TEDxManchester
Helen Czerski: The fascinating physics of everyday life
Helen Cerski (Helen Czerski): Fascinantna fizika svakodnevnog života
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Fizika se ne dešava sama od sebe u modernoj laboratoriji - dešava se kada gurnete parče hleba sa puterom sa stola ili ubacite par grožđica u gazirano piće ili gledate kako se suši prosuta kafa. Postanite interesantniji gost na večeri, dok fizičar Helen Cerski predstavlja različite koncepte u fizici sa kojima se možete upoznati koristeći svakodnevne stvari iz svoje kuhinje.
Helen Czerski - Physicist
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Dr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
As you heard, I'm a physicist.
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Kao što ste čuli, ja sam fizičar.
00:15
And I think the way we talk about physics
needs a little modification.
needs a little modification.
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I ja mislim da način na koji pričamo
o fizici treba malo modifikovati.
o fizici treba malo modifikovati.
00:19
I am from just down the road here;
I don't live here anymore.
I don't live here anymore.
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Rođena sam u ovoj ulici;
ne živim više ovde.
ne živim više ovde.
00:22
But coming from round here means
that I have a northern nana,
that I have a northern nana,
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Ali poteći odavde znači da imam
nanu sa severa,
nanu sa severa,
00:27
my mum's mom.
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mamu moje mame.
00:28
And Nana is very bright;
she hasn't had much formal education,
she hasn't had much formal education,
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Nana je vrlo bistra;
nema puno formalnog obrazovanja,
nema puno formalnog obrazovanja,
00:32
but she's sharp.
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ali je oštroumna.
00:33
And when I was a second-year undergraduate
studying physics at Cambridge,
studying physics at Cambridge,
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I kada sam bila na drugoj godini studija
fizike na Kembridžu,
fizike na Kembridžu,
00:37
I remember spending an afternoon
at Nana's house in Urmston
at Nana's house in Urmston
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sećam se jednog popodneva u naninoj
kući u Urmstonu
kući u Urmstonu
00:42
studying quantum mechanics.
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kako učim kvantnu mehaniku.
00:44
And I had these folders
open in front of me
open in front of me
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I imala sam sve te fascikle otvorene
ispred sebe
ispred sebe
00:46
with this, you know,
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
hieroglyphics -- let's be honest.
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sa ovim, znate, hijeroglifima -
da budemo iskreni.
da budemo iskreni.
00:49
And Nana came along,
and she looked at this folder,
and she looked at this folder,
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I nana nailazi, gleda tu fasciklu,
00:54
and she said, "What's that?"
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i kaže: „Šta je to"?
00:56
I said, "It's quantum mechanics, Nana."
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Ja kažem: „Kvantna mehanika, nano".
00:59
And I tried to explain something
about what was on the page.
about what was on the page.
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I pokušala sam da objasnim nešto
na toj stranici.
na toj stranici.
01:04
It was to do with the nucleus
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
and Einstein A and B coefficients.
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Imalo je veze sa jezgrom i Ajnštajnovim
koeficijentima A i B.
koeficijentima A i B.
01:08
And Nana looked very impressed.
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I nana je zadivljeno gledala.
01:10
And then she said, "Oh.
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A zatim je rekla: „Oh.
01:13
What can you do when you know that?"
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Šta možeš uraditi kada to znaš"?
01:15
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:19
"Don't know, ma'am."
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„Ne znam, nano".
01:20
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:21
I think I said something about computers,
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Mislim da sam rekla nešto o kompjuterima,
01:23
because it was all
I could think of at the time.
I could think of at the time.
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jer je to bilo jedino čega sam mogla
da se setim u tom trenutku.
da se setim u tom trenutku.
01:26
But you can broaden that question out,
because it's a very good question --
because it's a very good question --
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Ali to pitanje možete proširiti,
jer je vrlo dobro pitanje -
jer je vrlo dobro pitanje -
01:30
"What can you do when you know that?"
when "that" is physics?
when "that" is physics?
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„Šta možete uraditi kada to znate"?
kada je „to" fizika?
kada je „to" fizika?
01:33
And I've come to realize that when
we talk about physics in society
we talk about physics in society
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I onda sam shvatila da kada pričamo
o fizici u društvu
o fizici u društvu
01:37
and our sort of image of it,
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i našoj slici o njoj,
01:38
we don't include the things
that we can do when we know that.
that we can do when we know that.
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ne uključujemo stvari koje možemo uraditi
kada to znamo.
kada to znamo.
01:41
Our perception of what physics is
needs a bit of a shift.
needs a bit of a shift.
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Našu percepciju fizike
treba malo pomeriti.
treba malo pomeriti.
01:44
Not only does it need a bit of a shift,
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Ne samo da ju je potrebno malo pomeriti,
01:46
but sharing this different perspective
matters for our society,
matters for our society,
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već deljenje te različite perspektive
znači našem društvu,
znači našem društvu,
01:51
and I'm not just saying that
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
because I'm a physicist and I'm biased
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a ovo ne govorim samo zato što sam
fizičar i pristrasna sam
fizičar i pristrasna sam
01:55
and I think we're the most
important people in the world.
important people in the world.
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i mislim da smo mi najvažniji
ljudi na svetu.
ljudi na svetu.
01:57
Honest.
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Iskreno.
01:59
So, the image of physics -- we've got
an image problem, let's be honest --
an image problem, let's be honest --
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Tako da se slika o fizici - imamo problem
sa slikom, budimo iskreni -
sa slikom, budimo iskreni -
02:02
it hasn't moved on much from this.
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nije mnogo odmakla od ovoga.
02:04
This is a very famous photograph
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
that's from the Solvay Conference in 1927.
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Ovo je vrlo poznata fotografija,
sa konferencije Solvej 1927. godine.
sa konferencije Solvej 1927. godine.
02:08
This is when the great minds
of physics were grappling
of physics were grappling
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Tada su se veliki umovi fizike rvali
02:13
with the nature of determinism
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sa prirodom determinizma
02:15
and what it means
only to have a probability
only to have a probability
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i šta znači imati samo verovatnoću
02:17
that a particle might be somewhere,
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da čestica može biti negde,
02:19
and whether any of it was real.
