ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Czerski - Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us.

Why you should listen

Dr. Helen Czerski has studied bubbles at sea and in the lab, has presented many highly-regarded BBC science documentaries and has told the stories of science (and especially of physics) on stage and in print.

Czerski's academic home is the department of mechanical engineering at University College London in the UK. Her first book, Storm in a Teacup, was published in 2016 (2017 in the US) and shows how the biggest ideas in physics come to life in the world around us -- and how the most mundane quirks of the everyday world open the door to the physics that every citizen needs to know.

Photo: Alex Brenner 

More profile about the speaker
Helen Czerski | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxManchester

Helen Czerski: The fascinating physics of everyday life

海倫賽斯基: 日常生活中的迷人物理

Filmed:
1,600,477 views

物理並非只存在酷炫的實驗室中。當你把一盤塗了奶油的吐司推下桌,把幾顆葡萄乾丟入發泡檸檬水中,或看著濺出來的咖啡乾涸時,物理就發生了。看物理學家海倫賽斯基展示各種物理概念,教你成為晚宴中更有趣的客人,你也能熟悉如何使用廚房中能找到的日常事物。
- Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
As you heard聽說, I'm a physicist物理學家.
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如各位所聽說的,我是個物理學家。
00:15
And I think the way we talk about physics物理
needs需求 a little modification修改.
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我想,我們談論物理的方式
需要做些細微的修正。
00:19
I am from just down the road here;
I don't live生活 here anymore.
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我以前就住在這附近,
不過現在不住這裡了。
00:22
But coming未來 from round回合 here means手段
that I have a northern北方 nana娜娜,
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來自這附近就意味著,
我有個來自北部地區外婆,
00:27
my mum's媽媽的 mom媽媽.
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我母親的母親。
00:28
And Nana娜娜 is very bright;
she hasn't有沒有 had much formal正式 education教育,
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外婆很聰明,沒受過多少正規教育,
00:32
but she's sharp尖銳.
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但很精明。
00:33
And when I was a second-year第二年 undergraduate大學本科
studying研究 physics物理 at Cambridge劍橋,
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當我還是劍橋物理系
大二學生的時候,
00:37
I remember記得 spending開支 an afternoon下午
at Nana's娜娜的 house in Urmston龍鼓罅
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記得有一天,我整個下午
都在外婆位於厄姆斯頓的房子裡,
00:42
studying研究 quantum量子 mechanics機械學.
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研讀量子力學。
00:44
And I had these folders文件夾
open打開 in front面前 of me
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我面前有一些打開了的資料夾,
00:46
with this, you know,
hieroglyphics象形文字 -- let's be honest誠實.
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內容……你知道的,
說真的,根本就是象形文字。
00:49
And Nana娜娜 came來了 along沿,
and she looked看著 at this folder,
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外婆走了過來,看著資料夾,
00:54
and she said, "What's that?"
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然後她說:「那是什麼?」
00:56
I said, "It's quantum量子 mechanics機械學, Nana娜娜."
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我說:「那是量子力學,外婆。」
00:59
And I tried試著 to explain說明 something
about what was on the page.
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然後我試著解釋頁面上的內容,
01:04
It was to do with the nucleus
and Einstein愛因斯坦 A and B coefficients係數.
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內容關於原子核
和愛因斯坦 A、B 係數。
01:08
And Nana娜娜 looked看著 very impressed印象深刻.
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外婆看起來非常佩服。
01:10
And then she said, "Oh.
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接著,她說:「喔。
01:13
What can you do when you know that?"
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你知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛?」
01:15
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:19
"Don't know, ma'am夫人."
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「我不知道耶,外婆。」
01:20
(Laughter笑聲)
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(笑聲)
01:21
I think I said something about computers電腦,
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我想我說了一些關於電腦的東西,
01:23
because it was all
I could think of at the time.
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因為那是我當下唯一能想到的。
01:26
But you can broaden擴大 that question out,
because it's a very good question --
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但你可以擴大那個問題,
因為它是個非常好的問題:
01:30
"What can you do when you know that?"
when "that" is physics物理?
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「你知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛?」
「那些」指的是物理。
01:33
And I've come to realize實現 that when
we talk about physics物理 in society社會
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然後我意識到,
當我們社會談到物理
和我們對它的印象時,
01:37
and our sort分類 of image圖片 of it,
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01:38
we don't include包括 the things
that we can do when we know that.
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並不包含我們了解物理後能做的事。
01:41
Our perception知覺 of what physics物理 is
needs需求 a bit of a shift轉移.
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我們對於物理的認識需要一點轉變;
01:44
Not only does it need a bit of a shift轉移,
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不只是需要一點轉變,
01:46
but sharing分享 this different不同 perspective透視
matters事項 for our society社會,
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而且分享這個不同的觀點
對我們的社會很重要。
01:51
and I'm not just saying that
because I'm a physicist物理學家 and I'm biased
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會這麼說,並非因為
我是物理學家或是偏心,
也不因為自認我們學物理的
是世界上最重要的人。
01:55
and I think we're the most
important重要 people in the world世界.
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真的。
01:57
Honest誠實.
