeira terapia significativa
já criada para pessoas com paralisia.
12:16
Now, of course,
the San Francisco engineers
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Claro que os engenheiros de São Francisco
e os cientistas da UCLA se conheciam
12:18
and the scientists in UCLA
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12:20
knew about each other,
knew about each other's work.
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e sabiam sobre o trabalho um do outro.
12:23
But as so often happens
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1971
Mas, como acontece com muita frequência
12:25
when we're busy creating
groundbreaking scientific research,
192
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6912
quando estamos ocupados
criando pesquisa científica inovadora,
12:32
they hadn't quite yet got together.
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eles ainda não haviam se reunido.
12:35
That seemed to be our job now.
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Essa parecia ser nossa tarefa.
12:38
So we created our first collaboration,
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Então, criamos nossa primeira colaboração,
12:41
and the moment when we combined
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e o momento em que combinamos
12:43
the electrical stimulation
of Mark's spinal cord,
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o estímulo elétrico
da medula espinhal de Mark,
12:46
as he walked in his robotic exoskeleton,
198
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2524
enquanto ele caminhava
em seu exoesqueleto robótico,
12:48
was like that moment when Iron Man
plugs the mini arc reactor into his chest
199
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foi como o momento em que o Homem de Ferro
liga o minirreator no peito,
12:53
and suddenly he and his suit
become something else altogether.
200
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e, de repente, ele e seu traje
tornam-se completamente outra coisa.
12:59
MP: Simone, my robot and I moved
into the lab at UCLA for three months.
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MP: Simone, meu robô e eu nos mudamos
para o laboratório da UCLA por três meses.
13:04
And every day, Reggie and his team
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Todos os dias, Reggie e sua equipe
colocavam eletrodos em minha lombar,
13:07
put electrodes onto the skin
on my lower back,
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3364
ativavam eletricidade
em minha medula espinhal
13:10
pushed electricity into my spinal cord
to excite my nervous system,
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para estimular meu sistema nervoso,
13:15
as I walked in my exo.
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enquanto eu caminhava em meu exoesqueleto.
13:18
And for the first time
since I was paralyzed,
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Pela primeira vez desde minha paralisia,
eu conseguia sentir minhas pernas.
13:20
I could feel my legs underneath me.
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2777
Não de maneira normal...
13:24
Not normally --
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792347
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13:25
(Applause)
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793539
1887
(Aplausos)
13:27
Thank you.
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795450
1243
Obrigado.
13:28
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
13:30
It wasn't a normal feeling,
but with the stimulator turned on,
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798553
3199
Não era uma sensação normal,
mas, com o estimulador ligado,
13:33
upright in my exo,
my legs felt substantial.
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de pé em meu exoesqueleto,
minhas pernas estavam firmes.
13:37
I could feel the meat of my muscles
on the bones of my legs,
214
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5603
Eu conseguia sentir a carne dos músculos
sobre os ossos das pernas,
13:43
and as I walked,
because of the stimulation,
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3166
e, conforme eu caminhava,
por causa do estímulo,
13:46
I was able to voluntarily move
my paralyzed legs.
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814363
3500
conseguia movimentar de maneira
voluntária as pernas paralisadas.
13:49
And as I did more,
the robot intelligently did less.
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4872
Quanto mais eu me movia, o robô,
de modo inteligente, menos atuava.
13:54
My heart rate got a normal
running, training zone
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3405
Minha frequência cardíaca atingiu
uma zona de treinamento, de corrida normal
13:58
of 140 to 160 beats per minute,
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826212
2770
de 140 a 160 batimentos por minuto,
14:01
and my muscles, which had
almost entirely disappeared,
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829006
4746
e meus músculos, que tinham
quase desaparecido completamente,
14:05
started to come back.
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começaram a voltar.
14:07
And during some standard testing
throughout the process,
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3603
Durante algum teste padrão
por todo o processo,
14:11
flat on my back,
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839141
1746
deitado de costas,
14:12
twelve weeks, six months
and three whole years
224
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doze semanas, seis meses
e três anos completos
14:16
after I fell out that window
and became paralyzed,
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844951
3315
após cair da janela e ficar paraplégico,
14:20
the scientists turned the stimulator on
