ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

邦克·罗伊:从赤脚运动中学习

Filmed:
4,300,944 views

在印度的拉贾斯坦邦,有一所非常特别的学校。这学校主要教育农村成年人(其中很多是文盲),使他们成为他们自己村里的太阳能工程师,艺术家,牙医和医生。这所学校就叫做赤脚大学。今天,学校的创办人-邦克·罗伊-就将在这里为我们讲述这个学校的成功事迹。
- Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'd like to take you to another另一个 world世界.
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我将带你们到"另一个世界"去走走。
00:19
And I'd like to share分享
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我想与你们分享
00:21
a 45 year-old love story故事
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一个持续了45年的"爱情故事"。
00:25
with the poor较差的,
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这是关于穷人们的故事,
00:28
living活的 on less than one dollar美元 a day.
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那些人每天的生活费不超多1美元
00:33
I went to a very elitist精英, snobbish势利,
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我曾在印度的一个非常优秀,势利,
00:37
expensive昂贵 education教育 in India印度,
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学费昂贵的学校读书。
00:41
and that almost几乎 destroyed销毁 me.
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这学校几乎毁了我。
00:46
I was all set
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万事俱备
00:48
to be a diplomat外交官, teacher老师, doctor医生 --
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我可以去做一名外交家,老师,医生 --
00:51
all laid铺设 out.
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未来都是设计好的
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian印度人 national国民 squash壁球 champion冠军
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然而,我不喜欢,不过我曾是印度国家壁球比赛
00:58
for three years年份.
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的三连冠!
01:00
(Laughter笑声)
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01:02
The whole整个 world世界 was laid铺设 out for me.
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我的整个世界都是提前安排好的。
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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所有的道路都在我的脚下,
01:07
I could do nothing wrong错误.
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我不可能出什么错
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity好奇心
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而就在那时我好奇地想
01:12
I'd like to go and live生活 and work
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我想去农村生活和工作,
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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去看看农村是什么样的。
01:16
So in 1965,
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所以在1965年,
01:18
I went to what was called the worst最差 Bihar比哈尔邦 famine饥荒 in India印度,
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我去了在印度被称为最严重饥荒地区的比哈尔,
01:22
and I saw starvation饥饿, death死亡,
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我头一次领会了饥荒,死亡,
01:25
people dying垂死 of hunger饥饿, for the first time.
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以及人们饥饿的挣扎。
01:28
It changed my life.
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这改变了我的生活。
01:31
I came来了 back home,
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我回到家,
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told my mother母亲,
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告诉我妈妈,
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"I'd like to live生活 and work in a village."
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"我想在农村生活和工作。"
01:38
Mother母亲 went into a coma昏迷.
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我妈妈几乎昏过去了。
01:40
(Laughter笑声)
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01:43
"What is this?
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"这是什么意思?
01:45
The whole整个 world世界 is laid铺设 out for you, the best最好 jobs工作 are laid铺设 out for you,
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你的整个世界都为你设计好了,最好的工作也为你准备好了,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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你居然现在要去农村工作?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong错误 with you?"
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我说,你没有病吧?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best最好 eduction离析.
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我说,"没有,我得到了最好的教育。
01:54
It made制作 me think.
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这让我有所思考。
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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我想做点贡献
01:59
in my own拥有 way."
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以我自己的方式。"
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"你想在农村做什么?
02:03
No job工作, no money,
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没有工作,没有钱,
02:05
no security安全, no prospect展望."
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没有安全保障,没有前途。"
02:07
I said, "I want to live生活
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我说,"我想在那生活,
02:09
and dig wells for five years年份."
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并在那挖5年井。"
02:12
"Dig wells for five years年份?
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“挖5年井?
02:14
You went to the most expensive昂贵 school学校 and college学院 in India印度,
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你读了印度最贵的学校和大学,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years年份?"
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现在你要去挖5年井?"
02:19
She didn't speak说话 to me for a very long time,
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之后很长一段时间里她都拒绝和我说话
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family家庭 down.
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因为她认为我给我的家族丢脸了。
02:28
But then,
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但是之后,
02:30
I was exposed裸露 to the most extraordinary非凡 knowledge知识 and skills技能
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我看见了那些最贫困人民所拥有的
02:33
that very poor较差的 people have,
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超乎寻常的知识和技能,
02:35
which哪一个 are never brought into the mainstream主流 --
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而这些从来都没有被引入到主流体系中过--
02:38
which哪一个 is never identified确定, respected尊敬,
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从来没有被发现,被尊重,
02:40
applied应用的 on a large scale规模.
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以及大规模运用。
02:42
And I thought I'd start开始 a Barefoot赤脚 College学院 --
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于是我就觉得该建一所赤脚大学
02:44
college学院 only for the poor较差的.
