ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com
TED2012

Susan Cain: The power of introverts

苏珊·凯恩:内向性格的力量

Filmed:
25,516,646 views

在社交和外向性格备受推崇的文化中,成为内向的人可能会很难,这甚至是可耻的。但是,当你聆听苏珊·凯恩激情澎湃的演讲时,你会发现内向的人给这个世界带来了惊人的天赋和能力,这是值得鼓励和庆祝的。
- Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When I was nine years年份 old
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当我九岁的时候
00:17
I went off to summer夏季 camp for the first time.
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我第一次去参加夏令营
00:19
And my mother母亲 packed打包 me a suitcase手提箱
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我妈妈帮我整理好了我的行李箱
00:21
full充分 of books图书,
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里面塞满了书
00:23
which哪一个 to me seemed似乎 like a perfectly完美 natural自然 thing to do.
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这对于我来说是一件极为自然的事情
00:25
Because in my family家庭,
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因为在我的家庭里
00:27
reading was the primary group activity活动.
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阅读是主要的家庭活动
00:30
And this might威力 sound声音 antisocial反社会的 to you,
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听上去你们可能觉得我们是不爱交际的
00:32
but for us it was really just a different不同 way of being存在 social社会.
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但是对于我的家庭来说这真的只是接触社会的另一种途径
00:35
You have the animal动物 warmth热情 of your family家庭
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你们有自己家庭接触时的温暖亲情
00:37
sitting坐在 right next下一个 to you,
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家人静坐在你身边
00:39
but you are also free自由 to go roaming漫游 around the adventureland探险世界
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但是你也可以自由地漫游
00:41
inside your own拥有 mind心神.
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在你思维深处的冒险乐园里
00:43
And I had this idea理念
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我有一个想法
00:45
that camp was going to be just like this, but better.
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野营会变得像这样子,当然要更好些
00:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:50
I had a vision视力 of 10 girls女孩 sitting坐在 in a cabin
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我想象到十个女孩坐在一个小屋里
00:53
cozily舒适地 reading books图书 in their matching匹配 nightgowns睡衣.
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都穿着合身的女式睡衣惬意地享受着读书的过程
00:55
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:57
Camp was more like a keg party派对 without any alcohol.
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野营这时更像是一个不提供酒水的派对聚会
01:00
And on the very first day
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在第一天的时候呢
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our counselor顾问 gathered云集 us all together一起
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我们的顾问把我们都集合在一起
01:05
and she taught us a cheer欢呼 that she said we would be doing
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并且她教会了我们一种今后要用到的庆祝方式
01:07
every一切 day for the rest休息 of the summer夏季
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在余下夏令营的每一天中
01:09
to instill灌输 camp spirit精神.
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让“露营精神”浸润我们
01:11
And it went like this:
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之后它就像这样继续着
01:13
"R-O-W-D-I-EROWDIE,
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R-O-W-D-I-E
01:15
that's the way we spell拼写 rowdierowdie.
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这是我们拼写“吵闹"的口号
01:17
RowdieRowdie, rowdierowdie, let's get rowdierowdie."
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我们唱着“噪音,喧闹,我们要变得吵一点”
01:22
Yeah.
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对,就是这样
01:24
So I couldn't不能 figure数字 out for the life of me
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可我就是弄不明白我的生活会是什么样的
01:26
why we were supposed应该 to be so rowdy吵闹的,
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为什么我们变得这么吵闹粗暴
01:28
or why we had to spell拼写 this word incorrectly不正确.
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或者为什么我们非要把这个单词错误地拼写
01:31
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:37
But I recited引用 a cheer欢呼. I recited引用 a cheer欢呼 along沿 with everybody每个人 else其他.
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但是我可没有忘记庆祝。我与每个人都互相欢呼庆祝了
01:40
I did my best最好.
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我尽了我最大的努力
01:42
And I just waited等待 for the time
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我只是想等待那一刻
01:44
that I could go off and read my books图书.
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我可以离开吵闹的聚会去捧起我挚爱的书
01:47
But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase手提箱,
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但是当我第一次把书从行李箱中拿出来的时候
01:49
the coolest最酷 girl女孩 in the bunk假寐 came来了 up to me
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床铺中最酷的那个女孩向我走了过来
01:51
and she asked me, "Why are you being存在 so mellow醇厚?" --
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并且她问我:“为什么你要这么安静?”
01:54
mellow醇厚, of course课程, being存在 the exact精确 opposite对面
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安静,当然,是R-O-W-D-I-E的反义词
01:56
of R-O-W-D-I-EROWDIE.
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“喧闹”的反义词
01:58
And then the second第二 time I tried试着 it,
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而当我第二次拿书的时候
02:00
the counselor顾问 came来了 up to me with a concerned关心 expression表达 on her face面对
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我们的顾问满脸忧虑的向我走了过来
02:03
and she repeated重复 the point about camp spirit精神
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接着她重复了关于“露营精神”的要点
02:05
and said we should all work very hard
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并且说我们都应当努力
02:07
to be outgoing传出.
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去变得外向些
02:09
And so I put my books图书 away,
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于是我放好我的书
02:12
back in their suitcase手提箱,
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放回了属于它们的行李箱中
02:15
and I put them under my bed,
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并且我把它们放到了床底下
02:19
and there they stayed for the rest休息 of the summer夏季.
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在那里它们度过了暑假余下的每一天
02:21
And I felt kind of guilty有罪 about this.
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我对这样做感到很愧疚
02:23
I felt as if the books图书 needed需要 me somehow不知何故,
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不知为什么我感觉这些书是需要我的
02:25
and they were calling调用 out to me and I was forsaking撇下 them.
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它们在呼唤我,但是我却放弃了它们
02:28
But I did forsake背叛 them and I didn't open打开 that suitcase手提箱 again
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我确实放下了它们,并且我再也没有打开那个箱子
02:30
until直到 I was back home with my family家庭
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直到我和我的家人一起回到家中
02:32
at the end结束 of the summer夏季.
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在夏末的时候
02:34
Now, I tell you this story故事 about summer夏季 camp.