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所以老實說,物理有些形象問題,
01:59
So, the image圖片 of physics物理 -- we've我們已經 got
an image圖片 problem問題, let's be honest誠實 --
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一直以來它的形象差不多就這樣。
02:02
it hasn't有沒有 moved移動 on much from this.
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02:04
This is a very famous著名 photograph照片
that's from the Solvay蘇威 Conference會議 in 1927.
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這張很有名的照片
來自 1927 年的索爾維會議。
02:08
This is when the great minds頭腦
of physics物理 were grappling擒拿
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當時頂尖的物理學家
在探討決定論的本質,
02:13
with the nature性質 of determinism決定
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02:15
and what it means手段
only to have a probability可能性
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只知道某粒子位於某處的機率
(註:不知道它的確切位置)
02:17
that a particle粒子 might威力 be somewhere某處,
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到底是什麼意思,
也不知道這說法的真假,
02:19
and whether是否 any of it was real真實.
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全都非常困難。
02:20
And it was all very difficult.
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你們會注意到全都是
外貌嚴肅、身著西裝的男子。
02:22
And you'll你會 notice注意 they're all
very stern-looking船尾看 men男人 in suits西裝.
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02:25
Marie瑪麗 Curie居里 -- I keep maybe saying,
"Marie瑪麗 Antoinette安托瓦內特,"
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瑪麗居禮──差點說成「瑪麗安東妮」
(註:上斷頭台的法國皇后)
02:28
which哪一個 would be a turn-up到場 for the books圖書 --
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──將成為物理書籍的轉折點。
瑪麗居禮,下排左起第三位,
02:30
Marie瑪麗 Curie居里, third第三 from the left
on the bottom底部 there,
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她被允許加入,
但必須穿得和其他人一樣。
02:32
she was allowed允許 in,
but had to dress連衣裙 like everybody每個人 else其他.
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(笑聲)
物理就像這個樣子,
總有各式各樣的象形文字。
02:35
(Laughter笑聲)
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02:36
So, this is what physics物理 is like --
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics象形文字,
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圖上這些和波長、粒子有關。
02:40
these are to do with waves波浪 and particles粒子.
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那圖是藝術家對
兩個黑洞互撞的印象,
02:42
That is an artist's藝術家 impression印象
of two black黑色 holes colliding碰撞,
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這讓它很值得一看,說真的。
02:45
which哪一個 makes品牌 it look
worth價值 watching觀看, to be honest誠實.
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很高興我無須為那裡發生的事
寫風險評估報告。
02:48
I'm glad高興 I didn't have to write
the risk風險 assessment評定
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重點是,這就是物理形象:
02:50
for whatever隨你 was going on there.
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02:52
The point is: this is
the image圖片 of physics物理, right?
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既怪又難;
從事的人有點古怪,衣著稍奇特;
02:54
It's weird奇怪的 and difficult,
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02:55
doneDONE by slightly strange奇怪 people
dressed連衣裙的 in a slightly strange奇怪 way.
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它很遙遠,難以接近;
02:58
It's inaccessible人跡罕至, it's somewhere某處 else其他
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最根本的是,我為什麽要在乎它?
03:00
and fundamentally從根本上, why should I care關心?
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03:03
And the problem問題 with that
is that I'm a physicist物理學家,
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問題是,
我是個物理學家,
我研究物理,
03:07
and I study研究 this.
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03:09
This -- this is my job工作, right?
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這是我的工作。
我研究大氣和海洋之間的界面。
03:11
I study研究 the interface接口
between之間 the atmosphere大氣層 and the ocean海洋.
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大氣很巨大,海洋很巨大,
03:15
The atmosphere大氣層 is massive大規模的,
the ocean海洋 is massive大規模的,
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把它們結合在一起的那薄薄一層
03:17
and the thin layer
that joins加入 them together一起
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非常重要,
03:19
is really important重要,
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因為東西經過它
從一個大儲存器到另一個。
03:20
because that's where things go
from one huge巨大 reservoir to the other.
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你們可以看到海面
──我拍了這影片──
03:23
You can see that the sea surface表面 --
that was me who took this video視頻 --
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順道一提,那些波浪的
平均高度是 10 公尺。
03:27
the average平均 height高度 of those waves波浪
by the way, was 10 meters.
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03:30
So this is definitely無疑 physics物理
happening事件 here --
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這裡發生的肯定是物理,
03:33
there's lots of things --
this is definitely無疑 physics物理.
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很多東西,肯定都是物理。
03:35
And yet然而 it's not included包括
in our cultural文化 perception知覺 of physics物理,
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然而這些沒被包含在
我們對物理的文化認知中,
03:39
and that bothers什麼麻煩事 me.
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這讓我很困擾。
03:41
So what is included包括
in our cultural文化 perception知覺 of physics物理?
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我們對物理的文化認知包含了什麼?
03:44
Because I'm a physicist物理學家,
there has to be a graph圖形, right?
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因為我是物理學家,
我一定得要有張圖,對嗎?
03:47
That's allowed允許.
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那是被容許的。
03:48
We've我們已經 got time along沿 the bottom底部 here,
from very fast快速 things there,
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下面的橫軸是時間,
這邊是非常快速移動的事物,
03:53
to things that take a long time over here.
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那邊是要花較長時間的。
03:56
Small things at the bottom底部,
big things up there.
