TED Talks Education
Bill Gates: Teachers need real feedback
Bil Gejts (Bill Gates): Nastavnicima su potrebne prave povratne informacije
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Readability: 3.6
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Puno nastavnika je do skoro dobijalo samo jednu reč povratne infomacije godišnje: "zadovoljava". A bez povratnih informacija, bez treninga, jednostavno nema načina za poboljšanje. Bil Gejts tvrdi da čak i sjajni nastavnici mogu da postanu bolji sa dobrim povratnim informacijama - i predstavlja program svoje fondacije da ovo dovede u svaku učionicu.
Bill Gates - Philanthropist
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio
A passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Everyone needs a coach.
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Svakome je potreban trener.
00:15
It doesn't matter whether you're a basketball player,
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Bez obzira da li igrate košarku,
00:18
a tennis player, a gymnast
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tenis, trenirate gimnastiku
00:21
or a bridge player.
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ili igrate bridž.
00:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:26
My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg,
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Moj trener za bridž,
Šeron Osberg,
Šeron Osberg,
00:29
says there are more pictures of the back of her head
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kaže da ima više slika
njenog potiljka
njenog potiljka
00:31
than anyone else's in the world. (Laughter)
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nego od bilo koje druge
osobe na svetu. (Smeh)
osobe na svetu. (Smeh)
00:34
Sorry, Sharon. Here you go.
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Izvini Šeron. Izvoli.
00:38
We all need people who will give us feedback.
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Svima su nam potrebni ljudi
koji će nam dati povratne informacije.
koji će nam dati povratne informacije.
00:42
That's how we improve.
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Tako napredujemo.
00:44
Unfortunately, there's one group of people
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Nažalost, postoji jedna grupa ljudi
00:47
who get almost no systematic feedback
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koja ne dobija skoro nikakve
sistematske povratne informacije
sistematske povratne informacije
00:50
to help them do their jobs better,
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koje bi im pomogle
da bolje rade svoje poslove,
da bolje rade svoje poslove,
00:52
and these people
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i ovi ljudi
00:53
have one of the most important jobs in the world.
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imaju jedan od najbitnijih poslova
na svetu.
na svetu.
00:56
I'm talking about teachers.
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Pričam o nastavnicima.
00:59
When Melinda and I learned
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Kada smo Melinda i ja saznali
01:01
how little useful feedback most teachers get,
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koliko malo korisnih
povratnih informacija dobijaju nastavnici,
povratnih informacija dobijaju nastavnici,
01:04
we were blown away.
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zaprepastili smo se.
01:06
Until recently, over 98 percent of teachers
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Preko 98% nastavnika je do skoro
01:10
just got one word of feedback:
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dobijalo samo jednu reč
povratne informacije:
povratne informacije:
01:13
Satisfactory.
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zadovoljavajuće.
01:15
If all my bridge coach ever told me
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Da mi je moj trener bridža
ikad rekao samo
ikad rekao samo
01:18
was that I was "satisfactory,"
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da sam "zadovoljavajući",
01:20
I would have no hope of ever getting better.
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ne bih imao nikakve
nade za poboljšanje.
nade za poboljšanje.
01:23
How would I know who was the best?
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Kako bih znao ko je najbolji?
01:26
How would I know what I was doing differently?
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Kako bih znao
šta radim drugačije?
šta radim drugačije?
01:30
Today, districts are revamping
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Okruzi danas obnavljaju
01:32
the way they evaluate teachers,
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način na koji procenjuju nastavnike,
01:34
but we still give them almost no feedback
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ali im mi još uvek ne dajemo
skoro nikakve povratne informacije
skoro nikakve povratne informacije
01:38
that actually helps them improve their practice.
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koje im zaista pomažu
da poboljšaju svoj rad.
da poboljšaju svoj rad.
01:41
Our teachers deserve better.
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Naši nastavnici zaslužuju bolje.
01:44
The system we have today isn't fair to them.