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i da li je išta od toga postojalo.
02:20
And it was all very difficult.
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I sve to je bilo vrlo teško.
02:22
And you'll notice they're all
very stern-looking men in suits.
very stern-looking men in suits.
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Svi ćete primetiti da su svi oni
ljudi u odelima, krutog izgleda
ljudi u odelima, krutog izgleda
02:25
Marie Curie -- I keep maybe saying,
"Marie Antoinette,"
"Marie Antoinette,"
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Marija Kiri - ja možda stalno govorim,
"Marija Antonaneta",
"Marija Antonaneta",
02:28
which would be a turn-up for the books --
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što bi bio srećan slučaj za knjige -
02:30
Marie Curie, third from the left
on the bottom there,
on the bottom there,
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Marija Kiri, treća s leva, tamo pri dnu,
02:32
she was allowed in,
but had to dress like everybody else.
but had to dress like everybody else.
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bila joj dozvoljeno da uđe,
ali je morala da se oblači kao svi ostali.
ali je morala da se oblači kao svi ostali.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:36
So, this is what physics is like --
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
there's all these kinds of hieroglyphics,
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Tako da to je fizika -
postoje svi ti hijeroglifi,
postoje svi ti hijeroglifi,
02:40
these are to do with waves and particles.
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oni imaju veze za talasima i česticama.
02:42
That is an artist's impression
of two black holes colliding,
of two black holes colliding,
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To je umetnički utisak o dve crne rupe
koje se sudaraju,
koje se sudaraju,
02:45
which makes it look
worth watching, to be honest.
worth watching, to be honest.
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što ih čini vrednim gledanja,
da budem iskrena.
da budem iskrena.
02:48
I'm glad I didn't have to write
the risk assessment
the risk assessment
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Drago mi je da nisam morala da pišem
procenu rizika
procenu rizika
02:50
for whatever was going on there.
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za šta god se tamo dešavalo.
02:52
The point is: this is
the image of physics, right?
the image of physics, right?
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Poenta je: ovo je slika o fizici, zar ne?
02:54
It's weird and difficult,
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Čudna je i teška,
02:55
done by slightly strange people
dressed in a slightly strange way.
dressed in a slightly strange way.
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napravili su je pomalo čudni ljudi,
pomalo čudno obučeni.
pomalo čudno obučeni.
02:58
It's inaccessible, it's somewhere else
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Nedostupna je, postoji tamo negde
03:00
and fundamentally, why should I care?
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i u suštini, zašto bi me bilo briga?
03:03
And the problem with that
is that I'm a physicist,
is that I'm a physicist,
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Problem s tim je što sam ja fizičar,
03:07
and I study this.
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i izučavam ovo.
03:09
This -- this is my job, right?
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Ovo - to je moj posao, zar ne?
03:11
I study the interface
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
between the atmosphere and the ocean.
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Izučavam pristup između
atmosfere i okeana.
atmosfere i okeana.
03:15
The atmosphere is massive,
the ocean is massive,
the ocean is massive,
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Atmosfera je masivna, okean je masivan,
03:17
and the thin layer
that joins them together
that joins them together
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a tanak sloj koji ih spaja
03:19
is really important,
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je vrlo važan,
03:20
because that's where things go
from one huge reservoir to the other.
from one huge reservoir to the other.
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jer tu stvari prelaze iz jednog ogromnog
rezervoara u drugi.
rezervoara u drugi.
03:23
You can see that the sea surface --
that was me who took this video --
that was me who took this video --
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Možete videti da površina mora -
ja sam ta koja je snimila ovaj video -
ja sam ta koja je snimila ovaj video -
03:27
the average height of those waves
by the way, was 10 meters.
by the way, was 10 meters.
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prosečna visina tih talasa
je bila 10 metara.
je bila 10 metara.
03:30
So this is definitely physics
happening here --
happening here --
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Prema tome definitivno se fizika
dešava ovde -
dešava ovde -
03:33
there's lots of things --
this is definitely physics.
this is definitely physics.
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ima puno stvari -
ovo je definitivno fizika.
ovo je definitivno fizika.
03:35
And yet it's not included
in our cultural perception of physics,
in our cultural perception of physics,
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A opet nije uključeno u našu
kulturološku percepciju fizike,
kulturološku percepciju fizike,
03:39
and that bothers me.
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i to mi smeta.
03:41
So what is included
in our cultural perception of physics?
in our cultural perception of physics?
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Da vidimo šta je uključeno u našu
kulturološku percepciju fizike?
kulturološku percepciju fizike?
03:44
Because I'm a physicist,
there has to be a graph, right?
there has to be a graph, right?
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Pošto sam fizičar,
mora da postoji grafikon, zar ne?
mora da postoji grafikon, zar ne?
03:47
That's allowed.
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To je dozvoljeno.
03:48
We've got time along the bottom here,
from very fast things there,
from very fast things there,
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Imamo vreme ovde na dnu,
od vrlo brzih stvari tamo,
od vrlo brzih stvari tamo,
03:53
to things that take a long time over here.
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do stvari kojima treba puno vremena, ovde.
03:56
Small things at the bottom,
big things up there.
big things up there.
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Male stvari na dnu, velike stvari gore.
03:58
So, our current cultural image
of physics looks like this.
of physics looks like this.
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Prema tome, naša trenutna kulturološka
slika o fizici izgleda ovako.
slika o fizici izgleda ovako.
04:02
There's quantum mechanics
down in that corner,
down in that corner,
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U ovom uglu dole je kvantna mehanika,
04:04
it's very small, it's very weird,
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vrlo je mala, vrlo čudna,
04:06
it happens very quickly,
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odvija se vrlo brzo,
04:08
and it's a long way down
in the general ...
in the general ...
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i generalno ona je daleko dole...
04:11
on the scale of anything that matters
for everyday life.
for everyday life.