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848290
3755
os cientistas ligaram o estimulador
14:24
and I pulled my knee to my chest.
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e puxei meu joelho em direção ao peito.
14:28
(Video) Man: OK, start,
go, go, go, go, go.
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3286
(Vídeo) Homem: Está bem,
comece, vai, vai, vai, vai, vai.
14:32
Good, good, good.
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1150
Bom, bom, bom.
14:33
SG: Yeah, yeah, go on, Mark,
go on, go, go, go, go, go, wow!
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SG: Sim, sim, continue, Mark,
continue, vai, vai, vai, vai, vai, uau!
14:37
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
14:38
(Laughter)
232
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(Risos)
14:40
SG: Well done!
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1151
SG: Muito bem!
14:41
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)
14:45
MP: Do you know, this week,
I've been saying to Simone,
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MP: Esta semana, falei pra Simone
14:47
if we could forget about the paralysis,
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2611
que, se pudéssemos
nos esquecer da paralisia,
14:50
you know, the last few years
have been incredibly exciting.
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3020
os últimos anos têm sido
incrivelmente animadores.
14:53
(Laughter)
238
881458
2698
(Risos)
14:56
Now, the problem is, we can't quite
forget about the paralysis just yet.
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O problema é que ainda não podemos
nos esquecer dela,
15:01
And clearly, we're not finished,
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e certamente não terminamos,
porque, quando deixamos
o estudo piloto e voltamos a Dublin,
15:02
because when we left that pilot study
and went back to Dublin,
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voltei pra casa na cadeira de rodas.
15:05
I rolled home in my wheelchair
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893847
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15:07
and I'm still paralyzed
and I'm still blind
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Ainda sou paraplégico e cego,
15:10
and we're primarily focusing
on the paralysis at the moment,
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e estamos nos concentrando
na paralisia no momento,
15:13
but being at this conference,
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mas, nesta conferência,
15:14
we're kind of interested if anyone
does have a cure for blindness,
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3118
estamos interessados, caso alguém
tenha uma cura para a cegueira,
15:17
we'll take that as well.
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também a aceitaremos.
15:19
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
15:21
(Applause)
249
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5487
(Aplausos)
15:27
But if you remember
the blog that I mentioned,
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Mas, se vocês se lembram
do blog que mencionei,
15:30
it posed a question
of how we should respond,
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ele fazia uma pergunta
sobre como deveríamos responder:
15:33
optimist, realist or something else?
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2650
de maneira otimista, pessimista
ou de outra maneira?
15:36
And I think we have come to understand
that the optimists rely on hope alone
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4500
Acho que precisamos entender
que os otimistas confiam só na esperança
15:40
and they risk being
disappointed and demoralized.
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e correm o risco de ficarem
desapontados e desmoralizados.
15:44
The realists, on the other hand,
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Os realistas, por outro lado,
15:48
they accept the brutal facts
and they keep hope alive, as well.
256
936129
5520
aceitam os fatos cruéis e também
mantêm a esperança viva.
15:54
The realists have managed to resolve
the tension between acceptance and hope
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Os realistas conseguiram resolver
a tensão entre a aceitação e a esperança
15:59
by running them in parallel.
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2364
conduzindo-as em paralelo.
16:02
And that's what Simone and I
have been trying to do
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É o que Simone e eu estamos
tentando fazer nos últimos anos.
16:04
over the last number of years.
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Vejam, eu aceito a cadeira de rodas.
16:06
Look, I accept the wheelchair --
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16:08
I mean, it's almost impossible not to.
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2325
É quase impossível não aceitar.
16:11
And we're sad, sometimes,
for what we've lost.
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2952
Ficamos tristes, às vezes,
pelo que perdemos.
16:14
I accept that I, and other wheelchair
users, can and do live fulfilling lives,
264
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5379
Aceito que eu e outros cadeirantes
podemos viver e vivemos uma vida plena,
16:20
despite the nerve pain
and the spasms and the infections
265
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3484
apesar das dores nos nervos,
dos espasmos, das infecções
16:23
and the shortened life spans.
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e da expectativa de vida mais curta.
16:25
And I accept that it is way more difficult
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973765
2217
Aceito que é muito mais difícil
para os tetraplégicos,