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一种只对穷人开放的大学。
02:46
What the poor较差的 thought was important重要
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穷人认为重要的东西
02:48
would be reflected反射的 in the college学院.
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都能在这个大学里得到反映。
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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我第一次去这个农村。
02:54
Elders长老 came来了 to me
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老人们走过来
02:56
and said, "Are you running赛跑 from the police警察?"
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问我,"你是在躲警察吗?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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我说,"不是。"
03:00
(Laughter笑声)
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03:04
"You failed失败 in your exam考试?"
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"你考试不及格?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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我说,"不是"
03:08
"You didn't get a government政府 job工作?" I said, "No."
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"你没有应聘到政府的工作?“ 我说,“也不是。”
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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“那你在这做什么?
03:13
Why are you here?
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到这里来干什么?
03:15
The education教育 system系统 in India印度
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印度的教育系统
03:17
makes品牌 you look at Paris巴黎 and New Delhi新德里 and Zurich苏黎世;
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让你们这些人都朝巴黎、新德里和苏黎世看齐;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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你在这个村落要做什么?
03:22
Is there something wrong错误 with you you're not telling告诉 us?"
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你是不是有什么问题而不愿意给我们说?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually其实 start开始 a college学院
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我说,"不是,我是想办一个只为穷人
03:28
only for the poor较差的.
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开放的大学。
03:30
What the poor较差的 thought was important重要 would be reflected反射的 in the college学院."
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穷人们认为重要的东西都将在这个大学里面有所反映。"
03:33
So the elders长老 gave me some very sound声音 and profound深刻 advice忠告.
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所以那些年迈的人给了我一些明智且有深度的建议。
03:37
They said, "Please,
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他们说,"请不要录取
03:39
don't bring带来 anyone任何人 with a degree and qualification合格
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那些有学位和证书的人
03:42
into your college学院."
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到你的大学。"
03:44
So it's the only college学院 in India印度
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所以,这是印度唯一一个
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph博士.D. or a Master's硕士,
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如果你有博士或者硕士学位,
03:50
you are disqualified取消资格 to come.
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你就一定不会被录用的大学。
03:52
You have to be a cop-out抓获 or a wash-out洗出 or a dropout退出
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必须是一个逃学,考试不及格,或者辍学的人
03:57
to come to our college学院.
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才能来我们大学。
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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你必须要自己动手
04:02
You have to have a dignity尊严 of labor劳动.
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你必须懂得尊重劳动
04:04
You have to show显示 that you have a skill技能 that you can offer提供 to the community社区
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你必须得显现出你有能力造福社会
04:07
and provide提供 a service服务 to the community社区.
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并为社会提供服务。
04:10
So we started开始 the Barefoot赤脚 College学院,
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所以我们创办了赤脚大学,
04:13
and we redefined重新定义 professionalism敬业精神.
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我们重新定义了”专业“这个词
04:15
Who is a professional专业的?
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谁算得上是专业人才
04:17
A professional专业的 is someone有人
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一个专业人才是一个
04:19
who has a combination组合 of competence权限,
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具能力、
04:21
confidence置信度 and belief信仰.
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信心和信仰于一身的人
04:24
A water diviner预言家 is a professional专业的.
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一个用探矿杖探水源的人应该属于专业人才
04:27
A traditional传统 midwife助产士
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一个传统的接生婆
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is a professional专业的.
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属于专业人才
04:31
A traditional传统 bone setter二传手 is a professional专业的.
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一个传统的反射罩安装者也属于专业人才
04:34
These are professionals专业人士 all over the world世界.
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专业人才存在于世界各地。
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible人迹罕至 village around the world世界.
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你可以在世界任何一个偏远的农村发现他们。
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream主流
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我们认为这些人应该加入到主流当中,
04:43
and show显示 that the knowledge知识 and skills技能 that they have
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并证明他们的知识和能力
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is universal普遍.
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是具有通用性的
04:48
It needs需求 to be used, needs需求 to be applied应用的,
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这些知识和技能需要被运用起来,
04:50
needs需求 to be shown显示 to the world世界 outside --
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需要展示给外面的世界的人看 --
04:52
that these knowledge知识 and skills技能
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这些知识和技能
04:54
are relevant相应 even today今天.
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也甚至与现代社会息息相关。
04:58
So the college学院 works作品
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所以这个大学是根据
05:00
following以下 the lifestyle生活方式 and workstyle作风 of Mahatma圣雄 Gandhi甘地.
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圣雄甘地的生活和工作方式来运作的。
05:04
You eat on the floor地板, you sleep睡觉 on the floor地板, you work on the floor地板.
