ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shad Begum - Women's rights activist
Shad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan.

Why you should listen

Deeply influenced by the social inequalities around her and inspired by her father's social work in her early years, Shad Begum has become a nationally and internationally known figure because of her determined struggle to improve the conditions of the marginalized segments, especially women, of her community in the northwest of Pakistan -- a deeply religious and conservative area where Taliban publicly execute men and women for nonconformity to their version of Islam. Begum is the founder and executive director of the nonprofit Association for Behaviour & Knowledge Transformation (ABKT), an organization working toward the economic and political empowerment of communities in underserved areas of Pakistan. Her organization was uprooted during the Taliban takeover in Swat due to massive displacement of people in 2009-2010. Against enormous odds, her resilience kept ABKT alive.

Begum previously worked with the UN Human Settlements Program as a consultant for the Building Gender Ladder Project as well as with UNDP's Women Political Participation Program. To encourage women at the grassroots level, she contested local elections in 2001 as an independent candidate and served as councilor for five years in Dir Lower. Begum is an Ashoka fellow, a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow at National Endowment for Democracy and an Acumen Fellow. She won the US Department of State's International Woman of Courage Award in 2012.

More profile about the speaker
Shad Begum | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2018

Shad Begum: How women in Pakistan are creating political change

沙德 · 貝古姆: 巴基斯坦的女性如何改變政治

Filmed:
1,527,555 views

行動主義者沙德貝 · 古姆花費一生的時間為女性賦權及實踐她們完整的潛能。她在演講中分享她在巴基斯坦西南部虔誠及保守的社區中,為了改善女人生活的奮鬥歷程,並且呼籲全世界的女人去找尋他們的政治之聲。沙德 · 貝古姆說:「我們必須站出來捍衛自己的權利——並不能等待某人出現拯救我們。」
- Women's rights activist
Shad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
I'm here to tell you
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今天我在這想談的是
00:15
how change更改 is happening事件
at a local本地 level水平 in Pakistan巴基斯坦,
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一個地方的力量
是如何改變巴基斯坦。
00:19
because women婦女 are finding發現 their place地點
in the political政治 process處理.
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因為女性正在從政之路上
取得她們的一席之地。
00:24
I want to take you all on a journey旅程
to the place地點 I was raised上調,
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我想帶你們踏上旅程
回到我當初成長的地點,
00:29
northwest西北 Pakistan巴基斯坦, called Dir迪爾.
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位於巴基斯坦西北部的迪爾。
00:32
Dir迪爾 was founded成立 in the 17th century世紀.
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迪爾在十七世紀時建立,
00:36
It was a princely王侯 state
until直到 its merger合併 with Pakistan巴基斯坦 in 1969.
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在 1969 年被巴基斯坦併入前
是個土邦體制的省份。
00:41
Our prince王子, Nawab納瓦卜 Shah沙阿 Jahan賈漢,
reserved保留的 the right to wear穿 white白色,
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我們的君主,納瓦布沙賈罕
保留了穿戴白色服飾的權利。
00:47
the color顏色 of honor榮譽, but only for himself他自己.
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不過只有他才能
穿戴這象徵榮譽的顏色。
00:51
He didn't believe in educating教育 his people.
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他不相信他的人民需要接受教育。
00:55
And at the time of my birth分娩 in 1979,
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而在我出生的那年 1979 年,
00:58
only five percent百分 of boys男孩
and one percent百分 of girls女孩
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只有 5% 的男孩以及 1% 的女孩,
01:02
received收到 any schooling教育 at all.
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曾經接受過任何的學校教育。
01:06
I was one among其中 that one percent百分.
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而我就是那 1% 其中的一個。
01:12
Growing生長 up, I was very close to my father父親.
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成長過程中,我與我父親關係緊密。
01:17
He is a pharmacy藥店 doctor醫生,
and he sent發送 me to school學校.
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他是藥局醫師,並且送我到學校。
01:22
Every一切 day, I would go to his clinic診所
when my lessons教訓 finished.
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每天當我下課後,
我都會跑去他的診所。
01:27
He's a wonderful精彩 man
and a well-respected備受推崇 community社區 leader領導.
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他是位極好的人
也是備受尊敬的社區領袖。
01:32
He was leading領導 a welfare福利 organization組織,
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他也帶領過一間社會福利機構,
01:36
and I would go with him
to the social社會 and political政治 gatherings聚會