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现在,我向你们讲述这个夏令营的故事
02:37
I could have told you 50 others其他 just like it --
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我完全可以给你们讲出其他50种版本就像这个一样的故事--
02:40
all the times that I got the message信息
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每当我感觉到这样的时候
02:42
that somehow不知何故 my quiet安静 and introverted内敛 style样式 of being存在
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它告诉我出于某种原因,我的宁静和内向的风格
02:46
was not necessarily一定 the right way to go,
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并不是正确道路上的必需品
02:48
that I should be trying to pass通过 as more of an extrovert个性外向的.
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我应该更多地尝试一个外向者的角色
02:51
And I always sensed感应 deep down that this was wrong错误
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而在我内心深处感觉得到,这是错误的
02:54
and that introverts内向的人 were pretty漂亮 excellent优秀 just as they were.
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内向的人们都是非常优秀的,确实是这样
02:56
But for years年份 I denied否认 this intuition直觉,
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但是许多年来我都否认了这种直觉
02:59
and so I became成为 a Wall Street lawyer律师, of all things,
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于是我首先成为了华尔街的一名律师
03:02
instead代替 of the writer作家 that I had always longed渴望 to be --
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而不是我长久以来想要成为的一名作家
03:05
partly部分地 because I needed需要 to prove证明 to myself
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一部分原因是因为我想要证明自己
03:07
that I could be bold胆大 and assertive断言的 too.
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也可以变得勇敢而坚定
03:09
And I was always going off to crowded bars酒吧
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并且我总是去那些拥挤的酒吧
03:11
when I really would have preferred首选 to just have a nice不错 dinner晚餐 with friends朋友.
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当我只是想要和朋友们吃一顿愉快的晚餐时
03:14
And I made制作 these self-negating自我否定 choices选择
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我做出了这些自我否认的抉择
03:17
so reflexively本能,
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如条件反射一般
03:19
that I wasn't even aware知道的 that I was making制造 them.
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甚至我都不清楚我做出了这些决定
03:22
Now this is what many许多 introverts内向的人 do,
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这就是很多内向的人正在做的事情
03:24
and it's our loss失利 for sure,
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这当然是我们的损失
03:26
but it is also our colleagues'同事' loss失利
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但这同样也是同事们的损失
03:28
and our communities'社区 loss失利.
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我们所在团队集体的损失
03:30
And at the risk风险 of sounding听起来 grandiose雄伟, it is the world's世界 loss失利.
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当然,冒着被指为夸大其词的风险我想说,更是世界的损失
03:33
Because when it comes to creativity创造力 and to leadership领导,
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因为当涉及创造和领导的时候
03:36
we need introverts内向的人 doing what they do best最好.
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我们需要内向的人做到最好
03:39
A third第三 to a half of the population人口 are introverts内向的人 --
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三分之一到二分之一的人都是内向的--
03:41
a third第三 to a half.
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三分之一到二分之一
03:43
So that's one out of every一切 two or three people you know.
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你要知道这可意味着每两到三个人中就有一个内向的
03:46
So even if you're an extrovert个性外向的 yourself你自己,
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所以即使你自己是一个外向的人
03:49
I'm talking about your coworkers合作伙伴
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我正在说你的同事
03:51
and your spouses配偶 and your children孩子
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和你的配偶和你的孩子
03:53
and the person sitting坐在 next下一个 to you right now --
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还有现在正坐在你旁边的那个家伙--
03:56
all of them subject学科 to this bias偏压
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他们都要屈从于这样的偏见
03:58
that is pretty漂亮 deep and real真实 in our society社会.
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一种在我们的社会中已经扎根的现实偏见
04:00
We all internalize内在 it from a very early age年龄
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我们从很小的时候就把它藏在内心最深处
04:03
without even having a language语言 for what we're doing.
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甚至都不说几句话,关于我们正在做的事情
04:06
Now to see the bias偏压 clearly明确地
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现在让我们来清楚地看待这种偏见
04:08
you need to understand理解 what introversion内向 is.
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我们需要真正了解“内向”到底指什么
04:11
It's different不同 from being存在 shy害羞.
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它和害羞是不同的
04:13
Shyness害羞 is about fear恐惧 of social社会 judgment判断.
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害羞是对于社会评论的恐惧
04:15
Introversion内向 is more about,
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内向更多的是
04:17
how do you respond响应 to stimulation促进,
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你怎样对于刺激作出回应
04:19
including包含 social社会 stimulation促进.
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包括来自社会的刺激
04:21
So extroverts外向的人 really crave渴望 large amounts of stimulation促进,
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其实内向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激励的
04:24
whereas introverts内向的人 feel at their most alive
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反之内向者最感觉到他们的存在
04:26
and their most switched-on切换到 and their most capable
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这是他们精力最充足的时候,最具有能力的时候
04:28
when they're in quieter安静, more low-key低调 environments环境.
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当他们存在于更安静的,更低调的环境中
04:30
Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute绝对 --
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并不是所有时候--这些事情都不是绝对的--
04:32
but a lot of the time.
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但是存在于很多时候
04:34
So the key then
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所以说,关键在于
04:36
to maximizing最大化 our talents人才
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把我们的天赋发挥到最大化
04:39
is for us all to put ourselves我们自己
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这对于我们来说就足够把我们自己
04:41
in the zone of stimulation促进 that is right for us.
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放到对于我们正确又合适的激励的区域中去
04:44
But now here's这里的 where the bias偏压 comes in.
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但是现在偏见出现了
04:46
Our most important重要 institutions机构,
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我们最重要的那些体系
04:48
our schools学校 and our workplaces工作场所,
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我们的学校和工作单位
04:50
they are designed设计 mostly大多 for extroverts外向的人
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它们都是为性格外向者设计的
04:52
and for extroverts'外向的人 need for lots of stimulation促进.
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并且有适合他们需要的刺激和鼓励
04:55
And also we have this belief信仰 system系统 right now
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当然我们现在也有这样一种信用机制
04:59
that I call the new groupthink群体思维,
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我称它为新型的“团队思考”
05:01
which哪一个 holds持有 that all creativity创造力 and all productivity生产率
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这是一种包含所有创造力和生产力的思考方式
05:04
comes from a very oddly奇怪 gregarious群居 place地点.