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学生在地板上吃饭、睡觉和工作。
05:08
There are no contracts合同, no written书面 contracts合同.
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我们没有合同,没有书面合同。
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years年份, go tomorrow明天.
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你可以跟我在一起呆20年,然后明天就走。
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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没有人能得到超过100美元一个月。
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot赤脚 College学院.
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如果你是为了钱,那么你就别来赤脚大学。
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge挑战,
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如果你是为了工作和挑战,
05:21
you'll你会 come to the Barefoot赤脚 College学院.
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那你就会自然的来我们这里。
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas思路.
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这里是我们让学生尝试和创造新想法的地方
05:26
Whatever随你 idea理念 you have, come and try it.
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无论你有什么想法,都可以过来试一试。
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail失败.
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就算你失败了也没关系。
05:30
Battered受虐, bruised伤痕累累, you start开始 again.
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受到打击、创伤之后,你可以重来。
05:33
It's the only college学院 where the teacher老师 is the learner学习者
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这是唯一一所老师是学生,
05:36
and the learner学习者 is the teacher老师.
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而学生是老师的大学。
05:39
And it's the only college学院 where we don't give a certificate证书.
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这也是唯一一所不授予证书的大学。
05:42
You are certified认证 by the community社区 you serve服务.
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你所服务的社区会来评定你。
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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你不需要挂一张荣誉证书在墙上
05:47
to show显示 that you are an engineer工程师.
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以证明你是一个工程师。
05:52
So when I said that,
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所以当我说,
05:54
they said, "Well show显示 us what is possible可能. What are you doing?
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有人说,"给我们展示一你的成果和你的工作,如何?"
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo天书 if you can't show显示 it on the ground地面."
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如果你不能拿出实际成果,你做的事都是无意义的。"
06:01
So we built内置 the first Barefoot赤脚 College学院
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所以我们在1986年创办了第一个
06:04
in 1986.
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赤脚大学
06:07
It was built内置 by 12 Barefoot赤脚 architects建筑师
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那是由12个赤脚建筑师建成的,
06:09
who can't read and write,
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那些人都不会读书写字,
06:11
built内置 on $1.50 a sq平方. ftFT.
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学校是建在以1.5美元一英尺出售的土地上的。
06:14
150 people lived生活 there, worked工作 there.
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有150人居住和生活在那里
06:18
They got the Aga阿迦 Khan Award for Architecture建筑 in 2002.
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他们获得了2002年的Aga Khan建筑奖。
06:21
But then they suspected嫌疑, they thought there was an architect建筑师 behind背后 it.
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但之后评委便开始怀疑,他们认为有一位建筑师在背后支持我们。
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made制作 the blueprints蓝图,
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我说,"是的,有人设计了蓝图,
06:26
but the Barefoot赤脚 architects建筑师 actually其实 constructed the college学院."
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但是是赤脚建筑师亲手建造了这个大学。"
06:31
We are the only ones那些 who actually其实 returned the award for $50,000,
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我们最终成了唯一退还了5万美元奖金的获奖人,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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因为他们不相信我们
06:36
and we thought that they were actually其实 casting铸件 aspersions中伤
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我们认为他们这种做法是对Tilonia地区的
06:40
on the Barefoot赤脚 architects建筑师 of TiloniaTilonia.
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赤脚t建筑师的诽谤
06:43
I asked a forester护林员 --
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我问过一个森林管理员-
06:45
high-powered高功率, paper-qualified纸合格 expert专家 --
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一个有权的、有实际证书的专家--
06:48
I said, "What can you build建立 in this place地点?"
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我说,"你能在这片土地上建什么?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget忘记 it. No way.
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他叫人看了那的土壤,然后说,"放弃吧,什么也不行。
06:53
Not even worth价值 it.
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根本不值得尝试
06:55
No water, rocky岩石 soil."
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没有水,土层里有很多岩石。"
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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这答案让我有点难堪。
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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于是我说,"那好吧,我再去问问村里的一个老年人
07:01
and say, 'What'什么 should I grow增长 in this spot?'"
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我问,'我可以在这个地方种什么?'"
07:04
He looked看着 quietly悄悄 at me and said,
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他静静的看着我,说,
07:06
"You build建立 this, you build建立 this, you put this, and it'll它会 work."
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"你可以建这个,再建这个,你安装这些,就行了。"
07:08
This is what it looks容貌 like today今天.
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这就是它现在的样子。
07:12
Went to the roof屋顶,
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走到屋顶上去,
07:14
and all the women妇女 said, "Clear明确 out.
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所有的女人都会说,"离开这里。
07:16
The men男人 should clear明确 out because we don't want to share分享 this technology技术 with the men男人.