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我也想跟著他去社會及政治的集會,
01:39
to listen and talk to the local本地 men男人
about our social社會 and economic經濟 problems問題.
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去聆聽以及向當地的男人
談論我們社會和經濟的問題。
01:44
However然而, when I was 16,
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然而,當我 16 歲時
01:48
my father父親 asked me to stop coming未來 with him
to the public上市 gatherings聚會.
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我父親要求我停止跟他去公眾集會。
01:54
Now, I was a young年輕 woman女人,
and my place地點 was in the home.
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因為我的身分只是個年輕的女人,
所以我的職責是待在家中。
01:58
I was very upset煩亂.
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對此我非常沮喪。
02:01
But most of my family家庭 members會員,
they were happy快樂 with this decision決定.
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不過我多數的家庭成員,
卻樂見於這個決定。
02:05
It was very difficult for me
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呆坐家中,無法參與其中
02:07
to sit back in the home
and not be involved參與.
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對我而言非常難熬。
02:13
It took two years年份
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時間過了兩年,
02:16
that finally最後 my family家庭 agreed約定
that my father父親 could reconnect重新連接 me
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我的家庭成員終於同意父親
02:20
with women婦女 and girls女孩,
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將我與女性們接軌上線,
02:21
so they could share分享 their problems問題
and together一起 we could resolve解決 them.
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所以我們能夠一起傾訴和解決問題。
02:27
So, with his blessings祝福,
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在父親的同意之下,
02:29
I started開始 to reconnect重新連接
with women婦女 and girls女孩
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我開始與女性們重新接觸
02:33
so we could resolve解決
their problems問題 together一起.
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並一起解決問題。
02:37
When women婦女 show顯示 up,
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當女性們在場時,
02:39
they bring帶來 their realities現實
and views意見 with them.
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她們提出許多對於真實樣貌的看法。
02:45
And yet然而, I have found發現 all too often經常,
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但是,可惜的是
02:49
women婦女 underestimate低估 their own擁有 strength強度,
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女人低估了她們的力量、
02:51
their potential潛在 and their self-respect自尊.
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潛能以及她們自己的自尊。
02:56
However然而, while connecting
with these women婦女 and girls女孩,
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然而,在我與這些女性接觸時,
03:00
it became成為 very clear明確 to me
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我很清楚地知道
03:02
that if there was to be any hope希望
to create創建 a better life
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如果有任何方法,
可以為了那些女性及她們的家庭
03:07
for these women婦女 and girls女孩
and their families家庭,
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創建一個更好的生活,
03:10
we must必須 stand up for our own擁有 rights權利 --
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我們必須挺身而出,
捍衛自己的權利——
03:13
and not wait for someone有人 else其他
to come and help us.
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不能光光只是等待某人來拯救我們。
03:18
So I took a huge巨大 leap飛躍 of faith信仰
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所以我決定放手一搏
03:22
and founded成立 my own擁有 organization組織 in '94
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在 1994 年建立了
屬於我自己的組織,
03:26
to create創建 our very own擁有 platform平台
for women婦女 empowerment權力.
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致力於創建屬於女性們的賦權平台。
03:31
I engaged訂婚 many許多 women婦女 and girls女孩
to work with me.
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我聘雇了許多的女性與我共事。
03:35
It was hard.
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這非常的艱辛。
03:37
Many許多 of the women婦女 working加工 with me
had to leave離開 once一旦 they got married已婚,
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許多與我共事的女性
婚後就必須離開崗位,
03:41
because their husbands丈夫
wouldn't不會 let them work.
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因為她們的丈夫不允許她們工作。
03:45
One colleague同事 of mine
was given特定 away by her family家庭
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我的其中一位同事
為了彌補她兄長所犯下的罪刑,
03:49
to make amends賠償 for a crime犯罪
her brother哥哥 had committed提交.
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而被她的家族給許配了出去。
03:55
I couldn't不能 help her.
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我只能袖手旁觀。
03:57
And I felt so helpless無助 at that time.
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那時我感到非常的無助。
04:02
But it made製作 me more determined決心
to continue繼續 my struggle鬥爭.
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不過這也讓我更堅定地
