ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Bunker Roy: Learning from a barefoot movement

從一次赤腳運動中學到的

Filmed:
4,300,944 views

在印度的拉贾斯坦邦, 有著一個不同尋常的學校. 它為的鄉下男女提供教學, 他們大部分都是文盲. 教學的目的是為了讓他們成為他們的村裡太陽能工程師, 工匠, 牙醫, 醫生. 這所學校的名字叫赤腳學院. 學院的創辦人, 邦克爾•羅伊, 將為大家解釋學校的運作.
- Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I'd like to take you to another另一個 world世界.
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我想帶你們到另一個世界.
00:19
And I'd like to share分享
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與你們分享
00:21
a 45 year-old love story故事
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一位年齡45歲
00:25
with the poor較差的,
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和每天薪水不到一美元的窮人,
00:28
living活的 on less than one dollar美元 a day.
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之前的愛情故事.
00:33
I went to a very elitist精英, snobbish勢利,
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我所受的教育在印度是非常的
00:37
expensive昂貴 education教育 in India印度,
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優異, 勢力, 昂貴,
00:41
and that almost幾乎 destroyed銷毀 me.
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它幾乎毀了我的人生.
00:46
I was all set
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我可以選擇
00:48
to be a diplomat外交官, teacher老師, doctor醫生 --
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當一名外交官, 老師, 醫生
00:51
all laid鋪設 out.
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這些全都為我準備好了.
00:55
Then, I don't look it, but I was the Indian印度人 national國民 squash壁球 champion冠軍
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我不需要擔憂, 而我曾是印度國家壁球比賽
00:58
for three years年份.
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連續三年的冠軍.
01:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
01:02
The whole整個 world世界 was laid鋪設 out for me.
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整個世界似乎都是因我而存在.
01:05
Everything was at my feet.
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一切好像都在我腳下.
01:07
I could do nothing wrong錯誤.
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我不會犯錯.
01:10
And then I thought out of curiosity好奇心
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然後我開始產生好奇
01:12
I'd like to go and live生活 and work
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我想去村莊工作, 生活
01:14
and just see what a village is like.
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體驗一下是什麼樣的感覺.
01:16
So in 1965,
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1965年,
01:18
I went to what was called the worst最差 Bihar比哈爾邦 famine飢荒 in India印度,
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我來到了印度有史以來最大的比哈爾邦飢荒,
01:22
and I saw starvation飢餓, death死亡,
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我一次見到了
01:25
people dying垂死 of hunger飢餓, for the first time.
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因飢餓而死的人.
01:28
It changed my life.
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我的生活因此而改變.
01:31
I came來了 back home,
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我回到家後,
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told my mother母親,
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告訴了我母親,
01:35
"I'd like to live生活 and work in a village."
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"我要去鄉下工作, 在那裡生活."
01:38
Mother母親 went into a coma昏迷.
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她聽了後昏了过過去
01:40
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
01:43
"What is this?
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“你是什麼意思?
01:45
The whole整個 world世界 is laid鋪設 out for you, the best最好 jobs工作 are laid鋪設 out for you,
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你的人生已經定下來了, 最上層的工作你也可以得到,
01:48
and you want to go and work in a village?
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你現在告訴我你想到鄉下去工作?
01:50
I mean, is there something wrong錯誤 with you?"
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我想知道你是哪根經不對了嗎?"
01:52
I said, "No, I've got the best最好 eduction離析.
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我告訴她: ”我沒問題, 我得到了最好的教育.
01:54
It made製作 me think.
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我的經歷讓我反思.
01:56
And I wanted to give something back
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我在反思後決定用我的方式
01:59
in my own擁有 way."
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來報答社會."
02:01
"What do you want to do in a village?
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"你去鄉下要做什麼?
02:03
No job工作, no money,
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又沒工作, 又沒錢,
02:05
no security安全, no prospect展望."
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不安全, 沒前景."
02:07
I said, "I want to live生活
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我說:"我想在那裡住
02:09
and dig wells for five years年份."
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挖五年的井."
02:12
"Dig wells for five years年份?
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“挖五年井?
02:14
You went to the most expensive昂貴 school學校 and college學院 in India印度,
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你一直都念的是全印度最貴的學校,
02:17
and you want to dig wells for five years年份?"
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現在要用五年時間來挖井?"
02:19
She didn't speak說話 to me for a very long time,
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後來很長一段時間她沒和我說話,
02:23
because she thought I'd let my family家庭 down.
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因為她覺得我讓家人丟臉了.
02:28
But then,
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在村裡,
02:30
I was exposed裸露 to the most extraordinary非凡 knowledge知識 and skills技能
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我見識了窮人
02:33
that very poor較差的 people have,
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最超出尋常的知識和技能,
02:35
which哪一個 are never brought into the mainstream主流 --
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這些從來沒有主流媒體上出現過
02:38
which哪一個 is never identified確定, respected尊敬,
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因為從來沒有被人注意過和尊重過,
02:40
applied應用的 on a large scale規模.