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na skali bilo čega što znači
za svakodnevni život.
za svakodnevni život.
04:14
And then there's cosmology,
which is up there;
which is up there;
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A zatim postoji kosmologija,
koja je ovde gore;
koja je ovde gore;
04:17
very large, very far away,
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vrlo velika, vrlo daleko,
04:18
also very weird.
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takođe vrlo čudna.
04:20
And if you go to some places
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I ako idete do nekih mesta
04:22
like black holes
in the beginning of the universe,
in the beginning of the universe,
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kao što su crne rupe
na početku univerzuma,
na početku univerzuma,
04:25
we know that these are frontiers
in physics, right?
in physics, right?
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znamo da su to granice u fizici, zar ne?
04:28
There's lots of work being done
to discover new physics
to discover new physics
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Puno se radi na otkrivanju nove fizike
04:31
in these places.
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na ovim mestima.
04:33
But the thing is, you will notice
there's a very large gap in the middle.
there's a very large gap in the middle.
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Zapravo, primetićete da postoji
ogroman jaz u sredini.
ogroman jaz u sredini.
04:36
And in that gap, there are many things.
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I u tom jazu postoji puno stvari.
04:39
There are planets and toasts
and volcanoes and clouds
and volcanoes and clouds
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Tu su planete i tostovi i vulkani i oblaci
04:41
and clarinets and bubbles and dolphins
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i klarineti i mehurići i delfini
04:43
and all sorts of things
that make up our everyday life.
that make up our everyday life.
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i gomila stvari koje čine
naš svakodnevni život.
naš svakodnevni život.
04:47
And these are also run by physics,
you'd be surprised --
you'd be surprised --
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I njima takođe upravlja fizika,
iznenadili biste se -
iznenadili biste se -
04:50
there is physics in the middle,
it's just that nobody talks about it.
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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fizika je u sredini,
samo što o njoj niko ne govori.
samo što o njoj niko ne govori.
04:53
And the thing about all of these
is that they all run
is that they all run
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Stvar je u tome da svi oni rade
04:57
on a relatively small number
of physical laws,
of physical laws,
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na osnovu relativno malog broja
zakona fizike,
zakona fizike,
05:01
things like Newton's laws of motion,
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poput Njutnovog zakona kretanja,
05:03
thermodynamics,
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termodinamike,
05:04
some rotational dynamics.
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nekih rotacionih dinamika.
05:05
The physics in the middle
applies over a huge range,
applies over a huge range,
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Fizika u sredini se odnosi na ogroman niz,
05:09
from very, very small things
to very, very big things.
to very, very big things.
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od vrlo, vrlo malih stvari
do vrlo, vrlo velikih.
do vrlo, vrlo velikih.
05:12
You have to try very hard
to get outside of this.
to get outside of this.
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Morate se dosta potruditi
da izađete izvan ovoga.
da izađete izvan ovoga.
05:14
And there is also a frontier
in research physics here,
in research physics here,
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Tu postoji i granica
u istraživačkoj fizici,
u istraživačkoj fizici,
05:18
it's just that nobody talks about it.
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samo što o tome niko ne govori.
05:20
This is the world of the complex.
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Ovo je svet složenosti.
05:21
When these laws work together,
they bring about
they bring about
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Kada ovi zakoni rade zajedno, oni stvaraju
05:24
the beautiful, messy,
complex world we live in.
complex world we live in.
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prelepi, neuredni, složeni
svet u kome živimo.
svet u kome živimo.
05:27
Fundamentally, this is the bit
that really matters to me
that really matters to me
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U suštini, ovo je delić
koji meni zaista znači
koji meni zaista znači
05:30
on an everyday basis.
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na svakodnevnoj osnovi.
05:31
And this is the bit
that we don't talk about.
that we don't talk about.
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A to je delić o kome ne govorimo.
05:34
There's plenty of physics
research going on here.
research going on here.
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Sprovode se mnoga istraživanja u fizici.
05:36
But because it doesn't involve
pointing at stars,
pointing at stars,
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Ali zato što ne uključuje
pokazivanje zvezda,
pokazivanje zvezda,
05:38
people for some reason
think it's not that.
think it's not that.
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ljudi iz nekog razloga misle
da to nije to.
da to nije to.
05:41
Now, the cool thing about this
is that there are so many things
is that there are so many things
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E sada, super stvar u vezi sa ovim je
da postoji mnogo stvari
da postoji mnogo stvari
05:44
in this middle bit,
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u ovom malom srednjem delu,
05:46
all following the same physical laws,
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koje sve prate iste fizičke zakone,
05:49
that we can see those laws at work
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tako da možemo videti te zakone na delu
05:51
almost all the time around us.
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oko sebe u skoro svakom trenutku.
05:53
I've got a little video here.
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Ovde imam jedan mali video.
05:55
So the game is, one of these eggs is raw
and one of them has been boiled.
and one of them has been boiled.
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Igra je sledeća, jedno ovih jaja je živo,
a jedno bareno.
a jedno bareno.
05:59
I want you to tell me which one is which.
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Želim da mi kažete koje je koje.
06:02
Which one's raw?
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Koje je živo?
06:04
(Audience responds)
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(Publika odgovara)
06:05
The one on the left -- yes!
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Ono sa leve strane - da!
06:07
And even though you might not
have tried that, you all knew.
have tried that, you all knew.
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I čak iako to možda niste probali,
svi ste znali.
svi ste znali.
06:10
The reason for that is,
you set them spinning,
you set them spinning,
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Razlog tome je, zavrtite ih
06:12
and when you stop the cooked egg,
the one that's completely solid,
the one that's completely solid,
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i kada zaustavite kuvano jaje,
ono koje je potpuno čvrsto,
ono koje je potpuno čvrsto,
06:15
you stop the entire egg.
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vi zaustavite celo jaje.
06:17
When you stop the other one,
you only stop the shell;
you only stop the shell;
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Kada zaustavite ono drugo,
vi zaustavite samo ljusku;
vi zaustavite samo ljusku;
06:19
the liquid inside is still rotating
because nothing's made it stop.
because nothing's made it stop.