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下面的是小東西,上面是大的。
03:58
So, our current當前 cultural文化 image圖片
of physics物理 looks容貌 like this.
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我們目前文化印象中的物理像這樣。
04:02
There's quantum量子 mechanics機械學
down in that corner,
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量子力學在下方那個角落,
04:04
it's very small, it's very weird奇怪的,
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它很小、很怪異,
04:06
it happens發生 very quickly很快,
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發生得很快,
04:08
and it's a long way down
in the general一般 ...
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整體來說,它在非常下面,
04:11
on the scale規模 of anything that matters事項
for everyday每天 life.
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相較於日常生活重要事件的
時間尺度,它差得很遠。
04:14
And then there's cosmology宇宙學,
which哪一個 is up there;
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而宇宙論則是在高高在上面那裡,
非常大、非常遙遠,
04:17
very large, very far away,
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也非常怪異。
04:18
also very weird奇怪的.
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04:20
And if you go to some places地方
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若追溯到宇宙初始的黑洞之類地方,
04:22
like black黑色 holes
in the beginning開始 of the universe宇宙,
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那麼二者(量子力學和宇宙論)
會在後面連到一塊兒,
04:25
we know that these are frontiers前沿
in physics物理, right?
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而我們知道它們是物理學的邊陲,
04:28
There's lots of work being存在 doneDONE
to discover發現 new physics物理
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正進行著許多物理新領域的研究。
04:31
in these places地方.
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04:33
But the thing is, you will notice注意
there's a very large gap間隙 in the middle中間.
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重點是,你會注意到
中間有很大的鴻溝。
04:36
And in that gap間隙, there are many許多 things.
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在那鴻溝中,有許多東西。
04:39
There are planets行星 and toasts祝酒詞
and volcanoes火山 and clouds
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有星球、吐司、火山、雲、
04:41
and clarinets單簧管 and bubbles泡泡 and dolphins海豚
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單簧管、泡泡、海豚,
04:43
and all sorts排序 of things
that make up our everyday每天 life.
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以及構成我們日常生活的各種東西,
04:47
And these are also run by physics物理,
you'd be surprised詫異 --
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這些也都靠物理來運作。
你會驚訝中間有物理,
04:50
there is physics物理 in the middle中間,
it's just that nobody沒有人 talks會談 about it.
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只是沒有人談論它。
這些的通性是
04:53
And the thing about all of these
is that they all run
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只依據相對少數的物理法則來運作,
04:57
on a relatively相對 small number
of physical物理 laws法律,
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05:01
things like Newton's牛頓 laws法律 of motion運動,
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比如牛頓運動定律、
05:03
thermodynamics熱力學,
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熱力學、
05:04
some rotational旋轉 dynamics動力學.
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轉動動力學。
05:05
The physics物理 in the middle中間
applies適用 over a huge巨大 range範圍,
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中間區的物理應用的範圍很廣,
05:09
from very, very small things
to very, very big things.
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從非常、非常小的事物
到非常、非常大的。
你得要很努力才能超出這範圍。
05:12
You have to try very hard
to get outside of this.
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05:14
And there is also a frontier邊境
in research研究 physics物理 here,
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這裡也有物理研究中
尚未完全開拓的疆界,
05:18
it's just that nobody沒有人 talks會談 about it.
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只是沒有人在談論它。
這是個複雜的世界。
05:20
This is the world世界 of the complex複雜.
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這些法則一起運作,
05:21
When these laws法律 work together一起,
they bring帶來 about
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帶來我們所居住的這個美麗、
混亂、複雜的世界。
05:24
the beautiful美麗, messy,
complex複雜 world世界 we live生活 in.
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05:27
Fundamentally從根本上, this is the bit
that really matters事項 to me
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基本上,這是對我而言
每天都很重要的一點,
05:30
on an everyday每天 basis基礎.
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是我們不談論的那部份,
05:31
And this is the bit
that we don't talk about.
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有許多的物理研究正在進行著。
05:34
There's plenty豐富 of physics物理
research研究 going on here.
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但由於它不牽涉到某顆星星,
05:36
But because it doesn't involve涉及
pointing指點 at stars明星,
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人們基於某些原因忽視它。
05:38
people for some reason原因
think it's not that.
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很酷的一點是
05:41
Now, the cool thing about this
is that there are so many許多 things
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中間這部份有非常多的東西,
05:44
in this middle中間 bit,
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05:46
all following以下 the same相同 physical物理 laws法律,
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都遵循著同樣的物理法則,
05:49
that we can see those laws法律 at work
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在我們周遭幾乎隨時
都看得到那些法則。
05:51
almost幾乎 all the time around us.
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我這裡有段影片。
05:53
I've got a little video視頻 here.
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遊戲中一顆是生蛋,
05:55
So the game遊戲 is, one of these eggs is raw生的
and one of them has been boiled煮沸.
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另一顆是煮熟的。
05:59
I want you to tell me which哪一個 one is which哪一個.
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請各位告訴我,哪個是哪個。
06:02
Which哪一個 one's那些 raw生的?
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哪個是生的?
06:04
(Audience聽眾 responds響應)
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(觀眾回應)
06:05
The one on the left -- yes!
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左邊的──對!
06:07
And even though雖然 you might威力 not
have tried試著 that, you all knew知道.
