TEDxMidAtlantic
Judith Heumann: Our fight for disability rights -- and why we're not done yet
Džudit Hjuman (Judith Heumann): Naša borba za prava ljudi sa invaliditetima - i zašto još nije završena
Filmed:
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1,130,125 views
Pre četiri decenije, Džudit Hjuman je pomogla u vođenju revolucionarnog protesta koji je nazvan Odeljak 504 - na kojem su aktivisti za prava ljudi sa invaliditetom okupirali federalnu zgradu na skoro mesec dana, zahtevajući bolju pristupačnost za sve. U ovom ličnom, inspirativnom govoru, Hjuman priča priče koje su dovele do protesta, i podseća nas da nakon 40 godina još uvek ima mnogo stvari da se uradi.
Judith Heumann - Disability rights activist
Judith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people. Full bio
Judith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was born in 1947, a long time ago,
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Rođena sam davne 1947. godine,
00:17
and when I was 18 months old, I had polio.
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a kada sam imala 18 meseci,
dobila sam dečju paralizu.
dobila sam dečju paralizu.
00:21
I was in an iron lung for three months
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Tri meseca sam bila
na aparatima za veštačko disanje
na aparatima za veštačko disanje
00:24
and in and out of the hospital
for three years.
for three years.
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i tri godine sam bila primana
i otpuštana iz bolnice.
i otpuštana iz bolnice.
00:27
Now, we had lots of neighbors
in our Brooklyn neighborhood,
in our Brooklyn neighborhood,
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Imali smo puno komšija
u našem komšiluku u Bruklinu,
u našem komšiluku u Bruklinu,
00:31
and some of them were really
very helpful for my parents.
very helpful for my parents.
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i neki od njih su bili
od velike pomoći mojim roditeljima.
od velike pomoći mojim roditeljima.
00:35
Some of them were really
afraid of contagion,
afraid of contagion,
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Neki od njih su se plašili
da će se zaraziti,
da će se zaraziti,
00:39
and they wouldn't even walk
in front of our house.
in front of our house.
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i ne bi čak dolazili
ni do ulaza naše kuće.
ni do ulaza naše kuće.
00:42
They would literally
walk across the street.
walk across the street.
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Bukvalno bi prelazili preko puta ulice.
00:45
I think this was a time
when my family really began to realize
when my family really began to realize
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Mislim da je u to vreme
moja porodica zaista počela da shvata
moja porodica zaista počela da shvata
00:50
what disability meant to some people:
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šta invaliditet znači za neke ljude:
00:53
fear.
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strah.
00:55
And it wasn't even a sure thing
that I would live at home,
that I would live at home,
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Nije čak bilo sigurno
da li ću živeti kod kuće,
da li ću živeti kod kuće,
00:59
although I didn't learn about this
until I was 36 years old.
until I was 36 years old.
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iako sam to saznala tek sa 36 godina.
01:02
I was having a discussion
with my father one night,
with my father one night,
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Razgovorala sam sa ocem jedne večeri,
i on mi je rekao:
i on mi je rekao:
01:05
and he said, "You know,
when you were two years old,
when you were two years old,
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"Znaš, kada si imala dve godine,
01:08
one of the doctors
suggested to your mom and I
suggested to your mom and I
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jedan od lekara je predložio
tvojoj mami i meni
tvojoj mami i meni
01:11
that you live in an institution,
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da živiš u jednoj instituciji",
01:14
that they could just
go ahead with their lives
go ahead with their lives
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da su mogli samo da nastave
sa svojim životima
sa svojim životima
01:17
and raise their kids
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i da podižu svoju decu
01:18
and kind of be done with having to deal
with all the disability-related things.
with all the disability-related things.
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i da prestanu da se bave
svim tim stvarima vezanim za invaliditet.
svim tim stvarima vezanim za invaliditet.
01:23
I didn't believe my father,
not because he was a liar,
not because he was a liar,
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Nisam verovala ocu,
ne zato što je bio lažov,
ne zato što je bio lažov,
01:27
but I'd never heard this story,
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ali nikad nisam čula tu priču,
01:29
and my mother in fact validated that.
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a moja majka je u stvari potvrdila to.
01:32
She never wanted to tell me.
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Nikad nije želela da mi kaže.
01:34
But in reality, I don't know why
I was really surprised by this story,
I was really surprised by this story,
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Ali zapravo, ne znam zašto sam
toliko bila iznenađena tom pričom,
toliko bila iznenađena tom pričom,
01:38
because when I was five years old,
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s obzirom na to da,
kada sam imala pet godina,
kada sam imala pet godina,
01:41
and my mother, like mothers and fathers
all across the United States,
all across the United States,
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moja majka, kao i sve majke i očevi
širom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država,
širom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država,
01:45
was taking me to school to enroll,
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me je vodila da me upiše u školu,
01:48
she pushed my wheelchair to the school
in walking distance to our house,
in walking distance to our house,
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gurala je kolica do škole
pešaka od naše kuće,
pešaka od naše kuće,
01:53
pulled the wheelchair
up the steps into the school,
up the steps into the school,
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popela je kolica uz stepenice do škole,
01:56
and we were greeted by the principal.