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从一个社交非常零散的地方产生的
05:09
So if you picture图片 the typical典型 classroom课堂 nowadays如今:
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当你描绘今天典型教室的图案时
05:11
When I was going to school学校,
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当我还上学的时候
05:13
we satSAT in rows.
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我们一排排地坐着
05:15
We satSAT in rows of desks书桌 like this,
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我们靠着桌子一排排坐着就像这样
05:17
and we did most of our work pretty漂亮 autonomously自主.
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并且我们大多数工作都是自觉完成的
05:19
But nowadays如今, your typical典型 classroom课堂
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但是在现代社会,所谓典型的教室
05:21
has pods of desks书桌 --
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是些圈起来并排的桌子--
05:23
four or five or six or seven kids孩子 all facing面对 each other.
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四个或是五个或是六、七个孩子坐在一起,面对面
05:26
And kids孩子 are working加工 in countless无数 group assignments任务.
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孩子们要完成无数个小组任务
05:28
Even in subjects主题 like math数学 and creative创作的 writing写作,
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甚至像数学和创意写作这些课程
05:31
which哪一个 you think would depend依靠 on solo独奏 flights航班 of thought,
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这些你们认为需要依靠个人闪光想法的课程
05:34
kids孩子 are now expected预期 to act法案 as committee委员会 members会员.
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孩子们现在却被期待成为小组会的成员
05:38
And for the kids孩子 who prefer比较喜欢
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对于那些喜欢
05:40
to go off by themselves他们自己 or just to work alone单独,
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独处,或者自己一个人工作的孩子来说
05:42
those kids孩子 are seen看到 as outliers离群 often经常
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这些孩子常常被视为局外人
05:44
or, worse更差, as problem问题 cases.
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或者更糟,被视为问题孩子
05:48
And the vast广大 majority多数 of teachers教师 reports报告 believing相信
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并且很大一部分老师的报告中都相信
05:51
that the ideal理想 student学生 is an extrovert个性外向的
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最理想的学生应该是外向的
05:53
as opposed反对 to an introvert性格内向,
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相对于内向的学生而言
05:55
even though虽然 introverts内向的人 actually其实 get better grades等级
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甚至说外向的学生能够取得更好的成绩
05:57
and are more knowledgeable懂行,
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更加博学多识
05:59
according根据 to research研究.
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据研究报道
06:01
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
06:03
Okay, same相同 thing is true真正 in our workplaces工作场所.
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好了。同样的事情也发生在我们工作的地方
06:06
Now, most of us work in open打开 plan计划 offices办事处,
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现在呢,我们中的绝大多数都工作在宽阔没有隔间的办公室里
06:09
without walls墙壁,
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甚至没有墙
06:11
where we are subject学科
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在这里,我们暴露
06:13
to the constant不变 noise噪声 and gaze凝视 of our coworkers合作伙伴.
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在不断的噪音和我们同事的凝视目光下工作
06:15
And when it comes to leadership领导,
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而当谈及领袖气质的时候
06:17
introverts内向的人 are routinely常规 passed通过 over for leadership领导 positions位置,
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内向的人总是按照惯例从领导的位置被忽视了
06:19
even though虽然 introverts内向的人 tend趋向 to be very careful小心,
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尽管内向的人是非常小心仔细的
06:21
much less likely容易 to take outsize如雷贯耳 risks风险 --
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很少去冒特大的风险--
06:23
which哪一个 is something we might威力 all favor偏爱 nowadays如今.
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这些风险是今天我们可能都喜欢的
06:27
And interesting有趣 research研究 by Adam亚当 Grant格兰特 at the Wharton沃顿商学院 School学校
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宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的亚当·格兰特教授做了一项很有意思的研究
06:30
has found发现 that introverted内敛 leaders领导者
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这项研究表明内向的领导们
06:32
often经常 deliver交付 better outcomes结果 than extroverts外向的人 do,
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相对于外向领导而言总是会生产更大的效益
06:34
because when they are managing管理的 proactive主动 employees雇员,
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因为当他们管理主动积极的雇员的时候
06:37
they're much more likely容易 to let those employees雇员 run with their ideas思路,
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他们更倾向于让有主见的雇员去自由发挥
06:40
whereas an extrovert个性外向的 can, quite相当 unwittingly不知不觉,
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反之外向的领导就可能,当然是不经意的
06:42
get so excited兴奋 about things
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对于事情变得十分激动
06:44
that they're putting their own拥有 stamp邮票 on things,
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他们在事务上有了自己想法的印迹
06:46
and other people's人们 ideas思路 might威力 not as easily容易 then
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这使其他人的想法可能就不会很容易地
06:48
bubble泡沫 up to the surface表面.
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在舞台上发光了
06:51
Now in fact事实, some of our transformative变革 leaders领导者 in history历史 have been introverts内向的人.
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事实上,历史上一些有改革能力的领袖都是内向的人
06:54
I'll give you some examples例子.
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我会举一些例子给你们
06:56
Eleanor埃莉诺 Roosevelt罗斯福, Rosa罗莎 Parks公园, Gandhi甘地 --
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埃莉诺·罗斯福,罗沙·帕克斯,甘地 --
06:59
all these peopled人居住 described描述 themselves他们自己
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所有这些人都把自己描述成
07:01
as quiet安静 and soft-spoken轻声细语 and even shy害羞.
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内向,说话温柔甚至是害羞的人
07:04
And they all took the spotlight聚光灯,
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他们仍然站在了聚光灯下
07:06
even though虽然 every一切 bone in their bodies身体
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即使他们浑身上下
07:08
was telling告诉 them not to.