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即使沒做過這實驗,你們也都知道。
理由是,轉動它們,
06:10
The reason原因 for that is,
you set them spinning紡織,
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06:12
and when you stop the cooked egg,
the one that's completely全然 solid固體,
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當你停下煮熟的蛋,
也就是內部完全凝固的蛋,
06:15
you stop the entire整個 egg.
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整個蛋會靜止。
06:17
When you stop the other one,
you only stop the shell貝殼;
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當你停住另一顆蛋,
你只停住了蛋殼;
裡面的液體還在轉動,
因為沒東西讓它停下來,
06:19
the liquid液體 inside is still rotating旋轉
because nothing's什麼是 made製作 it stop.
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它就會再推動蛋殼,
所以蛋又繼續轉。
06:22
And then it pushes the shell貝殼 round回合 again,
so the egg starts啟動 to rotate迴轉 again.
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06:27
This is brilliant輝煌, right?
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這很聰明,對吧?
06:29
It's a demonstration示範
of something in physics物理
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這是在展示物理中
06:31
that we call the law of conservation保護
of angular momentum動量,
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我們稱之為「角動量守衡定律」。
06:35
which哪一個 basically基本上 says
that if you set something spinning紡織
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基本上這定律是,如果你讓某物旋轉,
繞著一個固定軸旋轉,
06:37
about a fixed固定 axis,
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除非你主動去阻止它,
不然它會一直轉下去。
06:38
that it will keep spinning紡織
unless除非 you do something to stop it.
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對於宇宙的運作 ,
這是非常基礎的法則。
06:42
And that's really fundamental基本的
in how the universe宇宙 works作品.
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06:45
And it's not just eggs that it applies適用 to,
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它不只應用在雞蛋上面,
06:47
although雖然 it's really useful有用
if you're the sort分類 of person --
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不過也的確挺有用,
如果你是那種人的話──
很顯然,那種人的確存在──
06:50
and apparently顯然地, these people do exist存在 --
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那種會把雞蛋煮熟了再放回冰箱的人。
06:52
who will boil eggs
and then put them back in the fridge冰箱.
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誰會這樣做啊?不必承認──
沒關係。我們不會評斷你。
06:55
Who does that? Don't admit承認 to it --
it's OK. We won't慣於 judge法官 you.
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06:58
But it's also got much
broader更廣泛 applicabilities適用性.
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但它還有更廣的應用性。
07:01
This is the Hubble哈勃 Space空間 Telescope望遠鏡.
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這是「哈伯太空望遠鏡」。
07:03
The Hubble哈勃 Ultra Deep Field領域,
which哪一個 is a very tiny part部分 of the sky天空.
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「哈伯超深空」是太空中
非常微小的一部份。
07:06
Hubble哈勃 has been floating漂浮的
in free自由 space空間 for 25 years年份,
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哈伯已在自由空間中飄浮了 25 年,
沒有碰觸任何東西。
07:10
not touching接觸 anything.
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07:11
And yet然而 it can point
to a tiny region地區 of sky天空.
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但它可以對準天空中的一個小區域。
07:14
For 11 and a half days,
it did it in sections部分,
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花 11.5 天的時間,
分段做。
07:18
accurately準確 enough足夠
to take amazing驚人 images圖片 like this.
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精準度足以拍出像這樣驚人的影像。
問題是:如何在完全不碰到
任何東西的情況下,
07:21
So the question is:
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07:22
How does something
that is not touching接觸 anything
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知道它在哪裡?
07:25
know where it is?
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答案就在它中間有某樣東西,
07:26
The answer回答 is that right in the middle中間
of it, it has something
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很可惜那東西並不是生的雞蛋,
07:29
that, to my great disappointment失望,
isn't a raw生的 egg,
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但基本上功能是一樣的。
07:31
but basically基本上 does the same相同 job工作.
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它有不斷旋轉的陀螺儀,
07:33
It's got gyroscopes陀螺儀 which哪一個 are spinning紡織,
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因為角動量守衡定律的緣故,
07:35
and because of the law
of conservation保護 of angular momentum動量,
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它們會不斷繞著同一個軸旋轉,
07:37
they keep spinning紡織
with the same相同 axis, indefinitely無限期.
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永無止境。
07:40
Hubble哈勃 kind of rotates旋轉 around them,
and so it can orient東方 itself本身.
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而哈伯繞著它們轉,所以能自己定位。
我們在廚房裡使用的小小物理法則,
07:43
So the same相同 little physical物理 law
we can play with in the kitchen廚房 and use,
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07:47
also explains說明 what makes品牌 possible可能
some of the most advanced高級 technology技術
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也能用來解釋
在我們這個時代最先進的某些技術。
07:52
of our time.
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07:54
So this is the fun開玩笑 bit of physics物理,
that you learn學習 these patterns模式
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這是物理好玩的部份,
你能學到這些形式,
07:57
and then you can apply應用 them
again and again and again.
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而且你可以把它們重複使用。
當你在新地方發現它們時
會很有成就感。
08:00
And it's really rewarding獎勵
when you spot them in new places地方.
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08:03
This is the fun開玩笑 of physics物理.