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Sistem koji danas imamo
je prema njima nepravedan.
je prema njima nepravedan.
01:48
It's not fair to students,
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Nepravedan je prema učenicima,
01:49
and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.
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i stavlja pod rizik
svetsko vođstvo Amerike.
svetsko vođstvo Amerike.
01:54
So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachers
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Danas želim da pričam o tome
kako možemo pomoći svim nastavnicima
kako možemo pomoći svim nastavnicima
01:58
get the tools for improvement they want and deserve.
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da dobiju alate za usavršavanje
koje žele i zaslužuju.
koje žele i zaslužuju.
02:02
Let's start by asking who's doing well.
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Da počnemo sa pitanjem
kome dobro ide.
kome dobro ide.
02:06
Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tables
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Nažalost ne postoje međunarodni
sistemi rangiranja
sistemi rangiranja
02:09
for teacher feedback systems.
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za sisteme povratnih informacija
za nastavnike.
za nastavnike.
02:11
So I looked at the countries
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Pogledao sam zemlje
02:13
whose students perform well academically,
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čiji su učenici akademski uspešni
02:16
and looked at what they're doing
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i pogledao sam šta to rade
02:19
to help their teachers improve.
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kako bi pomogli svojim nastavnicima
da se poboljšaju.
da se poboljšaju.
02:22
Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.
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Pogledajte rangiranje za veštinu čitanja.
02:25
The U.S. isn't number one.
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SAD nisu prve.
02:27
We're not even in the top 10.
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Nismo čak ni u prvih 10.
02:29
We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.
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Delimo petnaesto mesto
s Islandom i Poljskom.
s Islandom i Poljskom.
02:34
Now, out of all the places
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Od svih mesta
02:37
that do better than the U.S. in reading,
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koja su bolja od SAD u čitanju,
02:39
how many of them have a formal system
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koliko njih ima formalni sistem
02:42
for helping teachers improve?
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koji pomaže unapređenje nastavnika?
02:45
Eleven out of 14.
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Jedanaest od 14.
02:48
The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading,
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SAD dele petnaesto mesto za čitanje,
02:50
but we're 23rd in science and 31st in math.
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ali smo dvadeset treći u nauci
i trideset prvi u matematici.
i trideset prvi u matematici.
02:55
So there's really only one area where we're near the top,
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Postoji samo jedno područje
gde smo blizu vrha,
gde smo blizu vrha,
02:58
and that's in failing to give our teachers
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a to je neuspeh
u davanju našim nastavnicima
u davanju našim nastavnicima
03:00
the help they need to develop their skills.
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pomoć koja im treba
da razviju svoje veštine.
da razviju svoje veštine.
03:04
Let's look at the best academic performer:
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Hajde da pogledamo
akademski najuspešnije:
akademski najuspešnije:
03:07
the province of Shanghai, China.
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provinciju Šangaj u Kini.
03:10
Now, they rank number one across the board,
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Oni su prvi u svim tabelama,
03:14
in reading, math and science,
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u čitanju, matematici i nauci,
03:17
and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible success
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i jedan od uzroka
za neverovatan uspeh Šangaja
za neverovatan uspeh Šangaja
03:20
is the way they help teachers keep improving.
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je način na koji pomažu
napredak nastavnika.
napredak nastavnika.
03:24
They made sure that younger teachers
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Postarali su se da mladi nastavnici
03:26
get a chance to watch master teachers at work.
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imaju priliku da gledaju
iskusne nastavnike kako rade.
iskusne nastavnike kako rade.
03:30
They have weekly study groups,
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Imaju nedeljne grupe za učenje,
03:32
where teachers get together and talk about what's working.
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gde se nastavnici sastaju
i pričaju o tome šta funkcioniše.
i pričaju o tome šta funkcioniše.
03:35
They even require each teacher to observe
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Čak zahtevaju od svakog nastavnika
da posmatra
da posmatra
03:38
and give feedback to their colleagues.