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都感知他们说不要
07:11
And this turns out to have a special特别 power功率 all its own拥有,
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这证明是一种属于它自身的特殊的力量
07:13
because people could feel that these leaders领导者 were at the helm,
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因为人们都会感觉这些领导者同时是掌舵者
07:16
not because they enjoyed享受 directing导演 others其他
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并不是因为他们喜欢指挥别人
07:18
and not out of the pleasure乐趣 of being存在 looked看着 at;
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抑或是享受众人目光的聚焦
07:20
they were there because they had no choice选择,
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他们处在那个位置因为他们没有选择
07:22
because they were driven驱动 to do what they thought was right.
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因为他们行驶在他们认为正确的道路上
07:26
Now I think at this point it's important重要 for me to say
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现在我觉得对于这点我有必要说
07:29
that I actually其实 love extroverts外向的人.
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那就是我真的喜爱外向的人
07:32
I always like to say some of my best最好 friends朋友 are extroverts外向的人,
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我总是喜欢说我最好的几个朋友都是外向的人
07:35
including包含 my beloved心爱 husband丈夫.
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包括我亲爱的丈夫
07:39
And we all fall秋季 at different不同 points, of course课程,
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当然了我们都会在不同点时偏向
07:41
along沿 the introvert性格内向/extrovert个性外向的 spectrum光谱.
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内向者/外向者的范围
07:44
Even Carl卡尔 Jung荣格, the psychologist心理学家 who first popularized推广 these terms条款, said
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甚至是卡尔·荣格,这个让这些名词为大众所熟知的心理学家,说道
07:47
that there's no such这样 thing as a pure introvert性格内向
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世上绝没有一个纯粹的内向的人
07:49
or a pure extrovert个性外向的.
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或者一个纯粹的外向的人
07:51
He said that such这样 a man would be in a lunatic疯子 asylum避难所,
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他说这样的人会在精神病院里
07:53
if he existed存在 at all.
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如果他存在的话
07:56
And some people fall秋季 smack拍击 in the middle中间
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还有一些人处在中间的迹象
07:58
of the introvert性格内向/extrovert个性外向的 spectrum光谱,
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在内向与外向之间
08:00
and we call these people ambivertsambiverts.
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我们称这些人为“中向性格者”
08:02
And I often经常 think that they have the best最好 of all worlds世界.
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并且我总是认为他们拥有世界最美好的一切
08:06
But many许多 of us do recognize认识 ourselves我们自己 as one type类型 or the other.
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但是我们中的大多数总是认为自己属于内向或者外向,其中一类
08:09
And what I'm saying is that culturally文化 we need a much better balance平衡.
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同时我想说从文化意义上讲我们需要一种更好的平衡
08:12
We need more of a yin and yang
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我们需要更多的阴阳的平衡
08:14
between之间 these two types类型.
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在这两种类型的人之间
08:16
This is especially特别 important重要
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这点是极为重要的
08:18
when it comes to creativity创造力 and to productivity生产率,
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当涉及创造力和生产力的时候
08:20
because when psychologists心理学家 look
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因为当心理学家们看待
08:22
at the lives生活 of the most creative创作的 people,
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最有创造力的人的生命的时候
08:24
what they find
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他们寻找到的
08:26
are people who are very good at exchanging交换 ideas思路
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是那些擅长变换思维的人
08:28
and advancing前进 ideas思路,
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提出想法的人
08:30
but who also have a serious严重 streak条纹 of introversion内向 in them.
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但是他们同时也有着极为显著的偏内向的痕迹
08:33
And this is because solitude孤独 is a crucial关键 ingredient成分 often经常
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这是因为独处是非常关键的因素
08:35
to creativity创造力.
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对于创造力来说
08:37
So Darwin达尔文,
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所以达尔文
08:39
he took long walks散步 alone单独 in the woods树木
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自己一个人漫步在小树林里
08:41
and emphatically重点 turned转身 down dinner晚餐 party派对 invitations邀请函.
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并且断然拒绝了晚餐派对的邀约
08:44
Theodor西奥多 Geisel盖泽尔, better known已知 as Dr博士. Seuss苏斯,
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西奥多·盖索,更多时候以苏索博士的名号知名
08:47
he dreamed梦见 up many许多 of his amazing惊人 creations创作
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他梦想过很多的惊人的创作
08:49
in a lonely孤独 bell tower office办公室 that he had
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在他在加利福尼亚州拉霍亚市房子的后面的
08:51
in the back of his house in La Jolla拉霍亚, California加州.
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一座孤独的束层的塔形办公室中
08:54
And he was actually其实 afraid害怕 to meet遇到
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而且其实他很害怕见面
08:56
the young年轻 children孩子 who read his books图书
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见那些读过他的书的年轻的孩子们
08:58
for fear恐惧 that they were expecting期待 him
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害怕他们会期待他
09:00
this kind of jolly欢乐 Santa圣诞老人 Claus-like克劳斯样 figure数字
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这样一位令人愉快的,圣诞老人形象的人物
09:02
and would be disappointed失望 with his more reserved保留的 persona人物.
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同时又会因发现他含蓄缄默的性格而失望
09:06
Steve史蒂夫 Wozniak沃兹尼亚克 invented发明 the first Apple苹果 computer电脑
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史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克发明了第一台苹果电脑
09:08
sitting坐在 alone单独 in his cubical立方体
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一个人独自坐在他的机柜旁
09:10
in Hewlett-Packard惠普 where he was working加工 at the time.
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在他当时工作的惠普公司
09:12
And he says that he never would have become成为 such这样 an expert专家 in the first place地点
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并且他说他永远不会在那方面成为一号专家
09:15
had he not been too introverted内敛 to leave离开 the house
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但他还没因太内向到要离开那里
09:18
when he was growing生长 up.
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那个他成长起来的地方
09:20
Now of course课程,
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当然了
09:23
this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating合作 --
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这并不意味着我们都应该停止合作--
09:26
and case案件 in point, is Steve史蒂夫 Wozniak沃兹尼亚克 famously著名 coming未来 together一起 with Steve史蒂夫 Jobs工作
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恰当的例子呢,是史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和史蒂夫·乔布斯的著名联手
09:29
to start开始 Apple苹果 Computer电脑 --
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创建苹果电脑公司--
09:32
but it does mean that solitude孤独 matters事项
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但是这并不意味着和独处有重大关系
09:35
and that for some people
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并且对于一些人来说
09:37
it is the air空气 that they breathe呼吸.