16:28
for people who are paralyzed
from the neck down.
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2587
16:30
For those who rely
on ventilators to breathe,
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para aqueles que dependem
de aparelhos para respirar
16:33
and for those who don't have access
to adequate, free health care.
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4746
e para aqueles que não têm acesso
a assistência médica gratuita e adequada.
16:38
So, that is why we also hope
for another life.
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É por isso que também
esperamos por outra vida,
16:44
A life where we have created a cure
through collaboration.
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3802
uma vida em que criemos uma cura
por meio da colaboração,
16:48
A cure that we are actively working
to release from university labs
273
996636
4652
uma cura que trabalhamos ativamente
para liberar dos laboratórios
das universidades em todo o mundo
16:53
around the world
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1001312
1285
16:54
and share with everyone who needs it.
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3086
e compartilhar com todos
que precisam dela.
16:59
SG: I met Mark when he was just blind.
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SG: Conheci Mark
quando ele era apenas cego.
17:04
He asked me to teach him
to dance, and I did.
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3190
Ele me pediu para ensiná-lo
a dançar, e eu o ensinei.
17:08
One night, after dance classes,
278
1016125
1722
Certa noite, após as aulas de dança,
17:09
I turned to say goodnight
to him at his front door,
279
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2458
me despedi dele e de seu belo cão-guia,
Larry, à porta de entrada dele.
17:12
and to his gorgeous guide dog, Larry.
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1020353
2857
17:15
I realized, that in switching
all the lights off in the apartment
281
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Percebi que, ao desligar todas as luzes
do apartamento antes de sair,
17:19
before I left,
282
1027085
1167
eu o estava deixando no escuro.
17:20
that I was leaving him in the dark.
283
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1918
17:23
I burst into uncontrollable tears
and tried to hide it, but he knew.
284
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6157
Comecei a chorar descontroladamente
e tentei esconder, mas ele percebeu.
17:30
And he hugged me and said,
285
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2880
Ele me abraçou e disse:
17:33
"Ah, poor Simone.
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1041188
1465
"Ah, pobre Simone.
17:35
You're back in 1998, when I went blind.
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2831
Você voltou a 1998, quando fiquei cego.
17:39
Don't worry, it turns out OK in the end."
288
1047585
3349
Não se preocupe, tudo vai terminar bem".
17:44
Acceptance is knowing
that grief is a raging river.
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5326
A aceitação é saber
que a aflição é um rio furioso.
17:51
And you have to get into it.
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1867
Você tem que entrar nele.
17:53
Because when you do,
it carries you to the next place.
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1061647
3667
Porque, quando você entra,
ele te leva para o próximo lugar.
17:58
It eventually takes you to open land,
292
1066133
2690
Por fim, ele te leva a espaços abertos,
a algum lugar onde tudo terminará bem.
18:00
somewhere where it will
turn out OK in the end.
293
1068847
3516
18:06
And it truly has been a love story,
294
1074959
2667
Tem sido uma história de amor verdadeira,
18:09
an expansive, abundant,
deeply satisfying kind of love
295
1077650
5778
um tipo de amor grandioso,
rico e profundamente gratificante
18:15
for our fellow humans and everyone
in this act of creation.
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5117
por todos os seres humanos e todos
aqueles envolvidos neste ato de criação.
18:22
Science is love.
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1090331
2024
Ciência é amor.
18:25
Everyone we've met in this field
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1603
Todos que conhecemos nessa área
18:26
just wants to get their work
from the bench and into people's lives.
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1094776
4049
querem apenas que seu trabalho
saia dos laboratórios
e entre na vida das pessoas.
18:31
And it's our job to help them to do that.
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2733
É nossa tarefa ajudá-los a fazer isso.
18:35
Because when we do,
we and everyone with us
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Porque, quando ajudarmos,
nós e todos aqueles conosco
18:39
in this act of creation
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1888
nesse ato de criação
18:41
will be able to say,
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2247
poderão dizer:
18:43
"We did it.
304
1111832
1674
"Nós conseguimos
18:45
And then we danced."
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1333
e então, dançamos".
18:49
(Video) (Music)
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6525
(Vídeo) (Música)
18:56
SG: Thank you.
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1150
SG: Obrigada.
18:58
(Applause)
308
1126825
4909
(Aplausos)
19:03
MP: Thank you.
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1158
MP: Obrigado.
19:04
(Applause)
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6909
(Aplausos)
19:13
Thank you.
311
1141286
1150
SG: Obrigada.
19:14
(Applause)
312
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6935
(Aplausos)
Translated by Maurício Kakuei Tanaka
Reviewed by Maricene Crus