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i da povratnu informaciju
svojim kolegama.
svojim kolegama.
03:41
You might ask, why is a system like this so important?
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Možda se pitate,
zašto je ovakav sistem tako bitan?
zašto je ovakav sistem tako bitan?
03:45
It's because there's so much variation
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Zato što postoji toliko varijacija
03:48
in the teaching profession.
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u izvođenju nastave.
03:50
Some teachers are far more effective than others.
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Neki nastavnici su
puno efektivniji od drugih.
puno efektivniji od drugih.
03:54
In fact, there are teachers throughout the country
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Zapravo, u celoj zemlji
postoje nastavnici
postoje nastavnici
03:57
who are helping their students make extraordinary gains.
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koji svojim učenicima pomažu
da dođu do izvanrednih rezulata.
da dođu do izvanrednih rezulata.
04:00
If today's average teacher
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Kada bi prosečan nastavnik današnjice
04:02
could become as good as those teachers,
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mogao da postane dobar
kao ti nastavnici,
kao ti nastavnici,
04:05
our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.
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naši učenici bi oduvali ostatak sveta.
04:09
So we need a system that helps all our teachers
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Potreban nam je sistem
koji pomaže našim nastavnicima
koji pomaže našim nastavnicima
04:12
be as good as the best.
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da budu dobri kao najbolji.
04:14
What would that system look like?
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Kako bi izgledao takav sistem?
04:17
Well, to find out, our foundation
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Kako bismo ovo otkrili, naša fondacija
04:19
has been working with 3,000 teachers
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je radila sa 3000 nastavnika
04:21
in districts across the country
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u okruzima širom zemlje
04:23
on a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.
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na projektu koji se zove
Mere efektivne nastave (MET).
Mere efektivne nastave (MET).
04:28
We had observers watch videos
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Posmatrači su gledali snimke
04:30
of teachers in the classroom
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nastavnika u učionici
04:32
and rate how they did on a range of practices.
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i ocenjivali učinak na nizu vežbi.
04:35
For example, did they ask their students
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Na primer, da li su
svojim učenicima postavljali
svojim učenicima postavljali
04:37
challenging questions?
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izazovna pitanja?
04:39
Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea?
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Da li su našli više načina
da objasne neku zamisao?
da objasne neku zamisao?
04:43
We also had students fill out surveys with questions like,
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Takođe smo učenicima dali da ispune
upitnike sa pitanjima poput:
upitnike sa pitanjima poput:
04:48
"Does your teacher know
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"Da li vaš nastavnik zna
04:50
when the class understands a lesson?"
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kada je odeljenje razumelo lekciju?"
04:52
"Do you learn to correct your mistakes?"
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"Da li učiš
da ispravljaš svoje greške?
da ispravljaš svoje greške?
04:55
And what we found is very exciting.
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Ono što smo otkrili
je veoma uzbudljivo.
je veoma uzbudljivo.
04:58
First, the teachers who did well on these observations
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Prvo, nastavnici koji su dobro prošli
na ovim posmatranjima
na ovim posmatranjima
05:02
had far better student outcomes.
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su imali puno bolje rezultate učenika.
05:05
So it tells us we're asking the right questions.
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To nam govori
da postavljamo prava pitanja.
da postavljamo prava pitanja.
05:08
And second, teachers in the program told us
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Drugo, nastavnici u programu
su nam rekli
su nam rekli
05:11
that these videos and these surveys from the students
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da su ovi snimci
i upitnici koje su radili učenici
i upitnici koje su radili učenici
05:14
were very helpful diagnostic tools,
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bili veoma dobri dijagnostički alati
05:17
because they pointed to specific places
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jer su upirali na tačna mesta
05:20
where they can improve.
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gde mogu da se poboljšaju.
05:22
I want to show you what this video component of MET
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Želim da vam pokažem kako
ova video komponenta MET-a
ova video komponenta MET-a
05:26
looks like in action.
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izgleda u akciji.