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i pozdravio nas je direktor.
01:58
Not really greeted.
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Nije nas baš pozdravio.
02:00
But the principal said,
no, I couldn't come to that school
no, I couldn't come to that school
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Ali direktor je rekao da,
ne, ne mogu da idem u tu školu
ne, ne mogu da idem u tu školu
02:04
because it wasn't accessible.
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zato što nije bila pristupačna za mene.
02:07
But he told us not to worry,
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Ali rekao nam je da ne brinemo,
02:10
because the Board of Education in fact
would send a teacher to my house.
would send a teacher to my house.
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zato što će školski odbor
da pošalje učitelja kod mene kući.
da pošalje učitelja kod mene kući.
02:15
And they did
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I jesu to uradili
02:17
for a total of two and a half hours
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na ukupno dva i po sata
02:20
a week.
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nedeljno.
02:22
(Audience murmurs)
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(Žagor publike)
02:23
But for good behavior,
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Ali za dobro vladanje,
02:25
they threw in an occupational therapist
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ubacili su i profesionalnog terapeuta
02:28
who taught me that very essential skill
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koji me je učio toj veoma važnoj veštini
02:31
of cross-stitching.
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veženja.
02:33
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:34
I don't cross-stitch today.
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Ja i dan danas ne vezem.
02:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:38
I didn't actually get to go to school
in a real building
in a real building
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Nisam imala priliku da pohađam školu
u pravoj zgradi do moje devete godine,
u pravoj zgradi do moje devete godine,
02:42
until I was nine years old,
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02:44
and then I was in classes
only with disabled children
only with disabled children
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a i tada sam bila u razredu
samo sa decom sa invaliditetima
samo sa decom sa invaliditetima
02:47
in a school that had
mainly nondisabled children.
mainly nondisabled children.
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u školi u kojoj je većina dece
bila bez invaliditeta.
bila bez invaliditeta.
02:50
And in my classes,
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I na tim časovima
bilo je učenika do 21 godine.
bilo je učenika do 21 godine.
02:52
there were students up to the age of 21.
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02:56
And then, after 21,
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A onda posle 21. godine,
02:58
they went to something
called sheltered workshops
called sheltered workshops
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išli bi na nešto što se zove
obezbeđene radionice
obezbeđene radionice
03:02
with menial work
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sa nekvalifikovanim radom
03:03
and earning either nothing
or below minimum wage.
or below minimum wage.
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i zarađivali bi ili ništa
ili manje od minimalne zarade.
ili manje od minimalne zarade.
03:07
So I understood discrimination.
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Tako da sam razumela
šta je diskriminacija.
šta je diskriminacija.
03:10
My parents understood discrimination.
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Moji roditelji su razumeli
šta je diskraminacija.
šta je diskraminacija.
03:13
My parents came from Germany.
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Moji roditelji su došli iz Nemačke.
03:16
They were German Jews
who left in the 1930s,
who left in the 1930s,
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Bili su nemački Jevreji
koji su otišli tridesetih godina,
koji su otišli tridesetih godina,
03:19
escaping the Holocaust.
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bežeći od holokausta.
03:21
My parents lost family
and they lost parents.
and they lost parents.
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Moji roditelji su izgubili porodicu
i izgubili su roditelje.
i izgubili su roditelje.
03:25
Both my parents lost
their parents in the Holocaust.
their parents in the Holocaust.
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Oboje su izgubili
svoje roditelje u holokaustu.
svoje roditelje u holokaustu.
03:29
And so they realized
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Tako da su znali da ne mogu da ćute
03:31
that they could not be silent
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03:33
as things were going wrong
for me in my life.
for me in my life.
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dok su se stvari odvijale
loše za mene u životu.
loše za mene u životu.
03:36
Not me personally,
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Ne za mene lično,
03:38
but what was going on around me.
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ali ono što se dešavalo oko mene.
03:40
They learned that because
I used a wheelchair,
I used a wheelchair,
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Shvatili su da zato što koristim kolica,
03:44
none of the high schools
in New York City, in the entire city,
in New York City, in the entire city,
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nijedna srednja škola u Njujorku,
u celom gradu,
u celom gradu,
03:47
were wheelchair accessible,
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nije imala pristup za kolica,
03:49
so what was supposed to happen
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tako da ono što bi se desilo
03:52
is I was supposed to go
back onto home instruction
back onto home instruction
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je bilo da je trebalo da nastavim
sa učenjem od kuće
sa učenjem od kuće
03:55
along with many other students.
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zajedno sa mnogim drugim đacima.
03:58
So my parents banded together
with other parents.
with other parents.
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Tako da su se moji roditelji
udružili sa drugim roditeljima.
udružili sa drugim roditeljima.