去完成我要奮鬥的目標。
04:08
I saw many許多 practices做法 like these,
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我見過許多像這樣的習俗,
04:11
where these women婦女 suffered遭遇 silently默默,
bearing軸承 this brutality殘酷.
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女性默默並殘忍地忍受著痛苦。
04:16
But when I see a woman女人
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不過當我看見一位女性
04:18
struggling奮鬥的 to change更改 her situation情況
instead代替 of giving up,
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為她的處境努力奮鬥,永不放棄時,
04:23
it motivates能夠激勵 me.
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我被她所感化了。
04:26
So I ran for a public上市 office辦公室
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所以在 2001 年的地方選舉上
04:30
as an independent獨立 candidate候選人 in Lower降低 Dir迪爾
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我以無黨籍的身分在下迪爾
04:33
in the local本地 elections選舉 in 2001.
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展開了競選。
04:37
Despite儘管 all the challenges挑戰 and hurdles障礙
I faced面對 throughout始終 this process處理, I won韓元.
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儘管在競選期間面臨到
種種的挑戰及障礙,我終究當選了。
04:43
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
04:49
And I served提供服務 in the public上市
office辦公室 for six years年份.
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我在公家機關服務了六年。
04:54
But unfortunately不幸,
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不幸地是,
04:56
we women婦女, elected當選 women婦女,
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我們這些選舉出來的女人,
04:58
we were not allowed允許 to sit in the council評議會
together一起 with all the members會員
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卻不被允許與所有成員
一同坐在議會裡頭,
05:04
and to take part部分 in the proceedings訴訟.
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也不被允許參與議項討論。
05:08
We had to sit in a separate分離,
ladies-only僅限拉迪裡斯 room房間,
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我們只能坐在被區隔開來的
女士專屬房間,
05:11
not even aware知道的 what
was happening事件 in the council評議會.
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甚至完全不曉得議會內的情況。
05:16
Men男人 told me
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男人告訴我:
05:19
that, "You women婦女, elected當選 women婦女 members會員,
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「你們這些當選的女人,
05:23
should buy購買 sewing針線活 machines for women婦女."
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應該購買裁縫機給女人。」
05:27
When I knew知道 what they needed需要 the most
was access訪問 to clean清潔 drinking water.
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但是我知道女性最迫切需要的
是取得乾淨飲用水的管道。
05:33
So I did everything I could do
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所以我想盡辦法,
05:36
to prioritize優先 the real真實 challenges挑戰
these women婦女 faced面對.
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去優先處理這些女人
面對的真正難題。
05:41
I set up five hand pumps
in the two dried up wells in my locality局部性.
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我在兩個乾枯的水井當中
裝設了五個人工幫浦。
05:48
Well, we got them working加工 again.
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並且讓它們再次發動。
05:53
Before long, we made製作 water accessible無障礙
for over 5,000 families家庭.
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過沒多久,我們讓超過 5,000 戶家庭
有乾淨的飲用水來源。
05:59
We proved證實 that anything the men男人 could do,
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我們證明了男人可以做的事,
06:02
so could we women婦女.
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女人也可以辦得到。
06:05
I built內置 alliances聯盟
with other elected當選 women婦女 members會員,
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我與其他當選的女性結盟,
06:09
and last year,
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就在去年,
06:10
we women婦女 were allowed允許 to sit together一起
with all the members會員 in the council評議會.
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我們被允許與所有成員坐在會議裡頭。
06:15
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
06:23
And to take part部分 in the legislation立法
and planning規劃 and budgeting預算,
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並且能夠參與立法、
制定計畫以及預算案
06:30
in all the decisions決定.
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及所有的決定。
06:33
I saw there is strength強度 in numbers數字.
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我在一群人當中看到了力量。
06:36
You know yourselves你自己.
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你了解你自己。
06:38
Lack缺乏 of representation表示
means手段 no one is fighting戰鬥 for you.
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缺乏代表權,表示
沒有人將為你挺身而出。
06:43
Pakistan巴基斯坦 is --
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巴基斯坦——
06:45
We're 8,000 miles英里 away
from where I'm here with you today今天.
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與我今天演講的地點