05:28
(Music)
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(Muzika)
05:31
(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Good morning everybody.
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(Video) Sara Braun Vesling:
Dobro jutro svima.
Dobro jutro svima.
05:33
Let's talk about what's going on today.
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Da popričamo o onom
što se dešava danas.
što se dešava danas.
05:35
To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay?
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Za početak, danas radimo
međusobno pregledanje zadataka, u redu?
međusobno pregledanje zadataka, u redu?
05:39
A peer review day, and our goal by the end of class
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Naš cilj do kraja časa
05:41
is for you to be able to determine
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je da možete da utvrdite
05:43
whether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.
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da li možete ili ne
da se dokažete u svojim sastavima.
da se dokažete u svojim sastavima.
05:46
My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.
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Zovem se Sara Braun Vesling.
05:47
I am a high school English teacher
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Ja sam nastavnica engleskog
05:49
at Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.
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u srednjoj školi Džonston
u Džonstonu, u Ajovi.
u Džonstonu, u Ajovi.
05:51
Turn to somebody next to you.
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Okrenite se ka osobi pored vas.
05:53
Tell them what you think I mean when I talk about moves to prove. I've talk about --
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Recite im šta mislim kada pričam
o dokazivanju. Pričam o -
o dokazivanju. Pričam o -
05:56
I think that there is a difference for teachers
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Mislim da za nastavnike postoji razlika
05:58
between the abstract of how we see our practice
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između apstraknosti toga
kako vidimo svoj posao
kako vidimo svoj posao
06:02
and then the concrete reality of it.
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i njegove konkretne stvarnosti.
06:03
Okay, so I would like you to please bring up your papers.
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U redu, želim da donesete
svoje radove.
svoje radove.
06:07
I think what video offers for us
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Mislim da nam ovaj snimak nudi
06:10
is a certain degree of reality.
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određeni stepen stvarnosti.
06:12
You can't really dispute what you see on the video,
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Ne možete pobiti to što vidite na snimku
06:15
and there is a lot to be learned from that,
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i dosta toga se može odatle naučiti.
06:17
and there are a lot of ways that we can grow
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Postoji puno načina
na koje možemo raziviti
na koje možemo raziviti
06:19
as a profession when we actually get to see this.
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našu profesiju kada zaista
ovo i pogledamo.
ovo i pogledamo.
06:22
I just have a flip camera and a little tripod
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Imam običnu kameru i mali tronožac
06:25
and invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.
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i kupila sam ovaj maleni
širokougaoni objektiv.
širokougaoni objektiv.
06:29
At the beginning of class, I just perch it
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Na početku časa ga samo namestim
06:31
in the back of the classroom. It's not a perfect shot.
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na kraj učionice.
Snimak nije savršen.
Snimak nije savršen.
06:34
It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.
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Ne uhvati svaku stvar
koja se dešava.
koja se dešava.
06:36
But I can hear the sound. I can see a lot.
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Ali mogu da čujem zvuk.
Mogu da vidim dosta toga.
Mogu da vidim dosta toga.
06:40
And I'm able to learn a lot from it.
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I iz toga mogu
dosta da naučim.
dosta da naučim.
06:42
So it really has been a simple
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To je zaista jednostvna
06:45
but powerful tool in my own reflection.
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ali moćna alatka,
iz mog iskustva.
iz mog iskustva.
06:47
All right, let's take a look at the long one first, okay?
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Hajde da prvo pogledamo
ovaj duži, okej?
ovaj duži, okej?
06:51
Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer,
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Kad završim sa snimanjem,
to stavim na svoj kompjuter
to stavim na svoj kompjuter
06:53
and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.
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i onda snimak pregledam
i zavirim u njega.
i zavirim u njega.
06:56
If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.
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Ako nešto ne zapišem,
onda to i ne zapamtim.
onda to i ne zapamtim.
06:58
So having the notes is a part of my thinking process,
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Beleške su deo
mog procesa razmišljanja
mog procesa razmišljanja
07:02
and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.