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男人必须离开这里,因为我们不想让你们学到这项技术。
07:19
This is waterproofing防水 the roof屋顶."
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这是防水的屋顶。"
07:21
(Laughter笑声)
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07:23
It is a bit of jaggery粗糖, a bit of urensurens
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那是由一些棕榈,荨麻
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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和其他我不知道的东西制成的。
07:28
But it actually其实 doesn't leak泄漏.
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但是那真东西的不漏水。
07:30
Since以来 1986, it hasn't有没有 leaked泄露.
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1986年以来,它都没漏过。
07:33
This technology技术, the women妇女 will not share分享 with the men男人.
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这项科技,那些女人还是不会给男人分享。
07:36
(Laughter笑声)
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07:39
It's the only college学院
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这是唯一一所
07:41
which哪一个 is fully充分 solar-electrified太阳能电气化.
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全由太阳能供电的学校
07:45
All the power功率 comes from the sun太阳.
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所有的能量都是来自于太阳。
07:47
45 kilowatts千瓦 of panels面板 on the roof屋顶.
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屋顶上有45千瓦的光板。
07:49
And everything works作品 off the sun太阳 for the next下一个 25 years年份.
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这里所有东西在没有太阳条件下,都能再工作25年。
07:51
So long as the sun太阳 shines,
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这些光板寿命和太阳发光时间一样长,
07:53
we'll have no problem问题 with power功率.
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所以我们的供电是没问题的。
07:55
But the beauty美女 is
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其中最值得称赞的是
07:57
that is was installed安装
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这些都是由一个神父,
08:00
by a priest牧师, a Hindu印度教 priest牧师,
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一个印度神父安装的。
08:03
who's谁是 only doneDONE eight years年份 of primary schooling教育 --
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他只读过8年小学 --
08:06
never been to school学校, never been to college学院.
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从没上过中学,大学。
08:09
He knows知道 more about solar太阳能
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我保证,他知道的太阳能知识,
08:11
than anyone任何人 I know anywhere随地 in the world世界 guaranteed保证.
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比我在这世界上认识的任何一个人都多
08:17
Food餐饮, if you come to the Barefoot赤脚 College学院,
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我们的食物,如果你来赤脚大学看,
08:19
is solar太阳能 cooked.
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都是借助太阳能制作的
08:22
But the people who fabricated制造 that solar太阳能 cooker
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但是那些编制太阳能炊具的
08:25
are women妇女,
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都是妇女,
08:28
illiterate文盲 women妇女,
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都是不识字的妇女。
08:30
who actually其实 fabricate制造
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她们实际上制造的是
08:32
the most sophisticated复杂的 solar太阳能 cooker.
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最复杂的太阳能炊具。
08:34
It's a parabolic抛物线 Scheffler舍夫勒 solar太阳能 cooker.
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这是一个抛物形的全自动太阳能炊具。
08:40
Unfortunately不幸, they're almost几乎 half German德语,
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不幸的是,她们基本算的上是一半的德国人,
08:44
they're so precise精确.
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她们太精确了
08:46
(Laughter笑声)
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08:48
You'll你会 never find Indian印度人 women妇女 so precise精确.
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你永远也不会发现有印度妇女有那么精确。
08:52
Absolutely绝对 to the last inch英寸,
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完全的精确到了最后的一英寸,
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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她们就是做到这点。
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice两次 a day
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我们每月有60顿饭,每天2顿
08:58
of solar太阳能 cooking烹饪.
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都是靠太阳能做的。
09:00
We have a dentist牙医 --
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我们有一个牙医--
09:02
she's a grandmother祖母, illiterate文盲, who's谁是 a dentist牙医.
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一个老奶奶,不识字,但是是牙医。
09:05
She actually其实 looks容貌 after the teeth
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她实际上负责了
09:07
of 7,000 children孩子.
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7千名儿童的牙齿问题。
09:11
Barefoot赤脚 technology技术:
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赤脚科技:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer工程师, no architect建筑师 thought of it --
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这是1986年--没有工程师,建筑家考虑过这个--
09:16
but we are collecting搜集 rainwater雨水 from the roofs屋顶.
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但是我们一直用这来收集屋顶的雨水。
09:19
Very little water is wasted浪费.
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几乎没有水会被浪费掉。
09:21
All the roofs屋顶 are connected连接的 underground地下
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所有的房顶在地底下都连接着一个
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank坦克,
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有40万升容量的水槽
09:25
and no water is wasted浪费.
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没有水被浪费。
09:27
If we have four years年份 of drought干旱, we still have water on the campus校园,
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就算我们遭受了4年旱灾,我们校园依然不会缺水,
09:30
because we collect搜集 rainwater雨水.