04:03
They went to the Board of Education
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Otišli su kod školskog odbora
04:05
and they demanded that the Board of Ed
make some of the high schools accessible.
make some of the high schools accessible.
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i zahtevali su da odbor učini
neke od škola pristupačnim.
neke od škola pristupačnim.
04:09
And they did.
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I učinili su to.
04:11
And so I and many others
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Tako da je meni i mnogim drugima
04:14
were finally able to go to high school,
a regular high school,
a regular high school,
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konačno bilo omogućeno da pohađamo
srednju školu, običnu srednju školu,
srednju školu, običnu srednju školu,
04:17
and take regular classes.
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i da idemo na obične časove.
04:20
So what happened next?
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I šta se desilo sledeće?
04:23
I was learning more and more
about what discrimination was,
about what discrimination was,
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Učila sam sve više šta je diskriminacija,
04:26
and equally important, I was learning
that I needed to become my own advocate.
that I needed to become my own advocate.
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i podjednako važno, učila sam
da je potrebno da se borim za sebe.
da je potrebno da se borim za sebe.
04:31
I was entering college,
Long Island University,
Long Island University,
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Krenula sam na koledž,
Long Ajlend univerzitet,
Long Ajlend univerzitet,
04:35
and I had always wanted to be a teacher,
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i oduvek sam želela da budem nastavnik,
04:37
and so I minored in education
and I took all the appropriate courses,
and I took all the appropriate courses,
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tako da mi je diplomski bio iz obrazovanja
i išla sam na sve potrebne kurseve,
i išla sam na sve potrebne kurseve,
04:43
and then when it was time
for me to go for my license,
for me to go for my license,
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i onda kada je došao trenutak
da idem da uzmem licencu,
da idem da uzmem licencu,
04:47
I had to take a written exam,
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polagala sam pismeni ispit,
04:49
an oral exam
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usmeni ispit,
04:51
and a medical exam.
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i medicinski test.
04:53
At that time, all three of those exams
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U to vreme, sva ova tri testa
04:56
were given in completely
inaccessible buildings,
inaccessible buildings,
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su se održavala u potpuno
nepristupačnim zgradama,
nepristupačnim zgradama,
05:00
so I had friends who carried me
up and down the steps
up and down the steps
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tako da su me prijatelji
nosili uz i niz stepenice
nosili uz i niz stepenice
05:04
for these exams,
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za ove ispite,
05:06
not in a motorized wheelchair.
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ne u motorizovanim kolicima.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:08
In a manual wheelchair.
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U ručnim kolicima.
05:11
But I passed my oral exam.
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Ali prošla sam usmeni ispit.
05:14
I passed my written exam.
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Prošla sam pismeni ispit.
05:16
My medical exam was something
completely different.
completely different.
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Sa mojim medicinskim testovima
je bila drugačija priča.
je bila drugačija priča.
05:21
One of the first questions
the doctor asked me
the doctor asked me
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Jedno od prvih pitanja
koje mi je lekar postavio
koje mi je lekar postavio
05:24
was, could I please show her
how I went to the bathroom.
how I went to the bathroom.
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bilo je da joj pokažem kako idem u WC.
05:31
I was 22 years old
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Imala sam 22 godine
05:33
and you know when you go
for any kind of an interview,
for any kind of an interview,
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i znate kada idete na bilo kakav intervju,
05:36
you think about all the kinds
of questions that people could ask you?
of questions that people could ask you?
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razmišljate o svim pitanjima
koja bi ljudi mogli da vam postave?
koja bi ljudi mogli da vam postave?
05:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:41
That was not one of them.
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To nije bilo jedno od njih.
05:43
And I was freaked out in the first place
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U prvom trenutku sam se prestravila
05:46
because I had heard
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zato što sam čula
05:47
that there were actually
no disabled people using wheelchairs
no disabled people using wheelchairs
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da zapravo nije bilo ljudi sa kolicima
05:51
who were teachers in New York,
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koji su predavali u Njujorku,
05:53
so each step along the way
I was expecting something bad.
I was expecting something bad.
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tako da sam svakim korakom na tom putu
očekivala da će se desiti nešto loše.
očekivala da će se desiti nešto loše.
05:57
So I said to her,
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Tako da sam pitala doktorku,
05:59
is it a requirement
that teachers show their students
that teachers show their students
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da li je obaveza da nastavnici
pokazuju svojim đacima
pokazuju svojim đacima
06:01
how to go to the bathroom?
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kako da idu u WC?
06:04
If it is, I can do that.
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Ako jeste, mogu ja to.
06:07
So no surprise,
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Tako da nije bilo iznenađujuće,
06:09
I was failed
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da sam oborena
06:11
because I didn't pass the medical.
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zato što nisam prošla medicinski test.
06:13
The official reason
that I was denied my job
that I was denied my job
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Zvanični razlog što mi je uskraćen posao
06:17
was paralysis of poliomyelitis
sequelae of -- I'm sorry.
sequelae of -- I'm sorry.
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je bio paraliza dečje paralize
posledice - izvinite.
posledice - izvinite.