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或是大規模的應用過.
02:42
And I thought I'd start開始 a Barefoot赤腳 College學院 --
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我決定創辦一所赤腳學院
02:44
college學院 only for the poor較差的.
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一所只有窮人才能念的學院.
02:46
What the poor較差的 thought was important重要
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貧民們的重要想法
02:48
would be reflected反射的 in the college學院.
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將在此學院得到反映.
02:52
I went to this village for the first time.
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我第一次來到了這個鄉村.
02:54
Elders長老 came來了 to me
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老人們走到我身邊問:"
02:56
and said, "Are you running賽跑 from the police警察?"
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你是通缉犯?"
02:58
I said, "No."
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我说不是.
03:00
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑声
03:04
"You failed失敗 in your exam考試?"
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"考試沒過?"
03:06
I said, "No."
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我说不是.
03:08
"You didn't get a government政府 job工作?" I said, "No."
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没找到政府的工作? 我說不是
03:11
"What are you doing here?
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那你来这里做什么?
03:13
Why are you here?
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为什么來这里?
03:15
The education教育 system系統 in India印度
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印度的教育系統
03:17
makes品牌 you look at Paris巴黎 and New Delhi新德里 and Zurich蘇黎世;
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會讓你嚮往巴黎, 新德里, 蘇黎世那種地方;
03:20
what are you doing in this village?
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你來這個鄉村的目的到底是什麼?
03:22
Is there something wrong錯誤 with you you're not telling告訴 us?"
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你是不是有事隱瞞?"
03:25
I said, "No, I want to actually其實 start開始 a college學院
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我說:"沒有, 我其實是想創辦一所學院
03:28
only for the poor較差的.
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只教窮人的學院.
03:30
What the poor較差的 thought was important重要 would be reflected反射的 in the college學院."
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貧民的想法可以在這個學院中變為現實."
03:33
So the elders長老 gave me some very sound聲音 and profound深刻 advice忠告.
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這些老人給了我很多建議.
03:37
They said, "Please,
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他們說:"
03:39
don't bring帶來 anyone任何人 with a degree and qualification合格
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請你不要讓有學位和證書的人
03:42
into your college學院."
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進你的學校."
03:44
So it's the only college學院 in India印度
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這所學家成為印度唯一一間
03:47
where, if you should have a Ph博士.D. or a Master's碩士,
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不收有博士
03:50
you are disqualified取消資格 to come.
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或是碩士學位的人.
03:52
You have to be a cop-out抓獲 or a wash-out洗出 or a dropout退出
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你必須要是一名逃學者, 考試不及格者, 或是輟學者
03:57
to come to our college學院.
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才能念這所大學.
04:00
You have to work with your hands.
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你必須用雙手工作.
04:02
You have to have a dignity尊嚴 of labor勞動.
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不要因為勞動而有羞恥心.
04:04
You have to show顯示 that you have a skill技能 that you can offer提供 to the community社區
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還要向社區證明你有他們需要的技能
04:07
and provide提供 a service服務 to the community社區.
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並對社區提供服務.
04:10
So we started開始 the Barefoot赤腳 College學院,
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我們開始赤腳學院的時,
04:13
and we redefined重新定義 professionalism敬業精神.
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我們對職業精神重新定義.
04:15
Who is a professional專業的?
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怎樣才算是一名專家?
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A professional專業的 is someone有人
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專家是指那些
04:19
who has a combination組合 of competence權限,
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不但有能力,
04:21
confidence置信度 and belief信仰.
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還有信心和信仰的人.
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A water diviner預言家 is a professional專業的.
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占卜水源位置的人是專家.
04:27
A traditional傳統 midwife助產士
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傳統助產婆
04:29
is a professional專業的.
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也是專家.
04:31
A traditional傳統 bone setter二傳手 is a professional專業的.
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傳統的擺放餐具者也是專家.
04:34
These are professionals專業人士 all over the world世界.
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專家遍佈世界各地.
04:36
You find them in any inaccessible人跡罕至 village around the world世界.
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任何偏僻的鄉村裡都有他們的身影.
04:40
And we thought that these people should come into the mainstream主流
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我認為這些人應該加入主流社會
04:43
and show顯示 that the knowledge知識 and skills技能 that they have
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證明他們的知識和技能
04:46
is universal普遍.
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是全球通用的.
04:48
It needs需求 to be used, needs需求 to be applied應用的,
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他們的技術和知識需要被應用,
04:50
needs需求 to be shown顯示 to the world世界 outside --
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需要向外界的社會展示
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that these knowledge知識 and skills技能
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這些技能和知識
04:54
are relevant相應 even today今天.
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在今天的社會中還可以得到發揮.
04:58
So the college學院 works作品
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這所學院的文化
05:00
following以下 the lifestyle生活方式 and workstyle作風 of Mahatma聖雄 Gandhi甘地.
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是追隨聖雄甘地的生活和工作習慣.
05:04
You eat on the floor地板, you sleep睡覺 on the floor地板, you work on the floor地板.