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因为我们一直收集着雨水。
09:32
60 percent百分 of children孩子 don't go to school学校,
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60%的孩子都不去上学,
09:35
because they have to look after animals动物 --
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因为他们必须要照顾动物--
09:37
sheep, goats山羊 --
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绵羊,山羊--
09:39
domestic国内 chores琐事.
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一些琐碎家务。
09:41
So we thought of starting开始 a school学校
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所以我们觉得该为这些孩子开一个
09:44
at night for the children孩子.
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夜间学校。
09:46
Because the night schools学校 of TiloniaTilonia,
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因为有了Tilonia夜校,
09:48
over 75,000 children孩子 have gone走了 through通过 these night schools学校.
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超过7万5千个学生都进入了这些学校学习。
09:51
Because it's for the convenience方便 of the child儿童;
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因为这能给孩子带来方便;
09:53
it's not for the convenience方便 of the teacher老师.
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这不是给予老师便利。
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools学校?
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我们在这些学校都教什么呢?
09:57
Democracy民主, citizenship国籍,
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民主、公民权,
09:59
how you should measure测量 your land土地,
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如何测量土地,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested被捕,
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被捕之后应该如何做,
10:04
what you should do if your animal动物 is sick生病.
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动物生病了应该做什么。
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools学校.
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这就是我们在夜校教书的内容。
10:10
But all the schools学校 are solar-lit太阳能照明.
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所有的学校都是太阳能照明的,
10:13
Every一切 five years年份
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每五年
10:15
we have an election选举.
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我们都有一场选举。
10:17
Between之间 six to 14 year-old children孩子
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6到14岁的孩子们
10:21
participate参加 in a democratic民主的 process处理,
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3000
会参加一次民主选举,
10:24
and they elect a prime主要 minister部长.
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4000
他们要选出一个“总理”。
10:28
The prime主要 minister部长 is 12 years年份 old.
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现在的总理是12岁。
10:32
She looks容貌 after 20 goats山羊 in the morning早上,
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她白天要照看20只羊,
10:34
but she's prime主要 minister部长 in the evening晚间.
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但是到了晚上,她就是“总理”。
10:37
She has a cabinet内阁,
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她有一个内阁,
10:39
a minister部长 of education教育, a minister部长 for energy能源, a minister部长 for health健康.
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由一个教育部长,能源部长,以及卫生部长组成。
10:42
And they actually其实 monitor监控 and supervise监督
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他们实际上监管着
10:44
150 schools学校 for 7,000 children孩子.
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150所学校的7千个孩子。
10:49
She got the World's世界 Children's儿童 Prize five years年份 ago,
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她5年前获得了世界儿童奖,
10:51
and she went to Sweden瑞典.
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2000
那年她去了瑞典。
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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2000
这是她第一次离开她的村庄。
10:55
Never seen看到 Sweden瑞典.
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从没见过瑞典。
10:58
Wasn't dazzled眼花缭乱 at all by what was happening事件.
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2000
但也并不惊异于那里所发生的事情。
11:00
And the Queen女王 of Sweden瑞典, who's谁是 there,
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645000
2000
我们一起的还有瑞典的皇后,
11:02
turned转身 to me and said, "Can you ask this child儿童 where she got her confidence置信度 from?
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皇后转过来对我说,"你能帮我问问这个孩子她哪里来的勇气吗?
11:05
She's only 12 years年份 old,
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她只有12岁,
11:07
and she's not dazzled眼花缭乱 by anything."
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但她对周围的事情却并不感到害怕。“
11:10
And the girl女孩, who's谁是 on her left,
247
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站在她左边的女孩
11:13
turned转身 to me and looked看着 at the queen女王 straight直行 in the eye
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3000
转过来直视着女王的眼睛,
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime主要 minister部长."
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3000
说到,”请告诉她,我是总理。“
11:19
(Laughter笑声)
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11:21
(Applause掌声)
251
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鼓掌
11:29
Where the percentage百分比 of illiteracy文盲 is very high,
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在文盲率很高的地方,
11:33
we use puppetry木偶戏.
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我们都用木偶。
11:36
Puppets木偶 is the way we communicate通信.
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木偶是我们的交流工具。
11:45
You have JokhimJokhim Chacha茶茶
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这有Jaokim Chacha,
11:48
who is 300 years年份 old.
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他已经300岁了
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst心理医生. He is my teacher老师.
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他是我的精神分析学家。他也是我的老师。
11:55
He's my doctor医生. He's my lawyer律师.
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2000
他是我的医生。他也是我的律师
11:57
He's my donor捐赠者.
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他是我的捐赠人
11:59
He actually其实 raises加薪 money,
260
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2000
他真的能筹钱、
12:01
solves解决了 my disputes争议.