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i otkrivam u šta gledam
dok pišem.
dok pišem.
07:06
I really have used it for my own personal growth
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Ovo sam zaista koristila
za moj lični razvitak
za moj lični razvitak
07:08
and my own personal reflection on teaching strategy
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i moje lično razmišljanje
o strategiji predavanja
o strategiji predavanja
07:11
and methodology and classroom management,
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i metodologiji i vođenju učionice
07:14
and just all of those different facets of the classroom.
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i svim tim različitim aspektima učionice.
07:18
I'm glad that we've actually done the process before
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Drago mi je što smo
ovaj proces već obavili
ovaj proces već obavili
07:20
so we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.
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tako da možemo da uporedimo
šta funkcioniše, a šta ne.
šta funkcioniše, a šta ne.
07:23
I think that video exposes
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Mislim da snimci izlažu
07:26
so much of what's intrinsic to us as teachers
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puno toga što je suštinsko
nama kao nastavnicima
nama kao nastavnicima
07:30
in ways that help us learn and help us understand,
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na način koji nam pomaže
da učimo i razumemo
da učimo i razumemo
07:33
and then help our broader communities understand
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i da svojim širim zajednicima objasnimo
07:35
what this complex work is really all about.
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o čemu se radi
u ovom komplikovanom poslu.
u ovom komplikovanom poslu.
07:39
I think it is a way to exemplify and illustrate
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Mislim da je to način
da se ilustruje i da primer
da se ilustruje i da primer
07:43
things that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,
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stvari koje ne možemo preneti
u planu časa,
u planu časa,
07:46
things you cannot convey in a standard,
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stvari koje ne možete
preneti standardom,
preneti standardom,
07:48
things that you cannot even sometimes convey
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stvari koje ponekad
ne možete preneti
ne možete preneti
07:51
in a book of pedagogy.
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ni knjigom iz pedagogije.
07:53
Alrighty, everybody, have a great weekend.
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U redu, provedite prijatan vikend.
07:56
I'll see you later.
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Vidimo se kasnije.
07:57
[Every classroom could look like that]
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[Svaka učionica bi mogla
da izgleda ovako]
da izgleda ovako]
07:59
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:05
Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every classroom in America
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Bil Gejts: Jednog dana, voleli bismo
da svaka učionica u Americi
da svaka učionica u Americi
08:08
to look something like that.
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izgleda otprilike kao ova.
08:10
But we still have more work to do.
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Ali još imamo posla.
08:13
Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improve
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Dijagnoza delova gde nastavnik
treba da se usavrši
treba da se usavrši
08:16
is only half the battle.
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je samo pola posla.
08:18
We also have to give them the tools they need
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Takođe moramo da im damo
potrebne alate
potrebne alate
08:21
to act on the diagnosis.
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da reaguju na dijagnozu.
08:23
If you learn that you need to improve
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Ako saznate da morate
da poboljšate
da poboljšate
08:25
the way you teach fractions,
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način na koji predajete razlomke,
08:27
you should be able to watch a video
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trebalo bi da možete
da pogledate snimak
da pogledate snimak
08:29
of the best person in the world teaching fractions.
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osobe koja najbolje na svetu
predaje razlomke.
predaje razlomke.
08:33
So building this complete teacher feedback
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Pravljenje ovog celog sistema
za povratne informacije
za povratne informacije
08:36
and improvement system won't be easy.
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i usavršavanje nastavnika
neće biti lako.
neće biti lako.
08:39
For example, I know some teachers
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Na primer, znam da
nekim nastavnicima
nekim nastavnicima
08:41
aren't immediately comfortable with the idea
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nije odmah prijatno
08:43
of a camera in the classroom.
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sa kamerom u učionici.