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ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
Mark Pollock - Explorer, collaboration catalyst
Mark Pollock was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. Now he's exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide on a new expedition to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Why you should listen

Unbroken by blindness in 1998, Mark Pollock went on to compete in ultra-endurance races across deserts, mountains and the polar ice caps and was the first blind person to race to the South Pole. He also won silver and bronze medals for rowing at the Commonwealth Games and set up a motivational speaking business.

In 2010, Pollock was left paralysed after falling from a third story window. He is now exploring the intersection where humans and technology collide and catalyzing collaborations that have never been done before. Through the Mark Pollock Trust, he's unlocking $1 billion to cure paralysis in our lifetime.

Selected by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader and appointed to the Global Futures Council on Human Enhancement, Pollock is a UBS Global Visionary, is on the Board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation and is a Wings for Life Ambassador. With his fiancée, Simone George, he is the subject of the acclaimed documentary called Unbreakable, and is a TED, Davos, World Economic Forum, InnoTown, F.ounders, EG and Wired speaker. In addition, Pollock is co-Founder of the global running series called Run in the Dark

Pollock has been awarded honorary doctorates by The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and from Queens University Belfast. He holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University as well as degrees from Trinity College Dublin and The Smurfit Business School.

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Mark Pollock | Speaker | TED.com
Simone George - Human rights lawyer, activist
Driven by a belief in fairness, Simone George is a human rights lawyer and activist.

Why you should listen

In her human rights legal practice, Simone George represents women and, through them, their children, who are victims of controlling behavior, abuse or violence. Simone believes that the system isn't broken but built this way -- and that getting to justice requires advocates to be more courageous on behalf of those they represent.

Using a principle-based approach to her work, George co-authored the national study, "The lawlessness of the home," co-created an international summit in 2016 to cultivate the leadership required to the system and contributed to amendments to domestic violence legislation that is now a significant statement of legal, social and political justice in Ireland. George was also active in the campaigns for marriage equality and reproductive rights in Ireland. When the Pope came to Ireland in August 2018, George, together with a flying column of activists, created Stand For Truth, an alternative space to stand in solidarity with those abused by the church. 

Building on her legal training that began with law degrees from NUI Galway and a Master's from the College of Europe, Bruges, George went on to create public-private partnerships across Africa for BP Solar. Now, following years in big 5 and boutique law firms in Dublin, she practices as a consultant commercial litigator.

In 2010, George's partner, blind adventure athlete Mark Pollock, broke his back, and together the two learned how paralysis strikes at the very heart of what it means to be human. Her research, which began by Pollock's hospital bed, became the start of their next adventure -- to cure paralysis in our lifetime. She has been a catalyst for ground-breaking collaborations between scientists and robotics engineers working to cure paralysis and is the subject of award-winning feature documentary film, Unbreakable.

In addition, George is a director on the board of the Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, sits on the Advisory Board of HerStory and holds a diploma in Global Leadership and Public Policy for the 21st Century from Harvard University.

More profile about the speaker
Simone George | Speaker | TED.com