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這就是物理的樂趣。
08:04
I have shown顯示 that egg video視頻
to an audience聽眾 full充分 of businesspeople生意人 once一旦
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我曾把那部雞蛋的影片
放給商業界的觀眾看,
08:09
and they were all dressed連衣裙的 up very smartly巧妙
and trying to impress their bosses老闆.
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他們都穿得很正式、得體,
想要讓老闆印象深刻。
08:13
And I was running賽跑 out of time,
so I showed顯示 the egg video視頻 and then said,
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當時快沒時間了,
所以播完雞蛋影片後,我說:
「你們能找出來,
之後再來跟我確認答案。」
08:17
"Well, you can work it out,
and ask me afterwards之後 to check."
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然後我就離開講台了。
08:20
Then I left the stage階段.
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事後真的就有
08:21
And I had, literally按照字面,
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08:22
middle-aged中年 grown長大的 men男人
tugging揪著 on my sleeve afterwards之後,
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中年成人男子拉著我的袖子,問:
「這個嗎?是嗎?」
08:25
saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"
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當我說:「是啊!」
他們就說:「太好了!」
08:27
And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"
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(笑聲)
08:29
(Laughter笑聲)
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發現這些模式時得到的喜悅,
08:30
The joy喜悅 that you get
from spotting斑點 these patterns模式
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08:32
doesn't go away when you're an adult成人.
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即使成年人也能得到。
08:34
And that's really important重要,
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這點非常重要,
08:36
because physics物理 is all about patterns模式,
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因為物理的重點就是模式,
08:39
and a small number of patterns模式
give you access訪問
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少量的模式就能讓你
探究日常生活中幾乎所有的物理。
08:41
to almost幾乎 all of the physics物理
in our everyday每天 world世界.
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08:45
The thing that's best最好 about this
is it involves涉及 playing播放 with toys玩具.
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最棒的一點就是,它也和玩玩具有關。
像雞蛋這樣的東西
不該被視為是平凡的小東西,
08:48
Things like the egg shouldn't不能 be dismissed駁回
as the mundane平凡 little things
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08:52
that we just give the kids孩子 to play with
on a Saturday星期六 afternoon下午
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只在星期六下午給孩子們玩,
來讓他們安靜下來。
08:55
to keep them quiet安靜.
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這其實是很有意義的東西,
08:56
This is the stuff東東
that actually其實 really matters事項,
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因為這是宇宙的法則,
08:59
because this is the laws法律 of the universe宇宙
and it applies適用 to eggs
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能應用在雞蛋上、
吐司總是塗奶油的那面落地和其他,
09:02
and toast烤麵包 falling落下 butter-side黃油邊 down
and all sorts排序 of other things,
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就像是它廣泛應用在現代科技上,
09:05
just as much as it applies適用
to modern現代 technology技術
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以及在世上正發生的其他事情上。
09:07
and anything else其他
that's going on in the world世界.
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我認為我們應該玩玩這些模式。
09:10
So I think we should play
with these patterns模式.
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基本上,有少數的一些概念,
09:13
Basically基本上, there are a small
number of concepts概念
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09:16
that you can become成為 familiar with
using運用 things in your kitchen廚房,
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是用廚房的東西就可以認識的概念,
並且對生活在外面的世界很有用。
09:19
that are really useful有用
for life in the outside world世界.
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如果你想要學熱力學,
鴨子就是個很好的起點,
09:21
If you want to learn學習 about thermodynamics熱力學,
a duck is a good place地點 to start開始,
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比如,為何牠們的腳不會變冷。
09:25
for example, why their feet
don't get cold.
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09:27
Once一旦 you've got a bit
of thermodynamics熱力學 with the duck,
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一旦你從鴨子理解了一點熱力學,
你也能夠用來解釋冰箱。
09:30
you can also explain說明 fridges冰箱.
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磁鐵也是你在廚房中可以玩的東西,
09:31
Magnets磁鐵 that you can play with
in your kitchen廚房
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它能教你風力發電機
以及現代發電方法。
09:34
get you to wind turbines渦輪機
and modern現代 energy能源 generation.
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09:38
Raisins葡萄乾 in [fizzy汽水] lemonade檸檬汽水, which哪一個 is always
a good thing to play with.
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還有發泡檸檬水中的葡萄乾,
它向來是很好玩的。
若你處在無聊的派對中,
拿點吧台上的葡萄乾點心,
09:41
If you're at a boring無聊 party派對,
fish some raisins葡萄乾 out of the bar酒吧 snacks小吃,
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09:44
put them in some lemonade檸檬汽水.
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把它們丟到檸檬水中。
09:46
It's got three consequences後果.
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會有三項後果。
09:48
First thing is, it's quite相當 good
to watch; try it.
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第一是很好看,去試試看。
09:50
Secondly其次, it sends發送 the boring無聊 people away.
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第二是它能趕走無聊的人。
09:53
Thirdly第三, it brings帶來
the interesting有趣 people to you.
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第三是它能吸引有趣的人
來到你身邊。
是全贏的局面。
09:55
You win贏得 on all fronts戰線.
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09:57
And then there's spin
and gas加油站 laws法律 and viscosity粘性.
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還有旋轉、氣體方程式、黏性。
10:00
There's these little patterns模式,
and they're right around us everywhere到處.
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這些小模式在我們身邊處處可見。
10:03
And it's fundamentally從根本上 democratic民主的, right?