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这是他们赖以呼吸生存的空气
09:39
And in fact事实, we have known已知 for centuries百年
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事实上,几个世纪以来我们已经非常明白
09:42
about the transcendent超然 power功率 of solitude孤独.
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独处的卓越力量
09:45
It's only recently最近 that we've我们已经 strangely奇怪 begun开始 to forget忘记 it.
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只是到了最近,非常奇怪,我们开始遗忘它了
09:48
If you look at most of the world's世界 major重大的 religions宗教,
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如果你看看世界上主要的宗教
09:51
you will find seekers求职者 --
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你会发现探寻者--
09:53
Moses摩西, Jesus耶稣, Buddha, Muhammad穆罕默德 --
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摩西,耶稣,佛祖,穆罕默德 --
09:56
seekers求职者 who are going off by themselves他们自己
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那些独身去探寻的人们
09:58
alone单独 to the wilderness荒野
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在大自然的旷野中独处,思索
10:00
where they then have profound深刻 epiphanies顿悟 and revelations启示
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在那里,他们有了深刻的顿悟和对于奥义的揭示
10:02
that they then bring带来 back to the rest休息 of the community社区.
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之后他们把这些思想带回到社会的其他地方去
10:05
So no wilderness荒野, no revelations启示.
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没有旷原,没有启示
10:09
This is no surprise though虽然
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尽管这并不令人惊讶
10:11
if you look at the insights见解 of contemporary现代的 psychology心理学.
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如果你注意到现代心理学的思想理论
10:14
It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people
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它反映出来我们甚至不能和一组人待在一起
10:17
without instinctively本能 mirroring镜像, mimicking模仿 their opinions意见.
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而不去本能地模仿他们的意见与想法
10:20
Even about seemingly似乎 personal个人 and visceral内脏 things
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甚至是看上去私人的,发自内心的事情
10:22
like who you're attracted吸引 to,
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像是你被谁所吸引
10:24
you will start开始 apingAPING the beliefs信仰 of the people around you
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你会开始模仿你周围的人的信仰
10:27
without even realizing实现 that that's what you're doing.
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甚至都觉察不到你自己在做什么
10:29
And groups famously著名 follow跟随 the opinions意见
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还曾跟随群体的意见
10:32
of the most dominant优势 or charismatic魅力 person in the room房间,
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跟随着房间里最具有统治力的,最有领袖气质的人的思路
10:34
even though虽然 there's zero correlation相关
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虽然这真的没什么关系
10:36
between之间 being存在 the best最好 talker健谈 and having the best最好 ideas思路 --
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在成为一个卓越的演讲家还是拥有最好的主意之间--
10:39
I mean zero.
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我的意思是“零相关”
10:41
So ...
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那么...
10:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:45
You might威力 be following以下 the person with the best最好 ideas思路,
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你们或许会跟随有最好头脑的人
10:48
but you might威力 not.
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但是你们也许不会
10:50
And do you really want to leave离开 it up to chance机会?
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可你们真的想把这机会扔掉吗?
10:53
Much better for everybody每个人 to go off by themselves他们自己,
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如果每个人都自己行动或许好得多
10:55
generate生成 their own拥有 ideas思路
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发掘他们自己的想法
10:57
freed释放 from the distortions扭曲 of group dynamics动力学,
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没有群体动力学的曲解
10:59
and then come together一起 as a team球队
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接着来到一起组成一个团队
11:01
to talk them through通过 in a well-managed管理得很好 environment环境
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在一个良好管理的环境中互相交流
11:04
and take it from there.
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并且在那里学习别的思想
11:06
Now if all this is true真正,
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如果说现在这一切都是真的
11:08
then why are we getting得到 it so wrong错误?
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那么为什么我们还得到这样错误的结论?
11:11
Why are we setting设置 up our schools学校 this way and our workplaces工作场所?
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为什么我们要这样创立我们的学校,还有我们的工作单位?
11:13
And why are we making制造 these introverts内向的人 feel so guilty有罪
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为什么我们要让这些内向的人觉得那么愧疚
11:15
about wanting希望 to just go off by themselves他们自己 some of the time?
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对于他们只是想要离开,一个人独处一段时间的事实?
11:19
One answer回答 lies deep in our cultural文化 history历史.
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有一个答案在我们的文化史中埋藏已久
11:22
Western西 societies社会,
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西方社会
11:24
and in particular特定 the U.S.,
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特别是在美国
11:26
have always favored青睐 the man of action行动
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总是偏爱有行动的人
11:28
over the man of contemplation沉思
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而不是有深刻思考的人
11:30
and "man" of contemplation沉思.
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有深刻思考的“人”
11:34
But in America's美国 early days,
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但是在美国早期的时候
11:37
we lived生活 in what historians历史学家 call a culture文化 of character字符,
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我们生活在一个被历史学家称作“性格特征”的文化
11:40
where we still, at that point, valued价值 people
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那时我们仍然,在这点上,判断人们的价值
11:42
for their inner selves自我 and their moral道德 rectitude正直.
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从人们的内涵和道义正直
11:45
And if you look at the self-help自救 books图书 from this era时代,
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而且如果你看一看这个时代关于自立的书籍的话
11:47
they all had titles标题 with things like
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它们都有这样一种标题:
11:49
"Character字符, the Grandest宏伟的 Thing in the World世界."
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“性格”,世界上最伟大的事物
11:52
And they featured精选 role角色 models楷模 like Abraham亚伯拉罕 Lincoln林肯
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并且它们以亚伯拉罕·林肯这样的为标榜
11:55
who was praised称赞 for being存在 modest谦虚 and unassuming谦逊.
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一个被形容为谦虚低调的男人
11:57
Ralph拉尔夫 Waldo沃尔多 Emerson艾默生 called him
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拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生称他是
11:59
"A man who does not offend得罪 by superiority优势."