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吃飯, 睡覺, 和工作都是在地上.
05:08
There are no contracts合同, no written書面 contracts合同.
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沒有合同書, 從來不簽任何合同.
05:10
You can stay with me for 20 years年份, go tomorrow明天.
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你可以在這裡念20年, 或者明天就走.
05:13
And no one can get more than $100 a month.
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但沒有誰每月薪水可以超過100美金.
05:16
You come for the money, you don't come to Barefoot赤腳 College學院.
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你如果是想掙錢, 那你來錯地方了.
05:19
You come for the work and the challenge挑戰,
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如果你愛工作並且願意接受挑戰,
05:21
you'll你會 come to the Barefoot赤腳 College學院.
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赤腳學院歡迎你來.
05:23
That is where we want you to try crazy ideas思路.
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這裡是一個讓你創造和嘗試新想法的地方.
05:26
Whatever隨你 idea理念 you have, come and try it.
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不管是什麼樣的想法, 都可以來嘗試.
05:28
It doesn't matter if you fail失敗.
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失敗也沒關係.
05:30
Battered受虐, bruised傷痕累累, you start開始 again.
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因為你可以重來.
05:33
It's the only college學院 where the teacher老師 is the learner學習者
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這是唯一一所讓老師當學生
05:36
and the learner學習者 is the teacher老師.
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讓學生當老師的大學.
05:39
And it's the only college學院 where we don't give a certificate證書.
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同時也是唯一一所不發證書的大學.
05:42
You are certified認證 by the community社區 you serve服務.
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你的教育是留給社區來鑒定.
05:45
You don't need a paper to hang on the wall
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你不需要掛張紙在牆上
05:47
to show顯示 that you are an engineer工程師.
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來證明你是名工程師.
05:52
So when I said that,
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當村民聽到我這些話時,
05:54
they said, "Well show顯示 us what is possible可能. What are you doing?
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他們說:"你還是用行動來展示你的計畫吧.
05:57
This is all mumbo-jumbo天書 if you can't show顯示 it on the ground地面."
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如果你什麼都不做, 這些話一點意義都沒有."
06:01
So we built內置 the first Barefoot赤腳 College學院
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1986年
06:04
in 1986.
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第一所赤腳學院建成了.
06:07
It was built內置 by 12 Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師
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12名建築師
06:09
who can't read and write,
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沒有一個認識字,
06:11
built內置 on $1.50 a sq平方. ftFT.
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以每平方英尺$1.5的成本修建了這所學院.
06:14
150 people lived生活 there, worked工作 there.
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150個人在那裡工作和居住.
06:18
They got the Aga阿迦 Khan Award for Architecture建築 in 2002.
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2002年時他們榮獲了阿迦汗建築獎.
06:21
But then they suspected嫌疑, they thought there was an architect建築師 behind背後 it.
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但評委有持疑, 他們認為有另外的建築師參與修建.
06:24
I said, "Yes, they made製作 the blueprints藍圖,
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我告訴他們:"的確有, 他們只畫設計圖,
06:26
but the Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師 actually其實 constructed the college學院."
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只有赤腳學院的建築師參與了修建."
06:31
We are the only ones那些 who actually其實 returned the award for $50,000,
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我們是唯一將$50000獎金歸還的得獎者,
06:34
because they didn't believe us,
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因為他們不相信我們
06:36
and we thought that they were actually其實 casting鑄件 aspersions中傷
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而且我們覺得他們的懷疑
06:40
on the Barefoot赤腳 architects建築師 of TiloniaTilonia.
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是對赤腳學院建築師的一種誹謗.
06:43
I asked a forester護林員 --
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我問一位林務員
06:45
high-powered高功率, paper-qualified紙合格 expert專家 --
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一位有權威, 有證書的專家
06:48
I said, "What can you build建立 in this place地點?"
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"你可以在這裡修建什麼?"
06:51
He had one look at the soil and said, "Forget忘記 it. No way.
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他看了看泥土, 說:"算了吧. 不可能.
06:53
Not even worth價值 it.
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根本不值得.
06:55
No water, rocky岩石 soil."
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沒水, 而且還都是岩石地."
06:57
I was in a bit of a spot.
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我有點開始擔憂.
06:59
And I said, "Okay, I'll go to the old man in village
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我說:"好吧, 那我找村裡的長老問問."
07:01
and say, 'What'什麼 should I grow增長 in this spot?'"
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讓他告訴我這裡可以種些什麼.
07:04
He looked看著 quietly悄悄 at me and said,
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他看了看我說,
07:06
"You build建立 this, you build建立 this, you put this, and it'll它會 work."
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"你只需要建這個, 建這個, 放這個."
07:08
This is what it looks容貌 like today今天.
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現今的狀況就是這樣.
07:12
Went to the roof屋頂,
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你到屋頂上,
07:14
and all the women婦女 said, "Clear明確 out.
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所有的婦女都會對你說,"出去.
07:16
The men男人 should clear明確 out because we don't want to share分享 this technology技術 with the men男人.