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3000
解决纷争。
12:04
He solves解决了 my problems问题 in the village.
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3000
他常解决我在村里的问题
12:07
If there's tension张力 in the village,
263
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如果村里有了纷争,
12:09
if attendance at the schools学校 goes down
264
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如果学校学生出勤率下降了
12:11
and there's a friction摩擦 between之间 the teacher老师 and the parent,
265
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如果老师和家长间产生了矛盾,
12:13
the puppet木偶 calls电话 the teacher老师 and the parent in front面前 of the whole整个 village
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木偶就会叫老师和家长来,当着全村的面,
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
267
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2000
说,”握手吧。
12:18
The attendance must必须 not drop下降."
268
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出勤率不能降。“
12:22
These puppets木偶
269
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这些木偶
12:24
are made制作 out of recycled回收 World世界 Bank银行 reports报告.
270
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2000
是拿废弃的世界银行报告纸做的。
12:26
(Laughter笑声)
271
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2000
12:28
(Applause掌声)
272
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7000
鼓掌
12:35
So this decentralized分散, demystified揭秘 approach途径
273
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4000
所以太阳能发电村庄的这种权力下放,
12:39
of solar-electrifying太阳能带电 villages村庄,
274
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2000
无神秘性的运作方式,
12:41
we've我们已经 covered覆盖 all over India印度
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2000
我们已经覆盖到了整个印度
12:43
from Ladakh拉达克 up to Bhutan不丹 --
276
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3000
从拉达克到不丹
12:48
all solar-electrified太阳能电气化 villages村庄
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所有的太阳能发电村落
12:50
by people who have been trained熟练.
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3000
都是由受过培训的村民自己完成的。
12:54
And we went to Ladakh拉达克,
279
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我们去了拉达克
12:56
and we asked this woman女人 --
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我们问了这个妇女--
12:58
this, at minus减去 40, you have to come out of the roof屋顶,
281
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3000
这里,零下40度, 你不得不走出房屋
13:01
because there's no place地点, it was all snowed下雪 up on both sides双方 --
282
766000
3000
因为,没地方了,两边都是雪
13:04
and we asked this woman女人,
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2000
我们问这个妇女,
13:06
"What was the benefit效益 you had
284
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2000
"你从太阳能发电中
13:08
from solar太阳能 electricity电力?"
285
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2000
得到了什么?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute分钟 and said,
286
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2000
她思考了一分钟,说
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's丈夫 face面对 in winter冬季."
287
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"这是我第一次能在冬天,见到我丈夫的脸。"
13:16
(Laughter笑声)
288
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3000
13:19
Went to Afghanistan阿富汗.
289
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2000
去阿富汗。
13:21
One lesson we learned学到了 in India印度
290
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5000
我们在印度学到的一件事是
13:26
was men男人 are untrainableuntrainable.
291
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男人都是没办法教的。
13:30
(Laughter笑声)
292
795000
4000
13:34
Men男人 are restless不安,
293
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2000
男人很狂躁,
13:36
men男人 are ambitious有雄心,
294
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也很有抱负,
13:38
men男人 are compulsively强制 mobile移动,
295
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男人很喜欢到处跑,
13:41
and they all want a certificate证书.
296
806000
2000
他们都想得到文凭。
13:43
(Laughter笑声)
297
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2000
13:45
All across横过 the globe地球, you have this tendency趋势
298
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放眼全球,都有这种趋势,
13:48
of men男人 wanting希望 a certificate证书.
299
813000
2000
就是男人都想要证书。
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave离开 the village
300
815000
3000
为什么,因为他们想要离开农村
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job工作.
301
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3000
去城市,找工作。
13:56
So we came来了 up with a great solution:
302
821000
3000
所以我们想到了一个很好的解决办法:
13:59
train培养 grandmothers祖母.
303
824000
2000
训练老奶奶们。
14:03
What's the best最好 way of communicating通信
304
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2000
现在世上最好的
14:05
in the world世界 today今天?
305
830000
2000
交流方式是什么?
14:07
Television电视? No.
306
832000
2000
电视?不是。
14:09
Telegraph电报? No.
307
834000
2000
电报?不是。
14:11
Telephone电话? No.
308
836000
2000
电话?也不是。
14:13
Tell a woman女人.
309
838000
2000
是告诉女人
14:15
(Laughter笑声)
310
840000
3000
14:18
(Applause掌声)
311
843000
4000
鼓掌
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan阿富汗 for the first time,
312
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2000
所以我们第一次去了阿富汗,
14:24
and we picked采摘的 three women妇女
313
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2000
我们选了3个妇女,
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India印度."