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tečnost unutra se i dalje okreće
jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.
jer je ništa nije zaustavilo.
06:22
And then it pushes the shell round again,
so the egg starts to rotate again.
so the egg starts to rotate again.
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Ona zatim pokreće ljusku ponovo,
tako da jaje počinje ponovo da se vrti.
tako da jaje počinje ponovo da se vrti.
06:27
This is brilliant, right?
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Ovo je fenomenalno, zar ne?
06:29
It's a demonstration
of something in physics
of something in physics
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Ovo je demonstracija nečega što u fizici
06:31
that we call the law of conservation
of angular momentum,
of angular momentum,
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zovemo zakonom očuvanja ugaonog momenta,
06:35
which basically says
that if you set something spinning
that if you set something spinning
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koji u osnovi kaže da ako nešto zavrtiš
06:37
about a fixed axis,
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oko fiksirane ose,
06:38
that it will keep spinning
unless you do something to stop it.
unless you do something to stop it.
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nastaviće da se vrti
ukoliko ne uradiš nešto da ga zaustaviš.
ukoliko ne uradiš nešto da ga zaustaviš.
06:42
And that's really fundamental
in how the universe works.
in how the universe works.
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A to je zaista osnova načina
na koji univerzum funkcioniše.
na koji univerzum funkcioniše.
06:45
And it's not just eggs that it applies to,
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I to se ne primenjuje samo na jaja,
06:47
although it's really useful
if you're the sort of person --
if you're the sort of person --
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iako je zaista korisno ako ste tip osobe -
06:50
and apparently, these people do exist --
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a takvi ljudi očigledno postoje -
06:52
who will boil eggs
and then put them back in the fridge.
and then put them back in the fridge.
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koji će obariti jaja,
a zatim ih vratiti u frižider.
a zatim ih vratiti u frižider.
06:55
Who does that? Don't admit to it --
it's OK. We won't judge you.
it's OK. We won't judge you.
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Ko to radi? Ne morate reći - u redu je.
Nećemo vas osuđivati.
Nećemo vas osuđivati.
06:58
But it's also got much
broader applicabilities.
broader applicabilities.
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Već ima i mnogo širu primenu.
07:01
This is the Hubble Space Telescope.
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Ovo je svemirski teleskop Habl.
07:03
The Hubble Ultra Deep Field,
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
which is a very tiny part of the sky.
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Ultra duboko polje Habla,
što je vrlo mali deo neba.
što je vrlo mali deo neba.
07:06
Hubble has been floating
in free space for 25 years,
in free space for 25 years,
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Habl pluta u slobodnom prostoru 25 godina,
07:10
not touching anything.
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ne dodirujući ništa.
07:11
And yet it can point
to a tiny region of sky.
to a tiny region of sky.
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A opet može ukazati na mali region neba.
07:14
For 11 and a half days,
it did it in sections,
it did it in sections,
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11 ipo dana je to radio u delovima,
07:18
accurately enough
to take amazing images like this.
to take amazing images like this.
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dovoljno precizno da zabeleži
predivne slike poput ovih.
predivne slike poput ovih.
07:21
So the question is:
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Pitanje je onda:
07:22
How does something
that is not touching anything
that is not touching anything
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kako nešto što ne dodiruje ništa
07:25
know where it is?
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zna gde se nalazi?
07:26
The answer is that right in the middle
of it, it has something
of it, it has something
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Odgovor je da u sredini ima nešto,
07:29
that, to my great disappointment,
isn't a raw egg,
isn't a raw egg,
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što, na moje veliko razočarenje,
nije živo jaje,
nije živo jaje,
07:31
but basically does the same job.
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ali u osnovi radi isti posao.
07:33
It's got gyroscopes which are spinning,
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On ima žiroskope koji se okreću,
07:35
and because of the law
of conservation of angular momentum,
of conservation of angular momentum,
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i zbog zakona održanja ugaonog momenta,
07:37
they keep spinning
with the same axis, indefinitely.
with the same axis, indefinitely.
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oni nastavljaju da se okreću
sa istom osom, beskonačno.
sa istom osom, beskonačno.
07:40
Hubble kind of rotates around them,
and so it can orient itself.
and so it can orient itself.
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Habl se zapravo okreće oko njih,
pa se tako orijentiše.
pa se tako orijentiše.
07:43
So the same little physical law
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
we can play with in the kitchen and use,
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Tako da isti mali zakon fizike sa kojim se
možemo igrati u kuhinji i koristiti ga,
možemo igrati u kuhinji i koristiti ga,
07:47
also explains what makes possible
some of the most advanced technology
some of the most advanced technology
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takođe objašnjava šta čini mogućom
najnapredniju tehnologiju
najnapredniju tehnologiju
07:52
of our time.
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našeg vremena.
07:54
So this is the fun bit of physics,
that you learn these patterns
that you learn these patterns
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Ovo je zabavni deo fizike,
gde učite ove šablone,
gde učite ove šablone,
07:57
and then you can apply them
again and again and again.
again and again and again.
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a onda ih možete primenjivati
iznova i iznova.
iznova i iznova.
08:00
And it's really rewarding
when you spot them in new places.
when you spot them in new places.
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I zaista je nagrađujuće
kada ih primetite na novim mestima.
kada ih primetite na novim mestima.
08:03
This is the fun of physics.
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Ovo je zabavni deo fizike.
08:04
I have shown that egg video
to an audience full of businesspeople once
to an audience full of businesspeople once
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Jednom sam pokazala onaj video sa jajima
publici punoj poslovnih ljudi
publici punoj poslovnih ljudi
08:09
and they were all dressed up very smartly
and trying to impress their bosses.
and trying to impress their bosses.
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koji su bili vrlo poslovno obučeni
i pokušavali da zadive svoje šefove.
i pokušavali da zadive svoje šefove.