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“一个以‘优越’二字形容都不为过的人”
12:02
But then we hit击中 the 20th century世纪
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但是接着我们来到了二十世纪
12:05
and we entered进入 a new culture文化
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并且我们融入了一种新的文化
12:07
that historians历史学家 call the culture文化 of personality个性.
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一种被历史学家称作“个性”的文化
12:09
What happened发生 is we had evolved进化 an agricultural农业的 economy经济
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所发生的改变就是我们从农业经济发展为
12:11
to a world世界 of big business商业.
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一个大商业经济的世界
12:13
And so suddenly突然 people are moving移动
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而且人们突然开始搬迁
12:15
from small towns城市 to the cities城市.
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从小的城镇搬向城市
12:17
And instead代替 of working加工 alongside并肩 people they've他们已经 known已知 all their lives生活,
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并且一改他们之前的在生活中和所熟识的人们一起工作的方式
12:20
now they are having to prove证明 themselves他们自己
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现在他们
12:22
in a crowd人群 of strangers陌生人.
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在一群陌生人中间有必要去证明自己
12:24
So, quite相当 understandably可以理解的,
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这样做是非常可以理解的
12:26
qualities气质 like magnetism磁性 and charisma魅力
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像领袖气质和个人魅力这样的品质
12:28
suddenly突然 come to seem似乎 really important重要.
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突然间似乎变得极为重要
12:30
And sure enough足够, the self-help自救 books图书 change更改 to meet遇到 these new needs需求
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那么可以肯定的是,自助自立的书的内容变更了以适应这些新的需求
12:33
and they start开始 to have names
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并且它们开始拥有名称
12:35
like "How to Win赢得 Friends and Influence影响 People."
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像是《如何赢得朋友和影响他人》(戴尔・卡耐基所著《人性的弱点》)
12:37
And they feature特征 as their role角色 models楷模
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他们的特点是做自己的榜样
12:39
really great salesmen推销员.
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不得不说确实是好的推销员
12:42
So that's the world世界 we're living活的 in today今天.
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所以这就是我们今天生活的世界
12:44
That's our cultural文化 inheritance遗产.
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这是我们的文化遗产
12:48
Now none没有 of this is to say
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现在没有谁能够说
12:50
that social社会 skills技能 are unimportant不重要,
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社交技能是不重要的
12:53
and I'm also not calling调用
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并且我也不是想呼吁
12:55
for the abolishing取消 of teamwork团队合作 at all.
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大家废除团队合作模式
12:58
The same相同 religions宗教 who send发送 their sages先贤 off to lonely孤独 mountain tops上衣
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但仍是相同的宗教,却把他们的圣人送到了孤独的山顶上
13:01
also teach us love and trust相信.
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仍然教导我们爱与信任
13:04
And the problems问题 that we are facing面对 today今天
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还有我们今天所要面对的问题
13:06
in fields领域 like science科学 and in economics经济学
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像是在科学和经济领域
13:08
are so vast广大 and so complex复杂
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是如此的巨大和复杂
13:10
that we are going to need armies军队 of people coming未来 together一起
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以至于我们需要人们强有力地团结起来
13:12
to solve解决 them working加工 together一起.
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共同解决这些问题
13:14
But I am saying that the more freedom自由 that we give introverts内向的人 to be themselves他们自己,
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但是我想说,越给内向者自由让他们做自己
13:17
the more likely容易 that they are
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他们就做得越好
13:19
to come up with their own拥有 unique独特 solutions解决方案 to these problems问题.
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去想出他们独特的关于问题的解决办法
13:24
So now I'd like to share分享 with you
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所以现在我很高兴同你们分享
13:26
what's in my suitcase手提箱 today今天.
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我手提箱中的东西
13:33
Guess猜测 what?
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猜猜是什么?
13:35
Books图书.
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13:37
I have a suitcase手提箱 full充分 of books图书.
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我有一个手提箱里面装满了书
13:39
Here's这里的 Margaret玛格丽特 Atwood阿特伍德, "Cat's Eye."
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这是玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《猫的眼睛》
13:41
Here's这里的 a novel小说 by Milan米兰 Kundera昆德拉.
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这是一本米兰·昆德拉的书
13:44
And here's这里的 "The Guide指南 for the Perplexed困惑"
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这是一本《迷途指津》
13:46
by Maimonides迈蒙尼德.
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是迈蒙尼德写的
13:49
But these are not exactly究竟 my books图书.
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但这些实际上都不是我的书
13:52
I brought these books图书 with me
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我还是带着它们,陪伴着我
13:54
because they were written书面 by my grandfather's爷爷的 favorite喜爱 authors作者.
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因为它们都是我祖父最喜爱的作家所写
13:58
My grandfather祖父 was a rabbi拉比
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我的祖父是一名犹太教祭司
14:00
and he was a widower鳏夫
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他独身一人
14:02
who lived生活 alone单独 in a small apartment公寓 in Brooklyn布鲁克林
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在布鲁克林的一间小公寓中居住
14:05
that was my favorite喜爱 place地点 in the world世界 when I was growing生长 up,
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那里是我从小到大在这个世界上最喜爱的地方
14:08
partly部分地 because it was filled填充 with his very gentle温和, very courtly温文儒雅 presence存在
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部分原因是他有着非常温和亲切的,温文尔雅的举止
14:11
and partly部分地 because it was filled填充 with books图书.
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部分原因是那里充满了书
14:14
I mean literally按照字面 every一切 table, every一切 chair椅子 in this apartment公寓
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我的意思是,毫不夸张地说,公寓中的每张桌子,每张椅子
14:17
had yielded产生 its original原版的 function功能
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都充分应用着它原有的功能
14:19
to now serve服务 as a surface表面 for swaying摇曳 stacks of books图书.
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就是现在作为承载一大堆都在摇曳的书的表面
14:22
Just like the rest休息 of my family家庭,
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就像我其他的家庭成员一样
14:24
my grandfather's爷爷的 favorite喜爱 thing to do in the whole整个 world世界 was to read.