06:24
Paralysis of both lower limbs,
sequelae of poliomyelitis.
sequelae of poliomyelitis.
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Paraliza donjih ekstremiteta,
kao posledice dečje paralize.
kao posledice dečje paralize.
06:28
Honestly, I didn't know
what the word "sequelae" meant,
what the word "sequelae" meant,
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Iskreno, nisam znala šta
"kao posledice" znači,
"kao posledice" znači,
06:31
so I went to the dictionary,
and it meant "because of."
and it meant "because of."
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tako da sam pogledala u rečnik,
i znači "usled".
i znači "usled".
06:34
So I'd been denied my license
because I couldn't walk.
because I couldn't walk.
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Tako da mi je odbijena licenca
zato što nisam mogla da hodam.
zato što nisam mogla da hodam.
06:38
So what was I going to do?
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I šta sada da radim?
06:41
This is a really important
time in my life,
time in my life,
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Ovo je bio posebno važan trenutak
u mom životu,
u mom životu,
06:44
because it would be the first time
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Zato što je to bio prvi put
06:46
that I really would be
challenging the system, me,
challenging the system, me,
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da ću se stvarno
suprotstaviti sistemu, ja,
suprotstaviti sistemu, ja,
06:50
and although I was working with a lot
of other friends who had disabilities
of other friends who had disabilities
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i iako sam radila sa ostalim prijateljima
koji su imali invaliditete,
koji su imali invaliditete,
06:54
who were encouraging me
to move forward with this,
to move forward with this,
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koji su me ohrabrivali
da idem napred sa tim,
da idem napred sa tim,
06:57
it was nonetheless quite frightening.
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ipak je bilo zastrašujuće.
06:59
But I was really very lucky.
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Ali sam imala dosta sreće.
07:01
I had a friend who was a disabled student
at Long Island University
at Long Island University
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Imala sam prijatelja koji je bio
student sa invaliditetom
student sa invaliditetom
na Long Ajlend univerzitetu
a takođe i izveštač za Njujork Tajms,
a takođe i izveštač za Njujork Tajms,
07:05
and was also a stringer
at the "New York Times,"
at the "New York Times,"
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07:08
and he was able to get a reporter
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i uspeo je da dobije reportera
07:11
to write a really good piece
about what had happened
about what had happened
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da napiše veoma dobar članak
o onome što se desilo
o onome što se desilo
i zašto je on mislio
da je ono što se desilo pogrešno.
da je ono što se desilo pogrešno.
07:15
and why he thought
what had happened was wrong.
what had happened was wrong.
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07:18
The next day there was an editorial
in the "New York Times"
in the "New York Times"
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Narednog dana pojavio se novinski članak
u Njujork Tajmsu
u Njujork Tajmsu
07:23
with the title of
"Human v. The Board of Education"
"Human v. The Board of Education"
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sa naslovom „Hjuman protiv
školskog odbora,“
školskog odbora,“
07:26
and the "New York Times"
came out in support
came out in support
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tako da je Njujork Tajms pružio podršku
07:28
of my getting my teaching license.
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da ja dobijem licencu za nastavnika.
07:30
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:34
And then the same day,
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A onda istog tog dana,
07:36
I got a call from an attorney
who was writing a book about civil rights.
who was writing a book about civil rights.
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dobila sam poziv od advokata
koji je pisao knjigu o ljudskim pravima.
koji je pisao knjigu o ljudskim pravima.
07:41
And he was calling me to interview me,
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I pozvao me je na intervju,
07:44
and I was interviewing him.
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a ja sam intervjuisala njega.
07:46
He didn't know that.
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On to nije znao.
07:47
And at the end of our discussion, I said,
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I na kraju razgovora, rekla sam,
07:50
"Would you be willing to represent me?
I want to sue the Board of Education."
I want to sue the Board of Education."
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„Da li biste želeli da me zastupate?
Hoću da tužim školski odbor.“
Hoću da tužim školski odbor.“
07:54
And he said yes.
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Pristao je.
07:56
Now, sometimes I say that the stars
were aligned around this court case,
were aligned around this court case,
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Ponekad volim da kažem da su se
zvezde poklopile oko ovog slučaja,
zvezde poklopile oko ovog slučaja,
08:01
because we had an amazing judge:
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zato što smo imali sjajnog sudiju:
08:05
the first African American
female federal judge --
female federal judge --
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prvog ženskog
afroameričkog državnog sudiju -
afroameričkog državnog sudiju -
08:10
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:12
Constance Baker Motley.
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Konstancu Bejker Motli.
08:14
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:20
And she knew discrimination
when she saw it.
when she saw it.
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A ona je odlično
znala šta je diskriminacija.
znala šta je diskriminacija.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:27
So she strongly encouraged the Board of Ed
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Tako da je izričito zahtevala
od školskog odbora
od školskog odbora
08:31
to give me another medical exam,
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da radim drugi medicinski test,
08:34
which they did.
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što su oni i uradili.