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男士不能上來因為我們不和他們分享這個技術.
07:19
This is waterproofing防水 the roof屋頂."
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這是房頂是防水的."
07:21
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
07:23
It is a bit of jaggery粗糖, a bit of urensurens
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建造屋頂的材料有棕櫚糖, 蕁麻
07:26
and a bit of other things I don't know.
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其它的我不清楚.
07:28
But it actually其實 doesn't leak洩漏.
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但它的確防水.
07:30
Since以來 1986, it hasn't有沒有 leaked洩露.
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1986到現在都沒漏過.
07:33
This technology技術, the women婦女 will not share分享 with the men男人.
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這項技術, 婦女不會和男士分享.
07:36
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
07:39
It's the only college學院
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這是唯一一所
07:41
which哪一個 is fully充分 solar-electrified太陽能電氣化.
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完全使用太陽能的學校.
07:45
All the power功率 comes from the sun太陽.
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能源來自太陽.
07:47
45 kilowatts千瓦 of panels面板 on the roof屋頂.
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45千瓦的房頂板.
07:49
And everything works作品 off the sun太陽 for the next下一個 25 years年份.
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今後的25年有太陽就夠了.
07:51
So long as the sun太陽 shines,
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所以只要有陽光,
07:53
we'll have no problem問題 with power功率.
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我們就不怕沒能源.
07:55
But the beauty美女 is
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但其獨特之處
07:57
that is was installed安裝
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是它的修建者
08:00
by a priest牧師, a Hindu印度教 priest牧師,
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是一位印度教的牧師,
08:03
who's誰是 only doneDONE eight years年份 of primary schooling教育 --
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只有8年的教育
08:06
never been to school學校, never been to college學院.
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從沒上過學, 沒念過大學.
08:09
He knows知道 more about solar太陽能
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我敢保證
08:11
than anyone任何人 I know anywhere隨地 in the world世界 guaranteed保證.
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他在太陽能方面的知識是世界第一.
08:17
Food餐飲, if you come to the Barefoot赤腳 College學院,
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赤腳學院的食物
08:19
is solar太陽能 cooked.
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都是靠太陽能.
08:22
But the people who fabricated製造 that solar太陽能 cooker
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而太陽能烹調器具的製造者
08:25
are women婦女,
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是女性,
08:28
illiterate文盲 women婦女,
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不識字的女性,
08:30
who actually其實 fabricate製造
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她們組裝了
08:32
the most sophisticated複雜的 solar太陽能 cooker.
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最先進的太陽能烹調器具.
08:34
It's a parabolic拋物線 Scheffler舍夫勒 solar太陽能 cooker.
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它是無需廚師的碗碟狀的器具.
08:40
Unfortunately不幸, they're almost幾乎 half German德語,
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不幸地是, 它們幾乎有一半德國血統,
08:44
they're so precise精確.
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所以非常精確.
08:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
08:48
You'll你會 never find Indian印度人 women婦女 so precise精確.
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你不可能找到如此精確的印度女性.
08:52
Absolutely絕對 to the last inch英寸,
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而器具的整個製作
08:54
they can make that cooker.
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都是靠她們.
08:56
And we have 60 meals twice兩次 a day
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我們每日兩餐飯, 一餐60份
08:58
of solar太陽能 cooking烹飪.
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烹調完全是靠太陽能.
09:00
We have a dentist牙醫 --
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學校有一位牙醫
09:02
she's a grandmother祖母, illiterate文盲, who's誰是 a dentist牙醫.
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她是一位阿嬤, 不識字, 但真的是牙醫.
09:05
She actually其實 looks容貌 after the teeth
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她的實際工作是幫7000名兒童
09:07
of 7,000 children孩子.
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檢查牙齒.
09:11
Barefoot赤腳 technology技術:
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赤腳科技:
09:13
this was 1986 -- no engineer工程師, no architect建築師 thought of it --
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1986的時候, 沒有任何工程師和建築師
09:16
but we are collecting蒐集 rainwater雨水 from the roofs屋頂.
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可以想到我們會用房頂來採集雨水.
09:19
Very little water is wasted浪費.
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只有少量水源流失.
09:21
All the roofs屋頂 are connected連接的 underground地下
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房頂是連在地下的
09:23
to a 400,000 liter tank坦克,
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一個有40萬升容量的水箱,
09:25
and no water is wasted浪費.
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所以沒有水會浪費.
09:27
If we have four years年份 of drought乾旱, we still have water on the campus校園,
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即使發生四年的乾旱, 我們學校也不會缺水,
09:30
because we collect蒐集 rainwater雨水.
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因我們收藏了雨水.
09:32
60 percent百分 of children孩子 don't go to school學校,
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60%的小孩不會上學,
09:35
because they have to look after animals動物 --
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因為要替家裡
09:37
sheep, goats山羊 --
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照顧山羊, 綿羊,
09:39
domestic國內 chores瑣事.
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還有其它的家庭雜務.