314
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2000
说,"我们想带她们去印度。"
14:28
They said, "Impossible不可能. They don't even go out of their rooms客房,
315
853000
2000
他们说,"不可能,她们甚至不会出家门的,
14:30
and you want to take them to India印度."
316
855000
2000
你还幻想带去印度。"
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession让步. I'll take the husbands丈夫 along沿 as well."
317
857000
2000
我说,”我会妥协的,把她们丈夫也带上吧。“
14:34
So I took the husbands丈夫 along沿.
318
859000
2000
所以我也带上了丈夫。
14:36
Of course课程, the women妇女 were much more intelligent智能 than the men男人.
319
861000
3000
当然,那些女人要比她们丈夫聪明多了。
14:39
In six months个月,
320
864000
2000
6个月的时间,
14:41
how do we train培养 these women妇女?
321
866000
3000
要怎么改变这些妇女呢?
14:44
Sign标志 language语言.
322
869000
2000
手语。
14:46
You don't choose选择 the written书面 word.
323
871000
3000
不用书面语言。
14:49
You don't choose选择 the spoken word.
324
874000
2000
不用口头语言。
14:51
You use sign标志 language语言.
325
876000
3000
只比划手势。
14:54
And in six months个月
326
879000
2000
6个月之后,
14:56
they can become成为 solar太阳能 engineers工程师.
327
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4000
她们就能成为太阳能工程师。
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify太阳能通电 their own拥有 village.
328
885000
3000
她们回家,用太阳能使村庄都用上了电。
15:03
This woman女人 went back
329
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这个妇女回去
15:05
and solar-electrified太阳能电气化 the first village,
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用太阳能供给了第一个村落,
15:08
set up a workshop作坊 --
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建立了一个工作坊--
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified太阳能电气化 in Afghanistan阿富汗
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阿富汗第一个用太阳能供电的村庄
15:13
[was] by the three women妇女.
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是由这3个妇女亲手建起来的。
15:16
This woman女人
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这个妇女
15:18
is an extraordinary非凡 grandmother祖母.
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是一个非凡的奶奶。
15:20
55 years年份 old, and she's solar-electrified太阳能电气化 200 houses房屋 for me in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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55岁,她在阿富汗帮我用太阳能供给了200个房子。
15:25
And they haven't没有 collapsed倒塌.
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这些一直都没被损坏。
15:28
She actually其实 went and spoke to an engineering工程 department in Afghanistan阿富汗
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她事实上曾与阿富汗工程部的人交流过,
15:31
and told the head of the department
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她甚至告诉他们部长
15:33
the difference区别 between之间 ACAC and DCDC.
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AC和DC两种电源的区别。
15:35
He didn't know.
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那个部长不知道这个。
15:37
Those three women妇女 have trained熟练 27 more women妇女
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那三个妇女已经训练了另外27妇女
15:40
and solar-electrified太阳能电气化 100 villages村庄 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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并且用太阳能供电供给了阿富汗的100个村子。
15:43
We went to Africa非洲,
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我们去了非洲,
15:46
and we did the same相同 thing.
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做了同样的事。
15:48
All these women妇女 sitting坐在 at one table from eight, nine countries国家,
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这些坐在桌前的妇女来自8、9个不同的国家,
15:51
all chatting聊天的 to each other, not understanding理解 a word,
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她们在相互对话,尽管没有人能理解对方,
15:54
because they're all speaking请讲 a different不同 language语言.
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因为她们说的都是不同的语言。
15:56
But their body身体 language语言 is great.
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但是他们的身体语言很棒。
15:58
They're speaking请讲 to each other
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他们相互交流
16:00
and actually其实 becoming变得 solar太阳能 engineers工程师.
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正渐渐变成太阳能工程师。
16:02
I went to Sierra内华达 Leone塞拉利昂,
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我去了塞拉利昂
16:05
and there was this minister部长 driving主动 down in the dead of night --
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有个部长深夜开车--
16:08
comes across横过 this village.
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穿过了这个村庄。
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story故事?"
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又开回来,进了村子,"这里发了什么?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers祖母 ... "
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他们说,"这两个老奶奶..."
16:15
"Grandmothers祖母?" The minister部长 couldn't不能 believe what was happening事件.
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"老奶奶?" 这个部长不相信这里发生的一切。
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India印度 and back."
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”他们以前去哪里了?“"去了印度,又回来了。"
16:21
Went straight直行 to the president主席.
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那部长直接找到了总统。
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified太阳能电气化 village in Sierra内华达 Leone塞拉利昂?"
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他说:“你知道塞拉利昂有个太阳能发电的村庄吗?”
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet内阁 went to see the grandmothers祖母 the next下一个 day.
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总统说,"不知道。" 于是一半的内阁人员就在第二天去看了那里。
16:28
"What's the story故事."