08:13
And I was running out of time,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
so I showed the egg video and then said,
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Ponestajalo mi je vremena, tako da sam
pustila video sa jajima i rekla,
pustila video sa jajima i rekla,
08:17
"Well, you can work it out,
and ask me afterwards to check."
and ask me afterwards to check."
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„Pa, možete razmisliti, i pitati me
posle da proverim".
posle da proverim".
08:20
Then I left the stage.
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Zatim sam otišla sa pozornice.
08:21
And I had, literally,
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I imala sam, bukvalno,
08:22
middle-aged grown men
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
tugging on my sleeve afterwards,
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sredovečne odrasle muškarce
koji me vuku za rukav,
koji me vuku za rukav,
08:25
saying, "Is it this? Is it this?"
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govoreći: „Je l' to ovo?"
08:27
And when I said, "Yes." They went, "Yes!"
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I kada bih rekla „Da", oni bi rekli „To!"
08:29
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:30
The joy that you get
from spotting these patterns
from spotting these patterns
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Užitak prepoznavanja ovih šablona
08:32
doesn't go away when you're an adult.
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ne nestaje kada odrastete.
08:34
And that's really important,
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I to je vrlo važno,
08:36
because physics is all about patterns,
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jer je fizika puna šablona,
08:39
and a small number of patterns
give you access
give you access
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i mali broj njih vam daje pristup
08:41
to almost all of the physics
in our everyday world.
in our everyday world.
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skoro svoj fizici
u našem svakodnevnom svetu.
u našem svakodnevnom svetu.
08:45
The thing that's best about this
is it involves playing with toys.
is it involves playing with toys.
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Najbolja stvar u vezi sa ovim je
to što uključuje igru igračkama.
to što uključuje igru igračkama.
08:48
Things like the egg shouldn't be dismissed
as the mundane little things
as the mundane little things
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Stvari poput jajeta ne bi trebalo
odbaciti kao svakodnevne male stvari
odbaciti kao svakodnevne male stvari
08:52
that we just give the kids to play with
on a Saturday afternoon
on a Saturday afternoon
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koje dajemo deci da se igraju
subotom popodne
subotom popodne
08:55
to keep them quiet.
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kako bi ih ućutkali.
08:56
This is the stuff
that actually really matters,
that actually really matters,
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Ovo su stvari koje zapravo zaista znače,
08:59
because this is the laws of the universe
and it applies to eggs
and it applies to eggs
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jer je ovo zakon univerzuma
i primenjuje se na jaja
i primenjuje se na jaja
09:02
and toast falling butter-side down
and all sorts of other things,
and all sorts of other things,
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i hleb koji pada na stranu sa puterom
i gomilu drugih stvari,
i gomilu drugih stvari,
09:05
just as much as it applies
to modern technology
to modern technology
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isto onoliko koliko se odnosi
na modernu tehnologiju
na modernu tehnologiju
09:07
and anything else
that's going on in the world.
that's going on in the world.
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i sve drugo što se dešava u svetu.
09:10
So I think we should play
with these patterns.
with these patterns.
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Prema tome ja mislim da bi trebalo
da se igramo sa tim šablonima.
da se igramo sa tim šablonima.
09:13
Basically, there are a small
number of concepts
number of concepts
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U osnovi postoji mali broj koncepаta
09:16
that you can become familiar with
using things in your kitchen,
using things in your kitchen,
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sa kojima se možete upoznati
korišćenjem predmeta u kuhinji,
korišćenjem predmeta u kuhinji,
09:19
that are really useful
for life in the outside world.
for life in the outside world.
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a koji su vrlo korisni za život
u spoljašnjem svetu.
u spoljašnjem svetu.
09:21
If you want to learn about thermodynamics,
a duck is a good place to start,
a duck is a good place to start,
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Ako želite da učite o termodinamici,
patka je dobro početno mesto,
patka je dobro početno mesto,
09:25
for example, why their feet
don't get cold.
don't get cold.
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na primer, zašto se njihova stopala
nikada ne hlade.
nikada ne hlade.
09:27
Once you've got a bit
of thermodynamics with the duck,
of thermodynamics with the duck,
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Kada shvatite deo termodinamike sa patkom,
09:30
you can also explain fridges.
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možete objasniti i frižidere.
09:31
Magnets that you can play with
in your kitchen
in your kitchen
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Magneti sa kojima se možete igrati
u svojoj kuhinji
u svojoj kuhinji
09:34
get you to wind turbines
and modern energy generation.
and modern energy generation.
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vam objašnjavaju turbine i modernu
proizvodnju energije.
proizvodnju energije.
09:38
Raisins in [fizzy] lemonade, which is always
a good thing to play with.
a good thing to play with.
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Grožđice u gaziranoj limunadi,
što je uvek dobra stvar za igru.
što je uvek dobra stvar za igru.
09:41
If you're at a boring party,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
fish some raisins out of the bar snacks,
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Ako ste na dosadnoj žurci,
izvucite nekoliko grožđica iz činije,
izvucite nekoliko grožđica iz činije,
09:44
put them in some lemonade.
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stavite ih u malo limunade.
09:46
It's got three consequences.
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To ima tri posledice.
09:48
First thing is, it's quite good
to watch; try it.
to watch; try it.
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Prvo, vrlo je dobro za gledanje; probajte.
09:50
Secondly, it sends the boring people away.
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Drugo, oteraće dosadne ljude.
09:53
Thirdly, it brings
the interesting people to you.
the interesting people to you.
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Treće, dovešće vam interesantne ljude.
09:55
You win on all fronts.
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Pobeđujete na svim frontovima.
09:57
And then there's spin
and gas laws and viscosity.
and gas laws and viscosity.
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Zatim su tu zakoni rotacije i gasa
i viskoznost.
i viskoznost.
10:00
There's these little patterns,
and they're right around us everywhere.
and they're right around us everywhere.
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Tu su ti mali šabloni, i svuda su oko nas.
10:03
And it's fundamentally democratic, right?
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I to je bazično demokratski, zar ne?