08:36
And then I got my license,
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A onda sam dobila moju licencu,
i dok je trebalo da prođe puno meseci
08:39
and while it took a number of months
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08:41
for me to actually get a principal
to offer me a job,
to offer me a job,
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da zapravo dođe direktor
i ponudi mi posao,
i ponudi mi posao,
08:44
I finally did get a job
and I started teaching that fall
and I started teaching that fall
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konačno sam ga dobila
i počela sam da predajem te jeseni
i počela sam da predajem te jeseni
08:48
in the same school that I had gone to,
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u istoj školi u koju sam ja išla,
08:51
second grade.
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drugom razredu.
08:53
So --
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Tako da...
08:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
To je jedan sasvim drugi TED govor.
08:58
That's a whole other TED Talk.
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08:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:01
But I was learning as my friends were,
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Ali učila sam kao što su i moji prijatelji
09:05
and people I didn't know
around the country,
around the country,
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i ljudi koje nisam poznavala širom zemlje,
09:08
that we had to be our own advocates,
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da moramo da se borimo za svoja prava,
09:11
that we needed to fight back people's view
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da moramo da se suprotstavimo
mišljenjima drugih ljudi
mišljenjima drugih ljudi
09:15
that if you had a disability,
you needed to be cured,
you needed to be cured,
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da ako imaš invaliditet,
potrebno je da se izlečiš,
potrebno je da se izlečiš,
09:18
that equality was not
part of the equation.
part of the equation.
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da jednakost nije deo te jednačine.
09:22
And we were learning
from the Civil Rights Movement
from the Civil Rights Movement
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I učili smo od pokreta za ljudska prava
09:25
and from the Women's Rights Movement.
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i od pokreta za prava žena.
09:27
We were learning from them
about their activism
about their activism
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Učili smo od njih o njihovom aktivizmu
09:30
and their ability to come together,
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i njihovoj sposobnosti da se okupe zajedno
09:32
not only to discuss problems
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ne samo da raspravljaju o problemima
09:35
but to discuss solutions.
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već i da raspravljaju o rešenjima.
09:37
And what was born is what we call today
the Disability Rights Movement.
the Disability Rights Movement.
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a ono što se rodilo tada
je ono što danas zovemo
je ono što danas zovemo
pokret za prava ljudi sa invaliditetom.
09:42
So I'd like to tell you
a couple of riddles.
a couple of riddles.
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Tako da bih sada želela da vam
postavim nekoliko zagonetki.
postavim nekoliko zagonetki.
09:46
How many people do you think it takes
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Šta mislite koliko je ljudi potrebno
09:50
to stop traffic on Madison Avenue
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da zaustavite saobraćaj u Medison Aveniji
09:53
during rush hour in New York City?
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tokom saobraćajne gužve u Njujorku?
09:56
Do you have a guess? How many?
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Da li možete da pogodite? Koliko?
09:58
(Audience members shout out answers)
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(Pojedinci iz publike uzvikuju odgovore)
10:01
Fifty.
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Pedeset.
10:03
One would be too little.
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Jedan bi bio premalo.
10:06
Fifty people.
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Pedeset ljudi.
10:07
And there were no accessible paddy wagons,
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A nije bilo pristupačnih kočionih kola,
10:10
so they had to just kind of deal with us.
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tako da su jednostavno morali
da se izbore sa nama.
da se izbore sa nama.
10:12
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:15
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
Ali dopustite da vam postavim
još jednu zagonetku.
još jednu zagonetku.
10:17
But let me tell you another riddle.
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10:19
How many people does it take
to stop a bus in New York City
to stop a bus in New York City
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Koliko ljudi je potrebno
da zaustavite autobus u Njujorku
da zaustavite autobus u Njujorku
10:24
when they refuse to let you on
because you're in a wheelchair?
because you're in a wheelchair?
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kada vam ne dopuštaju da uđete
zato što ste u kolicima?
zato što ste u kolicima?
10:29
One. That is the right answer.
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Jedan. To je tačan odgovor.
10:31
So what you have to do though
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Ipak ono što treba da uradite
10:34
is take your wheelchair --
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je da dovezete kolica
10:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:39
Sidle in the right place
right in front of the steps
right in front of the steps
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zaobiđete na pravom mestu
pravo ispred stepenica
pravo ispred stepenica
10:43
and give it a little push underneath,
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i gurnete ih malo ispod
10:46
and then their bus can't move.
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i onda autobus ne može da se pomeri.
10:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:52
Any of you who want
to learn how to do that,
to learn how to do that,
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Oni koji žele da nauče kako da urade ovo
obratite mi se nakon govora.
10:55
talk to me after this.
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10:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:58
In 1972, President Nixon
vetoed the Rehabilitation Act.
vetoed the Rehabilitation Act.
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Predsednik Nikson je 1972. godine
stavio zabranu na Zakon o rehabilitaciji.
stavio zabranu na Zakon o rehabilitaciji.
11:05
We protested. He signed it.