08:46
That's understandable, but our experience with MET
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To je razumljivo,
ali naše iskustvo s MET-om
ali naše iskustvo s MET-om
08:49
suggests that if teachers manage the process,
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sugeriše da ako nastavnici
upravljaju procesom,
upravljaju procesom,
08:53
if they collect video in their own classrooms,
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ako snimaju
u svojim učionicama,
u svojim učionicama,
08:55
and they pick the lessons they want to submit,
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i biraju časove koje će poslati,
08:58
a lot of them will be eager to participate.
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dosta njih će biti voljno
da učestvuje.
da učestvuje.
09:02
Building this system will also require
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Stvaranje ovog sistema
će takođe iziskivati
će takođe iziskivati
09:05
a considerable investment.
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pozamašne investicije.
09:08
Our foundation estimates that it could cost
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Naša fondacija procenjuje
da bi to moglo da košta
da bi to moglo da košta
09:11
up to five billion dollars.
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i do 5 milijardi dolara.
09:14
Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective,
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To je velika cifra,
ali iz drugog ugla,
ali iz drugog ugla,
09:18
it's less than two percent
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to je manje od dva procenta
09:20
of what we spend every year on teacher salaries.
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sume koju godišnje trošimo
na plate nastavnika.
na plate nastavnika.
09:24
The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.
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Uticaj bi bio fenomenalan
za nastavnike.
za nastavnike.
09:28
We would finally have a way to give them feedback,
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Konačno bismo imali način
da im pružimo povratne informacije,
da im pružimo povratne informacije,
09:32
as well as the means to act on it.
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kao i sredstva da reaguju.
09:34
But this system would have
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Ali ovaj sistem bi imao
09:35
an even more important benefit for our country.
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još bitniju korist
za našu zemlju.
za našu zemlju.
09:39
It would put us on a path to making sure
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To bi nas navelo
do toga da se postaramo
do toga da se postaramo
09:42
all our students get a great education,
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da svi naši učenici
dobiju sjajno obrazovanje,
dobiju sjajno obrazovanje,
09:46
find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding,
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nađu posao koji ih ispunjava
i nagrađuje,
i nagrađuje,
09:48
and have a chance to live out their dreams.
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i da imaju priliku
da ostvare svoje snove.
da ostvare svoje snove.
09:52
This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.
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Ovo nas ne bi samo
učinilo uspešnijom zemljom,
učinilo uspešnijom zemljom,
09:56
It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.
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nego bi nas učinilo
pravičnijom i poštenijom.
pravičnijom i poštenijom.
10:01
I'm excited about the opportunity
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Uzbuđen sam zbog prilike
10:04
to give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.
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da našim nastavnicima damo podršku
koju žele i zaslužuju.
koju žele i zaslužuju.
10:09
I hope you are too.
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Nadam se da ste i vi.
10:11
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:12
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bill Gates - PhilanthropistA passionate techie and a shrewd businessman, Bill Gates changed the world while leading Microsoft to dizzying success. Now he's doing it again with his own style of philanthropy and passion for innovation.
Why you should listen
Bill Gates is the founder and former CEO of Microsoft. A geek icon, tech visionary and business trailblazer, Gates' leadership -- fueled by his long-held dream that millions might realize their potential through great software -- made Microsoft a personal computing powerhouse and a trendsetter in the Internet dawn. Whether you're a suit, chef, quant, artist, media maven, nurse or gamer, you've probably used a Microsoft product today.
In summer of 2008, Gates left his day-to-day role with Microsoft to focus on philanthropy. Holding that all lives have equal value (no matter where they're being lived), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has now donated staggering sums to HIV/AIDS programs, libraries, agriculture research and disaster relief -- and offered vital guidance and creative funding to programs in global health and education. Gates believes his tech-centric strategy for giving will prove the killer app of planet Earth's next big upgrade.
Read a collection of Bill and Melinda Gates' annual letters, where they take stock of the Gates Foundation and the world. And follow his ongoing thinking on his personal website, The Gates Notes. His new paper, "The Next Epidemic," is published by the New England Journal of Medicine.
Bill Gates | Speaker | TED.com