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我祖父在这个世界上最喜欢做的事情就是阅读
14:27
But he also loved喜爱 his congregation集合,
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但是他同样也热爱他的宗教
14:30
and you could feel this love in the sermons布道 that he gave
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并且你们可以从他的讲述中感觉到他这种爱
14:33
every一切 week for the 62 years年份 that he was a rabbi拉比.
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这62年来每周他都作为一名犹太教的祭司
14:37
He would takes the fruits水果 of each week's本周 reading
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他会从每周的阅读中汲取养分
14:40
and he would weave编织 these intricate错综复杂 tapestries挂毯 of ancient and humanist以人为本 thought.
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并且他会编织这些错综复杂的古代和人文主义的思想的挂毯
14:43
And people would come from all over
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并且人们会从各个地方前来
14:45
to hear him speak说话.
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听他的讲话
14:47
But here's这里的 the thing about my grandfather祖父.
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但是有这么一件关于我祖父的事情
14:50
Underneath this ceremonial仪式 role角色,
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在这个正式的角色下隐藏着
14:52
he was really modest谦虚 and really introverted内敛 --
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他是一个非常谦虚的非常内向的人
14:55
so much so that when he delivered交付 these sermons布道,
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是那么的谦虚内向以至于当他在向人们讲述的时候
14:58
he had trouble麻烦 making制造 eye contact联系
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他都不敢有视线上的接触
15:00
with the very same相同 congregation集合
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和同样的教堂会众
15:02
that he had been speaking请讲 to for 62 years年份.
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他已经发言有62年了
15:04
And even away from the podium讲台,
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甚至都还远离领奖台
15:06
when you called him to say hello你好,
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当你们让他说“你好”的时候
15:08
he would often经常 end结束 the conversation会话 prematurely过早
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他总会提早结束这对话
15:10
for fear恐惧 that he was taking服用 up too much of your time.
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担心他会占用你太多的时间
15:14
But when he died死亡 at the age年龄 of 94,
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但是当他94岁去世的时候
15:17
the police警察 had to close down the streets街道 of his neighborhood邻里
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警察们需要封锁他所居住的街道邻里
15:20
to accommodate容纳 the crowd人群 of people
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来容纳拥挤的人们
15:22
who came来了 out to mourn him.
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前来哀悼他的人们
15:26
And so these days I try to learn学习 from my grandfather's爷爷的 example
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这些天来我都试着从我祖父的事例中学习
15:29
in my own拥有 way.
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以我自己的方式
15:31
So I just published发表 a book about introversion内向,
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所以我就出版了一本关于内向性格的书
15:34
and it took me about seven years年份 to write.
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它花了我7年的时间完成它
15:36
And for me, that seven years年份 was like total bliss,
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而对我来说,这七年像是一种极大的喜悦
15:39
because I was reading, I was writing写作,
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因为我在阅读,我在写作
15:42
I was thinking思维, I was researching研究.
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我在思考,我在探寻
15:44
It was my version
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这是我的版本
15:46
of my grandfather's爷爷的 hours小时 of the day alone单独 in his library图书馆.
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对于爷爷一天中几个小时都要独自待在图书馆这件事
15:49
But now all of a sudden突然 my job工作 is very different不同,
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但是现在突然间我的工作变得很不同了
15:52
and my job工作 is to be out here talking about it,
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我的工作变成了站在这里讲述它
15:55
talking about introversion内向.
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讲述内向的性格
15:58
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:02
And that's a lot harder更难 for me,
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而且这对于我来说是有一点困难的
16:04
because as honored荣幸 as I am
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因为我很荣幸
16:06
to be here with all of you right now,
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在现在被你们所有人所倾听
16:08
this is not my natural自然 milieu环境.
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这可不是我自然的文化背景
16:11
So I prepared准备 for moments瞬间 like these
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所以我准备了一会就像这样
16:13
as best最好 I could.
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以我所能做到的最好的方式
16:15
I spent花费 the last year practicing public上市 speaking请讲
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我花了最近一年的时间练习在公共场合发言
16:17
every一切 chance机会 I could get.
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在我能得到的每一个机会中
16:19
And I call this my "year of speaking请讲 dangerously危险."
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我把这一年称作我的“危险地发言的一年”
16:22
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:24
And that actually其实 helped帮助 a lot.
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而且它的确帮了我很大的忙
16:26
But I'll tell you, what helps帮助 even more
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但是我要告诉你们一个帮我更大的忙的事情
16:28
is my sense, my belief信仰, my hope希望
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那就是我的感觉,我的信仰,我的希望
16:31
that when it comes to our attitudes态度
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当谈及我们态度的时候
16:33
to introversion内向 and to quiet安静 and to solitude孤独,
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对于内向性格的,对于安静,对于独处的态度时
16:35
we truly are poised准备 on the brink边缘 on dramatic戏剧性 change更改.
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我们确实是在急剧变化的边缘上保持微妙的平衡
16:37
I mean, we are.
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我的意思是,我们在保持平衡
16:39
And so I am going to leave离开 you now
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现在我将要给你们留下一些东西
16:41
with three calls电话 for action行动
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三件对于你们的行动有帮助的事情
16:43
for those who share分享 this vision视力.
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献给那些观看我的演讲的人
16:45
Number one:
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第一:
16:47
Stop the madness疯狂 for constant不变 group work.
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停止对于经常要团队协作的执迷与疯狂
16:49
Just stop it.
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停止它就好了
16:51
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
16:54
Thank you.
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谢谢你们
16:56
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
16:58
And I want to be clear明确 about what I'm saying,
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我想让我所说的事情变得清晰一些
17:00
because I deeply believe our offices办事处
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因为我对于我们的办公深信不疑
17:02
should be encouraging鼓舞人心的
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应该鼓励它们
17:04
casual随便, chatty健谈的 cafe-style咖啡厅风格 types类型 of interactions互动 --
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那种休闲随意的,聊天似的咖啡厅式的相互作用--
17:06
you know, the kind where people come together一起
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你们知道的,道不同不相为谋,人们聚到一起
17:08
and serendipitously无心插柳 have an exchange交换 of ideas思路.
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并且互相交换着宝贵的意见
17:10
That is great.