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Protestvovali smo. Potpisao je.
11:09
Then the regulations that needed
to be promulgated to implement that law
to be promulgated to implement that law
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Onda regulacije koje su bile potrebne
da bi zakon stupio na snagu
da bi zakon stupio na snagu
11:14
had not in fact been signed.
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zapravo nisu bile potpisane.
11:16
We demonstrated. They were signed.
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Demonstrirali smo. Potpisane su.
11:19
And when the Americans
With Disabilities Act, the ADA,
With Disabilities Act, the ADA,
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A kada je zakon o amerikancima
sa invaliditetom,
sa invaliditetom,
11:23
our Emancipation Proclamation Act,
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naš zakon o proglašenju emancipacije,
11:26
looked as though it might not
in fact be passed in the House or Senate,
in fact be passed in the House or Senate,
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izgledao kao da zapravo
neće proći na Senatu,
neće proći na Senatu,
11:32
disabled people from all across
the United States came together
the United States came together
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ljudi sa invaliditetom širom
Sjedinjenih Američkih Država su se okupili
Sjedinjenih Američkih Država su se okupili
11:36
and they crawled up the Capitol steps.
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i uspuzali su uz stepenice zgrade Senata.
11:41
That was an amazing day,
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To je bio neverovatan dan,
11:44
and the House and Senate passed the ADA.
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i Senat je odobrio ovaj zakon.
11:48
And then President Bush signed the ADA.
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A onda je presednik Buš potpisao
zakon o amerikancima sa invaliditetom.
zakon o amerikancima sa invaliditetom.
11:54
It's a great picture.
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To je sjajna slika.
11:55
President Bush signed the ADA
on the lawn of the White House.
on the lawn of the White House.
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Presednik Buš je potpisao ovaj zakon
na travnjaku ispred Bele kuće.
na travnjaku ispred Bele kuće.
11:59
It was an amazing day,
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1976
To je bio neverovatan dan,
12:01
and there are about 2,000 people there.
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bilo je oko 2000 ljudi tamo.
12:05
It was July 26, 1990.
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Bio je 26. jul 1990. godine.
12:09
And one of the most famous
statements he had in his speech
statements he had in his speech
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Jedna od najpoznatijih izjava
u njegovom govoru bila je:
u njegovom govoru bila je:
12:13
was, "Let the shameful walls
of exclusion finally come tumbling down."
of exclusion finally come tumbling down."
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„Hajde da konačno srušimo
te sramne zidove isključivanja ljudi.“
te sramne zidove isključivanja ljudi.“
12:20
For any of you in the room
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Za sve vas ovde u ovoj prostoriji
12:22
who are 50 or older,
or maybe or even 40 or older,
or maybe or even 40 or older,
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koji imate pedeset godina ili više,
ili možda čak i četrdeset i više,
ili možda čak i četrdeset i više,
12:25
you remember a time when
there were no ramps on the streets,
there were no ramps on the streets,
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sećate se vremena kada nije bilo
rampi na ulicama,
rampi na ulicama,
12:28
when buses were not accessible,
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kada autobusi nisu bili pristupačni,
12:30
when trains were not accessible,
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kada vozovi nisu bili pristupačni,
12:32
where there were no wheelchair-accessible
bathrooms in shopping malls,
bathrooms in shopping malls,
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kada u tržnim centrima nije bilo
pristupačnih WC-a za ljude sa kolicima,
pristupačnih WC-a za ljude sa kolicima,
12:36
where you certainly did not have
a sign language interpreter,
a sign language interpreter,
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kada definitivno nije bilo
prevodioca za znakovni jezik,
prevodioca za znakovni jezik,
12:39
or captioning, or braille
or other kinds of supports.
or other kinds of supports.
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ili titlova ili Brajeve azbuke
ili druge vrste podrške.
ili druge vrste podrške.
12:44
These things have changed,
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Ove stvari su se promenile,
i inspirisale su čitav svet.
i inspirisale su čitav svet.
12:46
and they have inspired the world.
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12:48
And disabled people around the world
want laws like we have,
want laws like we have,
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Ljudi sa invaliditetom širom sveta
žele da imaju zakone kakve mi imamo,
žele da imaju zakone kakve mi imamo,
12:53
and they want those laws enforced.
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i žele da se ti zakoni primenjuju.
12:56
And so what we've seen is something called
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Tako da ono što vidimo
je nešto što se zove
je nešto što se zove
12:59
the Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities.
of Persons with Disabilities.
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Sporazum za prava ljudi sa invaliditetom.
13:03
It is a treaty that was adopted in 2006.
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To je sporazum koji je
usvojen 2006. godine.
usvojen 2006. godine.
13:07
It's celebrating is 10-year anniversary.
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Sada slavi svoju desetogodišnjicu.
13:11
More than 165 countries
have joined this treaty.
have joined this treaty.
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Više od 65 zemalja se priključilo
ovom sporazumu.
ovom sporazumu.