09:41
So we thought of starting開始 a school學校
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我決定要為這些孩子
09:44
at night for the children孩子.
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建一間夜校.
09:46
Because the night schools學校 of TiloniaTilonia,
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因為這些當地的夜校,
09:48
over 75,000 children孩子 have gone走了 through通過 these night schools學校.
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超過7萬5千的小孩都得到了上學的機會.
09:51
Because it's for the convenience方便 of the child兒童;
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因為夜校考慮到孩子們的需求;
09:53
it's not for the convenience方便 of the teacher老師.
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而不是老師們的需求.
09:55
And what do we teach in these schools學校?
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這些學校教什麼呢?
09:57
Democracy民主, citizenship國籍,
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民主, 公民權力,
09:59
how you should measure測量 your land土地,
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應該怎麼去測量你的領土,
10:02
what you should do if you're arrested被捕,
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被捕了應該怎麼辦,
10:04
what you should do if your animal動物 is sick生病.
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你的家畜病了怎麼辦.
10:08
This is what we teach in the night schools學校.
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我們夜校教得就是這些知識.
10:10
But all the schools學校 are solar-lit太陽能照明.
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所有的學校還是借助太陽能.
10:13
Every一切 five years年份
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每到5年,
10:15
we have an election選舉.
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我們舉行一次選舉.
10:17
Between之間 six to 14 year-old children孩子
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在年紀6歲到14歲的兒童
10:21
participate參加 in a democratic民主的 process處理,
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都可參與這個民主選舉,
10:24
and they elect a prime主要 minister部長.
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他們選一個總理.
10:28
The prime主要 minister部長 is 12 years年份 old.
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現在的總理只有12歲.
10:32
She looks容貌 after 20 goats山羊 in the morning早上,
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她早上照看20隻羊,
10:34
but she's prime主要 minister部長 in the evening晚間.
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但晚上她的職務是總理.
10:37
She has a cabinet內閣,
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她有自己的內閣,
10:39
a minister部長 of education教育, a minister部長 for energy能源, a minister部長 for health健康.
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教育部部長, 能源部部長, 衛生部部長.
10:42
And they actually其實 monitor監控 and supervise監督
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他們負責監督和管理
10:44
150 schools學校 for 7,000 children孩子.
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150所學校的7000名學生.
10:49
She got the World's世界 Children's兒童 Prize five years年份 ago,
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五年前這位總理拿到了世界兒童獎,
10:51
and she went to Sweden瑞典.
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她去了瑞典領獎.
10:53
First time ever going out of her village.
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第一次離開她在的村.
10:55
Never seen看到 Sweden瑞典.
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從沒見過瑞典.
10:58
Wasn't dazzled眼花繚亂 at all by what was happening事件.
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對當時的場面一點都不驚訝.
11:00
And the Queen女王 of Sweden瑞典, who's誰是 there,
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瑞典皇后當時也在,
11:02
turned轉身 to me and said, "Can you ask this child兒童 where she got her confidence置信度 from?
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她問我:"你能不能問問這個孩子她是哪來的自信?
11:05
She's only 12 years年份 old,
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她才12歲,
11:07
and she's not dazzled眼花繚亂 by anything."
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但完全不驚羨."
11:10
And the girl女孩, who's誰是 on her left,
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而這個站在她走邊的小女孩,
11:13
turned轉身 to me and looked看著 at the queen女王 straight直行 in the eye
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轉向我, 直視皇后,
11:16
and said, "Please tell her I'm the prime主要 minister部長."
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她說:"告訴她我是總理."
11:19
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
11:21
(Applause掌聲)
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掌聲
11:29
Where the percentage百分比 of illiteracy文盲 is very high,
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在文盲率太高的地方
11:33
we use puppetry木偶戲.
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我們用木偶戲.
11:36
Puppets木偶 is the way we communicate通信.
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木偶戲就成了我們的溝通方式.
11:45
You have JokhimJokhim Chacha茶茶
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這個300歲的木偶
11:48
who is 300 years年份 old.
256
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叫喬金查查.
11:52
He is my psychoanalyst心理醫生. He is my teacher老師.
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他是我的心裡分析師. 我的老師.
11:55
He's my doctor醫生. He's my lawyer律師.
258
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我的醫生. 我的律師.
11:57
He's my donor捐贈者.
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我的捐贈者.
11:59
He actually其實 raises加薪 money,
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2000
他幫助籌款,
12:01
solves解決了 my disputes爭議.
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解決爭執.
12:04
He solves解決了 my problems問題 in the village.
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還幫助解決村裡的問題.
12:07
If there's tension張力 in the village,
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如果村裡發生一些矛盾,
12:09
if attendance at the schools學校 goes down
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如果來上課人數越來越少
12:11
and there's a friction摩擦 between之間 the teacher老師 and the parent,
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如果老師和家長方面有衝突,
12:13
the puppet木偶 calls電話 the teacher老師 and the parent in front面前 of the whole整個 village
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木偶會請老師和家長
12:16
and says, "Shake hands.
267
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在全村面前, “握手.