相距 8,000 公里之遠。
06:52
But I hope希望 what I'm about to tell you
will resonate諧振 with you,
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但我希望我接下來要說的事
能跟你產生共鳴,
06:57
though雖然 we have this big distance距離
in miles英里 and in our cultures文化.
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儘管我們相距遙遠且有文化的隔閡。
07:04
When women婦女 show顯示 up,
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當女人發聲時,
07:05
they bring帶來 the realities現實 and hopes希望
of half a population人口 with them.
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她們帶出了半數人口的
真實情況以及希望。
07:12
In 2007, we saw the rise上升 of the Taliban塔利班
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我們在 2007 年
見識到了塔利班的崛起,
07:18
in Swat撲打, Dir迪爾 and nearby附近 districts.
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不管是在斯瓦特、迪爾,
還是其他鄰近地區。
07:23
It was horrifying可怕的.
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那真是可怕至極。
07:25
The Taliban塔利班 killed殺害 innocent無辜 people.
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塔利班份子屠殺無辜民眾。
07:30
Almost幾乎 every一切 day,
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幾乎每天
07:32
people collected the dead bodies身體
of their loved喜愛 ones那些 from the streets街道.
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都有民眾從街頭
接回她們摯愛親人的屍體,
07:36
Most of the social社會 and political政治 leaders領導者
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大部分的社會及政治領導人
07:39
struggling奮鬥的 and working加工
for the betterment改善 of their communities社區
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為了改善社會奮鬥,
07:42
were threatened受威脅 and targeted針對.
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因而遭到威脅,成了靶標。
07:46
Even I had to leave離開,
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就連我也被迫離開,
07:48
leaving離開 my children孩子
behind背後 with my in-laws公婆.
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把孩子留給了公婆。
07:54
I closed關閉 my office辦公室 in Dir迪爾
and relocated搬遷 to Peshawar白沙瓦,
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我關閉了我在迪爾的辦公室
並遷移到了白沙瓦,
08:00
the capital首都 of my province.
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也就是我所在省份的首都。
08:03
I was in trauma外傷,
kept不停 thinking思維 what to do next下一個.
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我受到了心理創傷,
不斷思考下一步該如何走。
08:09
And most of the family家庭 members會員 and friends朋友
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大部份的家庭成員及朋友勸著我:
08:13
were suggesting提示, "Shad沙德, stop working加工.
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「沙德,不要再繼續工作了
08:17
The threat威脅 is very serious嚴重."
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這項威脅已經很嚴重了。」
08:20
But I persisted堅持.
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但是我堅持下去了。
08:24
In 2009, we experienced有經驗的 a historic歷史性 influx輻輳
of internally國內 displaced流離失所 persons,
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在 2009 年,我們經歷了
歷史上國內流離失所者的匯集,
08:31
from Swat撲打, Dir迪爾 and other nearby附近 districts.
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包括來自於斯瓦特、
迪爾以及鄰近地區。
08:35
I started開始 visiting訪問 the camps營地
almost幾乎 every一切 day,
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我幾乎每天都去巡視營地,
08:40
until直到 the internally國內 displaced流離失所 persons
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直到那些流離失所者
08:42
started開始 to go back
to their place地點 of origin起源.
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可以回到他們的家鄉。
08:45
I established既定 four mother-child母子
health健康 care關心 units單位,
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我創立了四個母童照護單位,
08:50
especially特別 to take care關心 of
over 10,000 women婦女 and children孩子
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特別用來照顧
超過 10,000 個女人及小孩
08:54
nearby附近 the camps營地.
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設立在營區附近。
08:57
But you know, during
all these visits訪問,
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但你知道嗎,在訪視的過程中
09:02
I observed觀察到的 that there was very little
attention注意 towards women's女士的 needs需求.
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我觀察到了幾乎沒有人
將注意力放在女人的需求上。
09:08
And I was looking for
what is the reason原因 behind背後 it.
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對此我想找出幕後的原因。
09:11
And I found發現 it was because
of the underrepresentation代表性不足 of women婦女
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我發現原來是因為
在整體社會及政治下,
09:16
in both social社會 and political政治 platforms平台,
in our society社會 as a whole整個.
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女性代表不足所造成的。
09:21
And that was the time when I realized實現
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也是在此時我才了解到,
09:25
that I need to narrow狹窄 down my focus焦點
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我必須縮小我放在建設的焦點,
09:27
on building建造 and strengthening強化