13:16
It is the first international
human rights treaty
human rights treaty
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To je prvi internacionalni
sporazum za ljudska prava
sporazum za ljudska prava
13:20
fully focused on disabled people.
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koji se u potpunosti fokusira
na ljude sa invaliditetom.
na ljude sa invaliditetom.
13:23
But I am sad to say that our US Senate
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Ali žao mi je da kažem da je
naš američki Senat
naš američki Senat
13:27
has failed to recommend to our president
that we ratify the treaty.
that we ratify the treaty.
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5256
propustio da kaže našem presedniku
da i mi treba da potvrdimo ovaj sporazum.
da i mi treba da potvrdimo ovaj sporazum.
13:32
We signed it in 2009,
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Potpisali smo ga 2009. godine,
13:35
but it doesn't come
into force until ratification,
into force until ratification,
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ali ne stupa na snagu
dok se ne ratifikuje,
dok se ne ratifikuje,
13:40
and the president --
no president can ratify a treaty
no president can ratify a treaty
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i presednik... nijedan presednik
ne može da potvrdi sporazum
ne može da potvrdi sporazum
13:43
without the consent of the Senate.
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bez odobrenja Senata.
13:46
So we feel really strongly
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Tako da smo mi čvrstog mišljenja
13:50
that our US Senate needs to do its job,
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da naš Senat treba da uradi svoj posao,
13:53
that our Senate needs
to enable us as Americans
to enable us as Americans
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da naš Senat treba da omogući
nama amerikancima,
nama amerikancima,
13:57
not only to be able to assist disabled
people and governments around the world
people and governments around the world
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ne samo da možemo da pomognemo
ljudima sa invaliditetom i vladama u svetu
ljudima sa invaliditetom i vladama u svetu
14:02
to learn about the good work
that we've been doing,
that we've been doing,
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da nauče o dobrim stvarima koje mi radimo,
14:06
but it's equally important
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već je podjednako važno da
ljudi sa invaliditetom imaju iste prilike
ljudi sa invaliditetom imaju iste prilike
14:08
that disabled people
have the same opportunities
have the same opportunities
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14:12
to travel, study and work abroad
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da putuju, uče i rade u inostranstvu
kao i bilo ko drugi u našoj zemlji.
kao i bilo ko drugi u našoj zemlji.
14:16
as anyone else in our country.
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14:18
And as long as many countries
don't have the same laws as we do
don't have the same laws as we do
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I sve dok mnoge zemlje nemaju
iste zakone kao i mi
iste zakone kao i mi
14:22
and don't enforce them if they have them,
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i oni ne budu primenjeni,
čak i ako ih imaju,
čak i ako ih imaju,
14:25
opportunities for disabled people
are more limited.
are more limited.
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prilike za osobe sa invaliditetom
su ograničene.
su ograničene.
14:29
When I travel abroad,
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1936
Kada putujem u inostranstvo,
14:31
I am always meeting with disabled women,
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uvek se srećem sa ženama sa invaliditetom,
14:34
and those women tell me stories
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i te žene mi pričaju priče
14:37
about how they experience
violence and rape
violence and rape
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o tome kako preživljavaju
nasilje i silovanje
nasilje i silovanje
14:41
and how in many cases
these forms of violence
these forms of violence
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i kako u mnogim slučajevima
ovi oblici nasilja
ovi oblici nasilja
14:45
occur from family members
and people that they know,
and people that they know,
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se javljaju među članovima porodice
i ljudima koje poznaju,
i ljudima koje poznaju,
14:50
who in fact may be working for them.
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koji u stvari možda rade za njih.
14:53
And frequently these cases
are not adjudicated.
are not adjudicated.
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I često ovi slučajevi nisu osuđeni.
14:56
I meet disabled people
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1976
Srećem ljude sa invaliditetom
14:58
who have been offered jobs by businesses
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kojima su nuđeni poslovi od strane firmi
15:03
because they live in a country
where there's a quota system,
where there's a quota system,
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zato što žive u zemlji
gde postoji sistem kvote,
gde postoji sistem kvote,
15:06
and in order to avoid a fine,
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2536
i da bi izbegli kaznu,
15:09
they will hire you
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oni će vas zaposliti
15:11
and then tell you,
285
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a onda vam reći,
15:12
"You don't need to come to work
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„Ne moraš da dolaziš na posao
15:14
because we really don't need you
in the facility."
in the facility."
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zato što nam nisi zaista
potreban u objektu.“
potreban u objektu.“
15:18
I have visited institutions
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Posetila sam institucije
15:21
where the stench of urine is so strong
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gde je smrad urina toliko jak
15:25
that before you open
the door of your vehicle,
the door of your vehicle,
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da pre nego što otvoriš vrata vozila,
15:28
you're kind of pushed back,
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na neki način si odgurnut,
15:30
and then gone into those institutions
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a onda sam išla u te institucije
15:33
where people should be living
in the community with appropriate supports
in the community with appropriate supports
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gde bi ljudi trebalo da žive
u zajednici, sa odgovarajućom podrškom,
u zajednici, sa odgovarajućom podrškom,
15:38
and seen people almost naked,
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i videla te ljude skoro gole,
15:41
people who are chemically drugged
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ljude koji su hemijski tretirani
15:43
and people who are living
lives of despair.
lives of despair.