12:18
The attendance must必須 not drop下降."
268
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蹺課人數不能增加."
12:22
These puppets木偶
269
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這些木偶
12:24
are made製作 out of recycled回收 World世界 Bank銀行 reports報告.
270
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2000
用的是回收的世界銀行的報告紙.
12:26
(Laughter笑聲)
271
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2000
笑聲
12:28
(Applause掌聲)
272
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7000
鼓掌
12:35
So this decentralized分散, demystified揭秘 approach途徑
273
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這個分散的, 簡單的
12:39
of solar-electrifying太陽能帶電 villages村莊,
274
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2000
借助太陽能為村裡提供電力的方法,
12:41
we've我們已經 covered覆蓋 all over India印度
275
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2000
已經在全印度傳開
12:43
from Ladakh拉達克 up to Bhutan不丹 --
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從拉達克到不丹
12:48
all solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 villages村莊
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2000
所有使用太陽能電力的鄉村
12:50
by people who have been trained熟練.
278
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都是由受過培訓的人修建.
12:54
And we went to Ladakh拉達克,
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2000
我去了拉達克,
12:56
and we asked this woman女人 --
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問了一位當地的婦女
12:58
this, at minus減去 40, you have to come out of the roof屋頂,
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在這裡,零下40度,你只能走到屋頂上
13:01
because there's no place地點, it was all snowed下雪 up on both sides雙方 --
282
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3000
因為沒有地方, 兩面都被雪給覆蓋了
13:04
and we asked this woman女人,
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2000
當我們問她:
13:06
"What was the benefit效益 you had
284
771000
2000
“用太陽能發電
13:08
from solar太陽能 electricity電力?"
285
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2000
對你有什麼好處?"
13:10
And she thought for a minute分鐘 and said,
286
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她思考了一下回答說:
13:12
"It's the first time I can see my husband's丈夫 face面對 in winter冬季."
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4000
"這是我能第一次能在冬天看到我丈夫的面孔."
13:16
(Laughter笑聲)
288
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笑聲
13:19
Went to Afghanistan阿富汗.
289
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2000
來到阿富汗.
13:21
One lesson we learned學到了 in India印度
290
786000
5000
我們從印度明白了一件事
13:26
was men男人 are untrainableuntrainable.
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4000
男人是教不會的.
13:30
(Laughter笑聲)
292
795000
4000
笑聲
13:34
Men男人 are restless不安,
293
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2000
他們不願意休息,
13:36
men男人 are ambitious有雄心,
294
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雄心勃勃,
13:38
men男人 are compulsively強制 mobile移動,
295
803000
3000
易衝動,
13:41
and they all want a certificate證書.
296
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2000
而且都想要證書.
13:43
(Laughter笑聲)
297
808000
2000
笑聲
13:45
All across橫過 the globe地球, you have this tendency趨勢
298
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在世界各地, 你會發現
13:48
of men男人 wanting希望 a certificate證書.
299
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2000
所有人的男性都想要一張證書.
13:50
Why? Because they want to leave離開 the village
300
815000
3000
為什麼? 因為他們想離開村裡
13:53
and go to a city, looking for a job工作.
301
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3000
到城市去找工作.
13:56
So we came來了 up with a great solution:
302
821000
3000
我們想到了一個好辦法:
13:59
train培養 grandmothers祖母.
303
824000
2000
訓練阿嬤們.
14:03
What's the best最好 way of communicating通信
304
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2000
如今世上
14:05
in the world世界 today今天?
305
830000
2000
最好的溝通方式是什麼?
14:07
Television電視? No.
306
832000
2000
電視? 不是.
14:09
Telegraph電報? No.
307
834000
2000
電信? 不是.
14:11
Telephone電話? No.
308
836000
2000
電話? 不是.
14:13
Tell a woman女人.
309
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2000
是向女士傾訴.
14:15
(Laughter笑聲)
310
840000
3000
笑聲
14:18
(Applause掌聲)
311
843000
4000
掌聲
14:22
So we went to Afghanistan阿富汗 for the first time,
312
847000
2000
我們第一次來到阿富汗,
14:24
and we picked採摘的 three women婦女
313
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2000
選了三位女士
14:26
and said, "We want to take them to India印度."
314
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2000
"我們想把她們帶到印度."
14:28
They said, "Impossible不可能. They don't even go out of their rooms客房,
315
853000
2000
”不可能. 她們連自己的房間都不出,
14:30
and you want to take them to India印度."
316
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2000
怎麼會跟你去印度."
14:32
I said, "I'll make a concession讓步. I'll take the husbands丈夫 along沿 as well."
317
857000
2000
我說:"我可以做一次妥協. 她們的丈夫可以一起來."
14:34
So I took the husbands丈夫 along沿.
318
859000
2000
結果我把丈夫也帶走了.
14:36
Of course課程, the women婦女 were much more intelligent智能 than the men男人.
319
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當然, 這些女士比男士更有智慧.
14:39
In six months個月,
320
864000
2000
在6個月之內,
14:41
how do we train培養 these women婦女?