412
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这是很棒的
17:12
It's great for introverts内向的人 and it's great for extroverts外向的人.
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这对于内向者很好,同样对于外向者也好
17:14
But we need much more privacy隐私 and much more freedom自由
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但是我们需要更多的隐私和更多的自由
17:16
and much more autonomy自治 at work.
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还有更多对于我们本身工作的自主权
17:18
School学校, same相同 thing.
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对于学校,也是同样的。
17:20
We need to be teaching教学 kids孩子 to work together一起, for sure,
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我们当然需要教会孩子们要一起学习工作
17:23
but we also need to be teaching教学 them how to work on their own拥有.
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但是我们同样需要教会孩子们怎么样独立完成任务
17:25
This is especially特别 important重要 for extroverted外放 children孩子 too.
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这对于外向的孩子们来说同样是极为重要的
17:28
They need to work on their own拥有
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他们需要独立完成工作
17:30
because that is where deep thought comes from in part部分.
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因为从某种程度上,这是他们深刻思考的来源
17:32
Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness荒野.
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好了,第二个:去到野外(打开思维)
17:35
Be like Buddha, have your own拥有 revelations启示.
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就像佛祖一样,拥有你们自己对于事物的揭示启迪
17:38
I'm not saying
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我并不是说
17:40
that we all have to now go off and build建立 our own拥有 cabins小屋 in the woods树木
425
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我们都要跑去小树林里建造我们自己的小屋
17:43
and never talk to each other again,
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并且之后就永远不和别人说话了
17:46
but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug
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但是我要说我们都可以坚持去去除一些障碍物
17:48
and get inside our own拥有 heads
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然后深入我们自己的大脑思想
17:50
a little more often经常.
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时不时得再深入一点
17:54
Number three:
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第三点:
17:57
Take a good look at what's inside your own拥有 suitcase手提箱
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好好看一眼你的旅行箱内有什么东西
17:59
and why you put it there.
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还有你为什么把它放进去
18:01
So extroverts外向的人,
433
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所以外向者们
18:03
maybe your suitcases手提箱 are also full充分 of books图书.
434
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也许你们的箱子内同样堆满了书
18:05
Or maybe they're full充分 of champagne香槟酒 glasses眼镜
435
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2000
或者它们装满了香槟的玻璃酒杯
18:07
or skydiving跳伞 equipment设备.
436
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或者是跳伞运动的设备
18:10
Whatever随你 it is, I hope希望 you take these things out every一切 chance机会 you get
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不管它是什么,我希望每当你们有机会你们就把它拿出来
18:14
and grace恩典 us with your energy能源 and your joy喜悦.
438
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用你的能量和你的快乐让我们感受到美和享受
18:17
But introverts内向的人, you being存在 you,
439
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但是内向者们,你们作为内向者
18:20
you probably大概 have the impulse冲动 to guard守卫 very carefully小心
440
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你们很可能有仔细保护一切的冲动
18:22
what's inside your own拥有 suitcase手提箱.
441
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在你箱子里的东西
18:24
And that's okay.
442
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这没有问题
18:26
But occasionally偶尔, just occasionally偶尔,
443
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但是偶尔地,只是说偶尔地
18:28
I hope希望 you will open打开 up your suitcases手提箱 for other people to see,
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我希望你们可以打开你们的手提箱,让别人看一看
18:31
because the world世界 needs需求 you and it needs需求 the things you carry携带.
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因为这个世界需要你们,同样需要你们身上所携带的你们特有的事物
18:36
So I wish希望 you the best最好 of all possible可能 journeys旅程
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所以对于你们即将走上的所有旅程,我都给予你们我最美好的祝愿
18:38
and the courage勇气 to speak说话 softly轻轻的.
447
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还有温柔地说话的勇气
18:41
Thank you very much.
448
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非常感谢你们
18:43
(Applause掌声)
449
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(掌声)
18:47
Thank you. Thank you.
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3000
谢谢。谢谢
18:50
(Applause掌声)
451
1115000
7000
(掌声)
Translated by TIANHANG HU
Reviewed by Angelia King

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Susan Cain - Quiet revolutionary
Our world prizes extroverts—but Susan Cain makes a case for the quiet and contemplative. She reaches millions of people through her books, podcasts and her mission-based organization, Quiet Revolution, which empowers introverts for the benefit of everyone.

Why you should listen

Susan Cain is a former corporate lawyer and negotiations consultant -- and a self-described introvert. At least one-third of the people we know are introverts, notes Cain in her book QUIET: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking. Although our culture undervalues them dramatically, introverts have made some of the great contributions to society -- from Chopin's nocturnes to the invention of the personal computer to Ghandi's transformative leadership. Cain argues that we design our schools, workplaces and religious institutions for extroverts, and that this bias creates a waste of talent, energy and happiness. Based on intensive research in psychology and neurobiology and on prolific interviews, she also explains why introverts are capable of great love and great achievement, not in spite of their temperament -- but because of them.

In 2015 Susan Cain announced the launch of her mission-based organization Quiet Revolution that aims to change the lives of introverts by empowering them with the information, tools and resources they need to survive and thrive.

In the workplace, companies are not fully harnessing the talents of their introverted employees and leadership teams are often imbalanced with many more extroverts than introverts. The Quiet Leadership Institute has worked with companies from LinkedIn to GE to Procter and Gamble to help them achieve their potential by providing learning experiences that unlock the power of introverts.

At the heart and center of the Quiet Revolution is empowering the next generation of children to know their own strengths and be freed from the sense of inadequacy that has shadowed the children of previous generations. Susan's second book, Quiet Power, is written for teens and young adults but also serves as a tool for teachers and parents. In addition, Susan has created a portal and a online learning experience for the parents of quiet children and has also established the Quiet Schools Network. Susan's podcast, Quiet: The Power of Introverts debuted in February 2016 as a 10-part series designed to give parents and teachers the tools they need to empower quiet kids.

Susan and the Quiet Revolution have received numerous accolades and press including Fortune magazine, The New York Times, NPRand many more.

More profile about the speaker
Susan Cain | Speaker | TED.com