10:07
Everybody has access to the same physics;
you don't need a big, posh lab.
you don't need a big, posh lab.
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Svi imaju pristup istoj fizici; nije
potrebna velika, otmena laboratorija.
potrebna velika, otmena laboratorija.
10:11
When I wrote the book,
I had the chapter on spin.
I had the chapter on spin.
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Kada sam pisala knjigu,
imala sam poglavlje o rotaciji.
imala sam poglavlje o rotaciji.
10:15
I had written a bit
about toast falling butter-side down.
about toast falling butter-side down.
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Pisala sam malo i o hlebu koji se prevrne
na stranu sa puterom.
na stranu sa puterom.
10:17
I gave the chapter to a friend of mine
who's not a scientist,
who's not a scientist,
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Dala sam poglavlje jednom prijatelju
koji nije naučnik,
koji nije naučnik,
10:21
for him to read and tell me
what he thought,
what he thought,
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da pročita i kaže mi šta misli,
10:23
and he took the chapter away.
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i on je odneo poglavlje.
10:26
He was working overseas.
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Radio je u inostranstvu.
10:27
I got this text message back from him
a couple of weeks later,
a couple of weeks later,
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Posle nekoliko nedelja
sam od njega dobila poruku,
sam od njega dobila poruku,
10:30
and it said, "I'm at breakfast
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
in a posh hotel in Switzerland,
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koja kaže: „Doručkujem u otmenom hotelu
u Švajcarskoj,
u Švajcarskoj,
10:34
and I really want
to push toast off the table,
to push toast off the table,
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i zaista želim da gurnem hleb sa stola,
10:37
because I don't believe what you wrote."
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2542
jer ne verujem šta si napisala".
10:40
And that was the good bit --
he doesn't have to.
he doesn't have to.
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2315
I to je dobra stvar - ne mora.
10:42
He can push the toast off the table
and try it for himself.
and try it for himself.
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3456
Može da gurne hleb sa stola i proba sam.
10:45
And so there's two important things
to know about science:
to know about science:
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Postoje dve važne stvari
koje treba znati o nauci:
koje treba znati o nauci:
10:49
the fundamental laws we've learned
through experience and experimentation,
through experience and experimentation,
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4314
osnovni zakoni koje smo naučili
kroz iskustvo i eksperimentisanje,
kroz iskustvo i eksperimentisanje,
10:54
work.
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1154
rade.
10:55
The day we drop an apple and it goes up,
239
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1982
Onog dana kada ispustimo jabuku
i ona ode gore
i ona ode gore
10:57
then we'll have a debate about gravity.
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tada ćemo imati debatu o gravitaciji.
10:59
Up to that point,
we basically know how gravity works,
we basically know how gravity works,
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Do tada, znamo kako gravitacija radi,
11:01
and we can learn the framework.
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1534
i naučili smo okvire.
11:03
Then there's the process
of experimentation:
of experimentation:
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2287
Zatim je tu proces eksperimentisanja:
11:05
having confidence in things,
trying things out,
trying things out,
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imanje poverenja u stvari,
isprobavanje novih,
isprobavanje novih,
11:07
critical thinking -- how we move
science forward --
science forward --
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kritičko razmišljanje -
kako pomeramo nauku napred,
kako pomeramo nauku napred,
11:10
and you can learn both of those things
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2000
a obe stvari možete naučiti
11:12
by playing with toys
in the everyday world.
in the everyday world.
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igranjem igračkama
u svakodnevnom svetu.
u svakodnevnom svetu.
11:15
And it's really important,
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2147
I vrlo je važno,
11:17
because there's all this talk
about technology,
about technology,
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2215
jer je tu sva ta priča o tehnologiji,
11:19
we've heard talks about quantum computing
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667966
2001
čuli smo priče o kvantnom računanju
11:21
and all these mysterious, far-off things.
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2001
i svim tim misterioznim, dalekim stvarima.
11:24
But fundamentally, we still live in bodies
that are about this size,
that are about this size,
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3834
Ali u osnovi i dalje živimo u telima
koja su otprilike ove velilčine,
koja su otprilike ove velilčine,
11:27
we still walk about,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
sit on chairs that are about this size,
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2937
i dalje hodamo unaokolo,
sedimo na stolicama ove veličine,
sedimo na stolicama ove veličine,
11:30
we still live in the physical world.
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2000
i dalje živimo u fizičkom svetu.
11:32
And being familiar with these concepts
means we're not helpless.
means we're not helpless.
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A biti upoznat sa svim tim konceptima
znači da nismo bespomoćni.
znači da nismo bespomoćni.
11:36
And I think it's really important
that we're not helpless,
that we're not helpless,
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2851
Ja mislim da je vrlo važno
da nismo bespomoćni,
da nismo bespomoćni,
11:39
that society feels it can look at things,
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da društvo misli da može gledati u stvari,
11:41
because this isn't
about knowing all the answers.
about knowing all the answers.
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jer to ne znači znati sve odgovore.
11:44
It's about having the framework
so you can ask the right questions.
so you can ask the right questions.
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3417
Znači da imamo okvir kako bismo
postavljali prava pitanja.
postavljali prava pitanja.
11:48
And by playing with these fundamental
little things in everyday life,
little things in everyday life,
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A igranjem sa ovim malim bazičnim stvarima
iz svakodnevnog života,
iz svakodnevnog života,
11:51
we gain the confidence
to ask the right questions.
to ask the right questions.
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stičemo samopouzdanje
da postavimo prava pitanja.
da postavimo prava pitanja.
11:54
So, there's a bigger thing.
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Prema tome, eto veće stvari.
11:56
In answer to Nana's question
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Odgovor na nanino pitanje
11:57
about what can you do
when you know that --
when you know that --
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o tome šta možemo raditi kada to znamo -
11:59
because there's lots of stuff
in the everyday world
in the everyday world
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jer postoji mnogo stvari
u svakodnevnom svetu
u svakodnevnom svetu
12:01
that you can do when you know that,
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koje možete raditi kada to znate,
12:03
especially if you've got
eggs in the fridge --
eggs in the fridge --
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naročito ako imate jaja u fružideru -
12:06
there's a much deeper answer.