321
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我們怎樣才能改變這些女士?
14:44
Sign標誌 language語言.
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手語.
14:46
You don't choose選擇 the written書面 word.
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不用寫
14:49
You don't choose選擇 the spoken word.
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不用說
14:51
You use sign標誌 language語言.
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只用比.
14:54
And in six months個月
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在6個月後
14:56
they can become成為 solar太陽能 engineers工程師.
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她們就成為了太陽能工程師.
15:00
They go back and solar-electrify太陽能通電 their own擁有 village.
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回到村裡用太陽能發電.
15:03
This woman女人 went back
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當這些女士回家後
15:05
and solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 the first village,
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她們用太陽能為第一所村莊提供電力,
15:08
set up a workshop作坊 --
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開辦講習班
15:10
the first village ever to be solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 in Afghanistan阿富汗
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阿富汗的第一個靠太陽能發電的村莊
15:13
[was] by the three women婦女.
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就是靠三位女士親手修建的.
15:16
This woman女人
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這位女士
15:18
is an extraordinary非凡 grandmother祖母.
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是個不同尋常的阿嬤.
15:20
55 years年份 old, and she's solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 200 houses房屋 for me in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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55歲了, 已為阿富汗的200座房屋提供了太陽能供電.
15:25
And they haven't沒有 collapsed倒塌.
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而且沒有一座倒塌.
15:28
She actually其實 went and spoke to an engineering工程 department in Afghanistan阿富汗
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這位阿嬤去了阿富汗的工程部演講
15:31
and told the head of the department
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並告訴系主任
15:33
the difference區別 between之間 ACAC and DCDC.
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交流電和直流電的區別.
15:35
He didn't know.
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那個部長對此不了解.
15:37
Those three women婦女 have trained熟練 27 more women婦女
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那三位女士培訓了另外的27位女士
15:40
and solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 100 villages村莊 in Afghanistan阿富汗.
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而且為阿富汗的100座村提供了太陽能發電.
15:43
We went to Africa非洲,
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我們來到非洲,
15:46
and we did the same相同 thing.
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做了同樣的事.
15:48
All these women婦女 sitting坐在 at one table from eight, nine countries國家,
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這些坐在桌前的婦女來自8-9個國家
15:51
all chatting聊天的 to each other, not understanding理解 a word,
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互相交談, 但說得都是不同的語言,
15:54
because they're all speaking請講 a different不同 language語言.
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因為聽不懂對方.
15:56
But their body身體 language語言 is great.
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但她們的肢體語言超讚.
15:58
They're speaking請講 to each other
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她們互相交談
16:00
and actually其實 becoming變得 solar太陽能 engineers工程師.
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對話的過程中已漸漸成為太陽能工程師.
16:02
I went to Sierra內華達 Leone塞拉利昂,
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我去了獅子山共和國,
16:05
and there was this minister部長 driving主動 down in the dead of night --
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坐在首相的車裡
16:08
comes across橫過 this village.
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夜晚穿過了這個村.
16:10
Comes back, goes into the village, says, "Well what's the story故事?"
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回到村裡後, "這裡發生了什麼事?"
16:13
They said, "These two grandmothers祖母 ... "
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他們說:“這兩位阿嬤..."
16:15
"Grandmothers祖母?" The minister部長 couldn't不能 believe what was happening事件.
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"阿嬤?" 首相不敢相信這一切.
16:18
"Where did they go?" "Went to India印度 and back."
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她們去了哪裡? 去了印度後回國"
16:21
Went straight直行 to the president主席.
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首相找到總統
16:23
He said, "Do you know there's a solar-electrified太陽能電氣化 village in Sierra內華達 Leone塞拉利昂?"
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問:"你知不知道我們國家有一個靠太陽能發電的村?"
16:25
He said, "No." Half the cabinet內閣 went to see the grandmothers祖母 the next下一個 day.
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總統說:"不知道. ” 內閣一半的成員第二天都去拜訪了這些阿嬤.
16:28
"What's the story故事."
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“怎麼辦到的?"
16:30
So he summoned傳喚 me and said, "Can you train培養 me 150 grandmothers祖母?"
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總統傳喚了我, ”能不能幫我培訓150位阿嬤?"
16:34
I said, "I can't, Mr先生. President主席.
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我說:"總統大人, 我不行.
16:36
But they will. The grandmothers祖母 will."
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但這些阿嬤們做得到.”
16:38
So he built內置 me the first Barefoot赤腳 training訓練 center中央 in Sierra內華達 Leone塞拉利昂.
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總統為我在獅子山共和國修建了第一所赤腳培訓中心.
16:41
And 150 grandmothers祖母 have been trained熟練 in Sierra內華達 Leone塞拉利昂.
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之後有150位阿嬤在獅子山共和國接受訓練.
16:45
Gambia岡比亞:
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在甘比亞:
16:47
we went to select選擇 a grandmother祖母 in Gambia岡比亞.
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我們在甘比亞挑選了一位阿嬤.