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i ljude koji žive očajne živote.
15:47
These are some of the things that the US
needs to be doing more to correct.
needs to be doing more to correct.
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Postoje neke stvari koje je potrebno
da Amerika uradi da bi ispravila to.
da Amerika uradi da bi ispravila to.
15:53
We know discrimination when we see it,
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Znamo dobro šta je diskriminacija,
15:56
and we need to be fighting it together.
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i potrebno je da se borimo
protiv nje zajedno.
protiv nje zajedno.
15:59
So what is it that we can
be doing together?
be doing together?
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Pa šta je to što bismo mogli
da uradimo zajedno?
da uradimo zajedno?
16:03
I encourage you all to recognize
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Podstičem vas da shvatite
16:06
that disability is a family
you can join at any point in your life.
you can join at any point in your life.
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da je invaliditet porodica kojoj se možete
priključiti svakog trenutka u životu.
priključiti svakog trenutka u životu.
16:12
I'd like to see by a show of hands
how many of you have ever broken a bone?
how many of you have ever broken a bone?
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Želela bih da podignete ruku svi vi
koji ste nekad polomili kost.
koji ste nekad polomili kost.
16:18
And then, when you leave today, I'd like
you to maybe write a couple of sentences
you to maybe write a couple of sentences
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A onda, kada odete odavde danas,
želela bih da napišete nekoliko rečenica
želela bih da napišete nekoliko rečenica
16:23
about what that period of time
has been like for you,
has been like for you,
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o tome kako je izgledao taj period za vas,
16:27
because frequently I hear from people,
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zato što često čujem od ljudi,
16:30
"You know, I couldn't do this,
I couldn't do that.
I couldn't do that.
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„Znaš, nisam mogao ovo, nisam mogla ono.
16:33
People talked to me differently.
They acted differently towards me."
They acted differently towards me."
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Ljudi su razgovarali sa mnom drugačije.
Ponašali su se prema meni dugačije.“
Ponašali su se prema meni dugačije.“
16:37
And that's what I see
and other disabled people see
and other disabled people see
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I to je ono što ja vidim i ono što
ostali ljudi sa invaliditetom vide
ostali ljudi sa invaliditetom vide
16:41
in flashing letters.
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u dirljivim pismima.
16:43
But we -- you in this room,
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Ali mi... vi u ovoj prostoriji,
16:46
people listening
and watching this TED Talk --
and watching this TED Talk --
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ljudi koji slušaju i gledaju
ovaj TED govor...
ovaj TED govor...
16:49
together we can make a difference.
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mi zajedno možemo da promenimo stvari.
16:52
Together we can speak up for justice.
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Zajedno možemo da podignemo
svoj glas protiv nepravde.
svoj glas protiv nepravde.
16:56
Together we can help change the world.
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Zajedno možemo da pomognemo
da promenimo svet.
da promenimo svet.
16:59
Thank you. I have to go catch my bus.
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Hvala vam.
Moram da idem da uhvatim autobus.
Moram da idem da uhvatim autobus.
(Aplauz)
17:02
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Judith Heumann - Disability rights activistJudith Heumann is a lifelong advocate for the rights of disabled people.
Why you should listen
Judith (Judy) Heumann contracted polio in 1949 in Brooklyn, NY and began to experience discrimination at five years old when she was denied the right to attend school because she was a "fire hazard." Her parents played a strong role in fighting for her rights as a child. Heumann determined that she, working in collaboration with other disabled people, had to play an increasing advocacy role as she and others experienced continuous discrimination because of their disabilities. She is now an internationally recognized leader in the disability rights community and a lifelong civil rights advocate. As a Senior Fellow at the Ford Foundation, she is currently working to help advance the inclusion of disability in the Foundation’s work and is leading a project to advance the inclusion of disabled people in the media.
President Obama appointed Heumann as the first Special Advisor for International Disability Rights at the US Department of State, where she served from 2010-2017. Prior to this position, she served as the Director for the Department on Disability Services for the District of Columbia, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration.
From June 2002- 2006, Heumann served as the World Bank's first Adviser on Disability and Development. In this position, she led the World Bank's disability work to expand the Bank’s knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the global conversation. From 1993 to 2001, Heumann served in the Clinton Administration as the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education. She was also responsible for the implementation of legislation at the national level for programs in special education, disability research, vocational rehabilitation and independent living, serving more than 8 million youth and adults with disabilities.
Heumann graduated from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY in 1969 and received her Master’s in Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley in 1975. Her goal in life is to continue to advance the rights and empowerment of ALL disabled people around the world. She is also currently building an online presence through The Heumann Perspective which can found on Facebook, YouTube and Twitter.
Judith Heumann | Speaker | TED.com