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je da postoji mnogo dublji odgovor.
12:08
And so there's all the fun
and the curiosity
and the curiosity
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Puno zabave i znatiželje
12:10
that you could have playing with toys.
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718718
1962
ima u igri sa igračkama.
12:12
By the way -- why should kids have
all the fun, right?
all the fun, right?
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Uzgred - zašto bi se samo deca
zabavljala, zar ne?
zabavljala, zar ne?
12:16
All of us can have fun playing with toys,
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Svi se možemo zabavljati igračkama,
12:18
and we shouldn't be embarrassed about it.
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i ne bi trebalo da se stidimo zbog toga.
12:20
You can blame me, it's fine.
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Možete okriviti mene, u redu je.
12:22
So when it comes to reasons
for studying physics, for example,
for studying physics, for example,
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Kada govorimo o razlozima
za učenje fizike, na primer,
za učenje fizike, na primer,
12:27
here is the best reason I can think of:
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evo najboljeg kog se mogu setiti:
12:30
I think that each of us has
three life-support systems.
three life-support systems.
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mislim da svako od nas ima
tri sistema za podršku životu.
tri sistema za podršku životu.
12:34
We've got our own body, we've got a planet
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Imamo svoje telo, imamo planetu
12:36
and we've got our civilization.
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i imamo svoju civilizaciju.
12:38
Each of those is an independent
life-support system,
life-support system,
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3039
Svaki od njih je nezavisni
sistem podrške životu,
sistem podrške životu,
12:41
keeping us alive in its own way.
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koji nas održava živim na svoj način.
12:43
And they all run
on the fundamental physical laws
on the fundamental physical laws
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A svi oni rade na osnovu
fundamentalnih zakona fizike
fundamentalnih zakona fizike
12:46
that you can learn in the kitchen
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
with eggs and teacups and lemonade,
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3400
koje možete naučiti u kuhinji
sa jajima i šoljama za čaj i limunadom,
sa jajima i šoljama za čaj i limunadom,
12:50
and everything else you can play with.
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i svim ostalim sa čim se možete igrati.
12:52
This is the reason, for example,
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Ovo je razlog, na primer,
12:53
why something like climate change
is such a serious problem,
is such a serious problem,
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2905
zašto je nešto poput klimatske promene
tako veliki problem,
tako veliki problem,
12:56
because It's two of these
life-support systems,
life-support systems,
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2532
zato što se njegova dva sistema
podrške životu,
podrške životu,
12:59
our planet and our civilization,
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naša planeta i naša civilizacija,
13:01
kind of butting up against each other;
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769109
1955
sudaraju jedan s drugim;
13:03
they're in conflict,
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
and we need to negotiate that boundary.
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2892
u konfliktu su, a mi moramo
da pregovaramo o granici.
da pregovaramo o granici.
13:06
And the fundamental physical laws
that we can learn
that we can learn
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Osnovni zakoni fizike koje možemo naučiti
13:08
that are the way
the world around us works,
the world around us works,
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2180
i koji pokreću svet oko nas,
13:10
are the tools at the basis of everything;
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2420
jesu alati u osnovi svega;
13:13
they're the foundation.
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oni su temelj.
13:14
There's lots of things
to know about in life,
to know about in life,
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2171
Ima mnogo stvari u životu
o kojima treba znati,
o kojima treba znati,
13:16
but knowing the foundations
is going to get you a long way.
is going to get you a long way.
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2796
ali poznavanje temelja će vas
odvesti daleko.
odvesti daleko.
13:19
And I think this, if you're not interested
in having fun with physics
in having fun with physics
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I ja mislim da ako niste zainteresovani
za zabavljanje fizikom
za zabavljanje fizikom
13:23
or anything like that -- strange,
but apparently, these people exist --
but apparently, these people exist --
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4051
ili bilo šta slično - čudno,
ali očigledno takvi ljudi postoje -
ali očigledno takvi ljudi postoje -
13:27
you surely are interested
in keeping yourself alive
in keeping yourself alive
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4087
zasigurno jeste zainteresovani
za održavanje sebe u životu
za održavanje sebe u životu
13:31
and in how our life-support systems work.
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i to kako naš sistem podrške životu radi.
13:33
The framework for physics
is remarkably constant;
is remarkably constant;
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Okvir fizike je upečatljivo konstantan;
13:38
it's the same in lots and lots
of things that we measure.
of things that we measure.
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2676
isti je u mnogo stvari koje merimo.
13:41
It's not going to change anytime soon.
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I neće se promeniti uskoro.
13:42
They might discover
some new quantum mechanics,
some new quantum mechanics,
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2263
Možda će otkriti neku novu
kvantnu mehaniku,
kvantnu mehaniku,
13:45
but apples right here
are still going to fall down.
are still going to fall down.
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2656
ali ove jabuke će i dalje padati dole.
13:47
So, the question is --
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2123
Prema tome, pitanje je -
13:49
I get asked sometimes: How do you start?
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Ponekad me pitaju: kako počinješ?
13:52
What's the place to start
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Odakle se počinje
13:53
if you're interested in the physical
world, in not being helpless,
world, in not being helpless,
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3256
ako te interesuje fizički svet,
kako ne biti bespomoćan,
kako ne biti bespomoćan,
13:56
and in finding some toys to play with?
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1837
i traženje igračaka za igru?
13:58
Here is my suggestion to you:
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2404
Evo mog predloga za vas:
14:01
the place to start is that moment --
and adults do this --
and adults do this --
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mesto gde se počinje je onaj momenat -
a odrasli ovo rade -
a odrasli ovo rade -
14:06
you're drifting along somewhere,
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1862
kada negde lutate,
14:08
and you spot something
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
and your brain goes, "Oh, that's weird."
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3591
i ugledate nešto
a vaš mozak kaže: „O, čudno".
a vaš mozak kaže: „O, čudno".