women's女士的 political政治 leadership領導
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轉而去增強女性
在政治上的領導能力,
09:32
to increase增加 their
political政治 representation表示,
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並增加女性在政治上的代表額,
09:34
so they would have their own擁有
voice語音 in their future未來.
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她們才能在未來替自己發聲。
09:38
So we started開始 training訓練 around 300
potential潛在 women婦女 and youth青年
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所以我們開始培訓大約 300 名
有潛力的女人及年輕人,
09:42
for the upcoming即將到來 local本地 elections選舉 in 2015.
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為了在即將到來的
2015 年地方選舉做準備。
09:47
And you know what?
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還有你知道嗎?
09:49
Fifty五十 percent百分 of them won韓元.
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我們當中有 15% 當選了。
09:51
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
09:58
And they are now sitting坐在 in the councils議會,
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她們現在正坐在議會裡,
10:02
taking服用 part部分 actively積極地 in the legislation立法,
planning規劃 and budgeting預算.
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積極參與立法、制定計畫及預算案。
10:09
Most of them are now investing投資 their funds資金
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她們大部份正投資著資金,
10:12
on women's女士的 health健康, education教育,
skill技能 development發展 and safe安全 drinking water.
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在女性的健康、教育、
職能發展及乾淨的飲用水上。
10:18
All these elected當選 women婦女 now
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所有這些當選的女人
10:20
share分享, discuss討論 and resolve解決
their problems問題 together一起.
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都正一起商討和解決問題。
10:25
Let me tell you about two
of the women婦女 I have been working加工 with:
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我想說說兩個與我一起共事的女性:
10:29
Saira薩伊拉 Shams沙姆斯.
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塞拉沙姆斯。
10:31
You can see, this young年輕 lady淑女, age年齡 26,
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你可以看到這位 26 歲年輕的女士,
10:35
she ran for a public上市 office辦公室 in 2015
in Lower降低 Dir迪爾, and she won韓元.
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她在 2015 年於下迪爾參選且當選。
10:42
She completed完成 two of the community社區
infrastructure基礎設施 schemes方案.
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她完成了兩項社區的基礎建設方案。
10:45
You know, women婦女, community社區
infrastructure基礎設施 schemes方案 ...
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你知道的,女人參與基礎建設方案……
10:51
Some people think this is men's男裝 job工作.
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有些人會認為那是男人的工作。
10:55
But no, this is women's女士的 job工作,
too, we can do it.
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並不是,那也是女人的工作,
我們也辦得到。
10:59
And she also fixed固定 two of the roads道路
leading領導 towards girls女孩 schools學校,
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她同時也修復了兩條
通往學校的道路,
11:05
knowing會心 that without access訪問
to these schools學校,
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並且瞭解如果沒有這兩條
通往學校的途徑,
11:07
they are useless無用 to the girls女孩 of Dir迪爾.
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那它對於迪爾的女孩來說
只是一條毫無用處的道路。
11:11
And another另一個 young年輕 woman女人 is Asma阿斯瑪 Gul居爾.
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另一個年輕的女士則是阿斯瑪古爾,
11:14
She is a very active活性 member會員
of the young年輕 leaders領導者 forum論壇 we established既定.
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她是我們成立的討論會當中
表現相當積極的成員。
11:19
She was unable無法 to run
for the public上市 office辦公室,
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因為她無法參加競選,
11:23
so she has become成為 the first
female journalist記者 of our region地區.
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所以她成為了我們地區的
第一位女記者。
11:29
She speaks說話 and writes for women's女士的
and girls'女孩 issues問題 and their rights權利.
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她為了女性的議題及權利
寫報章和為她們發聲。
11:35
Saira薩伊拉 and Asma阿斯瑪,
they are the living活的 examples例子
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賽拉沙以及阿斯瑪
在包容以及代表的重要性中,
11:39
of the importance重要性 of inclusion包容
and representation表示.
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是兩個活生生的例子。
11:44
Let me tell you this, too.
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讓我也順便告訴你,
11:47
In the 2013 general一般 elections選舉 in Pakistan巴基斯坦
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在 2013 年巴基斯坦的全民選舉
11:49
and the local本地 elections選舉 in 2015,
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以及 2015 年的地方選舉中,
11:54
there were less than 100
women婦女 voters選民 in Dir迪爾.
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迪爾只有不到 100 位女性的選民。
11:58
But you know what?