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它基本上是普羅大眾的。
10:07
Everybody每個人 has access訪問 to the same相同 physics物理;
you don't need a big, posh辣妹 lab實驗室.
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每個人都能接觸到同樣的物理,
不需要大型、奢侈的實驗室。
10:11
When I wrote the book,
I had the chapter章節 on spin.
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當我寫這本書的時候,
有一章是關於旋轉的。
10:15
I had written書面 a bit
about toast烤麵包 falling落下 butter-side黃油邊 down.
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我寫到關於吐司總是
塗著奶油的那面落地。
我把這章拿給一位
不是科學家的朋友看,
10:17
I gave the chapter章節 to a friend朋友 of mine
who's誰是 not a scientist科學家,
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10:21
for him to read and tell me
what he thought,
227
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2114
請他讀完後告訴我他的想法,
10:23
and he took the chapter章節 away.
228
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3078
他把那章拿走了。
10:26
He was working加工 overseas海外.
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他在海外工作。
10:27
I got this text文本 message信息 back from him
a couple一對 of weeks later後來,
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幾週後,我收到了他的短信,
寫著:「我在瑞士
一間豪華飯店吃早餐,
10:30
and it said, "I'm at breakfast早餐
in a posh辣妹 hotel旅館 in Switzerland瑞士,
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我真的很想把吐司推下餐桌,
10:34
and I really want
to push toast烤麵包 off the table,
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2732
10:37
because I don't believe what you wrote."
233
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2542
因為我不相信你所寫的。」
10:40
And that was the good bit --
he doesn't have to.
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那是好事──他無須相信我。
他可以自己把吐司推下餐桌試試。
10:42
He can push the toast烤麵包 off the table
and try it for himself他自己.
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10:45
And so there's two important重要 things
to know about science科學:
236
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要知道兩件關於科學的重要事情:
10:49
the fundamental基本的 laws法律 we've我們已經 learned學到了
through通過 experience經驗 and experimentation實驗,
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我們透過經驗、實驗
所學來的基礎法則是有用的。
10:54
work.
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1154
10:55
The day we drop下降 an apple蘋果 and it goes up,
239
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1982
我們丟下蘋果而它會上向飛的那天,
10:57
then we'll have a debate辯論 about gravity重力.
240
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1916
我們就會辯論地心引力。
在那之前,我們基本上知道
地心引力是如何運作的,
10:59
Up to that point,
we basically基本上 know how gravity重力 works作品,
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我們可以學那架構。
11:01
and we can learn學習 the framework骨架.
242
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接著是實驗的過程:
11:03
Then there's the process處理
of experimentation實驗:
243
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2287
對事物有信心,去嘗試事物,
11:05
having confidence置信度 in things,
trying things out,
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11:07
critical危急 thinking思維 -- how we move移動
science科學 forward前鋒 --
245
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批判性思維,如何讓科學向前邁進,
11:10
and you can learn學習 both of those things
246
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兩者你都可以學到,
11:12
by playing播放 with toys玩具
in the everyday每天 world世界.
247
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玩日常中的玩具即可。
11:15
And it's really important重要,
248
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2147
這點十分重要,
11:17
because there's all this talk
about technology技術,
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2215
因為關於科技有很多的討論,
11:19
we've我們已經 heard聽說 talks會談 about quantum量子 computing計算
250
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2001
我們聽過量子運算,
11:21
and all these mysterious神秘, far-off遙遠 things.
251
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2001
還有各種神秘、遙遠的事物。
11:24
But fundamentally從根本上, we still live生活 in bodies身體
that are about this size尺寸,
252
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但根本上,我們還是活在
大約這麼大的身體當中,
11:27
we still walk步行 about,
sit on chairs椅子 that are about this size尺寸,
253
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2937
我們還是會走來走去,
坐在這麼大的椅子上,
11:30
we still live生活 in the physical物理 world世界.
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2000
我們還是活在實體世界中。
11:32
And being存在 familiar with these concepts概念
means手段 we're not helpless無助.
255
680859
3948
了解這些概念,
意味著我們並非是無助的。
11:36
And I think it's really important重要
that we're not helpless無助,
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我認為非常重要的是我們並非無助,
社會能夠去看事物,
11:39
that society社會 feels感覺 it can look at things,
257
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11:41
because this isn't
about knowing會心 all the answers答案.
258
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2666
因為重點不在於知道所有的答案。
11:44
It's about having the framework骨架
so you can ask the right questions問題.
259
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3417
重點是要有架構,
讓你能問出正確的問題。
11:48
And by playing播放 with these fundamental基本的
little things in everyday每天 life,
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通過玩玩這些日常基本的小東西,
我們就能得到信心,
來問出正確的問題,
11:51
we gain獲得 the confidence置信度
to ask the right questions問題.
261
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11:54
So, there's a bigger thing.
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──這就是大的。
11:56
In answer回答 to Nana's娜娜的 question
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回答先前我外婆的問題,
11:57
about what can you do
when you know that --
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「知道了那些之後能用來幹嘛」,
因為在日常的世界中,有很多事
11:59
because there's lots of stuff東東
in the everyday每天 world世界
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在你了解了那些之後都能做到,
12:01
that you can do when you know that,
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特別是如果你家冰箱中有雞蛋的話。
12:03
especially特別 if you've got
eggs in the fridge冰箱 --
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12:06
there's a much deeper更深 answer回答.