16:50
Went to this village.
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去了她在的村.
16:52
I knew知道 which哪一個 woman女人 I would like to take.
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我知道哪些女士我應該帶走.
16:54
The community社區 got together一起 and said, "Take these two women婦女."
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整個村裡的人都說:"把她們二人帶走吧."
16:57
I said, "No, I want to take this woman女人."
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我說:"不, 我想帶這位女士."
16:59
They said, "Why? She doesn't know the language語言. You don't know her."
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他們問:"為甚麼? 你和她無法溝通. 你又不認識她."
17:01
I said, "I like the body身體 language語言. I like the way she speaks說話."
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我回答:"我喜歡用比的, 也喜歡她說話的方式."
17:04
"Difficult husband丈夫; not possible可能."
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“她丈夫很龜毛."
17:06
Called the husband丈夫, the husband丈夫 came來了,
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把丈夫叫來了,
17:08
swaggering大搖大擺, politician政治家, mobile移動 in his hand. "Not possible可能."
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大搖大擺, 像個政客, 手裡拿著手機."
17:11
"Why not?" "The woman女人, look how beautiful美麗 she is."
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"為什麼?" "看看我老婆多漂亮."
17:14
I said, "Yeah, she is very beautiful美麗."
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我說:"是, 她很漂亮沒錯."
17:16
"What happens發生 if she runs運行 off with an Indian印度人 man?"
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丈夫說:"如果她跟個印度男人私奔的話怎麼辦?"
17:18
That was his biggest最大 fear恐懼.
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這是他最大的擔憂.
17:20
I said, "She'll貝殼 be happy快樂. She'll貝殼 ring you up on the mobile移動."
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我說:"她會開心的. 每天都打電話給你."
17:23
She went like a grandmother祖母
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她離開時像位阿嬤
17:26
and came來了 back like a tiger.
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回來之後就像隻老虎.
17:28
She walked out of the plane平面
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下了飛機
17:30
and spoke to the whole整個 press as if she was a veteran老將.
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像位老兵一樣接受記者們的採訪.
17:33
She handled處理 the national國民 press,
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她成功地應付了整個媒體,
17:36
and she was a star.
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成為了一位明星.
17:38
And when I went back six months個月 later後來, I said, "Where's哪裡 your husband丈夫?"
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我6個月後回到了她的村, "你丈夫不在嗎?"
17:41
"Oh, somewhere某處. It doesn't matter."
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她說“應該在某個地方.我懶得管他."
17:43
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
17:45
Success成功 story故事.
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典型的成功例子.
17:47
(Laughter笑聲)
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笑聲
17:49
(Applause掌聲)
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鼓掌
17:52
I'll just wind up by saying
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最後, 我想說
17:58
that I think you don't have to look for solutions解決方案 outside.
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你不用到外面找解決的方法.
18:02
Look for solutions解決方案 within.
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在內部找找看.
18:04
And listen to people. They have the solutions解決方案 in front面前 of you.
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聽聽有解決方法的人的話.
18:07
They're all over the world世界.
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他們在世界各地都能找到.
18:09
Don't even worry擔心.
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不用煩惱.
18:11
Don't listen to the World世界 Bank銀行, listen to the people on the ground地面.
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不要相信世界銀行, 相信那些普通人.
18:14
They have all the solutions解決方案 in the world世界.
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他們知道怎樣來解決任何問題.
18:17
I'll end結束 with a quotation行情 by Mahatma聖雄 Gandhi甘地.
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最後我用聖雄甘地的一句話.
18:20
"First they ignore忽視 you,
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"他們一開始忽視你,
18:22
then they laugh at you,
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然後嘲笑你,
18:24
then they fight鬥爭 you,
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然後和你鬥爭,
18:26
and then you win贏得."
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最後的贏家是你."
18:28
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
18:30
(Applause掌聲)
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掌聲
Translated by Chunda Zeng
Reviewed by Jenny Yang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bunker Roy - Educator
Sanjit “Bunker” Roy is the founder of Barefoot College, which helps rural communities becomes self-sufficient.

Why you should listen

Development projects the world over run into one crucial point: For a project to live on, it needs to be organic, owned and sustained by those it serves. In 1972,  Sanjit “Bunker” Roy founded the Barefoot College, in the village of Tilonia in Rajasthan, India, with just this mission: to provide basic services and solutions in rural communities with the objective of making them self-sufficient. These “barefoot solutions” can be broadly categorized into solar energy, water, education, health care, rural handicrafts, people’s action, communication, women’s empowerment and wasteland development. The Barefoot College education program, for instance, teaches literacy and also skills, encouraging learning-by-doing. (Literacy is only part of it.)  Bunker’s organization has also successfully trained grandmothers from Africa and the Himalayan region to be solar engineers so they can bring electricity to their remote villages.

As he says, Barefoot College is "a place of learning and unlearning: where the teacher is the learner and the learner is the teacher."

More profile about the speaker
Bunker Roy | Speaker | TED.com