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但是你知道嗎?
12:00
I'm proud驕傲 to tell you that this year,
during the general一般 elections選舉,
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我很驕傲地告訴你
在今年的全民選舉中,
12:04
there were 93,000 women婦女 voters選民 in Dir迪爾.
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迪爾有超過 93,000 名女性選民。
12:08
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
12:16
So our struggle鬥爭 is far from over.
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我們的奮鬥尚未結束。
12:19
But this shift轉移 is historic歷史性.
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不過這是項歷史上的改變。
12:22
And a sign標誌 that women婦女 are standing常設 up,
showing展示 up and making製造 it absolutely絕對 clear明確
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跡象也顯示女人正站出來為自己發聲。
12:28
that we all must必須 invest投資
in building建造 women's女士的 leadership領導.
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同時也清楚地表明,
我們必須建立女性的領導能力,
12:37
In Pakistan巴基斯坦 and here in the United聯合的 States狀態,
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不管是在巴基斯坦還是在美國這裡,
12:41
and everywhere到處 in the world世界,
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還是全世界的每個地方,
12:43
this means手段 women婦女 in politics政治,
women婦女 in business商業
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這表示了不管是政治上、商業上,
12:47
and women婦女 in positions位置 of power功率
making製造 important重要 decisions決定.
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女人手握權利,能做出重大的決定。
12:54
It took me 23 years年份 to get here.
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我花了 23 年才走到這裡。
13:00
But I don't want any girl女孩 or any woman女人
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我不願任何的女孩或女人
花費 23 年的時間,
13:02
to take 23 years年份 of her life
to make herself她自己 heard聽說.
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只為了讓自己能被聽到。
13:08
I have had some dark黑暗 days.
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我曾經有過黑暗的日子。
13:12
But I have spent花費
every一切 waking醒來 moment時刻 of my life
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我花費了我人生中
每一個醒著的時刻,
13:16
working加工 for the right of every一切 woman女人
to live生活 her full充分 potential潛在.
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為每一位女性的權利奮鬥,
讓她們實踐所有的潛能。
13:21
Imagine想像 with me a world世界
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想像一下,有這樣一個世界:
13:25
where thousands數千 of us stand up
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數千名女性站出來,
13:29
and they support支持
other young年輕 women婦女 together一起,
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一起支持其他年輕的女孩,
13:33
creating創建 opportunities機會 and choices選擇
that benefit效益 all.
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創造對所有人都有益的機會以及選擇。
13:39
And that, my friends朋友,
can change更改 the world世界.
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朋友們,那就是我說的改變世界。
13:44
Thank you.
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謝謝。
13:45
(Applause掌聲)
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(掌聲)
Translated by 于雍 歐
Reviewed by Yanyan Hong

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shad Begum - Women's rights activist
Shad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan.

Why you should listen

Deeply influenced by the social inequalities around her and inspired by her father's social work in her early years, Shad Begum has become a nationally and internationally known figure because of her determined struggle to improve the conditions of the marginalized segments, especially women, of her community in the northwest of Pakistan -- a deeply religious and conservative area where Taliban publicly execute men and women for nonconformity to their version of Islam. Begum is the founder and executive director of the nonprofit Association for Behaviour & Knowledge Transformation (ABKT), an organization working toward the economic and political empowerment of communities in underserved areas of Pakistan. Her organization was uprooted during the Taliban takeover in Swat due to massive displacement of people in 2009-2010. Against enormous odds, her resilience kept ABKT alive.

Begum previously worked with the UN Human Settlements Program as a consultant for the Building Gender Ladder Project as well as with UNDP's Women Political Participation Program. To encourage women at the grassroots level, she contested local elections in 2001 as an independent candidate and served as councilor for five years in Dir Lower. Begum is an Ashoka fellow, a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow at National Endowment for Democracy and an Acumen Fellow. She won the US Department of State's International Woman of Courage Award in 2012.

More profile about the speaker
Shad Begum | Speaker | TED.com