14:12
And then your consciousness goes,
"You're an adult. Keep going."
"You're an adult. Keep going."
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A zatim vaša svest kaže:
„Odrasla si osoba. Nastavi dalje".
„Odrasla si osoba. Nastavi dalje".
14:15
And that's the point --
hold that thought --
hold that thought --
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I to je trenutak - zadržite tu misao -
14:18
that bit where your brain went,
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
"Oh, that's a bit odd,"
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2628
delić gde je vaš mozak rekao:
„To je pomalo čudno",
„To je pomalo čudno",
14:21
because there's something
there to play with,
there to play with,
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2053
jer tu postoji nešto sa čim se igra,
14:23
and it's worth you playing with it,
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1718
i vredno je vaše igre sa njim,
14:25
so that's the place to start.
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1396
prema tome tu se počinje.
14:26
But if you don't have
any of those little moments
any of those little moments
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Ali ako nemate nijedan
od tih malih momenata
od tih malih momenata
14:28
on your way home from this event,
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1596
na svom putu kući sa ovog događaja,
14:30
here are some things to start with.
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858457
1685
evo nekih stvari za početak.
14:32
Put raisins in [fizzy] lemonade;
highly entertaining.
highly entertaining.
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2162
Stavite grožđice u gaziranu limunadu;
izuzetno zabavno.
izuzetno zabavno.
14:34
Watch a coffee spill dry.
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2000
Gledajte kako se suši prosuta kafa.
14:36
I know that sounds a little bit
like watching paint dry,
like watching paint dry,
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2604
Znam da to izgleda pomalo
kao gledati boju kako se suši
kao gledati boju kako se suši
14:39
but it does do quite weird things;
it's worth watching.
it's worth watching.
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867004
3465
ali ipak radi neke čudne stvari;
vredi gledati.
vredi gledati.
14:42
I'm an acquired taste at dinner parties
if there are teacups around.
if there are teacups around.
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870493
4195
Ljudi počinju da me vole na večerama
ako u blizini ima šolja za čaj.
ako u blizini ima šolja za čaj.
14:46
There are so many things you can do
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
to play with teacups, it's brilliant.
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3440
Ima toliko stvari koje možete raditi
sa šoljama za čaj, neverovatno je.
sa šoljama za čaj, neverovatno je.
14:50
The most obvious one
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
is to get a teacup, get a spoon,
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3409
Najočiglednija je da uzmete šolju, kašiku,
14:53
tap the teacup around the rim and listen,
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2318
udarajte šolju po obodu i slušajte,
14:55
and you will hear something strange.
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1795
i čućete nešto čudno.
14:57
And the other thing is,
push your toast off the table
push your toast off the table
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3300
A druga stvar je, gurnite hleb sa stola
15:01
because you can,
and you'll learn stuff from it.
and you'll learn stuff from it.
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2409
jer možete, i naučićete nešto iz toga.
15:03
And if you're feeling really ambitious,
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1952
A ako ste zaista ambiciozni,
15:05
try and push it off in such a way
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
that it doesn't fall butter-side down,
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4127
pokušajte da ga gurnete tako da
ne padne na stranu sa puterom,
ne padne na stranu sa puterom,
15:09
which is possible.
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što je moguće.
15:11
The point of all of this is that,
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Poenta svega ovoga je da bi,
15:13
first of all, we should all
play with toys.
play with toys.
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pre svega, svi trebalo da se igramo.
15:16
We shouldn't be afraid to investigate
the physical world for ourselves
the physical world for ourselves
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Ne bi trebalo da se plašimo ispitivanja
fizičkog sveta za sebe
fizičkog sveta za sebe
15:19
with the tools around us,
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alatkama oko sebe,
15:20
because we all have access to them.
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jer su nam svima dostupne.
15:22
It matters, because if we want
to understand society,
to understand society,
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Važno je, jer ako želimo
da razumemo društvo,
da razumemo društvo,
15:25
if we want to be good citizens,
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ako želimo da budemo dobri građani,
15:26
we need to understand the framework
on which everything else must be based.
on which everything else must be based.
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4078
moramo razumeti okvir
na kome se bazira sve ostalo.
na kome se bazira sve ostalo.
15:31
Playing with toys is great.
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1503
Igračke su super.
15:32
Understanding how to keep
our life-support systems going is great.
our life-support systems going is great.
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3113
Razumevanje kako održati naš sistem
podrške životu je super.
podrške životu je super.
15:36
But fundamentally, the thing
that we need to change
that we need to change
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Ali fundamentalno,
ono što moramo promeniti
ono što moramo promeniti
15:38
in the way that we talk about physics,
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u načinu na koji pričamo o fizici,
15:40
is we need to understand
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1159
je da moramo razumeti
15:41
that physics isn't out there
with weird people
with weird people
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da fizika nije tamo negde
sa čudnim ljudima
sa čudnim ljudima
15:43
and strange hieroglyphics
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i čudnim hijeroglifima
15:45
for somebody else in a posh lab.
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za nekog drugog u otmenoj laboratoriji.
15:47
Physics is right here; it's for us,
and we can all play with it.
and we can all play with it.
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Fizika je baš ovde; ona je za nas,
i svi se možemo igrati njom.
i svi se možemo igrati njom.
15:50
Thank you very much.
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Hvala puno.
15:51
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Helen Czerski - PhysicistDr. Helen Czerski investigates the physics of ocean bubbles and spends a lot of time sharing the big scientific ideas hidden in the small objects around us.
Why you should listen
Dr. Helen Czerski has studied bubbles at sea and in the lab, has presented many highly-regarded BBC science documentaries and has told the stories of science (and especially of physics) on stage and in print.
Czerski's academic home is the department of mechanical engineering at University College London in the UK. Her first book, Storm in a Teacup, was published in 2016 (2017 in the US) and shows how the biggest ideas in physics come to life in the world around us -- and how the most mundane quirks of the everyday world open the door to the physics that every citizen needs to know.
Photo: Alex Brenner
Helen Czerski | Speaker | TED.com