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"怎么回事。"
16:30
So he summoned传唤 me and said, "Can you train培养 me 150 grandmothers祖母?"
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所以总统传唤了我,说,"你能帮我再培养150名老奶奶吗?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr先生. President主席.
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我说,”总统先生,我不能。
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers祖母 will."
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但是她们可以,这几个老奶奶可以。"
16:38
So he built内置 me the first Barefoot赤脚 training训练 center中央 in Sierra内华达 Leone塞拉利昂.
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之后总统为我在Sierra Leone修建了第一个赤足培训中心。
16:41
And 150 grandmothers祖母 have been trained熟练 in Sierra内华达 Leone塞拉利昂.
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有150名老奶奶在那接受训练。
16:45
Gambia冈比亚:
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冈比亚地区:
16:47
we went to select选择 a grandmother祖母 in Gambia冈比亚.
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我们在冈比亚挑选了一个老奶奶。
16:50
Went to this village.
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去了这个村庄。
16:52
I knew知道 which哪一个 woman女人 I would like to take.
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我知道哪一个妇女我想带走。
16:54
The community社区 got together一起 and said, "Take these two women妇女."
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社区管理人把大家都组织起来,说,"带走这两位妇女吧。"
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman女人."
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我说,"不,我想带走这位。"
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language语言. You don't know her."
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他们说,"为什么?她不懂语言,你们也不了解她啊。"
17:01
I said, "I like the body身体 language语言. I like the way she speaks说话."
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我说,”我喜欢她的肢体语言,我喜欢她说话的方式。“
17:04
"Difficult husband丈夫; not possible可能."
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"她有一个难缠的丈夫;不可能。"
17:06
Called the husband丈夫, the husband丈夫 came来了,
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他们叫丈夫,丈夫来了,
17:08
swaggering大摇大摆, politician政治家, mobile移动 in his hand. "Not possible可能."
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大摇大摆的,是个政客,手里拿着手机。"不可能。"
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman女人, look how beautiful美丽 she is."
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"为什么不行?" "这个女人,看她有多么美丽。"
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful美丽."
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我说,"是啊,她很美丽。"
17:16
"What happens发生 if she runs运行 off with an Indian印度人 man?"
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"要是她和一个印度人私奔了怎么办?"
17:18
That was his biggest最大 fear恐惧.
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那是他最大的担心。
17:20
I said, "She'll贝壳 be happy快乐. She'll贝壳 ring you up on the mobile移动."
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我说,"她会很高兴的。她应该会给你打电话的。"
17:23
She went like a grandmother祖母
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她走的时候是一个典型的奶奶
17:26
and came来了 back like a tiger.
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回去后就成了一个”老虎“。
17:28
She walked out of the plane平面
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她走下飞机
17:30
and spoke to the whole整个 press as if she was a veteran老将.
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像一个老兵似地对媒体发表言论。
17:33
She handled处理 the national国民 press,
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她成功应付了全国媒体机构,
17:36
and she was a star.
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她成为了一个明星。
17:38
And when I went back six months个月 later后来, I said, "Where's哪里 your husband丈夫?"
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当我6个月后再去那时,我问,“你丈夫呢?“
17:41
"Oh, somewhere某处. It doesn't matter."
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"噢,谁知道在哪儿,这并不重要。"
17:43
(Laughter笑声)
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17:45
Success成功 story故事.
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成功典范。
17:47
(Laughter笑声)
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17:49
(Applause掌声)
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鼓掌
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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最后,我想说
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions解决方案 outside.
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我认为你们不用去外面找解决问题的方法。
18:02
Look for solutions解决方案 within.
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要从内部去寻找。
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions解决方案 in front面前 of you.
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要学会倾听你面前有解决方法人。
18:07
They're all over the world世界.
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他们存在于世界各地。
18:09
Don't even worry担心.
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不要担心。
18:11
Don't listen to the World世界 Bank银行, listen to the people on the ground地面.
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不要听信世界银行,要相信生活在一线的人民。
18:14
They have all the solutions解决方案 in the world世界.
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他们能解决这个世界上所有问题。
18:17
I'll end结束 with a quotation行情 by Mahatma圣雄 Gandhi甘地.
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我将以圣雄甘地的一句话作为结尾。
18:20
"First they ignore忽视 you,
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"最开始,他们忽视你,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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之后会嘲笑你,
18:24
then they fight斗争 you,
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然后与你斗争,
18:26
and then you win赢得."
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最终,你会胜利。"
18:28
Thank you.
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谢谢。
18:30
(Applause掌声)
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鼓掌
Translated by Chunyang Hu
Reviewed by Jenny Yang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com