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還有一個更深層的答案。
12:08
And so there's all the fun開玩笑
and the curiosity好奇心
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從玩玩具,你能夠得到
各種樂趣和好奇心。
12:10
that you could have playing播放 with toys玩具.
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12:12
By the way -- why should kids孩子 have
all the fun開玩笑, right?
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順便問:為何只有孩子能享受樂趣?
12:16
All of us can have fun開玩笑 playing播放 with toys玩具,
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所有人都能享受玩玩具的樂趣,
我們不該為此感到不好意思。
12:18
and we shouldn't不能 be embarrassed尷尬 about it.
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你們可以怪在我頭上我,沒關係。
12:20
You can blame me, it's fine.
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12:22
So when it comes to reasons原因
for studying研究 physics物理, for example,
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談到研究物理的理由為例,
12:27
here is the best最好 reason原因 I can think of:
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我能想出的最佳理由是:
12:30
I think that each of us has
three life-support生命保障 systems系統.
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我認為每個人都有
三項生命維持系統:
12:34
We've我們已經 got our own擁有 body身體, we've我們已經 got a planet行星
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自己的身體、
地球,
12:36
and we've我們已經 got our civilization文明.
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和文明。
12:38
Each of those is an independent獨立
life-support生命保障 system系統,
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各自是獨立的生命維持系統,
12:41
keeping保持 us alive in its own擁有 way.
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以自己的方式維持我們的生命,
12:43
And they all run
on the fundamental基本的 physical物理 laws法律
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都依循著基本物理法則在運作,
12:46
that you can learn學習 in the kitchen廚房
with eggs and teacups茶杯 and lemonade檸檬汽水,
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是你在廚房用雞蛋、茶杯、檸檬水,
以及所有其他能玩的東西
就可以學到的法則。
12:50
and everything else其他 you can play with.
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這就是為什麼
12:52
This is the reason原因, for example,
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像氣候變遷之類的問題會如此嚴重,
12:53
why something like climate氣候 change更改
is such這樣 a serious嚴重 problem問題,
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因為它的兩種生命維持系統,
12:56
because It's two of these
life-support生命保障 systems系統,
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我們的地球和文明,
12:59
our planet行星 and our civilization文明,
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13:01
kind of butting對接 up against反對 each other;
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有點像是在彼此碰撞、互相衝突,
13:03
they're in conflict衝突,
and we need to negotiate談判 that boundary邊界.
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我們需要協調出界線。
關於我們周遭世界的運作,
13:06
And the fundamental基本的 physical物理 laws法律
that we can learn學習
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13:08
that are the way
the world世界 around us works作品,
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我們能學習的基本物理法則,
13:10
are the tools工具 at the basis基礎 of everything;
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是最基本的工具,是基礎。
13:13
they're the foundation基礎.
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13:14
There's lots of things
to know about in life,
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人生中有很多東西需要知道,
但了解基礎能讓你走得長遠。
13:16
but knowing會心 the foundations基金會
is going to get you a long way.
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我認為如果你沒有興趣
13:19
And I think this, if you're not interested有興趣
in having fun開玩笑 with physics物理
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去快樂地學物理,諸如此類,
13:23
or anything like that -- strange奇怪,
but apparently顯然地, these people exist存在 --
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──很奇怪,但顯然這類人的確存在──
至少你會感興趣
13:27
you surely一定 are interested有興趣
in keeping保持 yourself你自己 alive
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要維持自己的生存,
以及我們的生命維持系統如何運作。
13:31
and in how our life-support生命保障 systems系統 work.
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13:33
The framework骨架 for physics物理
is remarkably異常 constant不變;
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物理學的架構非常穩定,
13:38
it's the same相同 in lots and lots
of things that we measure測量.
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在我們測量的許多東西當中都一樣,
13:41
It's not going to change更改 anytime任何時候 soon不久.
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近期內它不會改變。
13:42
They might威力 discover發現
some new quantum量子 mechanics機械學,
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他們可能會發現一些新的量子力學,
13:45
but apples蘋果 right here
are still going to fall秋季 down.
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但這裡的蘋果還是會向下落。
13:47
So, the question is --
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所以,問題是──
13:49
I get asked sometimes有時: How do you start開始?
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我有時被問:
「要從何開始?從何處著手?」
13:52
What's the place地點 to start開始
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13:53
if you're interested有興趣 in the physical物理
world世界, in not being存在 helpless無助,
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如果你對物質世界有興趣,
不想要感到無助,
以及有興趣找新玩具來玩,
13:56
and in finding發現 some toys玩具 to play with?
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13:58
Here is my suggestion建議 to you:
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我給你的建議如下:
14:01
the place地點 to start開始 is that moment時刻 --
and adults成年人 do this --
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就從那一刻開始──成年人會這樣──
14:06
you're drifting漂流 along沿 somewhere某處,
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你在某處隨波逐流,注意到某樣東西,
14:08
and you spot something
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird奇怪的."
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你的大腦會說:「喔,那好奇怪。」
14:12
And then your consciousness意識 goes,
"You're an adult成人. Keep going."
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你的意識會說:
「你是成年人了,繼續前進。」
14:15
And that's the point --
hold保持 that thought --
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就是那個點──留住那個想法──
14:18
that bit where your brain went,
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
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你的大腦說「喔,那有點怪異」的點,
因為那邊就有可以玩的東西,
14:21
because there's something
there to play with,
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且它值得你去玩玩看,
14:23
and it's worth價值 you playing播放 with it,
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那就是要開始的地方。
14:25
so that's the place地點 to start開始.
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但如果你從家裡到這個活動的路上
14:26
But if you don't have
any of those little moments瞬間
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14:28
on your way home from this event事件,
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都沒有這類的小時刻,
你還是可以從這些開始。
14:30
here are some things to start開始 with.
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把葡萄乾放到發泡檸檬水中,
極有娛樂性。
14:32
Put raisins葡萄乾 in [fizzy汽水] lemonade檸檬汽水;
highly高度 entertaining娛樂.
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2162
14:34
Watch a coffee咖啡 spill dry.
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看著濺出的咖啡乾涸。
我知道那聽起來
有點像是看著油漆乾涸,
14:36
I know that sounds聲音 a little bit
like watching觀看 paint塗料 dry,
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14:39
but it does do quite相當 weird奇怪的 things;
it's worth價值 watching觀看.
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3465
但會發生很怪異的事,值得去看。
14:42
I'm an acquired後天 taste味道 at dinner晚餐 parties派對
if there are teacups茶杯 around.
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我漸漸開始喜歡上晚宴,
如果那兒有茶杯的話。
14:46
There are so many許多 things you can do
to play with teacups茶杯, it's brilliant輝煌.
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874712
3440
茶杯可以玩出好多花樣,它非常棒。
14:50
The most obvious明顯 one
is to get a teacup茶碗, get a spoon,
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最明顯的一項是拿個茶杯,
拿支湯匙輕敲茶杯的邊緣,傾聽,
14:53
tap龍頭 the teacup茶碗 around the rim輪緣 and listen,
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2318
14:55
and you will hear something strange奇怪.
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你會聽到奇怪的聲音。
14:57
And the other thing is,
push your toast烤麵包 off the table
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另一樣是把你的吐司推下餐桌,
15:01
because you can,
and you'll你會 learn學習 stuff東東 from it.
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因為你能這麼做,
且你會從中學到東西。
15:03
And if you're feeling感覺 really ambitious有雄心,
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1952
如果你很有野心,
15:05
try and push it off in such這樣 a way
that it doesn't fall秋季 butter-side黃油邊 down,
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試著用塗奶油的那一面不朝下的
方式把吐司推下餐桌,
15:09
which哪一個 is possible可能.
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這是辦得到的。
15:11
The point of all of this is that,
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這一切的重點是,
15:13
first of all, we should all
play with toys玩具.
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第一,我們都應該玩玩具。
15:16
We shouldn't不能 be afraid害怕 to investigate調查
the physical物理 world世界 for ourselves我們自己
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我們不該害怕自己用身邊的工具
來研究物質世界,
15:19
with the tools工具 around us,
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因為我們都能取得這些工具。
15:20
because we all have access訪問 to them.
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這有意義;因為若我們想要了解社會,
15:22
It matters事項, because if we want
to understand理解 society社會,
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若我們想要當個好公民,
15:25
if we want to be good citizens公民,
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我們得要了解一切基本的架構。
15:26
we need to understand理解 the framework骨架
on which哪一個 everything else其他 must必須 be based基於.
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15:31
Playing播放 with toys玩具 is great.
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玩玩具很棒。
15:32
Understanding理解 how to keep
our life-support生命保障 systems系統 going is great.
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3113
了解如何保持我們的
生命維持系統也很棒。
但基本上,我們需要
改變談論物理的方式,
15:36
But fundamentally從根本上, the thing
that we need to change更改
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15:38
in the way that we talk about physics物理,
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我們必須要了解物理並非遙不可及,
15:40
is we need to understand理解
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1159
15:41
that physics物理 isn't out there
with weird奇怪的 people
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2316
並不是只有怪胎用著奇怪的象形文字
15:43
and strange奇怪 hieroglyphics象形文字
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15:45
for somebody else其他 in a posh辣妹 lab實驗室.
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在豪華的實驗室中做的。
15:47
Physics物理 is right here; it's for us,
and we can all play with it.
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物理就在這裡,是大家的,
我們都能跟它玩。
15:50
Thank you very much.
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非常謝謝。
15:51
(Applause掌聲)
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2000
(掌聲)
Translated by Lilian Chiu
Reviewed by Helen Chang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Czerski - Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us.

Why you should listen

Dr. Helen Czerski has studied bubbles at sea and in the lab, has presented many highly-regarded BBC science documentaries and has told the stories of science (and especially of physics) on stage and in print.

Czerski's academic home is the department of mechanical engineering at University College London in the UK. Her first book, Storm in a Teacup, was published in 2016 (2017 in the US) and shows how the biggest ideas in physics come to life in the world around us -- and how the most mundane quirks of the everyday world open the door to the physics that every citizen needs to know.

Photo: Alex Brenner 

More profile about the speaker
Helen Czerski | Speaker | TED.com